1818–19 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
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| election_name |
| election_name = 1818–19 United States Senate elections |
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| country |
| country = United States |
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| flag_year |
| flag_year = 1818 |
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| type |
| type = legislative |
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| ongoing |
| > |
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| previous_election |
| previous_election = 1816–17 United States Senate elections |
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| previous_year |
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1816 & 1817}} |
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| next_election |
| next_election = 1820–21 United States Senate elections |
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| next_year |
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1820 & 1821}} |
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| seats_for_election = 14 of the 42 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (plus special elections) |
| seats_for_election = 14 of the 42 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (plus special elections) |
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| majority_seats |
| majority_seats = 22 |
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| election_date |
| election_date = Dates vary by state |
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| image_size = 100px |
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| 1blank = Seats up |
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| 1blank = Seats up |
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| party1 = Democratic-Republican Party |
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| image1 = Tricolour Cockade.svg |
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| last_election1 = '''25 seats''' |
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| party1 = Democratic-Republican Party |
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| |
| seats_before1 = '''28''' |
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| |
| seats1 = '''14''' |
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| |
| seats_after1 = '''30''' |
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| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 3 |
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| seats_after1 = '''30''' |
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| 1data1 = 11 |
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| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 3 |
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| party2 = Federalist Party |
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| 1data1 = 11 |
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| last_election2 = 13 seats |
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| seats_before2 = 12 |
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| image2 = Federalist Cockade.svg |
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| seats2 = 0 |
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| party2 = Federalist Party |
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| seats_after2 = 9 |
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| last_election2 = 13 seats |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3 |
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| seats_before2 = 12 |
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| |
| 1data2 = 3 |
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| title = Majority Party |
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| seats_after2 = 9 |
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| before_election = |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3 |
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| before_party = Democratic-Republican Party |
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| 1data2 = 3 |
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| after_election = |
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| after_party = Democratic-Republican Party |
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| title = Majority party |
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| map_image = File:1818senaterace.svg |
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| before_election = Democratic-Republican |
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| map_caption = '''Results:'''<br/>{{Legend0|#bef3be|Dem-Republican hold}} {{legend0|#008000|Dem-Republican gain}}<br/>{{Legend0|#020602ff|Legislature Failed To Elect}} |
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| after_election = Democratic-Republican |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''1818–19 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1818 and 1819, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 3]]. |
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The '''United States Senate elections of 1818 and 1819''' were elections for the [[United States Senate]] that had the [[Democratic-Republican Party]] gain two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect. |
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The [[Democratic-Republican Party]] gained two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect. |
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As these elections were prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], Senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|State legislatures]]. |
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== Results summary == |
== Results summary == |
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Senate |
Senate party division, [[16th United States Congress|16th Congress]] (1819–1821) |
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* Majority |
* Majority party: Democratic-Republican (30–37) |
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* Minority |
* Minority party: [[Federalist Party|Federalist]] (9) |
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* Vacant: 3–0 |
* Vacant: 3–0 |
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* '''Total |
* '''Total seats: 42–46''' |
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== Change in |
== Change in composition == |
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=== Before the elections === |
=== Before the elections === |
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After the admission of Illinois. |
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Composition after the September 5, 1818 special election in Tennessee. |
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{| |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=800px |
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| |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |
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|- |
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| colspan=9 | |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|1}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|11}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|10}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|9}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|8}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|7}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|6}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|5}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|3}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois|{{abbr|Ill.|Illinois}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|New seat}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|2}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|12}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|13}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|14}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|15}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|16}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|17}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|18}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|19}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|20}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois|{{abbr|Ill.|Illinois}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|21}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Indiana|{{abbr|Ind.|Indiana}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |
| colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |
||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|22}}<br/>{{Small|[[#North Carolina|{{abbr|N.C.|North Carolina}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|12}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New York|{{abbr|N.Y.|New York}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|30}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Vermont (Regular)|{{abbr|Vt.|Vermont}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Resigned}} |
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! {{party shading/Federalist active}} | F<sub>12</sub> |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|29}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Pennsylvania|{{abbr|Pa.|Pennsylvania}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|28}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Ohio|Ohio]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|27}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Louisiana (Regular)|{{abbr|La.|Louisiana}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Retired}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|26}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Hampshire|{{abbr|N.H.|New Hampshire}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Unknown}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|25}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Kentucky (Regular)|{{abbr|Ky.|Kentucky}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Unknown}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|24}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Georgia (Regular)|{{abbr|Ga.|Georgia}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Unknown}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|23}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Carolina|{{abbr|S.C.|South Carolina}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|11}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maryland (Regular)|{{abbr|Md.|Maryland}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist/active}} | F{{Sub|10}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Connecticut|{{abbr|Conn.|Connecticut}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Ran}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|9}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|8}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|7}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|6}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|5}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|4}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}} |
||
|- |
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| colspan=9 | |
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| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|1}} |
|||
|} |
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|} |
|} |
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=== |
=== Result of the general elections === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=800px |
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{| |
|||
|- valign=top |
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| |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=750px |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan=9 | |
| colspan=9 | |
||
| |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|1}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|11}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|10}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|9}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|8}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|7}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|6}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|5}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|3}} |
||
| width=50px {{ |
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|2}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|12}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|13}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|14}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|15}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|16}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|17}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|18}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|19}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|20}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Illinois|{{abbr|Ill.|Illinois}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|21}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Indiana|{{abbr|Ind.|Indiana}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
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| colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |
| colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |
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| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|22}}<br/>{{Small|[[#North Carolina|{{abbr|N.C.|North Carolina}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|31}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Connecticut|{{abbr|Conn.|Connecticut}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|30}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Vermont (Regular)|{{abbr|Vt.|Vermont}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|29}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Pennsylvania|{{abbr|Pa.|Pennsylvania}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|28}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Ohio|Ohio]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|27}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New Hampshire|{{abbr|N.H.|New Hampshire}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|26}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Louisiana (Regular)|{{abbr|La.|Louisiana}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|25}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Kentucky (Regular)|{{abbr|Ky.|Kentucky}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|24}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Georgia (Regular)|{{abbr|Ga.|Georgia}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|23}}<br/>{{Small|[[#South Carolina|{{abbr|S.C.|South Carolina}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Re-elected}} |
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|- |
|- |
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| {{Party shading/Vacant/active}} | V{{Sub|1}}<br/>{{Small|[[#New York|{{abbr|N.Y.|New York}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|F Loss}} |
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| {{Party shading/Vacant/active}} | V{{Sub|2}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maryland (Regular)|{{abbr|Md.|Maryland}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|F Loss}} |
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| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|9}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|8}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|7}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|6}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|5}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|4}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}} |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}} |
||
|- |
|- |
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| colspan=9 | |
| colspan=9 | |
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| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|1}} |
||
|} |
|} |
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| valign=top | Notes: |
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=== Results of the 1819 special elections === |
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* <small>'''DR<sub>17</sub>''' and '''DR<sub>18</sub>''': Two seats were added for the new state of ([[United States Senate elections in Illinois, 1818 and 1819|Illinois]]):</small> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=800px |
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** <small>The class 2 Illinois seat was won by a Democratic-Republican ('''DR<sub>17</sub>''').</small> |
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** <small>The class 3 Illinois seat was also won by a Democratic-Republican ('''DR<sub>18</sub>'''), but he had to face re-election almost immediately in February 1819 for the next term ('''DR<sub>18</sub>''').</small> |
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|- |
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* <small>'''V<sub>1</sub>''' and '''V<sub>2</sub>''': Two Democratic-Republican seats ([[United States Senate election in Georgia, 1819|Georgia class 2]] and [[United States Senate election in Kentucky, 1819|Kentucky class 2]]) were not up for election this year, however both Senators resigned at the end of the 15th Congress. The seats began the term vacant and were both filled by Democratic-Republicans in late 1819.</small> |
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| colspan=8 | |
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* <small>'''V<sub>3</sub>''' ([[United States Senate election in New York, 1819/1820|New York seat]]): Legislature failed to elect. The seat began the term vacant, but the Federalist incumbent would later be elected to the seat in 1820.</small> |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|1}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|2}} |
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|- |
|||
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|12}} |
|||
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|11}} |
|||
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|10}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Virginia (special)|{{abbr|Va.|Virginia}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|9}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Tennessee (special)|{{abbr|Tenn.|Tennessee}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|8}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Kentucky (special)|{{abbr|Ky.|Kentucky}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|7}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Georgia (special)|{{abbr|Ga.|Georgia}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Hold}} |
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| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|6}} |
|||
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|5}} |
|||
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|4}} |
|||
| width=50px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|3}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|13}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|14}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|15}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|16}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|17}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|18}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|19}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|20}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|21}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|22}} |
|||
|- |
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| colspan=9 style="text-align:right" | '''Majority →''' |
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| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|23}} |
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|- |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|32}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Alabama|{{abbr|Ala. Cl.2|Alabama class 2}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|New seat}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|31}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|30}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|29}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|28}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|27}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|26}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|25}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|24}} |
|||
|- |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|33}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Alabama|{{abbr|Ala. Cl.3|Alabama class 3}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|New seat}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|34}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maryland (special)|{{abbr|Md. Cl.1|Maryland class 1}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}} |
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| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/active}} | DR{{Sub|35}}<br/>{{Small|[[#Maryland (Regular)|{{abbr|Md. Cl.3|Maryland class 3}}]]}}<br/>{{Small|Gain}} |
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| {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|1}} |
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| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|8}} |
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| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|7}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|6}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|5}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|4}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|3}} |
|||
|- |
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| colspan=8 | |
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| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|2}} |
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| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|1}} |
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|} |
|} |
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| Line 190: | Line 252: | ||
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| |
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{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
||
| align=center width=30px {{ |
| align=center width=30px {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | DR{{Sub|#}} |
||
| [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]] |
| [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width=30px {{ |
| align=center width=30px {{Party shading/Federalist}} | F{{Sub|#}} |
||
| [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist]] |
| [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| align=center width=30px {{ |
| align=center width=30px {{Party shading/Vacant}} | V{{Sub|#}} |
||
| Vacant |
| Vacant |
||
|} |
|} |
||
|} |
|} |
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== Race summaries == |
== Race summaries == |
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'''Bold''' states link to specific election articles. |
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=== Special elections during the 15th Congress === |
=== Special elections during the 15th Congress === |
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In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date. |
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date. |
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| Line 222: | Line 281: | ||
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! [[#Louisiana (special)|Louisiana]]<br/>(Class 2) |
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| [[ |
| [[William C. C. Claiborne]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1817 United States Senate election in Louisiana|1817]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent died November 23, 1817.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected '''January 12, 1818'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Prentiss Mellen]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Henry Johnson]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 30 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Mr. Livingston 5 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[John MacDonough]] 4 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Dr. Hood 2 votes<ref name=Louisiana2>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 14, 2018 | title= Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:la.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Massachusetts (special)|Massachusetts]]<br/>(Class 1) |
|||
| [[ |
| [[Eli P. Ashmun]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1816 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1816 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|elected]]-->elected '''June 5, 1818'''.<br/>Federalist hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[John Forsyth (Georgia)|John Forsyth]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Prentiss Mellen]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 85 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[William King (governor)|William King]] (Democratic-Republican) 37 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[James Bridge (politician)|James Bridge]] 2 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Mark L. Hill]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref name=Massachusetts1>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= April 30, 2018 | title= Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Illinois|Illinois]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New State'' |
|||
| [[James Fisk (politician)|James Fisk]] |
|||
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senators <!--[[1818 United States Senate elections in Illinois|elected]]-->elected '''October 7, 1818'''<ref name="Buck"/> on the first and third ballot.<br/>Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2.<br/>The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819, see below.<br/>'''Two Democratic-Republican gains.''' |
|||
| {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
|||
| nowrap rowspan=2 | '''First ballot:'''<br/>{{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Vermont, 1817|1817 (Special)]] |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Ninian Edwards]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes<ref name="Buck">{{cite web | first=Solon J. | last=Buck | date=1917 | title=Illinois in 1818 | publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] | page=304 | editor=Bill Thayer | url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Illinois/_Texts/Centennial_History/Illinois_in_1818/home.html | access-date=March 23, 2015}}</ref> |
|||
| {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>Winner [[United States Senate special election in Vermont, 1818|elected]] '''October 20, 1818''' to both finish the term ending March 3, 1819, and also to the following term, see below.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}{{Mby}} [[Leonard White (Illinois politician)|Leonard White]] 17 votes |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William A. Palmer|William Palmer]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Mby}} [[Jesse B. Thomas]] (Democratic-Republican) 15 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}{{Mby}} [[Michael Jones (Illinois politician)|Michael Jones]] 10 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Joseph M. Street]] 3 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Robert Morrison (Illinois politician)|Robert Morrison]] 3 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 6, 2018 | title= Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:il.ussenate1.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Second ballot:'''<br/>{{Plainlist | |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Leonard White (Illinois politician)|Leonard White]] 16 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Jesse B. Thomas]] (Democratic-Republican) 14 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Michael Jones (Illinois politician)|Michael Jones]] 10 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= November 4, 2019 | title= Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/td96k347v}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
'''Third ballot:'''<br/>{{Plainlist | |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Jesse B. Thomas]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Leonard White (Illinois politician)|Leonard White]] 18 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Michael Jones (Illinois politician)|Michael Jones]] 1 vote<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 6, 2018 | title= Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:il.ussenate3.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Illinois|Illinois]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| rowspan=2 colspan=3 | New State |
|||
| rowspan=2 {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>Winners [[United States Senate elections in Illinois, 1818|elected]] '''December 3, 1818''' and lots were drawn to assign them to Class 2 and Class 3. The Class 3 Senator had to run again for re-election in 1819.<br/>'''Two Democratic-Republican gains.''' |
|||
| rowspan=2 nowrap | '''√ [[Ninian Edwards]]''' (Class 3, Democratic-Republican) First ballot<ref name="Buck">{{cite web | first=Solon J. | last=Buck | date=1917 | title=Illinois in 1818 | publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] | page=304 | editor=Bill Thayer | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Illinois/_Texts/Centennial_History/Illinois_in_1818/home.html | accessdate=March 23, 2015}}</ref><br/>'''√ [[Jesse B. Thomas]]''' (Class 2, Democratic-Republican) Fourth ballot<br/>[[Leonard White (Illinois)|Leonard White]]<br/>[[Michael Jones (Illinois)|Michael Jones]]<br/>[[Joseph M. Street]]<br/>[[Robert Morrison (Illinois)|Robert Morrison]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Vermont (special)|Vermont]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| [[James Fisk (politician)|James Fisk]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
|||
| [[1817 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1817 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont|elected]]-->elected '''October 20, 1818''' to finish the term.<br/>Winner also elected to the following term, see below.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[William A. Palmer|William Palmer]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 116 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Dudley Chase]] (Federalist) 54 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[William A. Griswold]] (Democratic-Republican) 11 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Paul Brigham]] (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Scattering 4 votes<ref name=Vermont3B>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 11, 2018 | title=Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.special.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! [[#Georgia (specials)|Georgia]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| [[George M. Troup]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
|||
| [[1816 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1816 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1816 United States Senate election in Georgia|1816]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected '''November 7, 1818''' on the fourth ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Forsyth (Georgia)|John Forsyth]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 86 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Nicholas Ware]] (Democratic-Republican) 29 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[John M. Dooley (politician)|John M. Dooley]] 10 votes<ref name=Georgia2A>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 11, 2018 | title= Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.special.4.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
| Line 274: | Line 378: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Connecticut|Connecticut]] |
|||
| [[David Daggett]] |
| [[David Daggett]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1813 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|1813 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Connecticut|elected]]-->elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.''' |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Lanman]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Lanman]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 114 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[David Daggett]] (Federalist) 84 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Elijah Boardman]] (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Nathan Smith (senator)|Nathan Smith]] (Democratic-Republican) 3 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[William Bristol]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref name=ConnecticutSenate1818>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= April 30, 2018 | title= Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.ussenator.thirdballot.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Georgia (Regular)|Georgia]] |
|||
| [[Charles Tait]] |
| [[Charles Tait (politician)|Charles Tait]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1809 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1809 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1813 United States Senate election in Georgia|1813]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected November 11, 1818.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[John Elliott (Georgia)|John Elliot]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Elliott (Georgia politician)|John Elliot]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 72 |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John Forsyth (Georgia)|John Forsyth]] (Democratic-Republican) 53 votes<ref name=Georgia3>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 11, 2018 | title= Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Illinois|Illinois]] |
|||
| [[Ninian Edwards]] |
| [[Ninian Edwards]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1818 United States Senate elections in Illinois|1818]] |
|||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Illinois |
| Incumbent <!--[[1819 United States Senate election in Illinois|re-elected]]-->re-elected in early February 1819.<ref name="Buck"/> |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Ninian Edwards]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes<br/>[[Michael Jones (Illinois)|Michael Jones]] 19 votes<ref name="Buck"/> |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Ninian Edwards]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Illinois}}[[Michael Jones (Illinois)|Michael Jones]] 19 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 6, 2018 | title= Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:il.ussenate.1819}}</ref><ref name="Buck"/> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Indiana|Indiana]] |
|||
| [[Waller Taylor]] |
| [[Waller Taylor]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1816 United States Senate elections in Indiana|1816]] |
|||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Indiana |
| Incumbent <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Indiana|re-elected]]-->re-elected December 16, 1818. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Waller Taylor]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Waller Taylor]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Indiana politician}}[[James Scott (Indiana politician)|James Scott]] 15 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Isaac Blackford]] (Democratic-Republican) 2 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 13, 2018 | title= Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:in.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Kentucky (Regular)|Kentucky]] |
|||
| [[Isham Talbot]] |
| [[Isham Talbot]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1814 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1814 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected December 17, 1818.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William Logan (Kentuckian)|William Logan]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Logan (Kentuckian)|William Logan]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 67 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Richard Mentor Johnson]] (Democratic-Republican) 55 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 13, 2018 | title= Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Louisiana (Regular)|Louisiana]] |
|||
| [[Eligius Fromentin]] |
| [[Eligius Fromentin]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1813 United States Senate election in Louisiana|1813]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected on January 11, 1819, on the second ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[James Brown (Louisiana)|James Brown]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Brown (Louisiana)|James Brown]]''' (Democratic-Republican) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[John McDonough (Louisiana politician)|John McDonough]] 9 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Abner Lawson Duncan]] (Democratic-Republican) 12 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Eligius Fromentin]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 14, 2018 | title= Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:la.ussenate2.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Maryland (Regular)|Maryland]] |
|||
| [[Robert Henry Goldsborough]] |
| [[Robert Henry Goldsborough|Robert Goldsborough]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1813 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1813 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature [[1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland|failed to elect]] and the seat became vacant.<br/>'''Federalist loss'''. |
||
| None. |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)|Edward Lloyd]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 28.41%<br/>[[William Pinkney]] (Democratic-Republican) 27.84%<br/>[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]] (Federalist) 21.02%<br/>[[Robert H. Goldsborough]] (Federalist) 19.32%<br/>[[Charles Goldsborough]] (Federalist) 2.27%<br/>[[Samuel Smith (Maryland)|Samuel Smith]] (Unknown) 0.57%<br/>[[John Graham (Maryland)|John Graham]] (Democratic-Republican) 0.57%<ref name="Maryland">{{cite web | url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122868 | title=MD US Senate | date=August 30, 2004 | accessdate=March 24, 2015 | work=Our Campaigns}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#New Hampshire|New Hampshire]] |
|||
| [[Clement Storer]] |
| [[Clement Storer]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1817 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire|1817 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|elected]]-->elected in 1818 on the third ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[John Fabyan Parrott]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Fabyan Parrott]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 97 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[William Plumer]] (Democratic-Republican) 54 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Jeremiah Smith (lawyer)|Jeremiah Smith]] (Federalist) 11 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Josiah Butler]] (Democratic-Republican) 5 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Clement Storer]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 15, 2018 | title= New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator1c.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#New York|New York]] |
|||
| nowrap | [[List of United States Senators from New York|New York]]<br/><small>([[United States Senate election in New York, 1819/1820|election link]])</small> |
|||
| [[Rufus King]] |
| [[Rufus King]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
||
| [[1813 United States Senate election in New York|1813]] |
|||
| |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>Legislature [[1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York|failed to elect]] and the seat became vacant.<br/>'''Federalist loss.'''<br/>Incumbent would later be re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
|||
| [[John C. Spencer]] (Democratic-Republican: [[DeWitt Clinton|Clintonian]])<br/>[[Samuel Young (New York)|Samuel Young]] (Democratic-Republican: [[Bucktails|Bucktail]])<br/>[[Rufus King]] (Federalist)<br/>[[John Van Ness Yates]] (Democratic-Republican: [[Bucktails|Bucktail]]) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Fusion Party (South Dakota)}}[[John C. Spencer]] (Democratic-Republican: [[DeWitt Clinton|Clintonian]]) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Philetus Swift]] (Democratic-Republican) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Rufus King]] (Federalist) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John Van Ness Yates]] (Democratic-Republican: [[Bucktails|Bucktail]]) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[John Wells (New York politician)|John Wells]] (Federalist) |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Samuel Young (New York politician)|Samuel Young]] (Democratic-Republican: [[Bucktails|Bucktail]])<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 16, 2018 | title= New York 1819 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#North Carolina|North Carolina]] |
|||
| [[Nathaniel Macon]] |
| [[Nathaniel Macon]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1815 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|1815 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in North Carolina |
| Incumbent <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in North Carolina|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1818.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000034 | title=MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837) | work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] | access-date=March 26, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Nathaniel Macon]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Nathaniel Macon]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 166 votes |
|||
* ''Unopposed''<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 15, 2018 | title= North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Ohio|Ohio]] |
|||
| [[Jeremiah Morrow]] |
| [[Jeremiah Morrow]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1812 United States Senate election in Ohio|1812]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate election in Ohio|elected]]-->elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.<ref name=OhioSenate>{{cite book | title = Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents | last1 = Taylor | first1 = William A.| year = 1900 | publisher = The XX. Century Publishing Co. | location= [[Columbus, Ohio]] | page=[https://archive.org/details/ohioincongressfr00tayl/page/100 100] | url = https://archive.org/details/ohioincongressfr00tayl | via= [[Internet Archive]]}}</ref><br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
| {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>Winner elected in 1818 or 1819.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William A. Trimble|William Trimble]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[William A. Trimble|William Trimble]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 48 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Thomas Worthington (governor)|Thomas Worthington]] (Democratic-Republican) 25 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John E. Hamm]] (Democratic-Republican) 18 votes<ref name=OhioSenate/> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]] |
|||
| [[Abner Lacock]] |
| [[Abner Lacock]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1812 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1812]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|elected]] December 8, 1818.<ref name="Pennsylvania">{{cite web | last = Cox | first = Harold | title = Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 | work = The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project | publisher = [[Wilkes University]] | date = January 31, 2007 | url = http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1818.pdf}}</ref><br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Walter Lowrie (politician)|Walter Lowrie]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 67.97%<br/>[[Isaac Weaver, Jr.]] (Democratic-Republican) 25.00%<br/>Not Voting 6.25%<br/>[[John Tod]] (Democratic-Republican) 0.78%<ref name="Pennsylvania"/> |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Walter Lowrie (politician)|Walter Lowrie]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 87 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Isaac Weaver Jr.]] (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Not Voting 8 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John Tod]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref name="Pennsylvania"/> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#South Carolina|South Carolina]] |
|||
| [[John Gaillard]] |
| [[John Gaillard]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1812 United States Senate election in South Carolina|1812]] |
|||
| Incumbent [[United States Senate election in South Carolina |
| Incumbent <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in South Carolina|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1818.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000005 | title=GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826) | work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] | access-date=March 26, 2015}}</ref> |
||
| nowrap | |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Gaillard]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 96 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[John R. Richardson]] 61 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 16, 2018 | title= South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Vermont (Regular)|Vermont]] |
|||
| [[ |
| [[James Fisk (politician)|James Fisk]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1817 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1817 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont|elected]]-->elected October 20, 1818.<br/>Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William A. Palmer|William Palmer]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[William A. Palmer|William Palmer]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 133 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Dudley Chase]] (Federalist) 49 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[William A. Griswold]] (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Paul Brigham]] (Democratic-Republican) 5 votes<ref name=Vermont3A>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 11, 2018 | title=Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1818}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
=== Special elections during the 16th Congress === |
=== Special elections during the 16th Congress === |
||
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date. |
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date. The new Congress was seated December 6, 1819, so some of these late-elected senators were seated after that. |
||
{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
||
| Line 403: | Line 564: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Tennessee (special)|Tennessee]]<br/>(Class 1) |
|||
| [[John Eaton (politician)|John H. Eaton]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
|||
| 1818 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
|||
| Interim appointee <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected '''October 9, 1819'''. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Eaton (politician)|John H. Eaton]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 31 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[Parry Wayne Humphreys|Parry W. Humphreys]] (Democratic-Republican) 29 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 13, 2018 | title= Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! [[#Georgia (special)|Georgia]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| [[John Forsyth (Georgia)|John Forsyth]] |
| [[John Forsyth (Georgia)|John Forsyth]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1818 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1818 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become [[United States Ambassador to Spain|U.S. Minister to Spain]].<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected '''November 6, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Freeman Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Freeman Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican) |
|||
* ''Unopposed''<ref name=Georgia2B>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 11, 2018 | title=Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.special.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Kentucky (special)|Kentucky]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| [[John J. Crittenden|John Crittenden]] |
| [[John J. Crittenden|John Crittenden]] |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1816 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1816]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected '''December 10, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[Richard Mentor Johnson|Richard M. Johnson]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Richard Mentor Johnson]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 68 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[John Adair]] (Federalist) 53 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 13, 2018 | title=Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Virginia (special)|Virginia]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| [[John W. Eppes|John Eppes]] |
|||
| colspan=3 | New State |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican |
||
| [[1816 United States Senate election in Virginia|1816]] |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[William R. King]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Virginia|elected]]-->elected '''December 10, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Pleasants]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 146 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John Taliaferro]] (Democratic-Republican) 42 votes<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 13, 2018 | title= Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.a.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Alabama|Alabama]]<br/>(Class 2) |
|||
| colspan=3 | New State |
| colspan=3 | ''New State'' |
||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama|elected]]-->elected '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.''' |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | '''√ [[John Williams Walker|John W. Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>{{dm}} |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[William R. King]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 56 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John W. Walker]] (Democratic-Republican) 11 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Thomas D. Crabb]] 2 votes<ref name=Alabama2>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= April 30, 2018 | title= Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:al.ussenator.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Alabama|Alabama]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| colspan=3 | ''New State'' |
|||
| [[Alexander Contee Hanson|Alexander Hanson]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama|elected]]-->elected '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.''' |
|||
| {{party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
|||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate special elections in Maryland, 1816|1816 (Special)]] |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Williams Walker|John W. Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 59 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Thomas D. Crabb]] 7 votes |
|||
| '''√ [[William Pinkney]]''' (Democratic-Republican)<br/>(2nd-place finisher to [[Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)|Edward Lloyd]] in a combined election in which both Lloyd and Pinkney were elected to the state's two seats.)<ref name="Maryland"/> |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[George Phillips (Alabama politician)|George Phillips]] 2 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[William R. King]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref name=Alabama3>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= April 30, 2018 | title= Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3 | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:al.ussenator2.1819}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Maryland (special)|Maryland]]<br/>(Class 3) |
|||
| colspan=3 | ''Vacant'' |
|||
| [[John W. Eppes|John Eppes]] |
|||
| {{ |
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Legislature had failed to elect, see above.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland|elected]] late '''December 14, 1819''' and qualified December 21, 1819.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.''' |
||
| rowspan=2 nowrap | {{Plainlist | |
|||
| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Virginia, 1817|1817]] |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)|Edward Lloyd]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 50 votes |
|||
| nowrap {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.<br/>Winner [[United States Senate special election in Virginia, 1819|elected]] '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold. |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Pinkney]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 49 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Charles Carroll of Carrollton|Charles Carroll]] (Federalist) 37 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Robert Henry Goldsborough|Robert Goldsborough]] (Federalist) 34 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Federalist Party}}[[Charles Goldsborough]] (Federalist) 4 votes |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)|Samuel Smith]] (Unknown) 1 vote |
|||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic-Republican Party}}[[John Graham (Maryland)|John Graham]] (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote<ref name=Maryland3>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | access-date= May 6, 2018 | title= Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.us.senator.1819}}</ref><ref name="Maryland">{{cite web | url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122868 | title=MD US Senate | date=August 30, 2004 | access-date=March 24, 2015 | work=Our Campaigns}}</ref> |
|||
}} |
|||
|- |
|||
! [[#Maryland (special)|Maryland]]<br/>(Class 1) |
|||
| [[Alexander Contee Hanson|Alexander Hanson]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist |
|||
| [[1816 United States Senate special elections in Maryland|1816 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
|||
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent died April 23, 1819.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate special election in Maryland|elected]] '''December 14, 1819''' and qualified December 21, 1819.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.''' |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
== Alabama == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in Alabama}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Alabama}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Connecticut == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in Connecticut}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Georgia == |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Georgia}} |
|||
=== Georgia (regular) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in Georgia}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
=== Georgia (specials) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1819 United States Senate special election in Georgia}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Illinois == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate elections in Illinois|1819 United States Senate election in Illinois}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Illinois}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Indiana == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate election in Indiana}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Indiana}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Kentucky == |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Louisiana}} |
|||
=== Kentucky (regular) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in Kentucky}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
=== Kentucky (special) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate special election in Kentucky}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Louisiana == |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Louisiana}} |
|||
=== Louisiana (regular) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in Louisiana}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
=== Louisiana (special) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate special election in Louisiana}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Maryland == |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
|||
{{Main|1819 United States Senate special election in Maryland}} |
|||
{{Main|1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''49''' |
|||
| colour1 = AACC99 |
|||
| percentage1 = '''27.84%''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic-Republican |
|||
| candidate1 = '''[[William Pinkney]]''' |
|||
| image1 = William Pinkney (NYPL Hades-256737-EM15101) (cropped).jpg |
|||
| popular_vote2 = '''50''' |
|||
| colour2 = AACC99 |
|||
| percentage2 = '''28.41%''' |
|||
| party2 = Democratic-Republican |
|||
| candidate2 = '''[[Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)|Edward Lloyd]]''' |
|||
| image2 = Edwardlloydofmaryland.jpg |
|||
| next_year = 1821 |
|||
| next_election = 1821 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1816 |
|||
| previous_election = 1816 United States Senate special elections in Maryland |
|||
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] |
|||
| vote_type = Legislative |
|||
| election_date = December 14, 1819 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
}} |
|||
Due to both the Class 3 seat falling vacant at the normal end of the term and the Class 1 seat falling vacant due to the death of [[Alexander Contee Hanson]], the legislature voted for both seats simultaneously. [[Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)|Edward Lloyd]] received the most votes and won the Class 3 seat. [[William Pinkney]] received the second-most votes and won the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122867|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 14, 1819|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Massachusetts (special) == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== New Hampshire == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in New Hampshire}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Hampshire}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== New York == |
|||
{{Main|1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York}} |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from New York}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== North Carolina == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate election in North Carolina}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from North Carolina}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Ohio == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate election in Ohio}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Ohio}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Pennsylvania == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Pennsylvania}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== South Carolina == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate election in South Carolina}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Tennessee (special) == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate special election in Tennessee}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Tennessee}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Vermont == |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Vermont}} |
|||
=== Vermont (regular) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate election in Vermont}}--> |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
=== Vermont (special) === |
|||
<!--{{Main|1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Vermont}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== Virginia (special) == |
|||
<!--{{Main|1819 United States Senate special election in Virginia}}--> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2019}} |
|||
== See also == |
== See also == |
||
* [[United States elections |
* [[1818 United States elections]] |
||
** [[United States House of Representatives elections |
** [[1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections]] |
||
* [[16th United States Congress]] |
* [[16th United States Congress]] |
||
* [[17th United States Congress]] |
* [[17th United States Congress]] |
||
| Line 456: | Line 801: | ||
== References == |
== References == |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
* [ |
* [https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/history/one_item_and_teasers/partydiv.htm Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present], via Senate.gov |
||
{{United States Senate elections}} |
{{United States Senate elections}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:1818-19 United States Senate elections}} |
|||
[[Category:United States Senate elections |
[[Category:1818 United States Senate elections| ]] |
||
[[Category:1819 United States Senate elections| ]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 02:01, 22 May 2024
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 22 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results: Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Legislature Failed To Elect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 1818–19 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1818 and 1819, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Democratic-Republican Party gained two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.
Results summary
[edit]Senate party division, 16th Congress (1819–1821)
- Majority party: Democratic-Republican (30–37)
- Minority party: Federalist (9)
- Vacant: 3–0
- Total seats: 42–46
Change in composition
[edit]Before the elections
[edit]After the admission of Illinois.
| DR1 | |||||||||
| DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 Ill. New seat |
DR2 |
| DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 Ill. Ran |
DR21 Ind. Ran |
| Majority → | DR22 N.C. Ran | ||||||||
| F12 N.Y. Ran |
DR30 Vt. Resigned |
DR29 Pa. Retired |
DR28 Ohio Retired |
DR27 La. Retired |
DR26 N.H. Unknown |
DR25 Ky. Unknown |
DR24 Ga. Unknown |
DR23 S.C. Ran | |
| F11 Md. Ran |
F10 Conn. Ran |
F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 |
| F1 | |||||||||
Result of the general elections
[edit]| DR1 | |||||||||
| DR11 | DR10 | DR9 | DR8 | DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 |
| DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 Ill. Re-elected |
DR21 Ind. Re-elected |
| Majority → | DR22 N.C. Re-elected | ||||||||
| DR31 Conn. Gain |
DR30 Vt. Hold |
DR29 Pa. Hold |
DR28 Ohio Hold |
DR27 N.H. Hold |
DR26 La. Hold |
DR25 Ky. Hold |
DR24 Ga. Hold |
DR23 S.C. Re-elected | |
| V1 N.Y. F Loss |
V2 Md. F Loss |
F9 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 |
| F1 | |||||||||
Results of the 1819 special elections
[edit]| DR1 | DR2 | ||||||||
| DR12 | DR11 | DR10 Va. Hold |
DR9 Tenn. Hold |
DR8 Ky. Hold |
DR7 Ga. Hold |
DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 |
| DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 | DR18 | DR19 | DR20 | DR21 | DR22 |
| Majority → | DR23 | ||||||||
| DR32 Ala. Cl.2 New seat |
DR31 | DR30 | DR29 | DR28 | DR27 | DR26 | DR25 | DR24 | |
| DR33 Ala. Cl.3 New seat |
DR34 Md. Cl.1 Gain |
DR35 Md. Cl.3 Gain |
V1 | F8 | F7 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 |
| F2 | F1 | ||||||||
| Key: |
|
|---|
Race summaries
[edit]Special elections during the 15th Congress
[edit]In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Louisiana (Class 2) |
William C. C. Claiborne | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent died November 23, 1817. New senator elected January 12, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Eli P. Ashmun | Federalist | 1816 (special) | Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818. New senator elected June 5, 1818. Federalist hold. |
|
| Illinois (Class 3) |
New State | New State. New senators elected October 7, 1818[4] on the first and third ballot. Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2. The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819, see below. Two Democratic-Republican gains. |
First ballot:
| ||
| Illinois (Class 2) | |||||
| Vermont (Class 3) |
James Fisk | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (special) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. New senator elected October 20, 1818 to finish the term. Winner also elected to the following term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Georgia (Class 2) |
George M. Troup | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (special) 1816 |
Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818. New senator elected November 7, 1818 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Races leading to the 16th Congress
[edit]In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | David Daggett | Federalist | 1813 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Georgia | Charles Tait | Democratic-Republican | 1809 (special) 1813 |
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected November 11, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Illinois | Ninian Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected in early February 1819.[4] |
|
| Indiana | Waller Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected December 16, 1818. |
|
| Kentucky | Isham Talbot | Democratic-Republican | 1814 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected December 17, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Louisiana | Eligius Fromentin | Democratic-Republican | 1813 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected on January 11, 1819, on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Maryland | Robert Goldsborough | Federalist | 1813 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant. Federalist loss. |
None. |
| New Hampshire | Clement Storer | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1818 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York | Rufus King | Federalist | 1813 | Incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant. Federalist loss. Incumbent would later be re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress. |
|
| North Carolina | Nathaniel Macon | Democratic-Republican | 1815 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[18] |
|
| Ohio | Jeremiah Morrow | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.[20] Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania | Abner Lacock | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1818.[21] Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent re-elected in 1818.[22] |
|
| Vermont | James Fisk | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (special) | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. New senator elected October 20, 1818. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Special elections during the 16th Congress
[edit]In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date. The new Congress was seated December 6, 1819, so some of these late-elected senators were seated after that.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
John H. Eaton | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 9, 1819. |
|
| Georgia (Class 2) |
John Forsyth | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (special) | Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain. New senator elected November 6, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky (Class 2) |
John Crittenden | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice. New senator elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia (Class 2) |
John Eppes | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health. New senator elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Alabama (Class 2) |
New State | New State. New senator elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Alabama (Class 3) |
New State | New State. New senator elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Maryland (Class 3) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
| Maryland (Class 1) |
Alexander Hanson | Federalist | 1816 (special) | Incumbent died April 23, 1819. New senator elected December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain. | |
Alabama
[edit]![[icon]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Connecticut
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Georgia
[edit]Georgia (regular)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Georgia (specials)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Illinois
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Indiana
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Kentucky
[edit]Kentucky (regular)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Kentucky (special)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Louisiana
[edit]Louisiana (regular)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Louisiana (special)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Maryland
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
| ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||
Due to both the Class 3 seat falling vacant at the normal end of the term and the Class 1 seat falling vacant due to the death of Alexander Contee Hanson, the legislature voted for both seats simultaneously. Edward Lloyd received the most votes and won the Class 3 seat. William Pinkney received the second-most votes and won the Class 1 seat.[33]
Massachusetts (special)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
New Hampshire
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
New York
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
North Carolina
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Ohio
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Pennsylvania
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
South Carolina
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Tennessee (special)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Vermont
[edit]Vermont (regular)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Vermont (special)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
Virginia (special)
[edit] | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019) |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Buck, Solon J. (1917). Bill Thayer (ed.). "Illinois in 1818". University of Illinois Press. p. 304. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
- ^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- ^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ "Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ "Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ "Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ "New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- ^ "New York 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
- ^ "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- ^ a b Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 100 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- ^ "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
- ^ "South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
- ^ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ "Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
- ^ "Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ "Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
- ^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
- ^ "Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- ^ "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 30, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2015.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 14, 1819". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov