1818–19 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions

1818 and 1819 United States Senate elections
14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 22 seats needed for a majority
Majority party before election; Democratic-Republican;	Elected Majority party ; Democratic-Republican;

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The United States Senate elections of 1818 and 1819 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 16th Congress (1819–1821)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (30–37)
Minority Party: Federalist (9)
Vacant: 3–0
Total Seats: 42–46

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the admission of Illinois.

									DR₁
DR₁₁	DR₁₀	DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃ Ill. New seat	DR₂
DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈	DR₁₉	DR₂₀ Ill. Ran	DR₂₁ Ind. Ran
Majority →									DR₂₂ N.C. Ran
F₁₂ N.Y. Ran	DR₃₀ Vt. Resigned	DR₂₉ Pa. Retired	DR₂₈ Ohio Retired	DR₂₇ La. Retired	DR₂₆ N.H. Unknown	DR₂₅ Ky. Unknown	DR₂₄ Ga. Unknown	DR₂₃ S.C. Ran	DR₂₂ N.C. Ran
F₁₁ Md. Ran	F₁₀ Conn. Ran	F₉	F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂
									F₁

Result of the general elections

									DR₁
DR₁₁	DR₁₀	DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂
DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈	DR₁₉	DR₂₀ Ill. Re-elected	DR₂₁ Ind. Re-elected
Majority →									DR₂₂ N.C. Re-elected
DR₃₁ Conn. Gain	DR₃₀ Vt. Hold	DR₂₉ Pa. Hold	DR₂₈ Ohio Hold	DR₂₇ N.H. Hold	DR₂₆ La. Hold	DR₂₅ Ky. Hold	DR₂₄ Ga. Hold	DR₂₃ S.C. Re-elected	DR₂₂ N.C. Re-elected
V₁ N.Y. F Loss	V₂ Md. F Loss	F₉	F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂
									F₁

Results of the 1819 special elections

								DR₁	DR₂
DR₁₂	DR₁₁	DR₁₀ Va. Hold	DR₉ Tenn. Hold	DR₈ Ky. Hold	DR₇ Ga. Hold	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃
DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈	DR₁₉	DR₂₀	DR₂₁	DR₂₂
Majority →									DR₂₃
DR₃₂ Ala. Cl.2 New seat	DR₃₁	DR₃₀	DR₂₉	DR₂₈	DR₂₇	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃
DR₃₃ Ala. Cl.3 New seat	DR₃₄ Md. Cl.1 Gain	DR₃₅ Md. Cl.3 Gain	V₁	F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃
								F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 15th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 2)	William C. C. Claiborne	Democratic-Republican	1817	Incumbent died November 23, 1817. New senator elected January 12, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y Henry Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 30 votes Mr. Livingston 5 votes John MacDonough 4 votes Dr. Hood 2 votes^[1]
Massachusetts (Class 1)	Eli P. Ashmun	Federalist	1816 (Special)	Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818. New senator elected June 5, 1818. Federalist hold.	Y Prentiss Mellen (Democratic-Republican) 85 votes William King 37 votes James Bridge 2 votes Mark L. Hill 1 vote^[2]
Illinois (Class 3)	New State			New State. New senators elected October 7, 1818^[3] on the first and third ballot. Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2. The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819, see below. Two Democratic-Republican gains.	First ballot: Y Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes^[3] Leonard White 17 votes Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 15 votes Michael Jones 10 votes Joseph M. Street 3 votes Robert Morrison 3 votes^[4] Second ballot: Leonard White 16 votes Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 14 votes Michael Jones 10 votes^[5] Third ballot: Y Jesse B. Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes Leonard White 18 votes Michael Jones 1 vote^[6]
Illinois (Class 2)	New State
Vermont (Class 3)	James Fisk	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Special)	Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. New senator elected October 20, 1818 to finish the term. Winner also elected to the following term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) 116 votes Dudley Chase (Federalist) 54 votes William A. Griswold (Democratic-Republican) 11 votes Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes Scattering 4 votes^[7]
Georgia (Class 2)	George M. Troup	Democratic-Republican	1816 (Special) 1816	Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818. New senator elected November 7, 1818 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 86 votes Nicholas Ware 29 votes John M. Dooley 10 votes^[8]

Races leading to the 16th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	David Daggett	Federalist	1813 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican gain.	Y James Lanman (Democratic-Republican) 114 votes David Daggett (Federalist) 84 votes Elijah Boardman (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes Nathan Smith (Democratic-Republican) 3 votes William Bristol (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote^[9]
Georgia	Charles Tait	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special) 1813	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected November 11, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y John Elliot (Democratic-Republican) 72 John Forsyth (Democratic-Republican) 53 votes^[10]
Illinois	Ninian Edwards	Democratic-Republican	1818	Incumbent re-elected in early February 1819.^[3]	Y Ninian Edwards (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes Michael Jones 19 votes^[11]^[3]
Indiana	Waller Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1816	Incumbent re-elected December 16, 1818.	Y Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes James Scott 15 votes Isaac Blackford 2 votes^[12]
Kentucky	Isham Talbot	Democratic-Republican	1814 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected December 17, 1818. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y William Logan (Democratic-Republican) 67 votes Richard M. Johnson 55 votes^[13]
Louisiana	Eligius Fromentin	Democratic-Republican	1813	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 11, 1819 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y James Brown (Democratic-Republican) John McDonough 9 votes A. L. Duncan 12 votes Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote^[14]
Maryland	Robert Goldsborough	Federalist	1813 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant. Federalist loss.	None.
New Hampshire	Clement Storer	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1818 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y John Fabyan Parrott (Democratic-Republican) 97 votes William Plumer 54 votes Jeremiah Smith 11 votes Josiah Butler 5 votes Clement Storer 1 vote^[15]
New York	Rufus King	Federalist	1813	Incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect and the seat became vacant. Federalist loss. Incumbent would later be re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.	John C. Spencer (Democratic-Republican: Clintonian) Philetus Swift Rufus King (Federalist) John Van Ness Yates (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail) John Wells (Federalist) Samuel Young (Democratic-Republican: Bucktail)^[16]
North Carolina	Nathaniel Macon	Democratic-Republican	1815 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1818.^[17]	Y Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 166 votes Unopposed^[18]
Ohio	Jeremiah Morrow	Democratic-Republican	1812	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.^[19] Democratic-Republican hold.	Y William Trimble (Democratic-Republican) 48 votes Thomas Worthington 25 votes John Hamm 18 votes^[19]
Pennsylvania	Abner Lacock	Democratic-Republican	1812	Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1818.^[20] Democratic-Republican hold.	Y Walter Lowrie (Democratic-Republican) 87 votes Isaac Weaver, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes Not Voting 8 votes John Tod (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote^[20]
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic-Republican	1812	Incumbent re-elected in 1818.^[21]	Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 96 votes John R. Richardson 61 votes^[22]
Vermont	James Fisk	Democratic-Republican	1817 (Special)	Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont. New senator elected October 20, 1818. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y William Palmer (Democratic-Republican) 133 votes Dudley Chase (Federalist) 49 votes William A. Griswold (Democratic-Republican) 7 votes Paul Brigham (Democratic-Republican) 5 votes^[23]

Special elections during the 16th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date. The new Congress was seated December 6, 1819, so some of these late-elected senators were seated after that.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 1)	John H. Eaton	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected October 9, 1819.	Y John H. Eaton (Democratic-Republican) 31 votes Parry W. Humphreys 29 votes^[24]
Georgia (Class 2)	John Forsyth	Democratic-Republican	1818 (Special)	Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain. New senator elected November 6, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y Freeman Walker (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed^[25]
Kentucky (Class 2)	John Crittenden	Democratic-Republican	1816	Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice. New senator elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican) 68 votes John Adair (Federalist) 53 votes^[26]
Virginia (Class 2)	John Eppes	Democratic-Republican	1816	Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health. New senator elected December 10, 1819. Democratic-Republican hold.	Y James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) 146 votes John Taliaferro 42 votes^[27]
Alabama (Class 2)	New State			New State. New senator elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	Y William R. King (Democratic-Republican) 56 votes John W. Walker 11 votes Thomas D. Crabb 2 votes^[28]
Alabama (Class 3)	New State			New State. New senator elected December 14, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	Y John W. Walker (Democratic-Republican) 59 votes Thomas D. Crabb 7 votes George Phillips 2 votes William R. King 1 vote^[29]
Maryland (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.	Y Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 50 votes Y William Pinkney (Democratic-Republican) 49 votes Charles Carroll (Federalist) 37 votes Robert Goldsborough (Federalist) 34 votes Charles Goldsborough (Federalist) 4 votes Samuel Smith (Unknown) 1 vote John Graham (Democratic-Republican) 1 vote^[30]^[31]
Maryland (Class 1)	Alexander Hanson	Federalist	1816 (Special)	Incumbent died April 23, 1819. New senator elected December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819. Democratic-Republican gain.

References

^ "Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
^ "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Buck, Solon J. (1917). Bill Thayer (ed.). "Illinois in 1818". University of Illinois Press. p. 304. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^ "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
^ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
^ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
^ "Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
^ "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
^ "Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
^ "Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
^ "Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
^ "Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
^ "New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
^ "New York 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
^ "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
^ "North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 100 – via Google Books.
^ ^a ^b Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
^ "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
^ "South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
^ "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
^ "Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
^ "Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
^ "Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
^ "Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
^ "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
^ "Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
^ "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 30, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2015.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

[Louisiana2-1] "Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.

[Massachusetts1-2] "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.

[Buck-3] Buck, Solon J. (1917). Bill Thayer (ed.). "Illinois in 1818". University of Illinois Press. p. 304. Retrieved March 23, 2015.

[4] "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.

[5] "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved November 4, 2019.

[6] "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.

[Vermont3B-7] "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.

[Georgia2A-8] "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.

[ConnecticutSenate1818-9] "Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.

[Georgia3-10] "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.

[11] "Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.

[12] "Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.

[13] "Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.

[14] "Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 14, 2018.

[15] "New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

[16] "New York 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.

[17] "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

[18] "North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

[OhioSenate-19] Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 100 – via Google Books.

[Pennsylvania-20] Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.

[21] "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

[22] "South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 16, 2018.

[Vermont3A-23] "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.

[24] "Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.

[Georgia2B-25] "Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 11, 2018.

[26] "Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.

[27] "Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 13, 2018.

[Alabama2-28] "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.

[Alabama3-29] "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved April 30, 2018.

[Maryland3-30] "Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved May 6, 2018.

[Maryland-31] "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 30, 2004. Retrieved March 24, 2015.

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@@ Line 281: / Line 281: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1817 United States Senate election in Louisiana|1817]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent died November 23, 1817.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|elected]] '''January 12, 1818'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent died November 23, 1817.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected '''January 12, 1818'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)|Henry Johnson]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 30 votes
@@ Line 294: / Line 294: @@
 | {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
 | [[1816 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1816 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|elected]] '''June 5, 1818'''.<br/>Federalist hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|elected]]-->elected '''June 5, 1818'''.<br/>Federalist hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Prentiss Mellen]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 85 votes
@@ Line 305: / Line 305: @@
 ! [[#Illinois|Illinois]]<br/>(Class 3)
 | colspan=3 | New State
-| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senators [[1818 United States Senate elections in Illinois|elected]] '''October 7, 1818'''<ref name="Buck"/> on the first and third ballot. Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2. The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819, see below.<br/>'''Two Democratic-Republican gains.'''
+| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senators <!--[[1818 United States Senate elections in Illinois|elected]]-->elected '''October 7, 1818'''<ref name="Buck"/> on the first and third ballot. Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2. The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819, see below.<br/>'''Two Democratic-Republican gains.'''
 | nowrap rowspan=2 | '''{{Small|First ballot}}:'''<br/>{{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Ninian Edwards]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 32 votes<ref name="Buck">{{cite web | first=Solon J. | last=Buck | date=1917 | title=Illinois in 1818 | publisher=[[University of Illinois Press]] | page=304 | editor=Bill Thayer | url=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Illinois/_Texts/Centennial_History/Illinois_in_1818/home.html | accessdate=March 23, 2015}}</ref>
@@ Line 332: / Line 332: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1817 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1817 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont|elected]] '''October 20, 1818''' to finish the term.<br/>Winner also elected to the following term, see below.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont|elected]]-->elected '''October 20, 1818''' to finish the term.<br/>Winner also elected to the following term, see below.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[William A. Palmer|William Palmer]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 116 votes
@@ Line 346: / Line 346: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1816 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1816 {{Small|(Special)}}]]<br/>[[1816 United States Senate election in Georgia|1816]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate special election in Georgia|elected]] '''November 7, 1818''' on the fourth ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected '''November 7, 1818''' on the fourth ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[John Forsyth (Georgia)|John Forsyth]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 86 votes
@@ Line 377: / Line 377: @@
 | {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
 | [[1813 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|1813 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate election in Connecticut|elected]] October 22, 1818 on the third ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.'''
+| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Connecticut|elected]]-->elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.'''
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[James Lanman]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 114 votes
@@ Line 391: / Line 391: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1809 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1809 {{Small|(Special)}}]]<br/>[[1813 United States Senate election in Georgia|1813]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate election in Georgia|elected]] November 11, 1818.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected November 11, 1818.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[John Elliott (Georgia)|John Elliot]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 72
@@ Line 402: / Line 402: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1818 United States Senate elections in Illinois|1818]]
-| Incumbent [[1819 United States Senate election in Illinois|re-elected]] in early February 1819.<ref name="Buck"/>
+| Incumbent <!--[[1819 United States Senate election in Illinois|re-elected]]-->re-elected in early February 1819.<ref name="Buck"/>
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Ninian Edwards]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 23 votes
@@ Line 413: / Line 413: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1816 United States Senate elections in Indiana|1816]]
-| Incumbent [[1818 United States Senate election in Indiana|re-elected]] December 16, 1818.
+| Incumbent <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Indiana|re-elected]]-->re-elected December 16, 1818.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Waller Taylor]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 21 votes
@@ Line 425: / Line 425: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1814 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1814 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]] December 17, 1818.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected December 17, 1818.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[William Logan (Kentuckian)|William Logan]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 67 votes
@@ Line 436: / Line 436: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1813 United States Senate election in Louisiana|1813]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate election in Louisiana|elected]] in January 11, 1819 on the second ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected in January 11, 1819 on the second ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[James Brown (Louisiana)|James Brown]]''' (Democratic-Republican)
@@ Line 449: / Line 449: @@
 | {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
 | [[1813 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1813 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Federalist loss'''.
+| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature [[1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland|failed to elect]] and the seat became vacant.<br/>'''Federalist loss'''.
 | None.
@@ Line 457: / Line 457: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1817 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire|1817 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|elected]] in 1818 on the third ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|elected]]-->elected in 1818 on the third ballot.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[John Fabyan Parrott]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 97 votes
@@ Line 471: / Line 471: @@
 | {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalist
 | [[1813 United States Senate election in New York|1813]]
-| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>[[1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York|Legislature failed to elect]] and the seat became vacant.<br/>'''Federalist loss.'''<br/>Incumbent would later be re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.
+| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent ran for re-election.<br/>Legislature [[1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York|failed to elect]] and the seat became vacant.<br/>'''Federalist loss.'''<br/>Incumbent would later be re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.
 | [[John C. Spencer]] (Democratic-Republican: [[DeWitt Clinton|Clintonian]])<br/>[[Philetus Swift]]<br/>[[Rufus King]] (Federalist)<br/>[[John Van Ness Yates]] (Democratic-Republican: [[Bucktails|Bucktail]])<br/>[[John Wells (New York politician)|John Wells]] (Federalist)<br/>[[Samuel Young (New York)|Samuel Young]] (Democratic-Republican: [[Bucktails|Bucktail]])<ref>{{cite web | publisher= [[Tufts University]] | work= Tufts Digital Collations and Archives | series= A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 | accessdate= May 16, 2018 | title= New York 1819 U.S. Senate | url= https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1819}}</ref>
@@ Line 479: / Line 479: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1815 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|1815 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| Incumbent [[1818 United States Senate election in North Carolina|re-elected]] in 1818.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000034 | title=MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837) | work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] | accessdate=March 26, 2015}}</ref>
+| Incumbent <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in North Carolina|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1818.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000034 | title=MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837) | work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] | accessdate=March 26, 2015}}</ref>
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Nathaniel Macon]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 166 votes
@@ Line 490: / Line 490: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1812 United States Senate election in Ohio|1812]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate election in Ohio|elected]] January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.<ref name=OhioSenate>{{cite book | title = Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents | last1 = Taylor | first1 = William A.| year = 1900 | publisher = The XX. Century Publishing Co. | location= [[Columbus, Ohio]] | page=100 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLITAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | via= [[Google Books]]}}</ref><br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate election in Ohio|elected]]-->elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.<ref name=OhioSenate>{{cite book | title = Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents | last1 = Taylor | first1 = William A.| year = 1900 | publisher = The XX. Century Publishing Co. | location= [[Columbus, Ohio]] | page=100 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLITAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false | via= [[Google Books]]}}</ref><br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[William A. Trimble|William Trimble]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 48 votes
@@ Line 515: / Line 515: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1812 United States Senate election in South Carolina|1812]]
-| Incumbent [[1818 United States Senate election in South Carolina|re-elected]] in 1818.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000005 | title=GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826) | work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] | accessdate=March 26, 2015}}</ref>
+| Incumbent <!--[[1818 United States Senate election in South Carolina|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1818.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000005 | title=GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826) | work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] | accessdate=March 26, 2015}}</ref>
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[John Gaillard]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 96 votes
@@ Line 526: / Line 526: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1817 United States Senate special election in Vermont|1817 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>New senator [[1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont|elected]] October 20, 1818.<br/>Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.<br/>New senator <!--[[1818 United States Senate special election in Vermont|elected]]-->elected October 20, 1818.<br/>Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[William A. Palmer|William Palmer]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 133 votes
@@ Line 556: / Line 556: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | 1818 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
-| Interim appointee [[1819 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]] '''October 9, 1819'''.
+| Interim appointee <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected '''October 9, 1819'''.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[John Eaton (politician)|John H. Eaton]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 31 votes
@@ Line 567: / Line 567: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1818 United States Senate special election in Georgia|1818 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become [[United States Ambassador to Spain|U.S. Minister to Spain]].<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate special election in Georgia|elected]] '''November 6, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become [[United States Ambassador to Spain|U.S. Minister to Spain]].<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected '''November 6, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Freeman Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican)
@@ Line 578: / Line 578: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1816 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1816]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|elected]] '''December 10, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected '''December 10, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[Richard Mentor Johnson|Richard M. Johnson]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 68 votes
@@ Line 589: / Line 589: @@
 | {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-Republican
 | [[1816 United States Senate election in Virginia|1816]]
-| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate special election in Virginia|elected]] '''December 10, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
+| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate special election in Virginia|elected]]-->elected '''December 10, 1819'''.<br/>Democratic-Republican hold.
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[James Pleasants]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 146 votes
@@ Line 599: / Line 599: @@
 ! [[#Alabama|Alabama]]<br/>(Class 2)
 | colspan=3 | New State
-| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama|elected]] '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.'''
+| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama|elected]]-->elected '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.'''
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[William R. King]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 56 votes
@@ Line 609: / Line 609: @@
 ! [[#Alabama|Alabama]]<br/>(Class 3)
 | colspan=3 | New State
-| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senator [[1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama|elected]] '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.'''
+| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | New State.<br/>New senator <!--[[1819 United States Senate elections in Alabama|elected]]-->elected '''December 14, 1819'''.<br/>'''Democratic-Republican gain.'''
 | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
 * {{Aye}} '''[[John Williams Walker|John W. Walker]]''' (Democratic-Republican) 59 votes