1850–51 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions
Short description Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
StefenTower (talk | contribs) m Typo fixing + cleanups, typo(s) fixed: March 15, 1851 → March 15, 1851, |
||
(31 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{ |
{{Short description|none}} |
||
{{For|related races|1850 United States elections}} |
|||
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}} |
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}} |
||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
| election_name |
| election_name = 1850–51 United States Senate elections |
||
| country |
| country = United States |
||
| flag_year |
| flag_year = 1848 |
||
| type |
| type = legislative |
||
| ongoing |
| > |
||
| previous_election |
| previous_election = 1848–49 United States Senate elections |
||
| previous_year |
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1848 & 1849}} |
||
| next_election |
| next_election = 1852–53 United States Senate elections |
||
| next_year |
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1852 & 1853}} |
||
| seats_for_election = 21 of the 62 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections) |
| seats_for_election = 21 of the 62 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections) |
||
| majority_seats |
| majority_seats = 32 |
||
| election_date |
| election_date = Various dates |
||
| image_size |
| image_size = 100px |
||
| 1blank |
| 1blank = Seats up |
||
| party1 = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| last_election1 = '''33 seats''' |
|||
| party1 = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| seats_before1 = '''35''' |
|||
| image1 = |
|||
| |
| seats1 = '''12''' |
||
| |
| seats_after1 = '''33''' |
||
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 2 |
|||
| seats1 = '''12''' |
|||
| 1data1 = 14 |
|||
| seats_after1 = '''33''' |
|||
| party2 = Whig Party (US) |
|||
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 2 |
|||
| last_election2 = 25 seats |
|||
| 1data1 = 14 |
|||
| seats_before2 = 25 |
|||
| seats2 = 4 |
|||
| party2 = Whig Party (US) |
|||
| seats_after2 = 22 |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3 |
|||
| last_election2 = 25 seats |
|||
| 1data2 = 7 |
|||
| seats_before2 = 25 |
|||
| party3 = Free Soil Party |
|||
| seats2 = 4 |
|||
| last_election3 = 1 seat |
|||
| seats_after2 = 22 |
|||
| seats_before3 = 2 |
|||
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3 |
|||
| |
| seats3 = 0 |
||
| seats_after3 = 2 |
|||
| seat_change3 = {{steady}} |
|||
| party3 = Free Soil Party |
|||
| |
| 1data3 = 0 |
||
| title = Majority party |
|||
| last_election3 = 1 seat |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| seats_before3 = 2 |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| seats3 = 0 |
|||
| map_image = File:1850senatemap.svg |
|||
| seats_after3 = 2 |
|||
| map_caption = '''Results:'''<br />{{Legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{Legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}} <br />{{Legend0|#c49213|Whig gain}} |
|||
| seat_change3 = {{steady}} |
|||
{{Legend0|#f3d586|Whig hold}}<br />{{legend0|#000000|Legislature failed to elect}} |
|||
| 1data3 = 0 |
|||
| map_size = 380px |
|||
| title = Majority party |
|||
| before_election = |
|||
| before_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
| after_election = |
|||
| after_party = Democratic Party (US) |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
The '''1850–51 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1850 and 1851, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 1]]. |
|||
The '''United States Senate elections of 1850 and 1851''' were elections which had the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] lose seats, but retain a majority in the [[United States Senate]]. |
|||
The [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] lost seats, but retained a majority in the Senate. |
|||
As this election was prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], Senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. |
|||
== Results summary == |
== Results summary == |
||
Senate |
Senate party division, [[32nd United States Congress|32nd Congress]] (1851–1853) |
||
* Majority |
* Majority party: Democratic (34–35) |
||
* Minority |
* Minority party: Whig Party (21–23) |
||
* Other |
* Other parties: Free Soiler (2–3) |
||
* '''Total |
* '''Total seats: 62''' |
||
== Change in composition == |
== Change in composition == |
||
Line 377: | Line 371: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Maryland ( |
! [[#Maryland (special)|Maryland]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| [[David Stewart (Maryland Senator)|David Stewart]] |
| [[David Stewart (Maryland Senator)|David Stewart]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
Line 383: | Line 377: | ||
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>Winner [[1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland|elected]] '''January 12, 1850'''.<br/>Whig hold.<br/>Winner was elected to the next term, see below. |
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired.<br/>Winner [[1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland|elected]] '''January 12, 1850'''.<br/>Whig hold.<br/>Winner was elected to the next term, see below. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]]''' (Whig) 57 votes |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[David Stewart (Maryland politician)|David Stewart]] (Democratic) 38 votes |
|||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
* Blank 2 votes<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=January 12, 1850 |title=The Senatorial Election in Maryland |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82003410/1850-01-12/ed-1/seq-3/ |work=The daily union |location=Washington, D.C. |page=3 |access-date=31 October 2022 }}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Massachusetts ( |
! [[#Massachusetts (special)|Massachusetts]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| [[Robert C. Winthrop]] |
| [[Robert C. Winthrop]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
Line 394: | Line 389: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|elected]] '''February 1, 1851'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.<br/>Winner was not elected to the next term, see below. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|elected]] '''February 1, 1851'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.<br/>Winner was not elected to the next term, see below. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert Rantoul Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert Rantoul Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[Robert C. Winthrop]] (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Robert C. Winthrop]] (Whig) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 423: | Line 418: | ||
| [[Roger Sherman Baldwin]] |
| [[Roger Sherman Baldwin]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| 1847 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1848 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|1848 {{Small|( |
| 1847 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1848 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|1848 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election or retired.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Whig loss'''<br/>Seat would not be filled [[1852 and 1853 United States Senate elections|until 1852]]. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election or retired.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Whig loss'''<br/>Seat would not be filled [[1852 and 1853 United States Senate elections|until 1852]]. |
||
| {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
| {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
Line 433: | Line 428: | ||
| [[1850 United States Senate elections in California|1850]] |
| [[1850 United States Senate elections in California|1850]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would not be filled [[1852 United States Senate special election in California|until 1852]]. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would not be filled [[1852 United States Senate special election in California|until 1852]]. |
||
| {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[John C. Frémont]] (Democratic)<br/>{{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
| {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John C. Frémont]] (Democratic)<br/>{{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 439: | Line 434: | ||
| [[John Wales]] |
| [[John Wales]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[1849 United States Senate special election in Delaware|1849 {{Small|( |
| [[1849 United States Senate special election in Delaware|1849 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Delaware|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Delaware|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[James A. Bayard Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James A. Bayard Jr.]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[John Wales]] (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[John Wales]] (Whig) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 454: | Line 449: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Florida|elected]] in 1851.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Florida|elected]] in 1851.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Stephen Mallory]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Stephen Mallory]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[David Levy Yulee]] (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[David Levy Yulee]] (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 466: | Line 461: | ||
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Indiana|re-elected]] in 1850. |
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Indiana|re-elected]] in 1850. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Jesse D. Bright]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Jesse D. Bright]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 474: | Line 469: | ||
| [[Hannibal Hamlin]] |
| [[Hannibal Hamlin]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1848 United States Senate special election in Maine|1848 {{Small|( |
| [[1848 United States Senate special election in Maine|1848 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent [[1851 United States Senate election in Maine|re-elected]] in 1851. |
| Incumbent [[1851 United States Senate election in Maine|re-elected]] in 1851. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Hannibal Hamlin]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Hannibal Hamlin]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 485: | Line 480: | ||
| [[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]] |
| [[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1850 {{Small|( |
| [[1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland|1850 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent [[ |
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Maryland|re-elected]] '''January 12, 1850'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]]''' (Whig) 54 votes |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[David Stewart (Maryland politician)|David Stewart]] (Democratic) 2 votes |
|||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
|||
* Blank 33 votes<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=January 12, 1850 |title=The Senatorial Election in Maryland |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82003410/1850-01-12/ed-1/seq-3/ |work=The daily union |location=Washington, D.C. |page=3 |access-date=31 October 2022 }}</ref> |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 496: | Line 492: | ||
| [[Robert Rantoul Jr.]] |
| [[Robert Rantoul Jr.]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1851 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1851 {{Small|( |
| [[1851 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1851 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election or retired.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would later be filled on April 24, 1851, [[#Elections during the 32nd Congress|see below]]. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election or retired.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would later be filled on April 24, 1851, [[#Elections during the 32nd Congress|see below]]. |
||
| {{Party stripe|Free Soil}}[[Charles Sumner]] (Free Soil)<br/>{{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
| {{Party stripe|Free Soil Party}}[[Charles Sumner]] (Free Soil)<br/>{{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 504: | Line 500: | ||
| [[Lewis Cass]] |
| [[Lewis Cass]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| 1844 or 1845<br/>1848 {{Small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1849 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1849 {{Small|( |
| 1844 or 1845<br/>1848 {{Small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1849 United States Senate special election in Michigan|1849 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent re-elected in 1850 or 1851. |
| Incumbent re-elected in 1850 or 1851. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Lewis Cass]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Lewis Cass]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 515: | Line 511: | ||
| [[Jefferson Davis]] |
| [[Jefferson Davis]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| 1847 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1848 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|1848 {{Small|( |
| 1847 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1848 United States Senate special election in Mississippi|1848 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Mississippi|re-elected]] in 1850. |
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Mississippi|re-elected]] in 1850. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Jefferson Davis]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Jefferson Davis]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 529: | Line 525: | ||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Missouri|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Missouri|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry S. Geyer]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry S. Geyer]]''' (Whig) |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[Thomas Hart Benton (politician)|Thomas H. Benton]] (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Thomas Hart Benton (politician)|Thomas H. Benton]] (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 538: | Line 534: | ||
| [[William L. Dayton]] |
| [[William L. Dayton]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| 1848 (Democratic)<br/>? ( |
| 1848 (Democratic)<br/>? (special)<br/>[[1845 United States Senate election in New Jersey|1845]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert F. Stockton]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Robert F. Stockton]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[William L. Dayton]] (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[William L. Dayton]] (Whig) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 552: | Line 548: | ||
| 1844 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1845 United States Senate elections in New York|1845]] |
| 1844 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>[[1845 United States Senate elections in New York|1845]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would later be filled on March 19, 1851, [[#Elections during the 32nd Congress|see below]]. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Democratic loss'''.<br/>Seat would later be filled on March 19, 1851, [[#Elections during the 32nd Congress|see below]]. |
||
| {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[Daniel S. Dickinson]] (Democratic)<br/>Many, [[#New York|see below]] |
| {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Daniel S. Dickinson]] (Democratic)<br/>Many, [[#New York|see below]] |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 560: | Line 556: | ||
| 1850 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
| 1850 {{Small|(Appointed)}} |
||
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost election to the next term.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Whig loss'''.<br/>Seat would later be filled on March 15, 1851, [[#Elections during the 32nd Congress|see below]]. |
| {{Party shading/Loss}} | Incumbent lost election to the next term.<br/>Legislature failed to elect.<br/>'''Whig loss'''.<br/>Seat would later be filled on March 15, 1851, [[#Elections during the 32nd Congress|see below]]. |
||
| {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[Thomas Ewing]] (Whig)<br/>{{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
| {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Thomas Ewing]] (Whig)<br/>{{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
Line 569: | Line 565: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|elected]] January 14, 1851.<br/>Democratic hold. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|elected]] January 14, 1851.<br/>Democratic hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Richard Brodhead]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Richard Brodhead]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* Many, [[#Pennsylvania|see below]] |
* Many, [[#Pennsylvania|see below]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 580: | Line 576: | ||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator elected in 1850 or 1851.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator elected in 1850 or 1851.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Charles Tillinghast James|Charles T. James]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Charles Tillinghast James|Charles T. James]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 591: | Line 587: | ||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Tennessee|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1851 United States Senate election in Tennessee|elected]] in 1851.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[James C. Jones]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James C. Jones]]''' (Whig) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 602: | Line 598: | ||
| Incumbent [[1851 United States Senate election in Texas|re-elected]] in 1851. |
| Incumbent [[1851 United States Senate election in Texas|re-elected]] in 1851. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Jefferson Rusk|Thomas J. Rusk]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas Jefferson Rusk|Thomas J. Rusk]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 613: | Line 609: | ||
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1850 United States Senate election in Vermont|elected]] in 1850.<br/>Whig hold. |
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.<br/>New senator [[1850 United States Senate election in Vermont|elected]] in 1850.<br/>Whig hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Solomon Foot]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Solomon Foot]]''' (Whig) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 621: | Line 617: | ||
| [[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]] |
| [[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic |
||
| [[1847 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1847 {{Small|( |
| [[1847 United States Senate special election in Virginia|1847 {{Small|(special)}}]] |
||
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]] in 1850. |
| Incumbent [[1850 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]] in 1850. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James Murray Mason|James M. Mason]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 635: | Line 631: | ||
| Incumbent [[1851 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|re-elected]] in 1851. |
| Incumbent [[1851 United States Senate election in Wisconsin|re-elected]] in 1851. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry Dodge]]''' (Democratic) |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry Dodge]]''' (Democratic) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 658: | Line 654: | ||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Ohio ( |
! [[#Ohio (special)|Ohio]]<br/>(Class 1) |
||
| colspan=3 | Vacant |
| colspan=3 | Vacant |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in Ohio|elected]] late '''March 15, 1851''' on the 37th ballot.<ref name="Ohio ">{{Cite book | |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in Ohio|elected]] late '''March 15, 1851''' on the 37th ballot.<ref name="Ohio ">{{Cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=William Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA240 |title=Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 .. |last2=Taylor |first2=Aubrey Clarence |publisher=State of Ohio |year=1899 |page=240}}</ref><br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Benjamin Wade]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Benjamin Wade]]''' (Whig) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 671: | Line 667: | ||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in New York|elected]] late '''March 19, 1851'''.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in New York|elected]] late '''March 19, 1851'''.<br/>'''Whig gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Hamilton Fish]]''' (Whig) |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Hamilton Fish]]''' (Whig) |
||
* Many, [[#New York|see below]] |
* Many, [[#New York|see below]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 680: | Line 676: | ||
| {{Party shading/Free Soil}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]] '''April 24, 1851'''.<br/>'''Free Soil gain'''. |
| {{Party shading/Free Soil}} | Legislature had failed to elect.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]] '''April 24, 1851'''.<br/>'''Free Soil gain'''. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Free Soil}}{{Aye}} '''[[Charles Sumner]]''' (Free Soil) |
* {{Party stripe|Free Soil Party}}{{Aye}} '''[[Charles Sumner]]''' (Free Soil) |
||
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
* {{Data missing|date=February 2020}} |
||
}} |
}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! [[#Kentucky ( |
! [[#Kentucky (special)|Kentucky]]<br/>(Class 3) |
||
| [[Henry Clay]] |
| [[Henry Clay]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whig |
||
| [[1806 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1806 {{Small|( |
| [[1806 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1806 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>1807 {{Small|(Retired)}}<br/>1810 {{Small|(Appointed)}}<br/>1811 {{Small|(Retired)}}<br/>[[1831 United States Senate special election in Kentucky|1831 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1836 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1836]]<br/>1842 {{Small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1849 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1849]] |
||
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned December 17, 1851, to be effective September 6, 1852.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]] '''December 31, 1851'''.<br/>Whig hold. |
| {{Party shading/Whig/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned December 17, 1851, to be effective September 6, 1852.<br/>Winner [[1851 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]] '''December 31, 1851'''.<br/>Whig hold. |
||
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist| |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}{{Aye}} '''[[Archibald Dixon]]''' (Whig) 71 votes |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Archibald Dixon]]''' (Whig) 71 votes |
||
* {{Party stripe|Democratic}}[[James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)|James Guthrie]] (Democratic) 58 votes |
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[James Guthrie (Kentucky politician)|James Guthrie]] (Democratic) 58 votes |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[Garrett Davis]] (Whig) 1 vote |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Garrett Davis]] (Whig) 1 vote |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[Charles S. Morehead]] (Whig) 1 vote |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Charles S. Morehead]] (Whig) 1 vote |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[Joseph R. Underwood]] (Whig) 1 vote |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[Joseph R. Underwood]] (Whig) 1 vote |
||
* {{Party stripe|Whig}}[[John L. Helm]] (Whig) 1 vote{{Sfn|Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky|page=396}}<ref name="Kentucky Senate">{{Cite |
* {{Party stripe|Whig Party (US)}}[[John L. Helm]] (Whig) 1 vote{{Sfn|Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky|page=396}}<ref name="Kentucky Senate">{{Cite journal | title=Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 3, 1851 - January 9, 1852 | journal=Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky | url=https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ky_state_journals/83 | year=1851| publisher=Albert G. Hodges | location= [[Frankfort, Kentucky]] | page=412}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 734: | Line 730: | ||
== Kentucky == |
== Kentucky == |
||
=== Kentucky ( |
=== Kentucky (early) === |
||
[[File:JBThompson.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[John Burton Thompson]]]] |
[[File:JBThompson.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[John Burton Thompson]]]] |
||
<!--{{Main|1851 United States Senate election in Kentucky}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1851 United States Senate election in Kentucky}}--> |
||
Line 747: | Line 743: | ||
{{Clear}} |
{{Clear}} |
||
=== Kentucky ( |
=== Kentucky (special) === |
||
[[File:Archibald Dixon cropped.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Archibald Dixon]]]] |
[[File:Archibald Dixon cropped.jpg|thumb|125px|Senator [[Archibald Dixon]]]] |
||
<!--{{Main|1851 United States Senate special election in Kentucky}}--> |
<!--{{Main|1851 United States Senate special election in Kentucky}}--> |
||
Long-term Whig and former-[[United States |
Long-term Whig and former-[[United States Secretary of State]] [[Henry Clay]] announced his resignation December 17, 1851 from the class 3 seat, to be effective September 6, 1852. |
||
Whig [[Archibald Dixon]] was elected December 31, 1851. |
Whig [[Archibald Dixon]] was elected December 31, 1851. |
||
Line 766: | Line 762: | ||
Before Clay's resignation was effective, he died June 24, 1852. Democratic [[Secretary of State of Kentucky]] [[David Meriwether (Kentucky politician)|David Meriwether]] was appointed July 6, 1852 pending the effective date of the special election. Dixon was then seated September 1, 1852 to finish the term that would end in 1855. |
Before Clay's resignation was effective, he died June 24, 1852. Democratic [[Secretary of State of Kentucky]] [[David Meriwether (Kentucky politician)|David Meriwether]] was appointed July 6, 1852 pending the effective date of the special election. Dixon was then seated September 1, 1852 to finish the term that would end in 1855. |
||
== Maryland == |
|||
=== Maryland (special) === |
|||
<!-- {{Main|1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland}} --> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''-''' |
|||
| colour1 = F0C862 |
|||
| percentage1 = '''-%''' |
|||
| party1 = Whig Party (United States) |
|||
| candidate1 = '''[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]]''' |
|||
| image1 = Thomas Pratt, Brady photo portrait, circa 1848-1860, sitting.jpg |
|||
| popular_vote2 = |
|||
| colour2 = |
|||
| percentage2 = |
|||
| party2 = |
|||
| candidate2 = |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| next_year = 1851 |
|||
| next_election = 1851 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1849 |
|||
| previous_election = 1849 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] |
|||
| vote_type = Legislative |
|||
| election_date = 1850 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
}} |
|||
[[Reverdy Johnson]] won election in [[1844 United States Senate election in Maryland|1844]] but retired to become the [[United States Attorney General]]. In order to fill his seat, [[David Stewart (Maryland politician)|David Stewart]] was elected as a temporary appointment until a successor could be elected. [[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]] won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122893|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1849|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
=== Maryland (regular) === |
|||
<!-- {{Main|1851 United States Senate election in Maryland}} --> |
|||
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maryland}} |
|||
{{Expand section|date=November 2022}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
|||
| election_name = 1851 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| popular_vote1 = '''-''' |
|||
| colour1 = F0C862 |
|||
| percentage1 = '''-%''' |
|||
| party1 = Whig Party (United States) |
|||
| candidate1 = '''[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]]''' |
|||
| image1 = Thomas Pratt, Brady photo portrait, circa 1848-1860, sitting.jpg |
|||
| popular_vote2 = |
|||
| colour2 = |
|||
| percentage2 = |
|||
| party2 = |
|||
| candidate2 = |
|||
| image2 = |
|||
| next_year = 1857 |
|||
| next_election = 1857 United States Senate election in Maryland |
|||
| previous_year = 1850 |
|||
| previous_election = 1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland |
|||
| votes_for_election = 80 members of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] |
|||
| vote_type = Legislative |
|||
| election_date = 1851 |
|||
| type = presidential |
|||
}} |
|||
[[Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)|Thomas Pratt]] won election to a full term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122895|title=Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1851|access-date=2022-11-05|website=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> |
|||
{{Clear}} |
|||
== Massachusetts == |
== Massachusetts == |
||
Line 773: | Line 834: | ||
== New York == |
== New York == |
||
{{Main|1851 United States Senate election in New York}} |
{{Main|1851 United States Senate election in New York}} |
||
The election in New York was held on February 4 and March 18 and 19, 1851. |
The election in New York was held on February 4 and March 18 and 19, 1851. [[Daniel S. Dickinson]] (Democratic) had been elected in 1845 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1851. The [[United States Whig Party|Whig Party]] in New York was split in two opposing factions: the [[William H. Seward|Seward]]/[[Thurlow Weed|Weed]] faction (the majority, opposed to the [[Compromise of 1850]]) and the "Silver Grays" (supporters of President [[Millard Fillmore]] and his compromise legislation, led by [[Francis Granger]] whose silver gray hair originated the faction's nickname). The opposing factions of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]] in New York, the [[Barnburners and Hunkers|"Barnburners" and the "Hunkers"]], had reunited at the [[1850 New York state election|State election in November 1850]], and managed to have almost their whole State ticket elected, only [[Horatio Seymour]] was defeated for Governor by a plurality of 262 votes. |
||
At the [[1849 New York state election|State election in November 1849]], 14 Seward Whigs, 3 Silver Gray Whigs and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1850–1851) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1850, a Whig majority was elected to the Assembly for the session of 1851. The [[74th New York State Legislature]] met from January 7 to April 17, and from June 10 to July 11, 1851, at [[Albany, New York]]. |
At the [[1849 New York state election|State election in November 1849]], 14 Seward Whigs, 3 Silver Gray Whigs and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1850–1851) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1850, a Whig majority was elected to the Assembly for the session of 1851. The [[74th New York State Legislature]] met from January 7 to April 17, and from June 10 to July 11, 1851, at [[Albany, New York]]. |
||
Line 785: | Line 846: | ||
On February 15, Guinnip again offered a resolution to declare [[John Adams Dix]] elected to the U.S. Senate. Senator [[Stephen H. Johnson]] offered an amendment to this resolution, declaring [[Daniel S. Dickinson]] elected. On motion of Senator [[Marius Schoonmaker]], the resolution was laid on the table too. |
On February 15, Guinnip again offered a resolution to declare [[John Adams Dix]] elected to the U.S. Senate. Senator [[Stephen H. Johnson]] offered an amendment to this resolution, declaring [[Daniel S. Dickinson]] elected. On motion of Senator [[Marius Schoonmaker]], the resolution was laid on the table too. |
||
On March 18, when two Democratic State Senators were absent, having gone to [[New York City]], the Whigs persuaded the Democrats in a 14-hour session to re-open the U.S. Senate election, and |
On March 18, when two Democratic State Senators were absent, having gone to [[New York City]], the Whigs persuaded the Democrats in a 14-hour session to re-open the U.S. Senate election, and Senate electionin the small hours of March 19 Fish was nominated by a vote of 16 to 12 (Beekman, Johnson (both Whigs), [[Thomas B. Carroll]] and [[William A. Dart]] (both Democratic) did not vote). |
||
Fish was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. |
Fish was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected. |
||
Line 1,026: | Line 1,087: | ||
== Ohio == |
== Ohio == |
||
{{Main|1851 United States Senate election in Ohio}} |
{{Main|1851 United States Senate election in Ohio}} |
||
Incumbent Senator [[Thomas Corwin]] (Whig) resigned July 20, 1850 to become [[U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]]. |
Incumbent Senator [[Thomas Corwin]] (Whig) resigned July 20, 1850 to become [[U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]]. [[Thomas Ewing]] (Whig) was appointed July 20, 1850 to finish the term. [[Benjamin Wade]] (Whig) was elected late on March 15, 1851, on the 37th ballot over Ewing.<ref name=Ohio/> |
||
== Pennsylvania == |
== Pennsylvania == |
||
Line 1,032: | Line 1,093: | ||
The Pennsylvania election was held January 14, 1851. [[Richard Brodhead]] was elected by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] to the [[United States Senate]].<ref name="results">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1851 |url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1851.pdf |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=Wilkes University}}</ref> |
The Pennsylvania election was held January 14, 1851. [[Richard Brodhead]] was elected by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]] to the [[United States Senate]].<ref name="results">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1851 |url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1851.pdf |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=Wilkes University}}</ref> |
||
{{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature |
{{Election box begin no change| title=State Legislature results<ref name=results/><ref>{{Cite web |title=PA US Senate 1851 |url=http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345196&ShowAllCand=Y |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=OurCampaigns}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
||
Line 1,099: | Line 1,160: | ||
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
||
| party = Whig Party (US) |
| party = Whig Party (US) |
||
| candidate = [[James Pollock]] |
| candidate = [[James Pollock (American politician)|James Pollock]] |
||
| votes = 2 |
| votes = 2 |
||
| percentage = 1.50 |
| percentage = 1.50 |
||
Line 1,120: | Line 1,181: | ||
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
{{Election box candidate with party link no change |
||
| party = Whig Party (US) |
| party = Whig Party (US) |
||
| candidate = Townsend Haines |
| candidate = [[Townsend Haines]] |
||
| votes = 1 |
| votes = 1 |
||
| percentage = 0.75 |
| percentage = 0.75 |
||
Line 1,172: | Line 1,233: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
* [[1850 United States elections]] |
* [[1850 United States elections]] |
||
** [[ |
** [[1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections]] |
||
* [[31st United States Congress]] |
* [[31st United States Congress]] |
||
* [[32nd United States Congress]] |
* [[32nd United States Congress]] |
||
==References == |
== References == |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
Line 1,188: | Line 1,249: | ||
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=bZQQETnM6_gC&pg=PA859 ''The Papers of Henry Clay''] (Vol. 10; page 859) |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=bZQQETnM6_gC&pg=PA859 ''The Papers of Henry Clay''] (Vol. 10; page 859) |
||
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=5aGyVFn3VnMC&pg=RA1-PA649 ''The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party''] by Michael F. Holt (pages 649f) |
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=5aGyVFn3VnMC&pg=RA1-PA649 ''The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party''] by Michael F. Holt (pages 649f) |
||
* {{Cite |
* {{Cite journal | title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 3, 1851 - January 9, 1852 | journal=Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky | url=https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ky_state_journals/33 | year=1851| publisher=Albert G. Hodges | ref={{sfnRef|Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky}} | location= [[Frankfort, Kentucky]]}} |
||
* [http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/index.html Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006] from the [[Wilkes University Election Statistics Project]] |
* [http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/index.html Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006] from the [[Wilkes University Election Statistics Project]] |
||
{{United States Senate elections}} |
{{United States Senate elections}} |
||
{{DEFAULTSORT:1850-51 United States Senate elections}} |
|||
[[Category:1850 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1850 United States Senate elections| ]] |
||
[[Category:1851 United States Senate elections| ]] |
[[Category:1851 United States Senate elections| ]] |
Latest revision as of 02:34, 1 January 2024
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 32 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results: Democratic gain Democratic hold Whig gain Whig hold Legislature failed to elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 1850–51 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1850 and 1851, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The Democratic Party lost seats, but retained a majority in the Senate.
Results summary[edit]
Senate party division, 32nd Congress (1851–1853)
- Majority party: Democratic (34–35)
- Minority party: Whig Party (21–23)
- Other parties: Free Soiler (2–3)
- Total seats: 62
Change in composition[edit]
Before the elections[edit]
D1 | |||||||||
D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 |
D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 |
D22 | D23 Ran |
D24 Ran |
D25 Ran |
D26 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D28 Ran |
D29 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D31 Ran |
Majority → | D32 Ran | ||||||||
W22 Unknown |
W23 Unknown |
W24 Retired |
FS1 | FS2 | D36 Retired |
D35 Unknown |
D34 Unknown |
D33 Ran | |
W21 Ran |
W20 Ran |
W19 Ran |
W18 Ran |
W17 | W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 |
W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | W11 |
W1 |
As a result of the elections[edit]
D1 | |||||||||
D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 |
D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 |
D22 | D23 Re-elected |
D24 Re-elected |
D25 Re-elected |
D26 Re-elected |
D27 Re-elected |
D28 Re-elected |
D29 Re-elected |
D30 Hold |
D31 Hold |
Majority → | D32 Gain | ||||||||
V1 W Loss |
V2 W Loss |
FS1 | FS2 | V3 D Loss |
V4 D Loss |
V5 D Loss |
D34 Gain |
D33 Gain | |
W21 Gain |
W20 Gain |
W19 Hold |
W18 Re-elected |
W17 | W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 |
W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | W11 |
W1 |
At the beginning of the first session, December 1, 1851[edit]
D1 | |||||||||
D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 |
D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 |
D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 | D31 |
Majority → | D32 | ||||||||
W22 Gain |
W23 Gain |
FS1 | FS2 | FS3 Gain |
V1 | V2 | D34 Hold |
D33 | |
W21 | W20 | W19 | W18 | W17 | W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 |
W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | W7 | W8 | W9 | W10 | W11 |
W1 |
Key: |
|
Race summaries[edit]
Elections during the 31st Congress[edit]
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1850 or in 1851 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Maryland (Class 1) |
David Stewart | Whig | 1849 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Winner elected January 12, 1850. Whig hold. Winner was elected to the next term, see below. |
|
Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Robert C. Winthrop | Whig | 1850 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. Winner elected February 1, 1851. Democratic gain. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below. |
|
Races leading to the 32nd Congress[edit]
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1851; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Connecticut | Roger Sherman Baldwin | Whig | 1847 (Appointed) 1848 (special) |
Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election or retired. Legislature failed to elect. Whig loss Seat would not be filled until 1852. |
[data missing] |
California | John C. Frémont | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would not be filled until 1852. |
▌John C. Frémont (Democratic) [data missing] |
Delaware | John Wales | Whig | 1849 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1851. Democratic gain. |
|
Florida | David Levy Yulee | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1851. Democratic hold. |
|
Indiana | Jesse D. Bright | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected in 1850. |
|
Maine | Hannibal Hamlin | Democratic | 1848 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1851. |
|
Maryland | Thomas Pratt | Whig | 1850 (special) | Incumbent re-elected January 12, 1850. |
|
Massachusetts | Robert Rantoul Jr. | Democratic | 1851 (special) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election or retired. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would later be filled on April 24, 1851, see below. |
▌Charles Sumner (Free Soil) [data missing] |
Michigan | Lewis Cass | Democratic | 1844 or 1845 1848 (Resigned) 1849 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1850 or 1851. |
|
Mississippi | Jefferson Davis | Democratic | 1847 (Appointed) 1848 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1850. |
|
Missouri | Thomas H. Benton | Democratic | 1821 1827 1833 1839 1845 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1851. Whig gain. |
|
New Jersey | William L. Dayton | Whig | 1848 (Democratic) ? (special) 1845 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1851. Democratic gain. |
|
New York | Daniel S. Dickinson | Democratic | 1844 (Appointed) 1845 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat would later be filled on March 19, 1851, see below. |
▌Daniel S. Dickinson (Democratic) Many, see below |
Ohio | Thomas Ewing | Whig | 1850 (Appointed) | Incumbent lost election to the next term. Legislature failed to elect. Whig loss. Seat would later be filled on March 15, 1851, see below. |
▌Thomas Ewing (Whig) [data missing] |
Pennsylvania | Daniel Sturgeon | Democratic | 1840 1845 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 14, 1851. Democratic hold. |
|
Rhode Island | Albert C. Greene | Whig | 1844 or 1845 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1850 or 1851. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee | Hopkins L. Turney | Democratic | 1844 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1851. Whig gain. |
|
Texas | Thomas J. Rusk | Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent re-elected in 1851. |
|
Vermont | Samuel S. Phelps | Whig | 1839 1845 |
Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1850. Whig hold. |
|
Virginia | James M. Mason | Democratic | 1847 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1850. |
|
Wisconsin | Henry Dodge | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected in 1851. |
|
Elections during the 32nd Congress[edit]
In late these elections, the winners were elected in 1851 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Ohio (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Winner elected late March 15, 1851 on the 37th ballot.[4] Whig gain. |
| ||
New York (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Winner elected late March 19, 1851. Whig gain. |
| ||
Massachusetts (Class 1) |
Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Winner elected April 24, 1851. Free Soil gain. |
| ||
Kentucky (Class 3) |
Henry Clay | Whig | 1806 (special) 1807 (Retired) 1810 (Appointed) 1811 (Retired) 1831 (special) 1836 1842 (Resigned) 1849 |
Incumbent resigned December 17, 1851, to be effective September 6, 1852. Winner elected December 31, 1851. Whig hold. |
|
Race leading to the 33rd Congress[edit]
In this regular election, the winner was elected for the term beginning March 4, 1853.
This election involved a Class 3 seat.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Kentucky | Joseph R. Underwood | Whig | 1846 or 1847 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 15, 1851, far in advance of the 1853 term. Know Nothing gain. |
|
Kentucky[edit]
Kentucky (early)[edit]
One-term Whig Joseph R. Underwood retired and the Know Nothing Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky John Burton Thompson was elected early, December 15, 1851, far in advance of the 1853 term, as was common practice at the time.
- John Burton Thompson 73 votes
- Francis P. Stone 65 votes[7]
Kentucky (special)[edit]
Long-term Whig and former-United States Secretary of State Henry Clay announced his resignation December 17, 1851 from the class 3 seat, to be effective September 6, 1852.
Whig Archibald Dixon was elected December 31, 1851.
After many ballots, the vote in the final deciding ballot was:
- Archibald Dixon 71 votes
- James Guthrie 58 votes
- Garrett Davis 1 vote
- Charles S. Morehead 1 vote
- Joseph R. Underwood 1 vote
- John L. Helm 1 vote[5][6]
Before Clay's resignation was effective, he died June 24, 1852. Democratic Secretary of State of Kentucky David Meriwether was appointed July 6, 1852 pending the effective date of the special election. Dixon was then seated September 1, 1852 to finish the term that would end in 1855.
Maryland[edit]
Maryland (special)[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
| ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reverdy Johnson won election in 1844 but retired to become the United States Attorney General. In order to fill his seat, David Stewart was elected as a temporary appointment until a successor could be elected. Thomas Pratt won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.[8]
Maryland (regular)[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
| ||||||||||||||||
80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Thomas Pratt won election to a full term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.[9]
Massachusetts[edit]
In 1851, Democrats gained control of the legislature in coalition with the Free Soilers. However, the legislature deadlocked on this Senate race, as Democrats refused to vote for Charles Sumner (the Free Soilers' choice).
New York[edit]
The election in New York was held on February 4 and March 18 and 19, 1851. Daniel S. Dickinson (Democratic) had been elected in 1845 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1851. The Whig Party in New York was split in two opposing factions: the Seward/Weed faction (the majority, opposed to the Compromise of 1850) and the "Silver Grays" (supporters of President Millard Fillmore and his compromise legislation, led by Francis Granger whose silver gray hair originated the faction's nickname). The opposing factions of the Democratic Party in New York, the "Barnburners" and the "Hunkers", had reunited at the State election in November 1850, and managed to have almost their whole State ticket elected, only Horatio Seymour was defeated for Governor by a plurality of 262 votes.
At the State election in November 1849, 14 Seward Whigs, 3 Silver Gray Whigs and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1850–1851) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1850, a Whig majority was elected to the Assembly for the session of 1851. The 74th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to April 17, and from June 10 to July 11, 1851, at Albany, New York.
Ex-Governor of New York Hamilton Fish was the candidate of the Whig Party, but was also a close friend of Henry Clay who was one of the leaders of the Fillmore faction in Washington, D.C. He was thus considered the only viable compromise candidate. The Silver Grays asked Fish to pledge his support for the Compromise, but Fish refused to make any comment, saying that he did not seek the office, and that the legislators should vote guided by Fish's known political history. Fish had earlier stated his opposition against the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 but was believed to support most of the remainder of the Compromise. Nevertheless, Silver Gray State Senator James W. Beekman declared that he would not vote for Fish for personal reasons, a dislike stemming from the time when they were fellow students at Columbia University.
The State Legislature met on February 4, the legally prescribed day, to elect a U.S. Senator. In the Assembly, Fish received a majority of 78 to 49. In the State Senate the vote stood 16 for Fish and 16 votes for a variety of candidates, among them Beekman's vote for Francis Granger. After a second ballot with the same result, Beekman moved to adjourn, which was carried by the casting vote of the lieutenant governor, and no nomination was made.
On February 14, Senator George B. Guinnip offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U.S. Senate. On motion of Senator George R. Babcock, the resolution was laid on the table, i.e. consideration was postponed.
On February 15, Guinnip again offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U.S. Senate. Senator Stephen H. Johnson offered an amendment to this resolution, declaring Daniel S. Dickinson elected. On motion of Senator Marius Schoonmaker, the resolution was laid on the table too.
On March 18, when two Democratic State Senators were absent, having gone to New York City, the Whigs persuaded the Democrats in a 14-hour session to re-open the U.S. Senate election, and Senate electionin the small hours of March 19 Fish was nominated by a vote of 16 to 12 (Beekman, Johnson (both Whigs), Thomas B. Carroll and William A. Dart (both Democratic) did not vote).
Fish was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.
Candidate | Party | Senate (32 members) February 4 (first ballot) |
Senate (32 members) February 4 (second ballot) |
Assembly (128 members) February 4 |
Senate (32 members) March 19 |
Assembly (128 members) March 19 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamilton Fish | Whig | 16 | 16 | 78 | 16 | 68 |
John Adams Dix | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 29 | 6 | 6 |
James T. Brady | Democratic | 7 | ||||
Horatio Seymour | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
Francis Granger | Whig | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |
Aaron Ward | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Daniel S. Dickinson | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Arphaxed Loomis | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Amasa J. Parker | Democratic | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
David Buel Jr. | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
Augustus C. Hand | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
John Hunter | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
John Fine | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
Levi S. Chatfield | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
John Tracy | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
Abraham Bockee | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
George Rathbun | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
Timothy Jenkins | Democratic | 1 | 1 | |||
William L. Marcy | Democratic | 1 | ||||
Washington Irving | 1 | |||||
John L. Riker | 1 | |||||
Erastus Corning | Democratic | 1 | ||||
Levi S. Chatfield | Democratic | 1 | ||||
George Wood | 1 | |||||
Daniel Lord | 1 | |||||
James S. Wadsworth | Democratic | 1 | ||||
William C. Bouck | Democratic | 1 |
Ohio[edit]
Incumbent Senator Thomas Corwin (Whig) resigned July 20, 1850 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Thomas Ewing (Whig) was appointed July 20, 1850 to finish the term. Benjamin Wade (Whig) was elected late on March 15, 1851, on the 37th ballot over Ewing.[4]
Pennsylvania[edit]
The Pennsylvania election was held January 14, 1851. Richard Brodhead was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.[10]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Richard Brodhead | 76 | 57.14 | |
Whig | Andrew W. Loomis | 12 | 9.02 | |
Whig | Alexander Brown | 11 | 8.27 | |
Whig | Samuel Purviance | 4 | 3.01 | |
Whig | Samuel Calvin | 4 | 3.01 | |
Whig | Thomas M. T. McKennan | 4 | 3.01 | |
Whig | John Sergeant | 4 | 3.01 | |
Whig | George Chambers | 3 | 2.26 | |
Whig | John Dickey | 2 | 1.50 | |
Whig | James Pollock | 2 | 1.50 | |
Whig | John Allison | 1 | 0.75 | |
Whig | William Darlington | 1 | 0.75 | |
Whig | Townsend Haines | 1 | 0.75 | |
Whig | Charles Pitman | 1 | 0.75 | |
Whig | Daniel M. Smyser | 1 | 0.75 | |
Whig | Thomas White | 1 | 0.75 | |
Whig | David Wilmot | 1 | 0.75 | |
N/A | Not voting | 3 | 2.26 | |
Totals | 133 | 100.00% |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ^ "The Senatorial Election in Maryland". The daily union. Washington, D.C. January 12, 1850. p. 3. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
- ^ "The Senatorial Election in Maryland". The daily union. Washington, D.C. January 12, 1850. p. 3. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
- ^ a b Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899). Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 . State of Ohio. p. 240.
- ^ a b Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, p. 396.
- ^ a b "Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 3, 1851 - January 9, 1852". Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Frankfort, Kentucky: Albert G. Hodges: 412. 1851.
- ^ a b Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, p. 264.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1849". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1851" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- ^ "PA US Senate 1851". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
Sources[edit]
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators [gives wrong date for election "November 19"]; pg. 137 for State Senators 1851; pg. 240ff for Members of Assembly 1851)
- Members of the 32nd United States Congress
- Hamilton Fish by Amos Elwood Corning (pages 35ff)
- Result Assembly: Journal of the Assembly (74th Session) (1851; Vol. I, pg. 268f and 662)
- Result Senate: Journal of the Senate (74th Session) (1851; pg. 136f and 322)
- The Papers of Henry Clay (Vol. 10; page 859)
- The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party by Michael F. Holt (pages 649f)
- "Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 3, 1851 - January 9, 1852". Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Frankfort, Kentucky: Albert G. Hodges. 1851.
- Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project