1871 in the United Kingdom: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|UK-related events during the year of 1871}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} |
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{{Use British English|date=January 2013}} |
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}} |
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{{Year in United Kingdom|1871 |
{{Year in United Kingdom|1871 |
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|label1= |
|label1= Constituent countries of the United Kingdom |
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|data1 = [[1871 in England|England]] {{!}} [[1871 in Ireland|Ireland]] {{!}} [[1871 in Scotland|Scotland]] {{!}} [[1871 in Wales|Wales]] |
|data1 = [[1871 in England|England]] {{!}} [[1871 in Ireland|Ireland]] {{!}} [[1871 in Scotland|Scotland]] {{!}} [[1871 in Wales|Wales]] |
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|label2= Sport |
|label2= Sport |
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* [[Monarch of the United Kingdom|Monarch]] – [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] |
* [[Monarch of the United Kingdom|Monarch]] – [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] |
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* [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] – [[William Ewart Gladstone]] ([[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]) |
* [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] – [[William Ewart Gladstone]] ([[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]]) |
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* [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] – [[List of MPs elected in the 1868 United Kingdom general election|20th]] |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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* 7 March – the first [[Rugby union|rugby]] international (played in Edinburgh) results in a 4–1 win by Scotland over England.<ref name=CBH/> |
* 7 March – the first [[Rugby union|rugby]] international (played in Edinburgh) results in a 4–1 win by Scotland over England.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* 13 March – Britain, Russia, France, Austria, [[Turkey]] and Italy agree to abrogate the 1856 [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] ending [[Black Sea]] neutrality. |
* 13 March – Britain, Russia, France, Austria, [[Turkey]] and Italy agree to abrogate the 1856 [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] ending [[Black Sea]] neutrality. |
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* 21 March – |
* 21 March – [[John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll|John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne]] marries [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Princess Louise]], a daughter of Queen Victoria, at Windsor; she is the first legitimate daughter of a British monarch to marry a subject since 1515. |
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* 29 March – the [[Royal Albert Hall]] is opened by [[Queen Victoria]];<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> it incorporates a [[Royal Albert Hall Organ|grand organ]] by [[Henry Willis & Sons]], the world's largest at this time. |
* 29 March – the [[Royal Albert Hall]] is opened by [[Queen Victoria]];<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> it incorporates a [[Royal Albert Hall Organ|grand organ]] by [[Henry Willis & Sons]], the world's largest at this time. |
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* 2 April – [[census in the United Kingdom]], the first to record economic and mental status. |
* 2 April – [[census in the United Kingdom]], the first to record economic and mental status. |
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* 12 April – [[Durham Miners' Gala]] first held.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Durham Miner's Gala|url=https://co-curate.ncl.ac.uk/durham-miners-gala/history/|work=Co-Curate|accessdate=2022-05-04}}</ref> |
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* 24 April – murder of |
* 24 April – [[murder of Jane Clouson]], a servant girl, in [[Eltham]]; her probable murderer is acquitted. |
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* 11 May – the first trial in the [[Tichborne case]] begins in the [[Court of Common Pleas (England)]]. |
* 11 May – the first trial in the [[Tichborne case]] begins in the [[Court of Common Pleas (England)]]. |
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* 15 May – [[cross-dresser]]s [[Boulton and Park]] are found not guilty of conspiracy to commit [[sodomy]] in London at the [[Court of King's Bench (England)|Court of Queen's Bench]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Cocks|first=H. G.|title=Nameless Offences: Homosexual Desire in the 19th Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=deniaAw7CFsC|year=2003|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|location=London|isbn=978-1-86064-890-8}}</ref> The proceedings include the first recorded use of the word "[[Drag (entertainment)|drag]]" in an entertainment context.<ref>{{Cite OED|drag|access-date=2020-07-28|id=57406|ref={{sfnRef|"drag". ''Oxford English Dictionary''}}}}</ref> |
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* 26 May – [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] passes the [[Bank Holidays Act 1871|Bank Holidays Act]] creating four annual [[bank holiday]]s (five in Scotland).<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> |
* 26 May – [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] passes the [[Bank Holidays Act 1871|Bank Holidays Act]] creating four annual [[bank holiday]]s (five in Scotland).<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> |
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* 29 May – first bank holiday held on [[Whit Monday]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> |
* 29 May – first bank holiday held on [[Whit Monday]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> |
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* 6 June – ''[[Smith v Hughes]]'', a [[Landmark Cases in the Law of Contract|landmark case]] in [[English contract law]], is decided in the [[Court of King's Bench (England)|Court of Queen's Bench]], allowing an objective approach to interpretation of the parties' conduct when entering into a contract. |
* 6 June – ''[[Smith v Hughes]]'', a [[Landmark Cases in the Law of Contract|landmark case]] in [[English contract law]], is decided in the [[Court of King's Bench (England)|Court of Queen's Bench]], allowing an objective approach to interpretation of the parties' conduct when entering into a contract. |
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* 18 June – the [[Universities Tests Act 1871|Universities Tests Act]] removes restrictions |
* 18 June – the [[Universities Tests Act 1871|Universities Tests Act]] removes restrictions which have previously limited access to [[University of Oxford|Oxford]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and [[Durham University|Durham]] universities to members of the [[Church of England]]. |
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* 29 June – [[trade union]]s legalised by |
* 29 June – [[trade union]]s are legalised by the [[Trade Union Act 1871|Trade Union Act]]<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> but the [[Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871|Criminal Law Amendment Act]] criminalises coercion in a trade dispute. |
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* 20 July – [[C. W. Alcock]] proposes that 'a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with [[The Football Association|the Association]]', giving birth to the [[FA Cup]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> |
* 20 July – [[C. W. Alcock]] proposes that 'a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with [[The Football Association|the Association]]', giving birth to the [[FA Cup]] in football.<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> |
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* August – [[Nine Hours Strike]] begins on Tyneside in favour of a shorter working day. |
* August – [[Nine Hours Strike]] begins on Tyneside in favour of a shorter working day; employers capitulate after 14 weeks. |
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* 17 August – [[Regulation of the Forces Act 1871|Regulation of the Forces Act]] centralises and regularises control of the [[British Army]] as part of the [[Cardwell Reforms]], creating a structure of regional Brigade (Regimental) Districts.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan| |
* 11 August – [[Stowmarket Guncotton Explosion]] kills 28.<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Vivian Dering Majendie|first=Vivian Dering|last=Majendie|title=Report on the Explosion of Gun-Cotton at Stowmarket, on the 11th August 1871|year=1872}}</ref> |
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* 17 August – [[Regulation of the Forces Act 1871|Regulation of the Forces Act]] centralises and regularises control of the [[British Army]] as part of the [[Cardwell Reforms]], creating a structure of regional Brigade (Regimental) Districts.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=293–294|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref> |
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* 21 August |
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** Prevention of Crimes Act provides for photography of criminals. |
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⚫ | * 1 November – [[sale of commissions]] in the [[British Army]] abolished as part of the [[Cardwell Reforms]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bruce|first=Anthony P. C.|title=The Purchase System in the British Army, 1660–1871|url=https://archive.org/details/purchasesystemin0000bruc|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]]|year=1980}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | * 1 November – [[sale of commissions]] in the [[British Army]] abolished as part of the [[Cardwell Reforms]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bruce|first=Anthony P. C.|title=The Purchase System in the British Army, 1660–1871|url=https://archive.org/details/purchasesystemin0000bruc|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]]|year=1980}}</ref> Pensions are made available for officers. |
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* 6 November – MP [[Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet]], delivers a speech critical of the expense of maintaining the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarchy]] to a radical audience in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas M.|last=Costa|chapter=Dilke, Charles Wentworth|title=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire|editor=Olson, James S. |editor2=Shadle, Robert |publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1996|isbn=0-313-27917-9}}</ref> |
* 6 November – MP [[Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet]], delivers a speech critical of the expense of maintaining the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|monarchy]] to a radical audience in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Thomas M.|last=Costa|chapter=Dilke, Charles Wentworth|title=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire|editor=Olson, James S. |editor2=Shadle, Robert |publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1996|isbn=0-313-27917-9}}</ref> |
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* 7 November – the |
* 7 November – the London–Australia [[telegraph]] cable is brought ashore at [[Darwin, Northern Territory|Darwin]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1871 Java - Port Darwin Cable|url=http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1871Java-PortDarwin/|work=History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications|date=2014-11-05|access-date=2015-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105222157/http://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1871Java-PortDarwin/|archive-date=2015-01-05|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* 10 November – Welsh-born journalist [[Henry Morton Stanley]] locates missing Scottish explorer and missionary, Dr. [[David Livingstone]] in [[Ujiji]], near [[Lake Tanganyika]] |
* 10 November – Welsh-born journalist [[Henry Morton Stanley]] locates missing Scottish explorer and missionary, Dr. [[David Livingstone]] in [[Ujiji]], near [[Lake Tanganyika]]<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> and greets him saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" (according to his later account). |
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* 17 November – [[George Biddell Airy]] presents his discovery that [[astronomical aberration]] is independent of the local medium. |
* 17 November – [[George Biddell Airy]] presents his discovery that [[astronomical aberration]] is independent of the local medium. |
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* 25 November – first performance of ''[[The Bells (play)|The Bells]]'' starring [[Henry Irving]] at the [[Lyceum Theatre, London]].<ref>{{cite book|editor= |
* 25 November – first performance of ''[[The Bells (play)|The Bells]]'' starring [[Henry Irving]] at the [[Lyceum Theatre, London]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Rowell, George|editor-link=George Rowell (historian)|year=1953|title=Nineteenth Century Plays|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=[[Oxford World's Classics|World's Classics]]}}</ref> |
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* 25 December – [[Reading F.C.|Reading Football Club]] formed. |
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* 26 December – the [[Victorian burlesque]] ''[[Thespis (opera)|Thespis]]'', first of the [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] light opera collaborations, premières at the [[Gaiety Theatre, London]]. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not again work together until [[1875 in the United Kingdom|1875]]. |
* 26 December – the [[Victorian burlesque]] ''[[Thespis (opera)|Thespis]]'', first of the [[Gilbert and Sullivan]] light opera collaborations, premières at the [[Gaiety Theatre, London]]. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not again work together until [[1875 in the United Kingdom|1875]]. |
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===Undated=== |
===Undated=== |
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* [[Thomas Lipton]] opens his first grocery shop, in Glasgow. |
* [[Thomas Lipton]] opens his first grocery shop, in Glasgow. |
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* [[ |
* [[Southall F.C.|Southall Football Club]] formed in [[Southall]] in the [[London Borough of Ealing]], [[England]]. |
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* [[Neath RFC]] founded. |
* In [[rugby union]], [[Neath RFC]] and [[Streatham-Croydon RFC]] are founded. |
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* [[Streatham-Croydon RFC]] founded. |
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==Publications== |
==Publications== |
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* William Alexander's [[literary realism|realist novel]] ''Johnny |
* William Alexander's [[literary realism|realist novel]] ''Johnny Gib of Gushetneuk'' (serialised in ''Aberdeen Free Press'' 1869-70).<ref>{{cite ODNB|first=William|last=Donaldson|title=Alexander, William (1826–1894)|year=2004|edition=Online|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/39241|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/39241}}</ref> |
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* [[William Black (novelist)|William Black]]'s novel ''[[A Daughter of Heth]]''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Q. D.|last=Leavis| |
* [[William Black (novelist)|William Black]]'s novel ''[[A Daughter of Heth]]''.<ref>{{cite book|first=Q. D.|last=Leavis|author-link=Q. D. Leavis|title=Fiction and the Reading Public|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1965}}</ref> |
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* [[Henry Ramsden Bramley]] and [[John Stainer]]'s hymnal ''Christmas Carols, Old and New'', 2nd series. |
* [[Henry Ramsden Bramley]] and [[John Stainer]]'s hymnal ''Christmas Carols, Old and New'', 2nd series. |
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* [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton|Edward Bulwer-Lytton]]'s (anonymous) novel ''[[Vril|The Coming Race]]''. |
* [[Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton|Edward Bulwer-Lytton]]'s (anonymous) novel ''[[Vril|The Coming Race]]''. |
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* [[Lewis Carroll]]'s children's novel ''[[Through the Looking-Glass]]''.<ref name=CBH/> |
* [[Lewis Carroll]]'s children's novel ''[[Through the Looking-Glass]]''.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* [[George Tomkyns Chesney]]'s |
* [[George Tomkyns Chesney]]'s (anonymous) [[invasion novel]]la ''[[The Battle of Dorking]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|first=David|last=Finkelsteain|title=The 6d pamphlet that caused an invasion scare|journal=History Scotland|volume=21|issue=5|year=2021|pages=29-31}}</ref> |
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* [[Charles Darwin]]'s work ''[[The Descent of Man]]''.<ref name=CBH/> |
* [[Charles Darwin]]'s work ''[[The Descent of Man]]''.<ref name=CBH/> |
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* [[George Eliot]]'s novel ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (begins serialisation). |
* [[George Eliot]]'s novel ''[[Middlemarch]]'' (begins serialisation). |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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* 1 January – [[Montagu Toller]], cricketer and lawyer (died 1948) |
* 1 January – [[Montagu Toller]], cricketer and lawyer (died 1948) |
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* 17 January – [[David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty]], admiral (died 1936) |
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* 18 February – [[Harry Brearley]], inventor (died 1948) |
* 18 February – [[Harry Brearley]], inventor (died 1948) |
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* 19 March – [[Schofield Haigh]], cricketer (died 1921) |
* 19 March – [[Schofield Haigh]], cricketer (died 1921) |
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* 28 March – [[Silyn Roberts]], |
* 28 March – [[R. Silyn Roberts]], Welsh socialist and pacifist writer (died 1930) |
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* 16 April – [[John Millington Synge]], Irish dramatist (died 1909) |
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* 11 June – [[Walter Cowan]], admiral (died 1956) |
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* 3 July – [[W. H. Davies]], poet (died 1940) |
* 3 July – [[W. H. Davies]], poet (died 1940) |
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* 4 July – [[Hubert Cecil Booth]], engineer and inventor (died 1955) |
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* 15 August – [[Arthur Tansley]], botanist and ecologist (died 1955) |
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* 6 September – [[Montagu Norman]], Governor of the Bank of England (died 1950) |
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* 10 September |
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** [[Thomas Adams (architect)|Thomas Adams]], Scottish-born urban planner (died 1940) |
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** [[Charles Collett]], Great Western Railway chief mechanical engineer (died 1952) |
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* 10 October – [[Wickham Steed]], newspaper editor (died 1956) |
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* 12 October – [[Lilias Margaret Frances, Countess Bathurst]], née Borthwick, newspaper proprietor (died 1965) |
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* 25 October – [[John Gough (VC)|John Gough]], general, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1915) |
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* 3 November – [[Albert Goldthorpe]], rugby league footballer (died 1943) |
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==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
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* |
* 18 January – Sir [[George Hayter]], [[England|English]] portrait painter (born 1792) |
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* 22 February – [[Charles Shaw (British Army officer)|Sir Charles Shaw]], Scottish-born army officer and police commissioner (born 1795) |
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* 17 March – [[Robert Chambers (publisher, born 1802)|Robert Chambers]], Scottish publisher and geologist (born 1802) |
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* 18 March – [[Augustus De Morgan]], mathematician (born 1806) |
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* 7 April – [[Prince Alexander John of Wales]] (born 6 April) |
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* 20 April – [[Samuel Halkett]], Scottish librarian (born 1814) |
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* 30 April – [[Jane Clouson]], murder victim (born 1854) |
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* 4 May – [[Pablo Fanque]], black circus owner, popularized by [[The Beatles]] in song (born 1810) |
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* 9 June – [[Anna Atkins]], botanist and pioneer photographer (born 1799)<ref>{{cite book|first=Catharine M. C.|last=Haines|title=International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950|location=Santa Barbara|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2001|isbn=978-1-57607-090-1|page=10}}</ref> |
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* 14 July – [[Michael Loam]], Cornish engineer, pioneer of the [[man engine]] (born 1797) |
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* 6 September – [[James Burns (Scottish shipowner)|James Burns]], Scottish shipowner (born 1789) |
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* 7 September – [[William Prowting Roberts]], Chartist lawyer (born 1806) |
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* 10 September – [[Ugo Foscolo]], Italian poet (born 1821) |
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* 21 September – [[Charlotte Elliott]], hymnwriter (born 1789) |
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* 7 October – [[John Fox Burgoyne|Sir John Burgoyne]], field marshal (born 1782) |
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* 18 October – [[Charles Babbage]], mathematician and inventor (born 1791) |
* 18 October – [[Charles Babbage]], mathematician and inventor (born 1791) |
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* 22 October – [[Roderick Murchison]], geologist (born 1792) |
* 22 October – [[Roderick Murchison|Sir Roderick Murchison]], Scottish-born geologist (born 1792) |
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* 7 December – [[Lavinia Ryves]], claimant to membership of the royal family (born 1797) |
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* 14 December – [[George Hudson]], railway financier (born 1800) |
* 14 December – [[George Hudson]], railway financier (born 1800) |
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* 28 December – [[John Henry Pratt]], clergyman and mathematician (born 1809) |
* 28 December – [[John Henry Pratt]], clergyman and mathematician (born 1809) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{UK year nav}} |
{{UK year nav}} |
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[[Category:1871 in the United Kingdom| ]] |
[[Category:1871 in the United Kingdom| ]] |
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[[Category:Years of the 19th century in the United Kingdom]] |
[[Category:Years of the 19th century in the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:1871 by country]] |
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[[Category:1870s in the United Kingdom]] |
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[[Category:1871 in Europe]] |
Latest revision as of 11:47, 24 June 2024
1871 in the United Kingdom |
Other years |
1869 | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 |
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom |
England | Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
Sport |
Events from the year 1871 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents[edit]
Events[edit]
- 1 January – disestablishment of the Church of Ireland by the Irish Church Act 1869 comes into effect.[1]
- 26 January – Rugby Football Union established in London.[2]
- 10 February – Great Gale in the North Sea: 28 ships wrecked and total fatalities are estimated at over fifty, including six crew of Bridlington life-boat Harbinger.
- 7 March – the first rugby international (played in Edinburgh) results in a 4–1 win by Scotland over England.[1]
- 13 March – Britain, Russia, France, Austria, Turkey and Italy agree to abrogate the 1856 Treaty of Paris ending Black Sea neutrality.
- 21 March – John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne marries Princess Louise, a daughter of Queen Victoria, at Windsor; she is the first legitimate daughter of a British monarch to marry a subject since 1515.
- 29 March – the Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria;[2] it incorporates a grand organ by Henry Willis & Sons, the world's largest at this time.
- 2 April – census in the United Kingdom, the first to record economic and mental status.
- 12 April – Durham Miners' Gala first held.[3]
- 24 April – murder of Jane Clouson, a servant girl, in Eltham; her probable murderer is acquitted.
- 11 May – the first trial in the Tichborne case begins in the Court of Common Pleas (England).
- 15 May – cross-dressers Boulton and Park are found not guilty of conspiracy to commit sodomy in London at the Court of Queen's Bench.[4] The proceedings include the first recorded use of the word "drag" in an entertainment context.[5]
- 26 May – Parliament passes the Bank Holidays Act creating four annual bank holidays (five in Scotland).[2]
- 29 May – first bank holiday held on Whit Monday.[2]
- 6 June – Smith v Hughes, a landmark case in English contract law, is decided in the Court of Queen's Bench, allowing an objective approach to interpretation of the parties' conduct when entering into a contract.
- 18 June – the Universities Tests Act removes restrictions which have previously limited access to Oxford, Cambridge and Durham universities to members of the Church of England.
- 29 June – trade unions are legalised by the Trade Union Act[2] but the Criminal Law Amendment Act criminalises coercion in a trade dispute.
- 20 July – C. W. Alcock proposes that 'a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association', giving birth to the FA Cup in football.[2]
- August – Nine Hours Strike begins on Tyneside in favour of a shorter working day; employers capitulate after 14 weeks.
- 11 August – Stowmarket Guncotton Explosion kills 28.[6]
- 17 August – Regulation of the Forces Act centralises and regularises control of the British Army as part of the Cardwell Reforms, creating a structure of regional Brigade (Regimental) Districts.[1]
- 21 August
- Prevention of Crimes Act provides for photography of criminals.
- Pedlars Act requires pedlars to be licensed.
- 1 November – sale of commissions in the British Army abolished as part of the Cardwell Reforms.[7] Pensions are made available for officers.
- 6 November – MP Sir Charles Dilke, 2nd Baronet, delivers a speech critical of the expense of maintaining the monarchy to a radical audience in Newcastle upon Tyne.[8]
- 7 November – the London–Australia telegraph cable is brought ashore at Darwin.[9]
- 10 November – Welsh-born journalist Henry Morton Stanley locates missing Scottish explorer and missionary, Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika[2] and greets him saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" (according to his later account).
- 17 November – George Biddell Airy presents his discovery that astronomical aberration is independent of the local medium.
- 25 November – first performance of The Bells starring Henry Irving at the Lyceum Theatre, London.[10]
- 25 December – Reading Football Club formed.
- 26 December – the Victorian burlesque Thespis, first of the Gilbert and Sullivan light opera collaborations, premières at the Gaiety Theatre, London. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not again work together until 1875.
Undated[edit]
- Thomas Lipton opens his first grocery shop, in Glasgow.
- Southall Football Club formed in Southall in the London Borough of Ealing, England.
- In rugby union, Neath RFC and Streatham-Croydon RFC are founded.
- Teddington Hockey Club formed, the world's first.
- The native-bred red kite becomes extinct in England.[11]
Publications[edit]
- William Alexander's realist novel Johnny Gib of Gushetneuk (serialised in Aberdeen Free Press 1869-70).[12]
- William Black's novel A Daughter of Heth.[13]
- Henry Ramsden Bramley and John Stainer's hymnal Christmas Carols, Old and New, 2nd series.
- Edward Bulwer-Lytton's (anonymous) novel The Coming Race.
- Lewis Carroll's children's novel Through the Looking-Glass.[1]
- George Tomkyns Chesney's (anonymous) invasion novella The Battle of Dorking.[14]
- Charles Darwin's work The Descent of Man.[1]
- George Eliot's novel Middlemarch (begins serialisation).
- Anthony Trollope's novel The Eustace Diamonds (serialisation).
- Edward Burnett Tylor's anthropological study Primitive Culture.
Births[edit]
- 1 January – Montagu Toller, cricketer and lawyer (died 1948)
- 17 January – David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty, admiral (died 1936)
- 18 February – Harry Brearley, inventor (died 1948)
- 19 March – Schofield Haigh, cricketer (died 1921)
- 28 March – R. Silyn Roberts, Welsh socialist and pacifist writer (died 1930)
- 16 April – John Millington Synge, Irish dramatist (died 1909)
- 11 June – Walter Cowan, admiral (died 1956)
- 3 July – W. H. Davies, poet (died 1940)
- 4 July – Hubert Cecil Booth, engineer and inventor (died 1955)
- 15 August – Arthur Tansley, botanist and ecologist (died 1955)
- 6 September – Montagu Norman, Governor of the Bank of England (died 1950)
- 10 September
- Thomas Adams, Scottish-born urban planner (died 1940)
- Charles Collett, Great Western Railway chief mechanical engineer (died 1952)
- 24 September – Lottie Dod, athlete (died 1960)[15]
- 10 October – Wickham Steed, newspaper editor (died 1956)
- 12 October – Lilias Margaret Frances, Countess Bathurst, née Borthwick, newspaper proprietor (died 1965)
- 25 October – John Gough, general, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1915)
- 3 November – Albert Goldthorpe, rugby league footballer (died 1943)
Deaths[edit]
- 18 January – Sir George Hayter, English portrait painter (born 1792)
- 22 February – Sir Charles Shaw, Scottish-born army officer and police commissioner (born 1795)
- 17 March – Robert Chambers, Scottish publisher and geologist (born 1802)
- 18 March – Augustus De Morgan, mathematician (born 1806)
- 7 April – Prince Alexander John of Wales (born 6 April)
- 20 April – Samuel Halkett, Scottish librarian (born 1814)
- 30 April – Jane Clouson, murder victim (born 1854)
- 4 May – Pablo Fanque, black circus owner, popularized by The Beatles in song (born 1810)
- 11 May – Sir John Herschel, astronomer (born 1792)
- 9 June – Anna Atkins, botanist and pioneer photographer (born 1799)[16]
- 14 July – Michael Loam, Cornish engineer, pioneer of the man engine (born 1797)
- 1 September – Sir James Pennethorne, architect (born 1801)
- 6 September – James Burns, Scottish shipowner (born 1789)
- 7 September – William Prowting Roberts, Chartist lawyer (born 1806)
- 10 September – Ugo Foscolo, Italian poet (born 1821)
- 21 September – Charlotte Elliott, hymnwriter (born 1789)
- 7 October – Sir John Burgoyne, field marshal (born 1782)
- 18 October – Charles Babbage, mathematician and inventor (born 1791)
- 22 October – Sir Roderick Murchison, Scottish-born geologist (born 1792)
- 7 December – Lavinia Ryves, claimant to membership of the royal family (born 1797)
- 14 December – George Hudson, railway financier (born 1800)
- 28 December – John Henry Pratt, clergyman and mathematician (born 1809)
References[edit]
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- ^ Majendie, Vivian Dering (1872). Report on the Explosion of Gun-Cotton at Stowmarket, on the 11th August 1871.
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- ^ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
- ^ Finkelsteain, David (2021). "The 6d pamphlet that caused an invasion scare". History Scotland. 21 (5): 29–31.
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- ^ Haines, Catharine M. C. (2001). International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-57607-090-1.