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1876–77 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|none}}
{{For|related races|1876 United States elections}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections
| election_name = 1876–77 United States Senate elections
| country = United States
| country = United States
| flag_year = 1867
| flag_year = 1867
| type = legislative
| type = legislative
| ongoing = no
| >
| previous_election = 1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections
| previous_election = 1874–75 United States Senate elections
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1874 & 1875}}
| previous_year = {{Nowrap|1874 & 1875}}
| next_election = 1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections
| next_election = 1878–79 United States Senate elections
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1878 & 1879}}
| next_year = {{Nowrap|1878 & 1879}}
| seats_for_election = 26 of the 76 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections)
| seats_for_election = 26 of the 76 seats in the [[United States Senate]] (with special elections)
| majority_seats = 39
| majority_seats = 39
| election_date = Dates vary by state<br>(And other dates for special elections)
| election_date = Dates vary by state<br>(And other dates for special elections)
| image_size = x180px
| image_size = x180px
| 1blank = Seats up
| 1blank = Seats up
| party1 = Republican Party (US)

| party1 = Republican Party (US)
| leader1 = [[Henry B. Anthony]]{{efn | as [[Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference|Republican Conference Chair]]}}
| image1 = Henry B. Anthony - Brady-Handy.jpg
| leader1 = [[Henry B. Anthony]]{{efn | as [[Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference|Republican Conference Chair]]}}
| leader_since1 = March 4, 1863
| image1 = Henry B. Anthony - Brady-Handy.jpg
| leaders_seat1 = [[List of United States senators from Rhode Island|Rhode Island]]
| seats_before1 = '''45'''
| seats_before1 = '''45'''
| seats1 = 11
| seats1 = 11
| seats_after1 = '''39'''
| seats_after1 = '''39'''
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 6
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 6
| 1data1 = '''17'''
| 1data1 = '''17'''

| party2 = Democratic Party (US)
| party2 = Democratic Party (US)
| leader2 = [[John W. Stevenson]]{{efn | as [[Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate|Democratic Caucus Chair]]}}
| leader2 = [[John W. Stevenson]]{{efn | as [[Democratic Caucus of the United States Senate|Democratic Caucus Chair]]}}<br/>(retired)
| image2 = John Stevenson.jpg
| image2 = John Stevenson.jpg
| leader_since2 = March 4, 1873
| seats_before2 = 30
| leaders_seat2 = [[List of United States senators from Kentucky|Kentucky]]
| seats2 = '''14'''
| seats_before2 = 30
| seats_after2 = 35
| seats2 = '''14'''
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 5
| seats_after2 = 35
| 1data2 = 9
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 5

| 1data2 = 9
| party4 = Anti-Monopoly Party (US)
| party4 = Anti-Monopoly Party (US)
| image4 =
| seats_before4 = 1
| image4 =
| seats4 = 0
| seats_before4 = 1
| seats4 = 0
| seat_change4 = {{steady}}
| seat_change4 = {{steady}}
| seats_after4 = 1
| 1data4 = 0
| seats_after4 = 1
| 1data4 = 0

| party5 = Independent (US)
| party5 = Independent (US)
| image5 =
| image5 =
| seats_before5 = 0
| seats_before5 = 0
| seats5 = 1
| seats5 = 1
| seats_after5 = 1
| seats_after5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1
| 1data5 = 0
| 1data5 = 0
| title = Majority Party

| before_election =
| title = Majority Party
| before_party = Republican Party (US)
| before_election =
| after_election =
| before_party = Republican Party (US)
| after_party = Republican Party (US)
| after_election =
| map_image = [[File:1876senatemap.svg|400px]]
| after_party = Republican Party (US)
| map_caption = '''Results of the elections:'''<br />{{Legend0|#0671B0|Democratic gain}} {{Legend0|#92C5DE|Democratic hold}}<br />{{Legend0|#CA0120|Republican gain}} {{Legend0|#F48882|Republican hold}}<br/>{{Legend0|#666666|Independent gain}}
}}
}}
The '''1876–77 United States Senate elections''' were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]'s narrow [[1876 United States presidential election|election]] as president. As these [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] elections were prior to the ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Seventeenth Amendment]] in 1913, senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]]. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1876 and 1877, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to [[Gridlock (politics)|legislative deadlock]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment|title=17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)|website=National Archives and Records Administration|date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> In these elections, terms were up for the senators in [[Classes of United States senators|Class 2]].
The '''United States Senate elections of 1876 and 1877''' had the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] gain five seats in the [[United States Senate]], and coincided with [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]'s narrow [[1876 United States presidential election|election]] as President. Republicans remained in the majority, however.


As these elections were prior to ratification of the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|seventeenth amendment]], Senators were chosen by [[State legislature (United States)|state legislatures]].
Although the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] maintained their Senate majority, the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] gained five seats.


== Results summary ==
== Results summary ==
Senate Party Division, [[45th United States Congress|45th Congress]] (1877–1879)
Senate party division, [[45th United States Congress|45th Congress]] (1877–1879)


* Majority Party: Republican (39)
* Majority party: Republican (39)
* Minority Party: Democratic (35)
* Minority party: Democratic (35)
* Other Parties: Anti-Monopoly (1), Independent (1)
* Other parties: Anti-Monopoly (1), Independent (1)
* '''Total Seats: 76'''
* '''Total seats: 76'''


== Change in Senate composition ==
== Change in Senate composition ==
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|-
|-
! [[#Louisiana (Special)|Louisiana]]<br/>(Class 3)
! [[#Louisiana (special)|Louisiana]]<br/>(Class 3)
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| colspan=3 | ''Vacant''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Senate had declined to seat rival claimants [[William L. McMillen]] and [[P. B. S. Pinchback]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3uyPnOiXLYC&q=senator+william+l+mcmillen+pinckney+bs+pinchback+Eustis+Marr&pg=PA483 | first=George S. | last=Taft | year=1885 | publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Publishing Office]] | title=Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 - Pages 483 - 512}}</ref> Senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected '''January 12, 1876'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Senate had declined to seat rival claimants [[William L. McMillen]] and [[P. B. S. Pinchback]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3uyPnOiXLYC&q=senator+william+l+mcmillen+pinckney+bs+pinchback+Eustis+Marr&pg=PA483 | first=George S. | last=Taft | year=1885 | publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Publishing Office]] | title=Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 - Pages 483 - 512}}</ref><br/>Senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate special election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected '''January 12, 1876'''.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[James B. Eustis]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James B. Eustis]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}


|-
|-
! [[#Connecticut (Special)|Connecticut]]<br/>(Class 3)
! [[#Connecticut (special)|Connecticut]]<br/>(Class 3)
| [[James E. English]]
| [[James E. English]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1875 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| 1875 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|elected]]-->elected '''May 17, 1876'''.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee retired when successor elected.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate special election in Connecticut|elected]]-->elected '''May 17, 1876'''.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[William Henry Barnum]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Henry Barnum]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
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|-
|-
! [[#Colorado (Initial)|Colorado]]<br/>(Class 2)
! [[#Colorado (Initial)|Colorado]]<br/>(Class 2)
| colspan=3 | New state
| colspan=3 rowspan=2 | ''New state''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.<br/>First senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado|elected]]-->elected '''November 15, 1876'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''.<br/>New senator was also elected to the next term, see below.
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.<br/>First senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado|elected]]-->elected '''November 15, 1876'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''.<br/>New senator was also elected to the next term, see below.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Henry M. Teller]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry M. Teller]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 346: Line 347:
|-
|-
! [[#Colorado (Initial)|Colorado]]<br/>(Class 3)
! [[#Colorado (Initial)|Colorado]]<br/>(Class 3)
| colspan=3 | New state
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.<br/>First senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado|elected]]-->elected '''November 15, 1876'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.<br/>First senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado|elected]]-->elected '''November 15, 1876'''.<br/>'''Republican gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Jerome B. Chaffee]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Jerome B. Chaffee]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}


|-
|-
! [[#Tennessee (Special)|Tennessee]]<br/>(Class 1)
! [[#Tennessee (special)|Tennessee]]<br/>(Class 1)
| [[David M. Key]]
| [[David M. Key]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1875 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| 1875 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost special election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected '''January 19, 1877''' on the 74th ballot.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost special election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected '''January 19, 1877''' on the 74th ballot.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[James E. Bailey]]''' (Democratic) 55 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James E. Bailey]]''' (Democratic) 55 votes
* [[David M. Key]] (Democratic) 38 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[David M. Key]] (Democratic) 38 votes
* [[W. B. Bates]] 7 votes<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[W. B. Bates]] (Unknown) 7 votes<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


|-
|-
! [[#Maine (Special)|Maine]]<br/>(Class 2)
! [[#Maine (special)|Maine]]<br/>(Class 2)
| [[James G. Blaine]]
| [[James G. Blaine]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1876 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| 1876 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Interim appointee <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in Maine|elected]]-->elected '''January 17, 1877'''.<br/>New senator also elected to the next term, see below.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Interim appointee <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in Maine|elected]]-->elected '''January 17, 1877'''.<br/>New senator also elected to the next term, see below.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[James G. Blaine]]''' (Republican) 139 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James G. Blaine]]''' (Republican) 139 votes
* [[William P. Haines]] 33 votes<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[William P. Haines]] (Unknown) 33 votes<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


|-
|-
! [[#West Virginia (Special)|West Virginia]]<br/>(Class 1)
! [[#West Virginia (special)|West Virginia]]<br/>(Class 1)
| [[Samuel Price]]
| [[Samuel Price]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1876 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| 1876 {{Small|(Appointed)}}
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost special election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in West Virginia|elected]]-->elected '''January 26, 1877''' on the 5th ballot.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Interim appointee lost special election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in West Virginia|elected]]-->elected '''January 26, 1877''' on the 5th ballot.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Frank Hereford]]''' (Democratic) 70 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Frank Hereford (politician)|Frank Hereford]]''' (Democratic) 70 votes
* [[Samuel Price]] 10 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Samuel Price]] (Democratic) 10 votes
* [[Henry S. Walker]] 4 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Henry S. Walker]] (Unknown) 4 votes
* [[R. F. Dennis]] 1 vote
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[R. F. Dennis]] (Unknown) 1 vote
* Other 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Other 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Alabama|1870]]
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Alabama|1870]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Alabama|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Alabama|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[John Tyler Morgan]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John Tyler Morgan]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Arkansas|elected]]-->elected January 16, 1877.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Arkansas|elected]]-->elected January 16, 1877.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Augustus Garland]]''' (Democratic) 113 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Augustus Garland]]''' (Democratic) 113 votes{{efn|"Eighteen Republicans voted for Garland, of whom five were colored."<ref name=Tribune1877/>}}
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[T. D. W. Youlee]] (Unknown) 8 votes
* {{Small|"Eighteen Republicans voted for Garland, of whom five were colored."<ref name=Tribune1877/>}}
* [[T. D. W. Youlee]] 8 votes
}}
}}


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| Incumbent re-elected in 1876 or 1877.
| Incumbent re-elected in 1876 or 1877.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Henry M. Teller]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry M. Teller]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
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|-
|-
! [[#Delaware|Delaware]]
! [[#Delaware|Delaware]]
| [[Eli M. Saulsbury]]
| [[Eli Saulsbury]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Delaware|1870]]
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Delaware|1870]]
| Incumbent <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Delaware|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1876.
| Incumbent <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Delaware|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1876.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Eli M. Saulsbury]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Eli Saulsbury]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
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| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| [[1871 United States Senate elections in Georgia|1871 {{Small|(Readmission)}}]]
| [[1871 United States Senate elections in Georgia|1871 {{Small|(Readmission)}}]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Georgia|elected]]-->elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Benjamin Harvey Hill]]''' (Democratic) 114 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Benjamin Harvey Hill]]''' (Democratic) 114 votes
* [[Thomas M. Norwood]] (Democratic) 85 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Thomas M. Norwood]] (Democratic) 85 votes
* [[Herschel V. Johnson]] 6 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Herschel V. Johnson]] (Democratic) 6 votes
* [[James M. Smith]] 5 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[James M. Smith]] (Democratic) 5 votes
* [[Charles J. Jenkins]] 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Charles J. Jenkins]] (Democratic) 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


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| {{Party shading/Independent (United States)}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Illinois|elected]]-->elected January 25, 1877 on the fortieth ballot.<br/>'''Independent gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Independent (United States)}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Illinois|elected]]-->elected January 25, 1877 on the fortieth ballot.<br/>'''Independent gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[David Davis (Supreme Court justice)|David Davis]]''' (Independent) 101 votes
* {{Party stripe|Independent (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[David Davis (Supreme Court justice)|David Davis]]''' (Independent) 101 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Charles B. Lawrence (judge)|Charles B. Lawrence]] (Unknown) 94 votes
* [[John A. Logan]] (Republican) 1 vote
* [[John Charles Haines|John C. Haines]] (Republican) 3 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[John Charles Haines|John C. Haines]] (Republican) 3 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[John A. Logan]] (Republican) 1 vote
* [[Charles B. Lawrence]] 94 votes
* Scattering 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Other 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


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| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Iowa|1870]]
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Iowa|1870]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Iowa|elected]]-->elected January 19, 1876.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Iowa|elected]]-->elected January 19, 1876.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Samuel J. Kirkwood]]''' (Republican) 108
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Samuel J. Kirkwood]]''' (Republican) 108
* [[Shepard Leffler]] 37<ref>{{cite book | title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the Sixteenth General Assembly of the State of Iowa | page=36–37 | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881589;view=1up;seq=54 | year=1876 | via=[[Google books]]}}</ref>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Shepard Leffler]] (Unknown) 37<ref>{{cite book | title=Journal of the House of Representatives of the Sixteenth General Assembly of the State of Iowa | pages=36–37 | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2881589;view=1up;seq=54 | year=1876 | via=[[Google books]]}}</ref>
}}
}}


Line 499: Line 498:
| [[James M. Harvey (politician)|James M. Harvey]]
| [[James M. Harvey (politician)|James M. Harvey]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1874 United States Senate special election in Kansas|1874 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
| [[1874 United States Senate special election in Kansas|1874 {{Small|(special)}}]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Kansas|elected]]-->elected January 31, 1877 on the seventeenth ballot.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Kansas|elected]]-->elected January 31, 1877 on the seventeenth ballot.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Preston B. Plumb]]''' (Republican) 89 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Preston B. Plumb]]''' (Republican) 89 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[David Perley Lowe|David P. Lowe]] (Republican) 63 votes
* [[John Martin (Governor of Kansas)|John Martin]] 8 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[John Martin (Governor of Kansas)|John Martin]] (Republican) 8 votes
* [[David Perley Lowe|David P. Lowe]] 63 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Thomas A. Osborn]] (Republican) Eliminated
* Scattering 3 votes<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[James M. Harvey (politician)|James M. Harvey]] (Republican) Eliminated
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Others 3 votes<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


Line 513: Line 514:
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| [[1871 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1871]]
| [[1871 United States Senate election in Kentucky|1871]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Kentucky|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[James B. Beck]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James B. Beck]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 524: Line 525:
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| 1870 or 1871
| 1870 or 1871
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected January 10, 1877.<ref name=Tribune1877>{{cite book | title=The Tribune almanac and political register. 1874-78 | editor= J. F. Cleveland, etc. | pages=31–33 | publisher=The Tribune Association | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044014654628;view=1up;seq=553}}</ref><br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Louisiana|elected]]-->elected January 10, 1877.<ref name=Tribune1877>{{cite book | title=The Tribune almanac and political register. 1874-78 | editor= J. F. Cleveland, etc. | pages=31–33 | publisher=The Tribune Association | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044014654628;view=1up;seq=553}}</ref><br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[William P. Kellogg]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William P. Kellogg]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 537: Line 538:
| Interim appointee <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Maine|elected]]-->elected January 16, 1877.<ref name=Tribune1877/><br/>New senator also elected to finish the term, see above.
| Interim appointee <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Maine|elected]]-->elected January 16, 1877.<ref name=Tribune1877/><br/>New senator also elected to finish the term, see above.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[James G. Blaine]]''' (Republican) 139 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[James G. Blaine]]''' (Republican) 139 votes
* [[William P. Haines]] 33 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[William P. Haines]] (Unknown) 33 votes
}}
}}


Line 545: Line 546:
| [[George S. Boutwell]]
| [[George S. Boutwell]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1873 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
| [[1873 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts|1873 {{Small|(special)}}]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]]-->elected in 1877.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts|elected]]-->elected in 1877.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[George Frisbie Hoar]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[George Frisbie Hoar]]''' (Republican) 146 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Josiah G. Abbott]] (Democratic) 62 votes
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[George S. Boutwell]] (Republican) 47 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Alexander H. Rice]] (Republican) 19 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Alexander H. Bullock]] (Republican) 1 vote
* {{Party stripe|Independent (US)}}[[Julius H. Seelye]] (Independent) 1 vote
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Paul A. Chadbourne]] (Republican) 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


Line 559: Line 565:
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Michigan|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1877.
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Michigan|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1877.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Thomas W. Ferry]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Thomas W. Ferry]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 570: Line 576:
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Minnesota|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1877.
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Minnesota|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1877.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[William Windom]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[William Windom]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 581: Line 587:
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Mississippi|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Mississippi|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II|Lucius Q.C. Lamar II]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II|Lucius Q.C. Lamar II]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 590: Line 596:
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Nebraska|1870]]
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Nebraska|1870]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Nebraska|elected]]-->elected in 1877.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Nebraska|elected]]-->elected in 1877.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Alvin Saunders]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Alvin Saunders]]''' (Republican)
* [[Phineas Hitchcock]] (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Phineas Hitchcock]] (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 602: Line 608:
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1864 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|1864]]<br/>[[1870 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|1870]]
| [[1864 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|1864]]<br/>[[1870 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|1870]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in New Hampshire|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Edward H. Rollins]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Edward H. Rollins]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 615: Line 621:
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]]-->elected January 24, 1877.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in New Jersey|elected]]-->elected January 24, 1877.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[John R. McPherson]]''' (Democratic) 41 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John R. McPherson]]''' (Democratic) 41 votes
* [[Cortland Parker]] 18 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Cortland Parker]] (Unknown) 18 votes
* [[George M. Robeson]] 11 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[George M. Robeson]] (Republican) 11 votes
* [[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen|Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] (Republican) 10 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen|Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] (Republican) 10 votes
* [[William Walter Phelps]] 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[William Walter Phelps]] (Republican) 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


Line 626: Line 632:
| [[Matt Whitaker Ransom|Matt W. Ransom]]
| [[Matt Whitaker Ransom|Matt W. Ransom]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| [[1872 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|1872 {{Small|(Special)}}]]
| [[1872 United States Senate special election in North Carolina|1872 {{Small|(special)}}]]
| Incumbent <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in North Carolina|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1876.
| Incumbent <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in North Carolina|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1876.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Matt Whitaker Ransom|Matt W. Ransom]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Matt Whitaker Ransom|Matt W. Ransom]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 638: Line 644:
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Oregon|1870]]
| [[1870 United States Senate election in Oregon|1870]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator's election year unknown.<br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator's election year unknown.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[La Fayette Grover]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[La Fayette Grover]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 651: Line 657:
| Incumbent <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1876.
| Incumbent <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Rhode Island|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1876.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Henry B. Anthony]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry B. Anthony]]''' (Republican)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 662: Line 668:
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in South Carolina|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in South Carolina|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Matthew Butler]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Matthew Butler]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 671: Line 677:
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democratic
| 1870 or 1871
| 1870 or 1871
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected January 10, 1877.<ref name=Tribune1877/><br/>Democratic hold.
| {{Party shading/Democratic/Hold}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Tennessee|elected]]-->elected January 10, 1877.<ref name=Tribune1877/><br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Isham G. Harris]]''' (Democratic) 77 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Isham G. Harris]]''' (Democratic) 77 votes
* [[L. L. Hawkins]] 19 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[L. L. Hawkins]] (Unknown) 19 votes
* [[James D. Porter]] 1 vote
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[James D. Porter]] (Democratic) 1 vote
* [[Horace H. Harrison]] 1 vote
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}[[Horace H. Harrison]] (Republican) 1 vote
* [[W. B. Bates]] 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[W. B. Bates]] (Unknown) 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


Line 685: Line 691:
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1870 United States Senate elections in Texas|1870 {{Small|(Readmission)}}]]<br/>[[1871 United States Senate election in Texas|1871]]
| [[1870 United States Senate elections in Texas|1870 {{Small|(Readmission)}}]]<br/>[[1871 United States Senate election in Texas|1871]]
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Texas|elected]]-->elected in 1876.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Incumbent retired.<br/>New senator <!--[[1876 United States Senate election in Texas|elected]]-->elected May 5, 1876 on third ballot.<br/>'''Democratic gain'''.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Richard Coke]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Richard Coke]]''' (Democratic) 68 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John Ireland (politician)|John Ireland]] (Democratic) 49 votes
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}


Line 698: Line 704:
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1877.
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in Virginia|re-elected]]-->re-elected in 1877.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[John W. Johnston]]''' (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[John W. Johnston]]''' (Democratic)
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
* {{dm|date=February 2020}}
}}
}}
Line 709: Line 715:
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in West Virginia|re-elected]]-->re-elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.
| Incumbent <!--[[1877 United States Senate election in West Virginia|re-elected]]-->re-elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Henry G. Davis]]''' (Democratic) 60 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Henry G. Davis]]''' (Democratic) 60 votes
* [[Charles J. Faulkner]] 19 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Charles J. Faulkner]] (Democratic) 19 votes
* [[Gideon D. Camden]] 3 votes
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Gideon D. Camden]] (Democratic) 3 votes
* [[John Brannon]] 2 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[John Brannon (politician)|John Brannon]] (Unknown) 2 votes
* [[John J. Davis (congressman)|John J. Davis]] 1 vote
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[John J. Davis (congressman)|John J. Davis]] (Democratic) 1 vote
* Scattering 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Other 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}
}}


Line 736: Line 742:


|-
|-
! [[#Pennsylvania (Special)|Pennsylvania]]<br/>(Class 3)
! [[#Pennsylvania (special)|Pennsylvania]]<br/>(Class 3)
| [[Simon Cameron]]
| [[Simon Cameron]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1857 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1857]]<br/>1861 {{Small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1867]]<br/>[[1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1873]]
| [[1857 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1857]]<br/>1861 {{Small|(Resigned)}}<br/>[[1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1867]]<br/>[[1873 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1873]]
| {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1877.<br/>Successor [[1877 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania|elected]] '''March 20, 1877'''.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1877.<br/>Successor [[1877 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania|elected]] '''March 20, 1877'''.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[J. Donald Cameron]]''' (Republican)
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[J. Donald Cameron]]''' (Republican)
* [[Andrew H. Dill]] (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Andrew H. Dill]] (Democratic)
* [[Hiester Clymer]] (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Hiester Clymer]] (Democratic)
* [[Andrew Gregg Curtin|Andrew G. Curtin]] (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Andrew Gregg Curtin|Andrew G. Curtin]] (Democratic)
* John Jackson (Democratic)
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}John Jackson (Democratic)
}}
}}


|-
|-
! [[#Ohio (Special)|Ohio]]<br/>(Class 3)
! [[#Ohio (special)|Ohio]]<br/>(Class 3)
| [[John Sherman]]
| [[John Sherman]]
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republican
| [[1861 United States Senate special election in Ohio|1861 {{Small|(Special)}}]]<br/>[[1866 United States Senate election in Ohio|1866]]<br/>[[1872 United States Senate election in Ohio|1872]]
| [[1861 United States Senate special election in Ohio|1861 {{Small|(special)}}]]<br/>[[1866 United States Senate election in Ohio|1866]]<br/>[[1872 United States Senate election in Ohio|1872]]
| {{Party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 8, 1877 to become [[U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]].<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in Ohio|elected]]-->elected '''March 21, 1877'''.<br/>Republican hold.
| {{Party shading/Republican/Hold}} | Incumbent resigned March 8, 1877 to become [[U.S. Secretary of the Treasury]].<br/>New senator <!--[[1877 United States Senate special election in Ohio|elected]]-->elected '''March 21, 1877'''.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
| nowrap | {{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Stanley Matthews (judge)|Stanley Matthews]]''' (Republican) 82 votes
* {{Party stripe|Republican Party (US)}}{{Aye}} '''[[Stanley Matthews (judge)|Stanley Matthews]]''' (Republican) 82 votes
* [[Alfred Ginther]] 6 votes
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}[[Alfred Ginther]] (Unknown) 6 votes
* [[Frank H. Hurd]] (Democratic) 1 vote{{sfn | Taylor & Taylor | p=76, vol. II}}
* {{Party stripe|Democratic Party (US)}}[[Frank H. Hurd]] (Democratic) 1 vote{{sfn | Taylor & Taylor | p=76, vol. II}}
* {{Party stripe|Unknown}}Blank 34 votes
}}
}}


|}
|}




== Alabama ==
== Alabama ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Alabama}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Alabama}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Alabama}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Alabama}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Arkansas ==
== Arkansas ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Arkansas}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Arkansas}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Arkansas}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Arkansas}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Colorado ==
== Colorado ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from Colorado}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Colorado}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


=== Colorado (Initial, class 2) ===
=== Colorado (initial, class 2) ===
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado}}-->


=== Colorado (Initial, class 3) ===
=== Colorado (initial, class 3) ===
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate elections in Colorado}}-->


=== Colorado (Regular) ===
=== Colorado (regular) ===


== Connecticut (Special) ==
== Connecticut (special) ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Connecticut}}
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Connecticut}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Connecticut}}-->
Line 794: Line 799:
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Delaware}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Delaware}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Delaware}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Delaware}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Georgia ==
== Georgia ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Georgia}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Georgia}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Georgia}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Georgia}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Illinois ==
== Illinois ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Illinois}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Illinois}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Illinois}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Illinois}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Iowa ==
== Iowa ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Iowa}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Iowa}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Iowa}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Iowa}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Kansas ==
== Kansas ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Kansas}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Kansas}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Kansas}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Kansas}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Kentucky ==
== Kentucky ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Kentucky}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Kentucky}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Kentucky}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Kentucky}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Louisiana ==
== Louisiana ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from Louisiana}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Louisiana}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


=== Louisiana (Special) ===
=== Louisiana (special) ===
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Louisiana}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Louisiana}}-->


=== Louisiana (Regular) ===
=== Louisiana (regular) ===
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Louisiana}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Louisiana}}-->


== Maine ==
== Maine ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maine}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Maine}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


=== Maine (Regular) ===
=== Maine (regular) ===
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Maine}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Maine}}-->


=== Maine (Special) ===
=== Maine (special) ===
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Maine}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Maine}}-->


Line 844: Line 849:
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Massachusetts}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Massachusetts}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Michigan ==
== Michigan ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Michigan}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Michigan}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Michigan}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Michigan}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Minnesota ==
== Minnesota ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Minnesota}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Minnesota}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Minnesota}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Minnesota}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Mississippi ==
== Mississippi ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Mississippi}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Mississippi}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Mississippi}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Mississippi}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Nebraska ==
== Nebraska ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Nebraska}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Nebraska}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Nebraska}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Nebraska}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== New Hampshire ==
== New Hampshire ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in New Hampshire}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in New Hampshire}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Hampshire}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Hampshire}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== New Jersey ==
== New Jersey ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in New Jersey}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in New Jersey}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from New Jersey}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== North Carolina ==
== North Carolina ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in North Carolina}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in North Carolina}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from North Carolina}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from North Carolina}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Ohio (Special) ==
== Ohio (special) ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Ohio}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Ohio}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Ohio}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Ohio}}
Line 887: Line 892:
== Oregon ==
== Oregon ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from Oregon}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Oregon}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Pennsylvania (Special) ==
== Pennsylvania (special) ==
The special election in Pennsylvania was held March 20, 1877.
The special election in Pennsylvania was held March 20, 1877.


[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Senator [[Simon Cameron]] had been elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Senate]], in [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1867|1867]] and was re-elected in [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1873|1873]]. Sen. Cameron resigned on March 12, 1877.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMERON, Simon, (1799 - 1889)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000068|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Senator [[Simon Cameron]] had been elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] and the [[Pennsylvania State Senate|Senate]], in [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1867|1867]] and was re-elected in [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1873|1873]]. Sen. Cameron resigned on March 12, 1877.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMERON, Simon, (1799 - 1889)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000068|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref>


Following the resignation of Simon Cameron, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 20, 1877, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Former [[United States Secretary of War]] J. Donald Cameron, Simon Cameron's son, was elected to complete his father's term, set to expire on March 4, 1879.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMERON, James Donald, (1833 - 1918)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000065|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
Following the resignation of Simon Cameron, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 20, 1877, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Former [[United States Secretary of War]] J. Donald Cameron, Simon Cameron's son, was elected to complete his father's term, set to expire on March 4, 1879.<ref>{{cite web|title=CAMERON, James Donald, (1833 - 1918)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000065|publisher=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref> The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:


{{Election box begin no change| title= Pennsylvania Results<ref name=Penn>{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 20 March 1877|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1877.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|accessdate=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
{{Election box begin no change| title= Pennsylvania Results<ref name=Penn>{{cite web|title=U.S. Senate Election - 20 March 1877|url=http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1877.pdf|publisher=Wilkes University|access-date=December 22, 2013}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
Line 944: Line 949:
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Rhode Island}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Rhode Island}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Rhode Island}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Rhode Island}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== South Carolina ==
== South Carolina ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in South Carolina}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in South Carolina}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from South Carolina}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== Tennessee ==
== Tennessee ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from Tennessee}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Tennessee}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


=== Tennessee (Regular) ===
=== Tennessee (regular) ===
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Tennessee}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Tennessee}}-->


=== Tennessee (Special) ===
=== Tennessee (special) ===
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Tennessee}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in Tennessee}}-->


== Texas ==
== Texas ==
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Texas}}-->
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate election in Texas}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Texas}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Texas}}{{Infobox election
| election_date = May 3–5, 1876
{{Expand section}}
| election_name = 1876 United States Senate election in Texas
| country = Texas
| type = presidential
| next_year = 1882
| candidate1 = '''[[Richard Coke]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| image1 = File:Richard_Coke_-_Brady-Handy_(cropped).jpg
| candidate2 = [[John Ireland (politician)|John Ireland]]
| 1blank = First ballot
| votes_for_election = '''Needed to win:''' Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
| after_election = [[Richard Coke]]
| title = [[List of United States senators from Texas|U.S. senator]]
| next_election = 1882–83 United States Senate elections#Texas
| previous_election = 1870–71 United States Senate elections#Texas
| previous_year = 1870
| vote_type = Members'
| image2 = File:John_ireland.jpg
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| before_party = Republican Party (United States)
| before_election = [[Morgan C. Hamilton]]
| 2blank = Third ballot
| 1data1 = 49 votes<br>40.2%
| 2data1 = '''68 votes<br>58.1%'''
| 1data2 = 39 votes<br>32.0%
| 2data2 = 49 votes<br>41.9%
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| posttitle = Elected U.S. Senator
}}
Incumbent Republican [[Morgan C. Hamilton]] did not run for re-election. Since his initial election in [[1870–71 United States Senate elections|1870]], the Democratic Party had taken control of the [[Texas Legislature]], ensuring that a Democrat would replace him. Incumbent [[Governor of Texas|governor]] [[Richard Coke]] defeated former [[Supreme Court of Texas|Texas Supreme Court]] justice [[John Ireland (politician)|John Ireland]] on the third ballot. [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. Representative]] [[John Hancock (Texas politician)|John Hancock]] and former governor [[Fletcher Stockdale]] also ran, but they dropped out after the second round of balloting.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barr |first=Chester Alwyn Jr. |title=Reconstruction to Reform |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=1971 |isbn=0-292-70135-7 |location=Austin, Texas |pages=27–31 |language=en |lccn=73-165911}}</ref>

{{Election box begin no change|title=1876 United States Senate election in Texas first ballot}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Richard Coke]]|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=49|percentage=40.2%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[John Ireland (politician)|John Ireland]]|votes=39|percentage=32.0%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[John Hancock (Texas politician)|John Hancock]]|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=29|percentage=23.8%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Fletcher Stockdale]]|votes=5|percentage=4.1%}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=122|percentage=100.0%}}
{{Election box end}}

{{Election box begin no change|title=1876 United States Senate election in Texas third ballot}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Richard Coke]]|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=68|percentage=58.1%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[John Ireland (politician)|John Ireland]]|votes=49|percentage=41.9%}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=117|percentage=100.0%}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|winner=Democratic Party (United States)|loser=Republican Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}


== Virginia ==
== Virginia ==
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Virginia}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in Virginia}}-->
{{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from Virginia}}
{{Expand section}}
{{Expand section|date=January 2021}}


== West Virginia ==
== West Virginia ==
{{See also|List of United States senators from West Virginia}}
{{See also|List of United States senators from West Virginia}}
{{Expand section}}


=== West Virginia (Regular) ===
=== West Virginia (special) ===
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in West Virginia}}-->

{{Infobox election
| election_date = January 23–26, 1877
| election_name = 1877 United States Senate special election in West Virginia
| country = West Virginia
| type = presidential
| next_year = 1881
| candidate1 = '''[[Frank Hereford (politician)|Frank Hereford]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| image1 = File:Frank Hereford - Brady-Handy.jpg
| candidate2 = [[Samuel Price]]
| 1blank = First ballot
| votes_for_election = '''Needed to win:''' Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
| after_election = [[Frank Hereford (politician)|Frank Hereford]]
| title = [[List of United States senators from West Virginia|U.S. senator]]
| next_election = 1880–81 United States Senate elections
| previous_election = 1874–75 United States Senate elections#West Virginia
| previous_year = 1875
| vote_type = Members'
| image2 = File:Samuel Price - Brady-Handy.jpg
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| before_election = [[Samuel Price]]
| 2blank = Fourth ballot
| 1data1 = 21 votes<br>24.1%
| 2data1 = '''70 votes<br>81.4%'''
| 1data2 = 24 votes<br>27.6%
| 2data2 = 10 votes<br>11.6%
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| posttitle = Elected U.S. Senator
}}First-term Democrat [[Allen T. Caperton]] died July 26, 1876, in his second year in office. Fellow-Democrat [[Samuel Price]] was appointed August 26, 1876 to continue the term, pending a special election in which he was a candidate. Price lost the election to Democratic congressman [[Frank Hereford (politician)|Frank Hereford]] January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.<ref name=Tribune1877/>

{{Plainlist |
* {{Aye}} '''[[Frank Hereford (politician)|Frank Hereford]]''' (Democratic) 70 votes
* [[Samuel Price]] 10 votes
* [[Henry S. Walker]] 4 votes
* [[R. F. Dennis]] 1 vote
* Other 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}

Hereford resigned from the House January 31, 1877, thereby qualifying for the Senate. He only finished the term and left office in 1881.

{{Clear}}

=== West Virginia (regular) ===
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in West Virginia}}-->
<!--{{Main|1877 United States Senate election in West Virginia}}-->


{{Infobox election
=== West Virginia (Special) ===
| election_date = January 23–26, 1877
<!--{{Main|1876 United States Senate special election in West Virginia}}-->
| election_name = 1877 United States Senate election in West Virginia
| country = West Virginia
| type = presidential
| next_year = 1883
| candidate1 = '''[[Henry G. Davis]]'''
| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)
| image1 = File:HenryGDavis.png
| candidate2 = [[Charles J. Faulkner]]
| 1blank = First ballot
| votes_for_election = '''Needed to win:''' Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
| after_election = [[Henry G. Davis]]
| title = [[List of United States senators from West Virginia|U.S. senator]]
| next_election = 1882–83 United States Senate elections#West Virginia
| previous_election = 1870–71 United States Senate elections#West Virginia
| previous_year = 1871
| vote_type = Members'
| image2 = File:Charles J. Faulkner 1806-1884 - Brady-Handy.jpg
| after_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| before_party = Democratic Party (United States)
| before_election = [[Henry G. Davis]]
| 2blank = Third ballot
| 1data1 = 24 votes<br>27.6%
| 2data1 = '''60 votes<br>69.0%'''
| 1data2 = 24 votes<br>27.6%
| 2data2 = 19 votes<br>21.8%
| party2 = Democratic Party (United States)
| posttitle = Elected U.S. Senator
}}First-term Democrat [[Henry G. Davis]] was re-elected January 26, 1877 on the third ballot.


{{Plainlist |
==Notes==
* {{Aye}} '''[[Henry G. Davis]]''' (Democratic) 60 votes
{{notelist}}
* [[Charles J. Faulkner]] 19 votes
* [[Gideon D. Camden]] 3 votes
* [[John Brannon (politician)]] 2 votes
* [[John J. Davis (congressman)|John J. Davis]] 1 vote
* Scattering 1 vote<ref name=Tribune1877/>
}}

Davis would retire after this second term, in 1883.


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[1876 United States elections]]
* [[1876 United States elections]]
** [[1876 United States presidential election]]
** [[1876 United States presidential election]]
** [[1876 and 1877 United States House of Representatives elections]]
** [[1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections]]
* [[44th United States Congress]]
* [[44th United States Congress]]
* [[45th United States Congress]]
* [[45th United States Congress]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
Line 1,005: Line 1,138:
|year=1899
|year=1899
|publisher=State of Ohio
|publisher=State of Ohio
|page =
|ref={{sfnRef|Taylor & Taylor}}
|ref={{sfnRef|Taylor & Taylor}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA240
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ztegAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA240
Line 1,011: Line 1,143:


{{United States Senate elections}}
{{United States Senate elections}}
{{Reconstruction Era}}


[[Category:1876 United States Senate elections| ]]
[[Category:1876 United States Senate elections| ]]
[[Category:1877 United States Senate elections| ]]
[[Category:1877 United States Senate elections| ]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:1876-77 United States Senate elections}}

Latest revision as of 18:40, 31 October 2023

1876–77 United States Senate elections
← 1874 & 1875 Dates vary by state
(And other dates for special elections)		 1878 & 1879 →
26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
39 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry B. Anthony[a] John W. Stevenson[b]
(retired)
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1863 March 4, 1873
Leader's seat Rhode Island Kentucky
Seats before 45 30
Seats won 11 14
Seats after 39 35
Seat change Decrease 6 Increase 5
Seats up 17 9
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Anti-Monopoly Independent
Seats before 1 0
Seats won 0 1
Seats after 1 1
Seat change Steady Increase 1
Seats up 0 0
Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Independent gain
Majority Party before election


Republican

Elected Majority Party


Republican

The 1876–77 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with Rutherford B. Hayes's narrow election as president. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1876 and 1877, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

Although the Republican Party maintained their Senate majority, the Democratic Party gained five seats.

Results summary[edit]

Senate party division, 45th Congress (1877–1879)

  • Majority party: Republican (39)
  • Minority party: Democratic (35)
  • Other parties: Anti-Monopoly (1), Independent (1)
  • Total seats: 76

Change in Senate composition[edit]

Before the elections[edit]

After the November 15, 1876 elections in the new state of Colorado.

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D28
Retired 		D27
Retired 		D26
Ran 		D25
Ran 		D24
Ran 		D23
Ran 		D22
Ran 		D21 D20 D19
D29
Retired 		D30
Retired 		AM1 R45
Retired 		R44
Retired 		R43
Retired 		R42
Retired 		R41
Unknown 		R40
Unknown 		R39
Unknown
Majority →
R29
Ran 		R30
Ran 		R31
Ran 		R32
Ran 		R33
Ran 		R34
Ran 		R35
Ran 		R36
Ran 		R37
Ran 		R38
Ran
R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19
R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1

After the elections[edit]

D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1
D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18
D28
Hold 		D27
Hold 		D26
Hold 		D25
Re-elected 		D24
Re-elected 		D23
Re-elected 		D22
Re-elected 		D21 D20 D19
D29
Hold 		D30
Hold 		D31
Gain 		D32
Gain 		D33
Gain 		D34
Gain 		D35
Gain 		I1
Gain 		AM1 R39
Hold
Majority →
R29
Re-elected 		R30
Re-elected 		R31
Re-elected 		R32
Re-elected 		R33
Re-elected 		R34
Hold 		R35
Hold 		R36
Hold 		R37
Hold 		R38
Hold
R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19
R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18
R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1
Key:
AM# Anti-Monopoly Party
D# Democratic
I# Independent
R# Republican

Race summaries[edit]

Special elections during the 44th Congress[edit]

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1876 or in 1877 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Louisiana
(Class 3) 		Vacant Senate had declined to seat rival claimants William L. McMillen and P. B. S. Pinchback.[2]
Senator elected January 12, 1876.
Democratic gain.
Connecticut
(Class 3) 		James E. English Democratic 1875 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired when successor elected.
New senator elected May 17, 1876.
Democratic hold.
Colorado
(Class 2) 		New state Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876.
Republican gain.
New senator was also elected to the next term, see below.
Colorado
(Class 3) 		Colorado admitted to the Union August 1, 1876.
First senator elected November 15, 1876.
Republican gain.
Tennessee
(Class 1) 		David M. Key Democratic 1875 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost special election.
New senator elected January 19, 1877 on the 74th ballot.
Democratic hold.
Maine
(Class 2) 		James G. Blaine Republican 1876 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 17, 1877.
New senator also elected to the next term, see below.
West Virginia
(Class 1) 		Samuel Price Democratic 1876 (Appointed) Interim appointee lost special election.
New senator elected January 26, 1877 on the 5th ballot.
Democratic hold.

Races leading to the 45th Congress[edit]

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1877; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Alabama George Goldthwaite Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1876.
Democratic hold.
Arkansas Powell Clayton Republican 1870 Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.
New senator elected January 16, 1877.
Democratic gain.
Colorado Henry M. Teller Republican 1876 (New state) Incumbent re-elected in 1876 or 1877.
Delaware Eli Saulsbury Democratic 1870 Incumbent re-elected in 1876.
Georgia Thomas M. Norwood Democratic 1871 (Readmission) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic hold.
Illinois John A. Logan Republican 1870 or 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 25, 1877 on the fortieth ballot.
Independent gain.
Iowa George G. Wright Republican 1870 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 19, 1876.
Republican hold.
Kansas James M. Harvey Republican 1874 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New elected January 31, 1877 on the seventeenth ballot.
Republican hold.
Kentucky John W. Stevenson Democratic 1871 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1876.
Democratic hold.
Louisiana Joseph R. West Republican 1870 or 1871 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 10, 1877.[3]
Republican hold.
Maine James G. Blaine Republican 1876 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 16, 1877.[3]
New senator also elected to finish the term, see above.
Massachusetts George S. Boutwell Republican 1873 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.
New senator elected in 1877.
Republican hold.
Michigan Thomas W. Ferry Republican 1871 Incumbent re-elected in 1877.
Minnesota William Windom Republican 1870 (Appointed)
1871 		Incumbent re-elected in 1877.
Mississippi James L. Alcorn Republican 1870 Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1876.
Democratic gain.
Nebraska Phineas Hitchcock Republican 1870 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1877.
Republican hold.
New Hampshire Aaron H. Cragin Republican 1864
1870 		Unknown if incumbent retired or ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1876.
Republican hold.
New Jersey Frederick T. Frelinghuysen Republican 1870 or 1871 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected January 24, 1877.
Democratic gain.
North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1876.
Oregon James K. Kelly Democratic 1870 Incumbent retired.
New senator's election year unknown.
Democratic hold.
Rhode Island Henry B. Anthony Republican 1858
1864
1870 		Incumbent re-elected in 1876.
South Carolina Thomas J. Robertson Republican 1868 (Readmission)
1870 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1876.
Democratic gain.
Tennessee Henry Cooper Democratic 1870 or 1871 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 10, 1877.[3]
Democratic hold.
Texas Morgan C. Hamilton Republican 1870 (Readmission)
1871 		Incumbent retired.
New senator elected May 5, 1876 on third ballot.
Democratic gain.
Virginia John W. Johnston Democratic 1870 (Readmission)
1871 		Incumbent re-elected in 1877.
West Virginia Henry G. Davis Democratic 1871 Incumbent re-elected January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.

Elections during the 45th Congress[edit]

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1877 after March 4.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Pennsylvania
(Class 3) 		Simon Cameron Republican 1857
1861 (Resigned)
1867
1873 		Incumbent resigned March 12, 1877.
Successor elected March 20, 1877.
Republican hold.
Ohio
(Class 3) 		John Sherman Republican 1861 (special)
1866
1872 		Incumbent resigned March 8, 1877 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury.
New senator elected March 21, 1877.
Republican hold.

Alabama[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Alabama

Arkansas[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Arkansas

Colorado[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Colorado

Colorado (initial, class 2)[edit]

Colorado (initial, class 3)[edit]

Colorado (regular)[edit]

Connecticut (special)[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Connecticut

Delaware[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Delaware

Georgia[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Georgia

Illinois[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Illinois

Iowa[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Iowa

Kansas[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Kansas

Kentucky[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Kentucky

Louisiana[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Louisiana

Louisiana (special)[edit]

Louisiana (regular)[edit]

Maine[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Maine

Maine (regular)[edit]

Maine (special)[edit]

Massachusetts[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Massachusetts

Michigan[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Michigan

Minnesota[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Minnesota

Mississippi[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Mississippi

Nebraska[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Nebraska

New Hampshire[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from New Hampshire

New Jersey[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from New Jersey

North Carolina[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from North Carolina

Ohio (special)[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Ohio

Oregon[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Oregon

Pennsylvania (special)[edit]

The special election in Pennsylvania was held March 20, 1877.

Republican Senator Simon Cameron had been elected to the United States Senate by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1867 and was re-elected in 1873. Sen. Cameron resigned on March 12, 1877.[6]

Following the resignation of Simon Cameron, the Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on March 20, 1877, to elect a new Senator to fill the vacancy. Former United States Secretary of War J. Donald Cameron, Simon Cameron's son, was elected to complete his father's term, set to expire on March 4, 1879.[7] The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

Pennsylvania Results[8]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican J. Donald Cameron 147 58.57
Democratic Andrew H. Dill 92 36.65
Democratic Hiester Clymer 1 0.40
Democratic Andrew G. Curtin 1 0.40
Democratic John Jackson 1 0.40
N/A Not voting 9 3.59
Totals 251 100.00%

Rhode Island[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Rhode Island

South Carolina[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from South Carolina

Tennessee[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Tennessee

Tennessee (regular)[edit]

Tennessee (special)[edit]

Texas[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Texas
1876 United States Senate election in Texas
← 1870 May 3–5, 1876 1882 →
Needed to win: Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
 
Candidate Richard Coke John Ireland
Party Democratic Democratic
First ballot 49 votes
40.2% 		39 votes
32.0%
Third ballot 68 votes
58.1% 		49 votes
41.9%
U.S. senator before election

Morgan C. Hamilton
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Richard Coke
Democratic

Incumbent Republican Morgan C. Hamilton did not run for re-election. Since his initial election in 1870, the Democratic Party had taken control of the Texas Legislature, ensuring that a Democrat would replace him. Incumbent governor Richard Coke defeated former Texas Supreme Court justice John Ireland on the third ballot. U.S. Representative John Hancock and former governor Fletcher Stockdale also ran, but they dropped out after the second round of balloting.[9]

1876 United States Senate election in Texas first ballot
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Coke 49 40.2%
Democratic John Ireland 39 32.0%
Democratic John Hancock 29 23.8%
Democratic Fletcher Stockdale 5 4.1%
Total votes 122 100.0%
1876 United States Senate election in Texas third ballot
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Coke 68 58.1%
Democratic John Ireland 49 41.9%
Total votes 117 100.0%
Democratic gain from Republican

Virginia[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from Virginia

West Virginia[edit]

See also: List of United States senators from West Virginia

West Virginia (special)[edit]

1877 United States Senate special election in West Virginia
← 1875 January 23–26, 1877 1881 →
Needed to win: Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
 
Candidate Frank Hereford Samuel Price
Party Democratic Democratic
First ballot 21 votes
24.1% 		24 votes
27.6%
Fourth ballot 70 votes
81.4% 		10 votes
11.6%
U.S. senator before election

Samuel Price
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Frank Hereford
Democratic

First-term Democrat Allen T. Caperton died July 26, 1876, in his second year in office. Fellow-Democrat Samuel Price was appointed August 26, 1876 to continue the term, pending a special election in which he was a candidate. Price lost the election to Democratic congressman Frank Hereford January 26, 1877 on the fourth ballot.[3]

Hereford resigned from the House January 31, 1877, thereby qualifying for the Senate. He only finished the term and left office in 1881.

West Virginia (regular)[edit]

1877 United States Senate election in West Virginia
← 1871 January 23–26, 1877 1883 →
Needed to win: Majority of votes cast jointly by the Legislature
 
Candidate Henry G. Davis Charles J. Faulkner
Party Democratic Democratic
First ballot 24 votes
27.6% 		24 votes
27.6%
Third ballot 60 votes
69.0% 		19 votes
21.8%
U.S. senator before election

Henry G. Davis
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Henry G. Davis
Democratic

First-term Democrat Henry G. Davis was re-elected January 26, 1877 on the third ballot.

Davis would retire after this second term, in 1883.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ as Republican Conference Chair
  2. ^ as Democratic Caucus Chair
  3. ^ "Eighteen Republicans voted for Garland, of whom five were colored."[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. ^ Taft, George S. (1885). Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 - Pages 483 - 512. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q J. F. Cleveland, etc. (ed.). The Tribune almanac and political register. 1874-78. The Tribune Association. pp. 31–33.
  4. ^ Journal of the House of Representatives of the Sixteenth General Assembly of the State of Iowa. 1876. pp. 36–37 – via Google books.
  5. ^ Taylor & Taylor, p. 76, vol. II.
  6. ^ "CAMERON, Simon, (1799 - 1889)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  7. ^ "CAMERON, James Donald, (1833 - 1918)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  8. ^ "U.S. Senate Election - 20 March 1877" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  9. ^ Barr, Chester Alwyn Jr. (1971). Reconstruction to Reform. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. pp. 27–31. ISBN 0-292-70135-7. LCCN 73-165911.

Further reading[edit]

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