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{{Short description|none}}
{{Politics of Belgium}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1878 Belgian general election
| country = Belgium
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1876 Belgian general election
| previous_year = 1876
| next_election = 1880 Belgian general election
| next_year = 1880
| seats_for_election = 66 of the 132 seats in the [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]]
| majority_seats = 67
| election_date = {{Start date|1878|06|11|df=yes}}


| image1 = [[File:Fr%C3%A8reOrban.jpg|150x150px]]
'''General elections''' were held in [[Belgium]] in 1878.<ref name=DS>Sternberger, D, Vogel, B & Nohlen, D (1969) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band I: Europa - Erster Halbband'', p105</ref> The result was a victory for the [[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]], which won 72 of the 132 seats in the [[Belgian Chamber of Representatives|Chamber of Representatives]] and 36 of the 66 seats in the [[Belgian Senate|Senate]].<ref name=DS/> Voter turnout was 72.0%, although only 91,777 people were eligible to vote.<ref name=DS/>
| leader1 = [[Walthère Frère-Orban]]
| leader_since1 = ''Candidate for PM''
| party1 = Liberal Party (Belgium)
| seats_before1 = 57 seats
| seats1 = 48
| seats_after1 = 72
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 15
| popular_vote1 = 21,283
| percentage1 = 50.31%
| swing1 =

| image2 = [[File:Jules_Malou_ars-moriendi.jpg|150x150px]]
| leader2 = [[Jules Malou]]
| leader_since2 = ''Candidate for PM''
| party2 = Catholic Party (Belgium)
| seats_before2 = 67 seats
| seats2 = 18
| seats_after2 = 60
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 7
| popular_vote2 = 20,700
| percentage2 = 48.94%
| swing2 =

| title = [[Cabinet of Belgium|Government]]
| posttitle = Government after election
| before_election = [[Jules Malou|Malou I]]
| before_party = Catholic Party (Belgium)
| after_election = [[Walthère Frère-Orban|Frère-Orban II]]
| after_party = Liberal Party (Belgium)
}}{{Politics of Belgium}}

Partial general elections were held in [[Belgium]] on 11 June, 18 June and 15 July 1878.<ref>''Codebook'' Constituency-level Elections Archive, 2003</ref><ref name=DS>Sternberger, D, Vogel, B & Nohlen, D (1969) ''Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band I: Europa - Erster Halbband'', p105</ref> The result was a victory for the [[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]], which won 72 of the 132 seats in the [[Belgian Chamber of Representatives|Chamber of Representatives]] and 36 of the 66 seats in the [[Belgian Senate|Senate]].<ref name=DS/> Voter turnout was 62.5%, although only 56,640 people were eligible to vote.

Under the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: [[Hainaut Province|Hainaut]], [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]], [[Liège Province|Liège]] and [[East Flanders]]. Additionally, special elections were held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Brussels and Kortrijk after these electoral districts got one extra seat due to population growth.

They were the first elections with strict guarantees for [[secret ballot]]s following the law of 9 July 1877, which contributed to the success of the liberals.


==Results==
==Results==
===Chamber of Representatives===
===Chamber of Representatives===
{{Election results
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|image=[[File:Belgian Chamber 1878.svg]]
!Party
|seattype1=Won|seattype2=Total|seattype3=+/–
!Votes
|party1=[[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]]|votes1=18966|st1t1=48|st2t1=72|st3t1=+15
!%
|party2=[[Catholic Party (Belgium)|Catholic Party]]|votes2=17085|st1t2=18|st2t2=60|st3t2=–7
!Seats
|total_st3t=+8
!+/–
|totalvotes=36051
|electorate=57640
|source=Mackie & Rose,<ref name=T>Thomas T. Mackie & Richard Rose (1991) ''The International Almanac of Electoral History'', Macmillan, pp48–49</ref> Sternberger ''et al''.
}}

===Senate===
{{Election results
|image=[[File:Belgium Senate 1878.svg|250px]]
|party1=[[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]]|votes1=|seats1=36
|party2=[[Catholic Party (Belgium)|Catholic Party]]|votes2=|seats2=30
|source=Sternberger ''et al''.
}}

==Constituencies==
The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:<ref>[http://www.dekamer.be/digidoc/DPS/K2295/K22952079/K22952079.PDF List of members of the Chamber of Representatives (1878)]</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! Province !! Arrondissement !! Seats !! Change
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Antwerp Province|Antwerp]] || [[Arrondissement of Antwerp|Antwerp]] || 7 || +1
|align=left|[[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]]|| || ||72||+15
|-
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Mechelen|Mechelen]] || 3 || –
|align=left|[[Catholic Party (Belgium)|Catholic Party]]|| || ||60||–7
|-
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Turnhout|Turnhout]] || 3 || –
|align=left|'''Total'''|| || ||'''132'''||'''+8'''
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]] || [[Arrondissement of Hasselt|Hasselt]] || 2 || –
|align=left colspan=5|Source: Sternberger et al.
|}
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Maaseik|Maaseik]] || 1 || –

|-
===Senate===
| [[Arrondissement of Tongeren|Tongeren]] || 2 || –
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|-
!Party
| rowspan="6" | [[East Flanders]] || [[Arrondissement of Aalst|Aalst]] || 3 || –
!Votes
|-
!%
| [[Arrondissement of Oudenaarde|Oudenaarde]] || 3 || –
!Seats
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Ghent|Gent]] || 8 || +1
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Eeklo|Eeklo]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Dendermonde|Dendermonde]] || 3 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Sint-Niklaas|Sint-Niklaas]] || 3 || –
|-
| rowspan="8" | [[West Flanders]] || [[Arrondissement of Bruges|Bruges]] || 3 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Roeselare|Roeselare]] || 2 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Tielt|Tielt]] || 2 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Kortrijk|Kortrijk]] || 4 || +1
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Ypres|Ypres]] || 3 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Veurne|Veurne]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Diksmuide|Diksmuide]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Ostend|Ostend]] || 1 || –
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Province of Brabant|Brabant]] || [[Arrondissement of Leuven|Leuven]] || 5 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Brussels|Brussels]] || 14 || +1
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Nivelles|Nivelles]] || 4 || –
|-
| rowspan="6" | [[Hainaut Province|Hainaut]] || [[Arrondissement of Tournai|Tournai]] || 4 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Ath|Ath]] || 2 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Charleroi|Charleroi]] || 7 || +2
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Thuin|Thuin]] || 3 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Mons|Mons]] || 5 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Soignies|Soignies]] || 3 || –
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[Liège Province|Liège]] || [[Arrondissement of Huy|Huy]] || 2 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Waremme|Waremme]] || 2 || +1
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Liège|Liège]] || 8 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Verviers|Verviers]] || 4 || +1
|-
| rowspan="5" | [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Luxembourg]] || [[Arrondissement of Arlon|Arlon]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Marche-en-Famenne|Marche]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Bastogne|Bastogne]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Neufchâteau, Belgium|Neufchâteau]] || 1 || –
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Virton|Virton]] || 1 || –
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Namur Province|Namur]] || [[Arrondissement of Namur|Namur]] || 4 || –
|align=left|[[Liberal Party (Belgium)|Liberal Party]]|| || ||36
|-
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Dinant|Dinant]] || 2 || –
|align=left|[[Catholic Party (Belgium)|Catholic Party]]|| || ||30
|-
|-
| [[Arrondissement of Philippeville|Philippeville]] || 2 || –
|align=left|'''Total'''|| || ||'''66'''
|-
|-
! !! !! 132 || +8
|align=left colspan=4|Source: Sternberger et al.
|}
|}


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{{Belgian elections}}
{{Belgian elections}}


[[Category:Elections in Belgium]]
[[Category:1870s elections in Belgium]]
[[Category:1878 in Belgium]]
[[Category:1878 in Belgium|General]]
[[Category:1878 elections in Europe]]
[[Category:1878 elections in Europe|Belgium]]
[[Category:June 1878 events|Belgium]]

Latest revision as of 18:10, 11 October 2023

1878 Belgian general election
← 1876 11 June 1878 (1878-06-11) 1880 →
66 of the 132 seats in the Chamber of Representatives
67 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader Walthère Frère-Orban Jules Malou
Party Liberal Catholic
Leader since Candidate for PM Candidate for PM
Seats before 57 seats 67 seats
Seats won 48 18
Seats after 72 60
Seat change Increase 15 Decrease 7
Popular vote 21,283 20,700
Percentage 50.31% 48.94%
Government before election

Malou I
Catholic

Government after election

Frère-Orban II
Liberal

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Partial general elections were held in Belgium on 11 June, 18 June and 15 July 1878.[1][2] The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 72 of the 132 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 36 of the 66 seats in the Senate.[2] Voter turnout was 62.5%, although only 56,640 people were eligible to vote.

Under the alternating system, elections for the Chamber of Representatives were only held in four out of the nine provinces: Hainaut, Limburg, Liège and East Flanders. Additionally, special elections were held in the arrondissements of Antwerp, Brussels and Kortrijk after these electoral districts got one extra seat due to population growth.

They were the first elections with strict guarantees for secret ballots following the law of 9 July 1877, which contributed to the success of the liberals.

Results

[edit]

Chamber of Representatives

[edit]
PartyVotes%Seats
WonTotal+/–
Liberal Party18,96652.614872+15
Catholic Party17,08547.391860–7
Total36,051100.0066132+8
Total votes36,051–
Registered voters/turnout57,64062.55
Source: Mackie & Rose,[3] Sternberger et al.

Senate

[edit]
PartySeats
Liberal Party36
Catholic Party30
Total66
Source: Sternberger et al.

Constituencies

[edit]

The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives, with the difference compared to the previous election due to population growth:[4]

Province Arrondissement Seats Change
Antwerp Antwerp 7 +1
Mechelen 3 –
Turnhout 3 –
Limburg Hasselt 2 –
Maaseik 1 –
Tongeren 2 –
East Flanders Aalst 3 –
Oudenaarde 3 –
Gent 8 +1
Eeklo 1 –
Dendermonde 3 –
Sint-Niklaas 3 –
West Flanders Bruges 3 –
Roeselare 2 –
Tielt 2 –
Kortrijk 4 +1
Ypres 3 –
Veurne 1 –
Diksmuide 1 –
Ostend 1 –
Brabant Leuven 5 –
Brussels 14 +1
Nivelles 4 –
Hainaut Tournai 4 –
Ath 2 –
Charleroi 7 +2
Thuin 3 –
Mons 5 –
Soignies 3 –
Liège Huy 2 –
Waremme 2 +1
Liège 8 –
Verviers 4 +1
Luxembourg Arlon 1 –
Marche 1 –
Bastogne 1 –
Neufchâteau 1 –
Virton 1 –
Namur Namur 4 –
Dinant 2 –
Philippeville 2 –
132 +8

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Codebook Constituency-level Elections Archive, 2003
  2. ^ a b Sternberger, D, Vogel, B & Nohlen, D (1969) Die Wahl der Parlamente: Band I: Europa - Erster Halbband, p105
  3. ^ Thomas T. Mackie & Richard Rose (1991) The International Almanac of Electoral History, Macmillan, pp48–49
  4. ^ List of members of the Chamber of Representatives (1878)
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