1926 United States Senate elections: Difference between revisions

1926 United States Senate elections
34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate; 49 seats needed for a majority
	Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican hold
Majority Leader before election; Charles Curtis; Republican	Elected Majority Leader ; Charles Curtis; Republican

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The United States Senate elections of 1926 was an election for the United States Senate which occurred in the middle of Republican President Calvin Coolidge's second term. The Republican majority was reduced by seven seats.

Gains and losses

Seven Republican incumbents lost re-election to Democrats:

Arizona: Republican incumbent Ralph H. Cameron lost to Democrat Carl Hayden.
Kentucky: Republican incumbent Richard P. Ernst lost to Democrat Alben W. Barkley.
Maryland: Republican incumbent Ovington E. Weller lost to Democrat Millard E. Tydings.
Massachusetts: Republican incumbent appointee William M. Butler lost to Democrat David I. Walsh.
Missouri: Republican incumbent appointee George H. Williams lost to Democrat Harry B. Hawes both to finish the term and to the next term.
New York: Republican incumbent James W. Wadsworth, Jr. lost to Democrat Robert F. Wagner.
Oklahoma: Republican incumbent John W. Harreld lost to Democrat Elmer Thomas.

Five Republican incumbents lost renomination, but their seats were held by Republicans:

Colorado: Republican incumbent Rice W. Means lost renomination to Republican challenger Charles W. Waterman, who then won the general election.
Illinois: Republican incumbent William B. McKinley lost renomination to Republican challenger Republican challenger Frank L. Smith, who then won the general election.
Oregon: Republican incumbent Robert N. Stanfield lost renomination to Republican challenger Frederick Steiwer, who then won the general election.
Pennsylvania: Republican incumbent George W. Pepper lost renomination to Republican challenger William S. Vare, who then won the general election.
Wisconsin: Republican incumbent Irvine L. Lenroot lost renomination to Republican challenger John J. Blaine, who then won the general election.

No Democratic incumbents lost re-election or renomination. The only change in a Democratic seat was in Alabama, where Democrat Oscar Underwood retired and was replaced by Democrat Hugo L. Black.

No third party candidates won these elections. The sole third party incumbent (from the Farmer–Labor Party) was not up for election this year.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	R₄₅	R₄₆	R₄₇	R₄₈
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉	D₄₀	FL₁	R₅₅	R₅₄	R₅₃	R₅₂	R₅₁	R₅₀	R₄₉
Majority →									R₄₈
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈*
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Notes:

R₂₈ (Maine class 2): Republican Bert M. Fernald had died August 23, 1926. Republican Arthur J. Gould was elected to finish the term on September 13, 1926, but he wasn't seated until November 30, 1926.

Beginning of the next Congress

R₃₉ √	R₄₀ √	R₄₁ √	R₄₂ √	R₄₃ O	R₄₄ O	R₄₅ O	R₄₆ O	R₄₇ O*	R₄₈ O*
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ √	D₃₇ √	D₃₆ √	D₃₅ √	D₃₄ √	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ √	D₄₀ O	D₄₁ +	D₄₂ +	D₄₃ +	D₄₄ +	D₄₅ +	D₄₆ +	D₄₇ +	FL₁
Majority →									R₄₈ O*
R₃₈ √	R₃₇ √	R₃₆ √	R₃₅ √	R₃₄ √	R₃₃ √	R₃₂ √	R₃₁ √	R₃₀ √	R₂₉ √
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Notes:

R₄₇ O (Pennsylvania class 3): Republican incumbent George W. Pepper lost renomination to William S. Vare. Vare was then elected for the term starting March 4, 1927. The Senate refused to qualify him due to charges of corruption and fraud concerning this election. The Senate would later unseat Vare on December 9, 1929, declaring the seat vacant.^[1]
R₄₈ O (Illinois class 3): Republican incumbent William B. McKinley lost renomination to Frank L. Smith. Smith was then elected for the term starting March 4, 1927. McKinley died December 7, 1926, before the end of the Congress. Smith was appointed to finish McKinley's term, but the Senate refused his credentials. At the beginning of the next term, the Senate again refused his credentials. Smith would later resign the seat on February 9, 1928.^[2]

Key:

D_#	Democratic
FL_#	Farmer–Labor
R_#	Republican

√	Incumbent re-elected or appointee elected to finish term
O	Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+	Party gain: New senator elected from different party

Race summaries

Special elections during the 69th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1926 or before March 4, 1927; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
North Dakota (Class 3)	Gerald Nye	Republican	1926 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected June 30, 1926. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Gerald Nye (Republican) [data missing]
Maine (Class 2)	Bert M. Fernald	Republican	1916 (Special) 1918 1924	Incumbent died August 23, 1926. New senator elected September 13, 1926. Republican hold.	√ Arthur J. Gould (Republican), 71.8% Fulton J. Redman (Democratic) 28.2%
Iowa (Class 3)	David W. Stewart	Republican	1926 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 2, 1926. Winner did not seek election to the next term, see below.	√ David W. Stewart (Republican) Unopposed
Indiana (Class 1)	Arthur Raymond Robinson	Republican	1925 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected November 2, 1926.	√ Arthur Raymond Robinson (Republican) 50.6% Evans Woollen (Democratic) 48.4% Albert Stanley (Prohibitionist) 0.5% William O. Fogleson (Socialist) 0.5%
Massachusetts (Class 1)	William M. Butler	Republican	1924 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 2, 1926. Democratic gain.	√ David I. Walsh (Democratic) 52.0% William M. Butler (Republican) 46.5%
Missouri (Class 3)	George H. Williams	Republican	1925 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected November 2, 1926. Democratic gain. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Harry B. Hawes (Democratic) 52.1% George H. Williams (Republican) 47.9%

Elections leading to the 70th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1927; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	Oscar Underwood	Democratic	1914 1920	Incumbent retired. New senator elected. Democratic hold.	√ Hugo L. Black (Democratic) 80.9% E. H. Dryer (Republican) 19.1%
Arizona	Ralph H. Cameron	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	√ Carl Hayden (Democratic) 58.3% Ralph H. Cameron (Republican) 41.7%
Arkansas	Thaddeus H. Caraway	Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Thaddeus H. Caraway (Democratic) 82.8% R. A. Jones (Republican) 17.2%
California	Samuel M. Shortridge	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Samuel M. Shortridge (Republican) 63.1% John B. Elliott (Democratic) 36.9%
Colorado	Rice W. Means	Republican	1924 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold.	√ Charles W. Waterman (Republican) 50.3% William E. Sweet (Democratic) 46.4%
Connecticut	Hiram Bingham III	Republican	1924 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Hiram Bingham III (Republican) 63.3% Rollin U. Tyler (Democratic) 35.6%
Florida	Duncan U. Fletcher	Democratic	1908 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Duncan U. Fletcher (Democratic) 77.9% John M. Lindsay (Independent) 12.8%
Georgia	Walter F. George	Democratic	1922 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Walter F. George (Democratic) Unopposed
Idaho	Frank R. Gooding	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Frank R. Gooding (Republican) 45.4% H. F. Samuels (Progressive) 29.6% John F. Nugent (Democratic) 25.0%
Illinois	William B. McKinley	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost renomination, then died. New senator elected. Winner appointed to finish term, but was not seated for either appointment or for next term.^[3] Republican hold, although the Senate did not consider the winner to be a Senator.	√ Frank L. Smith (Republican) 46.9% George E. Brennan (Democratic) 43.1% Hugh S. Magill (Independent) 8.7%
Indiana	James E. Watson	Republican	1916 (Special 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ James E. Watson (Republican) 50.0% Albert Stump (Democratic) 48.9% William H. Harris (Prohibitionist) 0.5% Forrest Wallace (Socialist) 0.5%
Iowa	David W. Stewart	Republican	1926 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected. Republican hold. Winner did not run to finish the term.	√ Smith W. Brookhart (Republican) 56.6% Claude R. Porter (Democratic) 43.4%
Kansas	Charles Curtis	Republican	1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Charles Curtis (Republican), 63.6% Charles Stephens (Democratic) 34.7% M.L. Phillips (Socialist) 1.7%
Kentucky	Richard P. Ernst	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	√ Alben W. Barkley (Democratic) 51.8% Richard P. Ernst (Republican) 48.2%
Louisiana	Edwin S. Broussard	Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Edwin S. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed
Maryland	Ovington E. Weller	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	√ Millard E. Tydings (Democratic) 57.5% Ovington E. Weller (Republican) 41.4% William A. Toole (Socialist) 1.1%
Missouri	George H. Williams	Republican	1925 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1927 and lost election to the next term. Democratic gain.	√ Harry B. Hawes (Democratic) 51.3% George H. Williams (Republican) 47.7%
Nevada	Tasker L. Oddie	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Tasker L. Oddie (Republican), 55.8% Raymond T. Baker (Democratic) 42.5%
New Hampshire	George H. Moses	Republican	1918 (Special) 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ George H. Moses (Republican), 62.3% Robert C. Murchie (Democratic) 37.7%
New York	James W. Wadsworth, Jr.	Republican	1914 1920	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	√ Robert F. Wagner (Democratic) 46.5% James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (Republican) 42.4% Franklin W. Cristman (Independent Republican) 8.2%
North Carolina	Lee S. Overman	Democratic	1903 1909 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Lee S. Overman (Democratic), 60.5% Johnson J. Hayes (Republican) 39.5%
North Dakota	Gerald P. Nye	Republican	1925 (Appointed) 1926 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Gerald P. Nye (Republican), 69.6% Norris H. Nelson (Independent) 12.2% F. F. Burchard (Democratic) 8.7% C. P. Stone (Independent) 6.3%
Ohio	Frank B. Willis	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Frank B. Willis (Republican), 53.2% Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 46.6%
Oklahoma	John W. Harreld	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected. Democratic gain.	√ Elmer Thomas (Democratic) 54.8% John W. Harreld (Republican) 44.7%
Oregon	Robert N. Stanfield	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost renomination, then ran as an Independent but lost re-election. New senator elected. Republican hold.	√ Frederick Steiwer (Republican) 39.8% Bert E. Haney (Democratic) 36.3% Robert N. Stanfield (Independent) 22.5%
Pennsylvania	George W. Pepper	Republican	1922 (Appointed) 1922 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Senate refused to qualify winner due to charges of corruption and fraud concerning the election. Republican hold, but the Senate would later unseat the winner and declare the seat vacant.	√ William S. Vare (Republican) 54.6% William B. Wilson (Democratic) 43.1%
South Carolina	Ellison D. Smith	Democratic	1908 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Ellison D. Smith (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Peter Norbeck	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Peter Norbeck (Republican), 59.5% C. J. Gunderson (Democratic) 33.3% Howard Platt (Independent) 7.2%
Utah	Reed Smoot	Republican	1903 1909 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Reed Smoot (Republican), 61.5% Ashby Snow (Democratic) 37.6%
Vermont	Porter H. Dale	Republican	1923 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Porter H. Dale (Republican), 73.4% James E. Kennedy (Democratic) 26.5%
Washington	Wesley L. Jones	Republican	1908 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected.	√ Wesley L. Jones (Republican), 51.3% A. Scott Bullitt (Democratic) 46.5%
Wisconsin	Irvine L. Lenroot	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected. Republican hold.	√ John J. Blaine (Republican) 55.0% Charles D. Rosa (Independent) 20.3% Thomas M. Kearney (Democratic) 12.2% Leo Krzycki (Socialist) 5.7%

References

^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000071
^ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000534
^ Frank L. Smith defeated William B. McKinley for the 1926 Republican nomination in Illinois and won the subsequent general election. McKinley died shortly before the end of his term, so Smith was appointed to replace him. When Smith presented his credentials to serve the remainder of McKinely's term, the Senate refused to seat him based on what it saw as an election rife with fraud and corruption. When Smith returned with his credentials for the term he was elected to, the Senate again refused to seat him for the same reasons. Smith and the Governor considered him to be the rightful senator, but he resigned February 9, 1928.

[1] ttp://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000071

[2] ttp://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000534

[3] Frank L. Smith defeated William B. McKinley for the 1926 Republican nomination in Illinois and won the subsequent general election. McKinley died shortly before the end of his term, so Smith was appointed to replace him. When Smith presented his credentials to serve the remainder of McKinely's term, the Senate refused to seat him based on what it saw as an election rife with fraud and corruption. When Smith returned with his credentials for the term he was elected to, the Senate again refused to seat him for the same reasons. Smith and the Governor considered him to be the rightful senator, but he resigned February 9, 1928.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 391: / Line 391: @@
 ! Party
 ! Electoral history
+|-
+| [[List of United States Senators from North Dakota|North Dakota]]<br/>(Class 3)
+| nowrap | [[Gerald Nye]]
+| {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
+| nowrap | 1926 (Appointed)
+| Interim appointee [[United States Senate special election in North Dakota, 1926|elected]] '''June 30, 1926'''.<br/>Winner was also elected to the next term, see below.
+| nowrap | '''√ [[Gerald Nye]]''' (Republican)<br/>{{dm}}
 |-
@@ Line 536: / Line 544: @@
 | nowrap | [[James E. Watson]]
 | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
-| nowrap | [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1916 (Special)|1916]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1920|1920]]
+| nowrap | [[United States Senate special election in Indiana, 1916|1916 (Special]]<br/>[[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1920|1920]]
 | Incumbent [[United States Senate election in Indiana, 1926|re-elected]].
 | nowrap | '''√ [[James E. Watson]]''' (Republican) 50.0%<br/>[[Albert Stump]] (Democratic) 48.9%<br/>William H. Harris (Prohibitionist) 0.5%<br/>[[Forrest Wallace]] (Socialist) 0.5%
@@ Line 656: / Line 664: @@
 | nowrap | [[George W. Pepper]]
 | {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
-| nowrap | 1922 (Appointed)<br/>[[United States Senate special election in South Carolina, 1922|1922 (Special)]]
+| nowrap | 1922 (Appointed)<br/>[[United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania, 1922|1922 (Special)]]
 | {{party shading/Hold}} | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>New senator [[United States Senate election in South Pennsylvania, 1926|elected]].<br/>Senate refused to qualify winner due to charges of corruption and fraud concerning the election.<br/>Republican hold, but the Senate would later unseat the winner and declare the seat vacant.
 | nowrap | '''√ [[William S. Vare]]''' (Republican) 54.6%<br/>[[William B. Wilson]] (Democratic) 43.1%