2010 Sudanese general election: Difference between revisions
GreenC bot (talk | contribs) Rescued 1 archive link. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#google.com/hostednews |
|||
(14 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|none}} |
|||
{{Infobox election |
{{Infobox election |
||
|country = Sudan |
|||
|election_name = 2010 Sudanese general election |
|||
|previous_election = 2000 Sudanese general election |
|||
|country = Sudan |
|||
|previous_year = 2000 |
|||
|type = parliamentary |
|||
|next_election = 2015 Sudanese general election |
|||
|> |
|||
|next_year = 2015 |
|||
|previous_election = 2000 Sudanese general election |
|||
|election_date = 11–15 April 2010 |
|||
|previous_year = 2000 |
|||
|previous_mps = |
|||
|next_election = 2015 Sudanese general election |
|||
|next_year = 2015 |
|||
|next_mps = |
|||
|seats_for_election = |
|||
|party_name = no |
|||
|election_date = 11–15 April 2010 |
|||
|module = {{Infobox election |
|||
|colour1 = 008000 |
|||
|embed = yes |
|||
|image1 = [[File:Omar al-Bashir, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-137.jpg|150x150px]] |
|||
|election_name = Presidential election |
|||
|leader1 = [[Omar al-Bashir]] |
|||
|type = presidential |
|||
|leader_since1 = |
|||
|party1 = [[National Congress (Sudan)|National Congress]] |
|||
|leaders_seat1 = |
|||
|last_election1 = |
|||
|seats1 = 323 |
|||
|seat_change1 = –32 |
|||
|popular_vote1 = |
|||
|percentage1 = 68.2% |
|||
|swing1 = |
|||
|image1 = Omar al-Bashir, 12th AU Summit, 090202-N-0506A-137.jpg |
|||
|colour2 = 0F47AF |
|||
|nominee1 = [[Omar al-Bashir]] |
|||
|image2 = [[File:YasirArman SPLM-N Hermannsburg2015 RomanDeckert (cropped).jpg|150x150px]] |
|||
|party1 = National Congress Party (Sudan) |
|||
|leader2 = [[Yasir Arman]] |
|||
|popular_vote1 = 6,901,694 |
|||
|leader_since2 = |
|||
|percentage1 = 68.24% |
|||
|party2 = [[Sudan People's Liberation Movement|SPLM]] |
|||
|leaders_seat2 = |
|||
|last_election2 = |
|||
|seats2 = 99 |
|||
|seat_change2 = +99 |
|||
|popular_vote2 = |
|||
|percentage2 = 22% |
|||
|swing2 = |
|||
|image2 = YasirArman SPLM-N Hermannsburg2015 RomanDeckert (cropped).jpg |
|||
|colour3 = 00FF66 |
|||
|nominee2 = [[Yasir Arman]] |
|||
|image3 = [[File:HassanAlTurabi Feb2015 RomanDeckert.jpg|150x150px]] |
|||
|party2 = Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North |
|||
|leader3 = [[Hassan al-Turabi]] |
|||
|popular_vote2 = 2,193,826 |
|||
|leader_since3 = |
|||
|percentage2 = 21.69% |
|||
|party3 = [[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress]] |
|||
|leaders_seat3 = |
|||
|last_election3 = |
|||
|seats3 = 4 |
|||
|seat_change3 = +4 |
|||
|popular_vote3 = |
|||
|percentage3 = 4% |
|||
|swing3 = |
|||
|title = President |
|||
|colour4 = 00A6EF |
|||
|before_election = [[Omar al-Bashir]] |
|||
|image4 = |
|||
|before_party = National Congress Party (Sudan) |
|||
|leader4 = Hatim al-Sir |
|||
|after_election = [[Omar al-Bashir]] |
|||
|party4 = [[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]] |
|||
|after_party = National Congress Party (Sudan) |
|||
|percentage4 = |
|||
|seats4 = 4 |
|||
|seat_change4 = +4 |
|||
| module = {{Infobox legislative election |
|||
|colour5 = 008000 |
|||
| embed = yes |
|||
|image5 = [[File:Al-Sadiq al-Mahdi 1964.jpg|150x150px]] |
|||
| election_name = National Assembly election |
|||
|leader5 = [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]] |
|||
| nopercentage = yes |
|||
|party5 = [[Umma Party (Sudan)|Umma]] |
|||
| party1 = National Congress Party (Sudan) | leader1 = [[Omar al-Bashir]] | seats1 = 324 | last_election1 = 351 |
|||
|percentage5 = |
|||
| party2 = Sudan People's Liberation Movement | leader2 = [[Salva Kiir]] | seats2 = 99 | last_election2 = New |
|||
|seats5 = 3 |
|||
| party3 = Popular Congress Party (Sudan) | leader3 = [[Hassan al-Turabi]] | seats3 = 4 | last_election3 = New |
|||
|seat_change5 = +3 |
|||
| party4 = Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan) | leader4 = [[Hatim al-Sir]] | seats4 = 4 | last_election4 = New |
|||
| party5 = [[National Umma Party|Umma Federal]] | leader5 = {{nowrap|[[Ahmad Babiker Nahar]]}} | seats5 = 3 | last_election5 = New |
|||
| party6 = [[National Umma Party|Umma Renewal & Reform]] | leader6 = [[Mubarak al Fadil al Mahdi|Mubarak al Mahdi]] | seats6 = 3 | last_election6 = New |
|||
| party7 = [[Democratic Unionist Party–Original|DUP–Original]] | leader7 = | seats7 = 1 | last_election7 = New |
|||
| party8 = [[Democratic Change (South Sudan)|SPLM–Democratic Change]] | leader8 = [[Lam Akol]] | seats8 = 2 | last_election8 = New |
|||
| party9 = Muslim Brotherhood | leader9 = | seats9 = 1 | last_election9 = New |
|||
| party10 = National Umma Party | leader10 = [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]] | seats10 = 1 | last_election10 = New |
|||
| party11 = [[National Umma Party|Umma Collective Leadership]] | leader11 = [[Sadiq al-Hadi al-Mahdi|Sadiq al-Hadi]] | seats11 = 1 | last_election11 = New |
|||
| party12 = Independents | leader12 = – | seats12 = 3 | last_election12 = 5 |
|||
}}}}}}{{Politics of Sudan}} |
|||
|colour6 = AAAAAA |
|||
|image6 = |
|||
|leader6 = Others |
|||
|party6 = Others |
|||
|seats6 = 13 |
|||
|seat_change6 = –8 |
|||
|title = President |
|||
|posttitle = |
|||
|before_election = [[Omar al-Bashir]] |
|||
|before_party = [[National Congress (Sudan)|National Congress]] |
|||
|after_election = [[Omar al-Bashir]] |
|||
|after_party = [[National Congress (Sudan)|National Congress]] |
|||
}}{{Politics of Sudan}} |
|||
General elections were held in [[Sudan]] between 11 and 15 April 2010, extended from the original end date of 13 April.<ref name=sudantribune734>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34734 BREAKING NEWS: Sudan election board extends voting period for two days] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606162151/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34734 |date=2019-06-06 }} [[Sudan Tribune]]. 12 April 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://electionguide.org/country-events.php?ID=202 |title=IFES Election Guide – Country Profile: Sudan – Elections |publisher=Electionguide.org |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref><ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=88167 SUDAN: Elections in a volatile climate] IRIN Africa. 19 February 2010</ref> The elections were held to elect the [[President of Sudan|President]] and [[National Assembly of Sudan]], as well as the [[List of Presidents of South Sudan|President]] and [[Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] of [[South Sudan|Southern Sudan]]. The election brought to the end the [[transitional government|transitional period]] which began when the decades-long [[Second Sudanese Civil War]] ended in 2005. |
|||
Early results on 20 April showed that President Omar al-Bashir's party [[National Congress (Sudan)|National Congress]] was well ahead.<ref name=BBC3602/> On 26 April, full results were announced and al-Bashir was confirmed as the winner by having received 68.24% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsworld.php?id=493737 |title=Elections In Sudan: President Al-Bashir Re-elected |publisher=[[Bernama]]|date=2010-04-27 |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> |
Early results on 20 April showed that President Omar al-Bashir's party [[National Congress (Sudan)|National Congress]] was well ahead.<ref name=BBC3602/> On 26 April, full results were announced and al-Bashir was confirmed as the winner by having received 68.24% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v5/newsworld.php?id=493737 |title=Elections In Sudan: President Al-Bashir Re-elected |publisher=[[Bernama]]|date=2010-04-27 |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> |
||
Line 89: | Line 56: | ||
==Background== |
==Background== |
||
===Date=== |
===Date=== |
||
The elections were originally scheduled to be held from March to April 2009, but there were reports that they may be delayed up to six months from the latest possible date of July 2009 due to problems with the preparation of the vote.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7610670.stm Sudan election 'could be delayed'] [[BBC News]]. 11 September 2008</ref> However, on 2 April 2009, the electoral commission pushed the date back to 6 February to 21 February 2010<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7980032.stm Sudan elections put back to 2010] BBC News. 2 April 2009</ref> and results were to be declared on 27 February 2010. The elections will entail: national presidential and parliamentary, the [[Government of Southern Sudan (2005–2011)|south Sudanese]] presidency, state governors, the southern parliament and state assemblies. The voting will be early in the month so results may be fielded late in the month. The electoral commission released the date after the [[International Criminal Court]] issued an arrest warrant for President Bashir on 4 March 2009. |
The elections were originally scheduled to be held from March to April 2009, but there were reports that they may be delayed up to six months from the latest possible date of July 2009 due to problems with the preparation of the vote.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7610670.stm Sudan election 'could be delayed'] [[BBC News]]. 11 September 2008</ref> However, on 2 April 2009, the electoral commission pushed the date back to 6 February to 21 February 2010<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7980032.stm Sudan elections put back to 2010] BBC News. 2 April 2009</ref> and results were to be declared on 27 February 2010. The elections will entail: national presidential and parliamentary, the [[Government of Southern Sudan (2005–2011)|south Sudanese]] presidency, state governors, the southern parliament, and state assemblies. The voting will be early in the month so results may be fielded late in the month. The electoral commission released the date after the [[International Criminal Court]] issued an arrest warrant for President Bashir on 4 March 2009. |
||
On 11 June 2009, it was rumoured that the elections might be delayed for a short time once more.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31460 Sudan may delay 2010 elections] Sudan Tribune. 10 June 2009</ref> This was immediately rejected by the government.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31471 Sudan dismisses new delay of general elections] Sudan Tribune. 12 June 2009</ref> However, it was announced on 30 June 2009 that the election would be postponed until 5 April to 12 April 2010 after problems with the national census. The census results were expected early April 2009 but were not released until mid-May 2009; upon its release, the SPLM contested that [[Government of Southern Sudan (2005–2011)|Southern Sudan]] are a third of Sudan's total population while the census reported that they made up 21 percent of the total population.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8127562.stm Sudan delays presidential ballot] BBC News. 30 June 2009</ref><ref name="final-census-results">{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/Sudan-announces-details-of,31243 |title=Sudan announces details of contested census results|publisher=Sudan Tribune |date=2009-05-21 |access-date=2011-07-09}}</ref> It is unknown if the [[2010 Darfurian amalgamation referendum|Darfurian amalgamation referendum]], due to take place in July 2010, will be pulled back to match the general election. |
On 11 June 2009, it was rumoured that the elections might be delayed for a short time once more.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31460 Sudan may delay 2010 elections] Sudan Tribune. 10 June 2009</ref> This was immediately rejected by the government.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31471 Sudan dismisses new delay of general elections] Sudan Tribune. 12 June 2009</ref> However, it was announced on 30 June 2009 that the election would be postponed until 5 April to 12 April 2010 after problems with the national census. The census results were expected early April 2009 but were not released until mid-May 2009; upon its release, the SPLM contested that [[Government of Southern Sudan (2005–2011)|Southern Sudan]] are a third of Sudan's total population while the census reported that they made up 21 percent of the total population.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8127562.stm Sudan delays presidential ballot] BBC News. 30 June 2009</ref><ref name="final-census-results">{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/Sudan-announces-details-of,31243 |title=Sudan announces details of contested census results|publisher=Sudan Tribune |date=2009-05-21 |access-date=2011-07-09}}</ref> It is unknown if the [[2010 Darfurian amalgamation referendum|Darfurian amalgamation referendum]], due to take place in July 2010, will be pulled back to match the general election. |
||
===Census=== |
===Census=== |
||
A census, which was necessary for the election to be held, was initially planned to be held in July 2007, then from 15 November 2007 onwards, then delayed to be held from 2 February 2008 onwards due to funding issues.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6975469.stm | work=BBC News | title=Funds row delays key Sudan census | date=2 September 2007}}</ref> It was again postponed to 15–30 April 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25213 |title=Sudan's census delayed to April 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enoughproject.org/node/577 |title=Democracy: A Key to Peace In Sudan | Enough |publisher=[[Enough Project]] |date=2008-05-14 |access-date=2011-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119160006/http://www.enoughproject.org./node/577 |archive-date=2008-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 12 April 2008, a few days before the census was slated to start, the [[Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement|SPLM]] withdrew from the census, stating that they wanted [[Internally displaced person|IDPs]] to return to their homes before the census would take place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26731 |title=Sudan census delayed till year end raising doubt on 2009 elections |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> However, it was agreed on 14 April 2008 to start the census on 22 April 2008 instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26755 |title=BREAKING NEWS: Sudan president and SPLM chairman resolve census row |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> It was finished by 6 May 2008 (with about 90% of the country covered by then; many people claimed, however, not to have been counted, but officials stated that in no state was the covering rate below 80%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27040 |title=Sudan says 90 percent covered on last day of census |publisher=Sudan Tribune|access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref>) Preliminary results that hit the press in early July claimed a population of about {{Nowrap|38 million}}, with {{Nowrap|3.8 million}} in [[Southern Sudan]]. This strongly contradicted former estimates of at least {{Nowrap|8 million}} residents in the south. However, the [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Sudan)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] quickly denied these figures, saying no numbers had yet been released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27792 |title=Sudan preliminary census results released – report |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> The full results of the census were announced on a press conference by Central Bureau of Statistics on 12 May 2009. The total of Sudan's population were reported as 39,154,490, with 8,260,490 in the south.<ref name="final-census-results"/> |
A census, which was necessary for the election to be held, was initially planned to be held in July 2007, then from 15 November 2007 onwards, then delayed to be held from 2 February 2008 onwards due to funding issues.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6975469.stm | work=BBC News | title=Funds row delays key Sudan census | date=2 September 2007}}</ref> It was again postponed to 15–30 April 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25213 |title=Sudan's census delayed to April 2008 |date=11 December 2007 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.enoughproject.org/node/577 |title=Democracy: A Key to Peace In Sudan | Enough |publisher=[[Enough Project]] |date=2008-05-14 |access-date=2011-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119160006/http://www.enoughproject.org./node/577 |archive-date=2008-11-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 12 April 2008, a few days before the census was slated to start, the [[Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement|SPLM]] withdrew from the census, stating that they wanted [[Internally displaced person|IDPs]] to return to their homes before the census would take place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26731 |title=Sudan census delayed till year end raising doubt on 2009 elections |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> However, it was agreed on 14 April 2008 to start the census on 22 April 2008 instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26755 |title=BREAKING NEWS: Sudan president and SPLM chairman resolve census row |date=12 April 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> It was finished by 6 May 2008 (with about 90% of the country covered by then; many people claimed, however, not to have been counted, but officials stated that in no state was the covering rate below 80%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27040 |title=Sudan says 90 percent covered on last day of census |date=7 May 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10 |archive-date=2015-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403215942/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27040 |url-status=dead }}</ref>) Preliminary results that hit the press in early July claimed a population of about {{Nowrap|38 million}}, with {{Nowrap|3.8 million}} in [[South Sudan|Southern Sudan]]. This strongly contradicted former estimates of at least {{Nowrap|8 million}} residents in the south. However, the [[Central Bureau of Statistics (Sudan)|Central Bureau of Statistics]] quickly denied these figures, saying no numbers had yet been released.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27792 |title=Sudan preliminary census results released – report |date=11 July 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> The full results of the census were announced on a press conference by Central Bureau of Statistics on 12 May 2009. The total of Sudan's population were reported as 39,154,490, with 8,260,490 in the south.<ref name="final-census-results"/> |
||
===Electoral law=== |
===Electoral law=== |
||
The draft bill on the electoral law was being discussed in February 2008; differences remained over the proportion between [[Plurality voting system#First past the post|FPTP]] seats and proportional seats, over the number of seats reserved for women, and over how many votes smaller parties would have to win in order to gain entry into parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25960 |title=Sudan parties close to election bill deal |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> The SPLM wants 50% proportionally elected and 50% therough FPTP, and it wants women to be given 50% of the proportional seats; the Sudanese government wants only 40% to be proportionally elected and wants a separate list of women-only seats, of which all would be given to the list with the most votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26196 |title=SPLM slams NCP over possible adoption of Sudan elections law |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> The election law was passed on 8 July 2008.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7495164.stm | work=BBC News | title=Sudan signs crucial election law | date=8 July 2008}}</ref> The law is based on a mixed electoral system, utilizing the benefits of majoritarian, proportional representation and plurality models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harvardilj.org/articles/GustafsonFinal.pdf |title=Elections and the Probability of Violence in Sudan |
The draft bill on the electoral law was being discussed in February 2008; differences remained over the proportion between [[Plurality voting system#First past the post|FPTP]] seats and proportional seats, over the number of seats reserved for women, and over how many votes smaller parties would have to win in order to gain entry into parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article25960 |title=Sudan parties close to election bill deal |date=10 February 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> The SPLM wants 50% proportionally elected and 50% therough FPTP, and it wants women to be given 50% of the proportional seats; the Sudanese government wants only 40% to be proportionally elected and wants a separate list of women-only seats, of which all would be given to the list with the most votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26196 |title=SPLM slams NCP over possible adoption of Sudan elections law |date=26 February 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> The election law was passed on 8 July 2008.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7495164.stm | work=BBC News | title=Sudan signs crucial election law | date=8 July 2008}}</ref> The law is based on a mixed electoral system, utilizing the benefits of majoritarian, proportional representation and plurality models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.harvardilj.org/articles/GustafsonFinal.pdf |title=Elections and the Probability of Violence in Sudan |publisher=[[Harvard International Law Journal]] |date=May 24, 2010 |access-date=2011-01-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008134253/http://www.harvardilj.org/articles/GustafsonFinal.pdf |archive-date=October 8, 2010 }}</ref> 60% of seats will be chosen in constituencies, and 40% (split 25% women to 15% general seats) by proportional representation; the proportional seats have an [[electoral threshold]] of 4%, candidates for presidential elections require 200 endorsements from 18 of Sudan's 25 states, citizens have to be over 17 years to vote and over 40 years and without a criminal record to stand in the election.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/sudan/ Sudan] [[CIA World Factbook]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27775 |title=Sudanese legislators pass elections law |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> |
||
The border constituency report was completed by the National Elections Committee in November 2009. Some state politicians have appealed the report and their concerns have been printed in a report published on the National Elections Committee website. Despite these objections, it is likely that the constituency borders will remain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2009/12/19/sudan%E2%80%99s-census-and-the-national-assembly-elections |title=Making Sense of Sudan » Blog Archive » |
The border constituency report was completed by the National Elections Committee in November 2009. Some state politicians have appealed the report and their concerns have been printed in a report published on the National Elections Committee website. Despite these objections, it is likely that the constituency borders will remain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2009/12/19/sudan%E2%80%99s-census-and-the-national-assembly-elections |title=Making Sense of Sudan » Blog Archive » Sudan's Census and the National Assembly Elections |publisher=[[Social Science Research Council]] |date=2009-12-19 |access-date=2010-08-21 |archive-date=2011-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529032929/http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2009/12/19/sudan%E2%80%99s-census-and-the-national-assembly-elections/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An explanation of the boundary complaints were delineated in a 71-page report by the [[Rift Valley Institute]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.riftvalley.net/resources/file/Electoral%20Designs%20-%20Report%20on%20elections%20in%20Sudan.pdf |title=Electoral Designs |publisher=Rift Valley Institute |author=Marc Gustafson |author-link=Marc Gustafson |date=2010 |access-date=2011-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426171620/http://www.riftvalley.net/resources/file/Electoral%20Designs%20-%20Report%20on%20elections%20in%20Sudan.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
===Darfur=== |
===Darfur=== |
||
A Sudanese official has stated that elections would be held in "99% of Darfur" and that the election would be held at a later date in those regions where it was not possible at that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26120 |title=Sudanese official says elections will be conducted in all of Darfur |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> |
A Sudanese official has stated that elections would be held in "99% of Darfur" and that the election would be held at a later date in those regions where it was not possible at that time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article26120 |title=Sudanese official says elections will be conducted in all of Darfur |date=21 February 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> |
||
==Candidates== |
==Candidates== |
||
[[Sudan People's Liberation Army|SPLM]] leader [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] has stated he will contest the presidential election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28034 |title=SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections |publisher=Sudan Tribune|access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> He will also be supported by the former eastern rebels from the [[Beja Congress]], to increase the chances of unseating [[Omar al-Bashir]], who has held power since 1989.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28067 |title=Eastern Sudan Beja, SPLM discuss electoral alliance |publisher=Sudan Tribune|access-date=2011-01-10}}</ref> |
[[Sudan People's Liberation Army|SPLM]] leader [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] has stated he will contest the presidential election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28034 |title=SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections |date=30 July 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10 |archive-date=2009-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202155627/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28034 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He will also be supported by the former eastern rebels from the [[Beja Congress]], to increase the chances of unseating [[Omar al-Bashir]], who has held power since 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28067 |title=Eastern Sudan Beja, SPLM discuss electoral alliance |date=August 2008 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2011-01-10 |archive-date=2010-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505052330/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article28067 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
||
69 parties registered for the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31366 |title=Sudan says 69 parties registered for elections - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> |
69 parties registered for the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31366 |title=Sudan says 69 parties registered for elections - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan |date=15 June 2009 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> |
||
Opposition parties including the SPLM considered nominating [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]], who was Prime Minister from 1986 to 1989, as their presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article33322 |title=SPLM, opposition parties may nominate Sudan ex-PM as presidential candidate - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> |
Opposition parties including the SPLM considered nominating [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]], who was Prime Minister from 1986 to 1989, as their presidential candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article33322 |title=SPLM, opposition parties may nominate Sudan ex-PM as presidential candidate - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan |date=19 December 2009 |publisher=Sudan Tribune |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> [[Yasir Arman]] was the SPLM candidate,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.voanews.com/english/news/africa/Sudan-Electoral-Commission-Advisor-Says-Upcoming-Vote-Will-be-Credible--87905922.html |title=Sudan Electoral Commission Advisor Says Upcoming Vote Will be Credible | Africa | English |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=2010-03-16 |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> but the SPLM withdrew from the presidential election, citing fears of fraud.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8597996.stm |title=Yassir Arman quits Sudan presidential poll |publisher=BBC News |date=2010-03-31 |access-date=2010-08-21}}</ref> |
||
The university professor [[Abdullah Ali Ibrahim]] planned to run as an independent presidential candidate. Islamist opposition leader [[Hassan al-Turabi]] announced on 2 January 2010 that his party, the [[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress Party]], had designated its deputy leader, [[Abdallah Deng Nhial]], as its presidential candidate.<ref>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iD0kG93NpUZNO0mTXWBJu2xB9dwA "Sudan Islamists name presidential candidate"], AFP, January 2, 2010.</ref> |
The university professor [[Abdullah Ali Ibrahim]] planned to run as an independent presidential candidate. Islamist opposition leader [[Hassan al-Turabi]] announced on 2 January 2010 that his party, the [[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress Party]], had designated its deputy leader, [[Abdallah Deng Nhial]], as its presidential candidate.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140226121833/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iD0kG93NpUZNO0mTXWBJu2xB9dwA "Sudan Islamists name presidential candidate"], AFP, January 2, 2010.</ref> |
||
One of the renowned female politicians, professor Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, was nominated by the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party which she leads, as their candidate for the Presidency. |
One of the renowned female politicians, professor Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, was nominated by the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party which she leads, as their candidate for the Presidency. |
||
==Controversies== |
==Controversies== |
||
There were numerous accusations of irregularities which forced the election to be extended by two additional days for a total of four days.<ref name=sudantribune734/> However, former [[American President]] [[Jimmy Carter]] said he was happy with the extension of voting days while monitoring the elections (along with an EU contingent).<ref>[http://www.sudanvotes.com/articles/?id=284 Carter backs two |
There were numerous accusations of irregularities which forced the election to be extended by two additional days for a total of four days.<ref name=sudantribune734/> However, former [[American President]] [[Jimmy Carter]] said he was happy with the extension of voting days while monitoring the elections (along with an EU contingent).<ref>[http://www.sudanvotes.com/articles/?id=284 Carter backs two-day voting extension and says suggested delay was a mistake] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208202116/http://www.sudanvotes.com/articles/?id=284 |date=2011-02-08 }} Sudan Votes</ref> On the last day of the elections the head of the ruling party in the south said: "Three days ago at night some southern army soldiers came to the home of the president of the National Congress Party (NCP) in Raja, and killed him and eight other members of the NCP." He claimed it was because of anger that people had voted for the ruling party. The Sudan People's Liberation Movement denied responsibility while having claimed repression.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2010/04/2010415883436865.html Sudan 'poll shooting' kills nine] [[Al Jazeera English]]</ref> |
||
A video was posted on YouTube which apparently shows election officials in uniform and a child filling out voting strips and stuffing them into ballot boxes, with one saying that he was glad the voting period had been extended for them to finish their work. The clip, which has not been independently verified, |
A video was posted on YouTube which apparently shows election officials in uniform and a child filling out voting strips and stuffing them into ballot boxes, with one saying that he was glad the voting period had been extended for them to finish their work. The clip, which has not been independently verified, is claimed by Sudanese opposition activists as proof to their claims of poll rigging. The National Elections Commission (NEC) however, dismissed it as a fake and refused to investigate it.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8633162.stm Sudan opposition claims video shows election fraud] BBC News. 20 April 2010</ref> Even after the result was announced, the opposition claims that there was "massive rigging", and is thinking to challenge the result in the courts.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8647249.stm Southern Sudan opposition leader contests poll result] BBC News. 27 April 2010</ref> |
||
Issues of manipulation of the electoral districts have also been a problem and were detailed in a report by the Rift Valley Institute in April 2010.<ref>[http://www.riftvalley.net/resources/file/Electoral%20Designs%20-%20Report%20on%20elections%20in%20Sudan.pdf Electoral Designs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426171620/http://www.riftvalley.net/resources/file/Electoral%20Designs%20-%20Report%20on%20elections%20in%20Sudan.pdf |date=2014-04-26 }} Rift Valley Institute. 25 May 2010</ref> |
Issues of manipulation of the electoral districts have also been a problem and were detailed in a report by the Rift Valley Institute in April 2010.<ref>[http://www.riftvalley.net/resources/file/Electoral%20Designs%20-%20Report%20on%20elections%20in%20Sudan.pdf Electoral Designs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426171620/http://www.riftvalley.net/resources/file/Electoral%20Designs%20-%20Report%20on%20elections%20in%20Sudan.pdf |date=2014-04-26 }} Rift Valley Institute. 25 May 2010</ref> |
||
==Results== |
==Results== |
||
In 16 state constituencies and 17 national constituencies (18 and 15 according to other sources), a repoll was ordered (to be held within 60 days); the results in the other constituencies will be announced on 20 April 2010.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6953380.html Polling process of Sudan elections ends, ballot count to begin] [[People's Daily Online]]</ref> 27 MPs (five national, four in the Southern Sudanese Legislative Assembly, and 18 for state assemblies) were elected by default, as they had no opponent in the election.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34785 27 MPs declared winners by default in Sudan elections] Sudan Tribune</ref> |
In 16 state constituencies and 17 national constituencies (18 and 15 according to other sources), a repoll was ordered (to be held within 60 days); the results in the other constituencies will be announced on 20 April 2010.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6953380.html Polling process of Sudan elections ends, ballot count to begin] [[People's Daily Online]]</ref> 27 MPs (five national, four in the Southern Sudanese Legislative Assembly, and 18 for state assemblies) were elected by default, as they had no opponent in the election.<ref>[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34785 27 MPs declared winners by default in Sudan elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026094325/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34785 |date=2019-10-26 }} Sudan Tribune</ref> |
||
The National Assembly results were announced on May 20, in which the NCP won 73% of the seats, while the SPLM won 22% of the seats. The remaining five percent was won by the smaller opposition parties.<ref>[http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2010/05/26/analysis-of-national-assembly/comment-page-1/#comment-7802 Election Results of the National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529034950/http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2010/05/26/analysis-of-national-assembly/comment-page-1/#comment-7802 |date=2011-05-29 }} SSRC Making Sense of Sudan</ref> |
The National Assembly results were announced on May 20, in which the NCP won 73% of the seats, while the SPLM won 22% of the seats. The remaining five percent was won by the smaller opposition parties.<ref>[http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2010/05/26/analysis-of-national-assembly/comment-page-1/#comment-7802 Election Results of the National Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529034950/http://blogs.ssrc.org/sudan/2010/05/26/analysis-of-national-assembly/comment-page-1/#comment-7802 |date=2011-05-29 }} SSRC Making Sense of Sudan</ref> |
||
Line 136: | Line 103: | ||
|cand1=[[Omar Hassan al-Bashir]]|party1=[[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party]]|votes1=6901694 |
|cand1=[[Omar Hassan al-Bashir]]|party1=[[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party]]|votes1=6901694 |
||
|cand2=[[Yasir Arman]]|party2=[[Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North|SPLM–North]]|votes2=2193826|color2=#0F41BC |
|cand2=[[Yasir Arman]]|party2=[[Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North|SPLM–North]]|votes2=2193826|color2=#0F41BC |
||
|cand3= |
|cand3=[[Abdallah Deng Nhial]]|party3=[[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress Party]]|votes3=396139 |
||
|cand4=Hatim Al-Sir|party4=[[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]]|votes4=195668 |
|cand4=Hatim Al-Sir|party4=[[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]]|votes4=195668 |
||
|cand5=[[Sadiq al-Mahdi]]|party5=[[National Umma Party|Umma Party]]|votes5=96868 |
|cand5=[[Sadiq al-Mahdi]]|party5=[[National Umma Party|Umma Party]]|votes5=96868 |
||
Line 146: | Line 113: | ||
|cand11=[[Fatima Abdel Mahmoud]]|party11=[[Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union]]|votes11=30562 |
|cand11=[[Fatima Abdel Mahmoud]]|party11=[[Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union]]|votes11=30562 |
||
|cand12=[[Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud]]|party12=[[Sudanese Communist Party]]|votes12=26442 |
|cand12=[[Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud]]|party12=[[Sudanese Communist Party]]|votes12=26442 |
||
|source=[http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article34901 Sudan Tribune] |
|||
|totalvotes=10114310 |
|||
|electorate=16281841 |
|||
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115944/http://nec.org.sd/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/09/NEC-preliminary-report-2010-elections.pdf National Electoral Commission] |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
===National Assembly=== |
===National Assembly=== |
||
{{Election results |
{{Election results |
||
|party1=[[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party]]|votes1=|seats1= |
|party1=[[National Congress Party (Sudan)|National Congress Party]]|votes1=|seats1=324|sc1=–27 |
||
|party2=[[Sudan People's Liberation Movement]]|votes2=|seats2=99|sc2=New |
|party2=[[Sudan People's Liberation Movement]]|votes2=|seats2=99|sc2=New |
||
|party3=[[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress Party]]|votes3=|seats3=4|sc3=New |
|party3=[[Popular Congress Party (Sudan)|Popular Congress Party]]|votes3=|seats3=4|sc3=New |
||
|party4=[[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]]|votes4=|seats4=4|sc4=New |
|party4=[[Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan)|Democratic Unionist Party]]|votes4=|seats4=4|sc4=New |
||
|party5=[[National Umma Party|Umma Federal Party]]|votes5=|seats5=3|sc5=New |
|party5=[[National Umma Party|Umma Federal Party]]|votes5=|seats5=3|sc5=New |
||
|party6=[[National Umma Party|Umma Renewal and Reform Party]]|votes6=|seats6= |
|party6=[[National Umma Party|Umma Renewal and Reform Party]]|votes6=|seats6=3|sc6=New |
||
|party7=[[Democratic Unionist Party–Original]]|votes7=|seats7= |
|party7=[[Democratic Unionist Party–Original]]|votes7=|seats7=1|sc7=New |
||
|party8=[[Democratic Change (South Sudan)|SPLM–Democratic Change]]|votes8=|seats8=2|sc8=New |
|party8=[[Democratic Change (South Sudan)|SPLM–Democratic Change]]|votes8=|seats8=2|sc8=New |
||
|party9=[[Muslim Brotherhood]]|seats9=1|sc9=New |
|party9=[[Muslim Brotherhood]]|seats9=1|sc9=New |
||
|party10=[[National Umma Party]]|votes10=|seats10=1|sc10=New |
|party10=[[National Umma Party]]|votes10=|seats10=1|sc10=New |
||
|party11=[[National Umma Party|Umma Collective Leadership]]|seats11=1|sc11=New |
|party11=[[National Umma Party|Umma Collective Leadership]]|seats11=1|sc11=New |
||
|party12=[[National Umma Party|Umma Party]]|seats12=1|sc12=New |
|||
|party13=Independents|votes13=|seats13=3|sc13=–2 |
|party13=Independents|votes13=|seats13=3|sc13=–2 |
||
|row14=Vacant|seats14=4|sc14=– |
|row14=Vacant|seats14=4|sc14=– |
||
|total_sc=+90 |
|total_sc=+90 |
||
|source=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115944/http://nec.org.sd/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2013/09/NEC-preliminary-report-2010-elections.pdf National Electoral Commission] |
|||
|source=[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2297_10.htm IPU] |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
Line 182: | Line 151: | ||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
*[[2010 Sudanese general election in Jonglei]] |
|||
*[[2010 Darfurian amalgamation referendum]] |
*[[2010 Darfurian amalgamation referendum]] |
||
*[[2011 Southern Sudanese independence referendum]] |
*[[2011 Southern Sudanese independence referendum]] |
||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
Line 197: | Line 167: | ||
[[Category:Elections in Sudan]] |
[[Category:Elections in Sudan]] |
||
[[Category:2010 elections in Africa|Sudan]] |
[[Category:2010 elections in Africa|Sudan]] |
||
[[Category:2010 in Sudan]] |
[[Category:2010 in Sudan|General]] |
||
[[Category:National Legislature (Sudan)]] |
[[Category:National Legislature (Sudan)]] |
||
[[Category:Presidential elections in Sudan]] |
[[Category:Presidential elections in Sudan]] |
||
[[Category:April 2010 events in Africa]] |
[[Category:April 2010 events in Africa|Sudan]] |
||
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]] |
[[Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results]] |
||
Latest revision as of 15:57, 7 June 2024
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. |
|
---|
General elections were held in Sudan between 11 and 15 April 2010, extended from the original end date of 13 April.[1][2][3] The elections were held to elect the President and National Assembly of Sudan, as well as the President and Legislative Assembly of Southern Sudan. The election brought to the end the transitional period which began when the decades-long Second Sudanese Civil War ended in 2005.
Early results on 20 April showed that President Omar al-Bashir's party National Congress was well ahead.[4] On 26 April, full results were announced and al-Bashir was confirmed as the winner by having received 68.24% of the vote.[5]
Background
[edit]Date
[edit]The elections were originally scheduled to be held from March to April 2009, but there were reports that they may be delayed up to six months from the latest possible date of July 2009 due to problems with the preparation of the vote.[6] However, on 2 April 2009, the electoral commission pushed the date back to 6 February to 21 February 2010[7] and results were to be declared on 27 February 2010. The elections will entail: national presidential and parliamentary, the south Sudanese presidency, state governors, the southern parliament, and state assemblies. The voting will be early in the month so results may be fielded late in the month. The electoral commission released the date after the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for President Bashir on 4 March 2009.
On 11 June 2009, it was rumoured that the elections might be delayed for a short time once more.[8] This was immediately rejected by the government.[9] However, it was announced on 30 June 2009 that the election would be postponed until 5 April to 12 April 2010 after problems with the national census. The census results were expected early April 2009 but were not released until mid-May 2009; upon its release, the SPLM contested that Southern Sudan are a third of Sudan's total population while the census reported that they made up 21 percent of the total population.[10][11] It is unknown if the Darfurian amalgamation referendum, due to take place in July 2010, will be pulled back to match the general election.
Census
[edit]A census, which was necessary for the election to be held, was initially planned to be held in July 2007, then from 15 November 2007 onwards, then delayed to be held from 2 February 2008 onwards due to funding issues.[12] It was again postponed to 15–30 April 2008.[13][14] On 12 April 2008, a few days before the census was slated to start, the SPLM withdrew from the census, stating that they wanted IDPs to return to their homes before the census would take place.[15] However, it was agreed on 14 April 2008 to start the census on 22 April 2008 instead.[16] It was finished by 6 May 2008 (with about 90% of the country covered by then; many people claimed, however, not to have been counted, but officials stated that in no state was the covering rate below 80%.[17]) Preliminary results that hit the press in early July claimed a population of about 38 million, with 3.8 million in Southern Sudan. This strongly contradicted former estimates of at least 8 million residents in the south. However, the Central Bureau of Statistics quickly denied these figures, saying no numbers had yet been released.[18] The full results of the census were announced on a press conference by Central Bureau of Statistics on 12 May 2009. The total of Sudan's population were reported as 39,154,490, with 8,260,490 in the south.[11]
Electoral law
[edit]The draft bill on the electoral law was being discussed in February 2008; differences remained over the proportion between FPTP seats and proportional seats, over the number of seats reserved for women, and over how many votes smaller parties would have to win in order to gain entry into parliament.[19] The SPLM wants 50% proportionally elected and 50% therough FPTP, and it wants women to be given 50% of the proportional seats; the Sudanese government wants only 40% to be proportionally elected and wants a separate list of women-only seats, of which all would be given to the list with the most votes.[20] The election law was passed on 8 July 2008.[21] The law is based on a mixed electoral system, utilizing the benefits of majoritarian, proportional representation and plurality models.[22] 60% of seats will be chosen in constituencies, and 40% (split 25% women to 15% general seats) by proportional representation; the proportional seats have an electoral threshold of 4%, candidates for presidential elections require 200 endorsements from 18 of Sudan's 25 states, citizens have to be over 17 years to vote and over 40 years and without a criminal record to stand in the election.[23][24]
The border constituency report was completed by the National Elections Committee in November 2009. Some state politicians have appealed the report and their concerns have been printed in a report published on the National Elections Committee website. Despite these objections, it is likely that the constituency borders will remain.[25] An explanation of the boundary complaints were delineated in a 71-page report by the Rift Valley Institute in 2010.[26]
Darfur
[edit]A Sudanese official has stated that elections would be held in "99% of Darfur" and that the election would be held at a later date in those regions where it was not possible at that time.[27]
Candidates
[edit]SPLM leader Salva Kiir Mayardit has stated he will contest the presidential election.[28] He will also be supported by the former eastern rebels from the Beja Congress, to increase the chances of unseating Omar al-Bashir, who has held power since 1989.[29]
69 parties registered for the election.[30]
Opposition parties including the SPLM considered nominating Sadiq al-Mahdi, who was Prime Minister from 1986 to 1989, as their presidential candidate.[31] Yasir Arman was the SPLM candidate,[32] but the SPLM withdrew from the presidential election, citing fears of fraud.[33]
The university professor Abdullah Ali Ibrahim planned to run as an independent presidential candidate. Islamist opposition leader Hassan al-Turabi announced on 2 January 2010 that his party, the Popular Congress Party, had designated its deputy leader, Abdallah Deng Nhial, as its presidential candidate.[34] One of the renowned female politicians, professor Fatima Abdel Mahmoud, was nominated by the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party which she leads, as their candidate for the Presidency.
Controversies
[edit]There were numerous accusations of irregularities which forced the election to be extended by two additional days for a total of four days.[1] However, former American President Jimmy Carter said he was happy with the extension of voting days while monitoring the elections (along with an EU contingent).[35] On the last day of the elections the head of the ruling party in the south said: "Three days ago at night some southern army soldiers came to the home of the president of the National Congress Party (NCP) in Raja, and killed him and eight other members of the NCP." He claimed it was because of anger that people had voted for the ruling party. The Sudan People's Liberation Movement denied responsibility while having claimed repression.[36]
A video was posted on YouTube which apparently shows election officials in uniform and a child filling out voting strips and stuffing them into ballot boxes, with one saying that he was glad the voting period had been extended for them to finish their work. The clip, which has not been independently verified, is claimed by Sudanese opposition activists as proof to their claims of poll rigging. The National Elections Commission (NEC) however, dismissed it as a fake and refused to investigate it.[37] Even after the result was announced, the opposition claims that there was "massive rigging", and is thinking to challenge the result in the courts.[38]
Issues of manipulation of the electoral districts have also been a problem and were detailed in a report by the Rift Valley Institute in April 2010.[39]
Results
[edit]In 16 state constituencies and 17 national constituencies (18 and 15 according to other sources), a repoll was ordered (to be held within 60 days); the results in the other constituencies will be announced on 20 April 2010.[40] 27 MPs (five national, four in the Southern Sudanese Legislative Assembly, and 18 for state assemblies) were elected by default, as they had no opponent in the election.[41]
The National Assembly results were announced on May 20, in which the NCP won 73% of the seats, while the SPLM won 22% of the seats. The remaining five percent was won by the smaller opposition parties.[42]
On 26 April, President Bashir's party National Congress was officially declared the winner after Sudan's election commission announced he received 68% of the votes.[4][43]
While no full parliamentary election results are available, the National Congress Party won 306 of the 450 seats, and the SPLM won 99 seats. 45 seats went to smaller parties.
President
[edit]Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Omar Hassan al-Bashir | National Congress Party | 6,901,694 | 68.24 | |
Yasir Arman | SPLM–North | 2,193,826 | 21.69 | |
Abdallah Deng Nhial | Popular Congress Party | 396,139 | 3.92 | |
Hatim Al-Sir | Democratic Unionist Party | 195,668 | 1.93 | |
Sadiq al-Mahdi | Umma Party | 96,868 | 0.96 | |
Kamil Idris | Independent | 77,132 | 0.76 | |
Mahmood Ahmed Jeha | Independent | 71,708 | 0.71 | |
Mubarak al-Fadil | Umma Reform and Renewal Party | 49,402 | 0.49 | |
Munir Sheikh El-din Jallab | New National Democratic Party | 40,277 | 0.40 | |
Abdel-Aziz Khalid | Sudanese National Alliance | 34,592 | 0.34 | |
Fatima Abdel Mahmoud | Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union | 30,562 | 0.30 | |
Muhammad Ibrahim Nugud | Sudanese Communist Party | 26,442 | 0.26 | |
Total | 10,114,310 | 100.00 | ||
Total votes | 10,114,310 | – | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 16,281,841 | 62.12 | ||
Source: National Electoral Commission |
National Assembly
[edit]Party | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|
National Congress Party | 324 | –27 | |
Sudan People's Liberation Movement | 99 | New | |
Popular Congress Party | 4 | New | |
Democratic Unionist Party | 4 | New | |
Umma Federal Party | 3 | New | |
Umma Renewal and Reform Party | 3 | New | |
Democratic Unionist Party–Original | 1 | New | |
SPLM–Democratic Change | 2 | New | |
Muslim Brotherhood | 1 | New | |
National Umma Party | 1 | New | |
Umma Collective Leadership | 1 | New | |
Independents | 3 | –2 | |
Vacant | 4 | – | |
Total | 450 | +90 | |
Source: National Electoral Commission |
Southern Sudan
[edit]President
[edit]Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Salva Kiir Mayardit | Sudan People's Liberation Movement | 2,616,613 | 92.99 | |
Lam Akol | SPLM–Democratic Change | 197,217 | 7.01 | |
Total | 2,813,830 | 100.00 | ||
Total votes | 2,813,830 | – | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 4,539,835 | 61.98 | ||
Source: National Electoral Commission |
Legislative Assembly
[edit]Party | Seats | |
---|---|---|
Sudan People's Liberation Movement | 161 | |
SPLM–Democratic Change | 1 | |
National Congress | 1 | |
Independents | 7 | |
Total | 170 | |
Source: National Electoral Commission |
Conduct
[edit]Election observers from the Cordoba Initiative said the election, as a whole, could not have been called a failure. Although the group did say that "This election satisfied many purposes and was what can be expected from a country that hosts elections for the first time in such a long while."[44] Western observers, from the EU and the Carter Centre, criticised the polls as "not meeting international standards". However, former US President Jimmy Carter made it clear the "international community" would recognise the winners.[45]
See also
[edit]- 2010 Sudanese general election in Jonglei
- 2010 Darfurian amalgamation referendum
- 2011 Southern Sudanese independence referendum
References
[edit]- ^ a b BREAKING NEWS: Sudan election board extends voting period for two days Archived 2019-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune. 12 April 2010
- ^ "IFES Election Guide – Country Profile: Sudan – Elections". Electionguide.org. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ SUDAN: Elections in a volatile climate IRIN Africa. 19 February 2010
- ^ a b "President Omar al-Bashir declared winner of Sudan poll". BBC News. 2010-04-26. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "Elections In Sudan: President Al-Bashir Re-elected". Bernama. 2010-04-27. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ Sudan election 'could be delayed' BBC News. 11 September 2008
- ^ Sudan elections put back to 2010 BBC News. 2 April 2009
- ^ Sudan may delay 2010 elections Sudan Tribune. 10 June 2009
- ^ Sudan dismisses new delay of general elections Sudan Tribune. 12 June 2009
- ^ Sudan delays presidential ballot BBC News. 30 June 2009
- ^ a b "Sudan announces details of contested census results". Sudan Tribune. 2009-05-21. Retrieved 2011-07-09.
- ^ "Funds row delays key Sudan census". BBC News. 2 September 2007.
- ^ "Sudan's census delayed to April 2008". Sudan Tribune. 11 December 2007. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Democracy: A Key to Peace In Sudan | Enough". Enough Project. 2008-05-14. Archived from the original on 2008-11-19. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudan census delayed till year end raising doubt on 2009 elections". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "BREAKING NEWS: Sudan president and SPLM chairman resolve census row". Sudan Tribune. 12 April 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudan says 90 percent covered on last day of census". Sudan Tribune. 7 May 2008. Archived from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudan preliminary census results released – report". Sudan Tribune. 11 July 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudan parties close to election bill deal". Sudan Tribune. 10 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "SPLM slams NCP over possible adoption of Sudan elections law". Sudan Tribune. 26 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudan signs crucial election law". BBC News. 8 July 2008.
- ^ "Elections and the Probability of Violence in Sudan" (PDF). Harvard International Law Journal. May 24, 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2010. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ Sudan CIA World Factbook
- ^ "Sudanese legislators pass elections law". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Making Sense of Sudan » Blog Archive » Sudan's Census and the National Assembly Elections". Social Science Research Council. 2009-12-19. Archived from the original on 2011-05-29. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ Marc Gustafson (2010). "Electoral Designs" (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudanese official says elections will be conducted in all of Darfur". Sudan Tribune. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections". Sudan Tribune. 30 July 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Eastern Sudan Beja, SPLM discuss electoral alliance". Sudan Tribune. August 2008. Archived from the original on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ^ "Sudan says 69 parties registered for elections - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Sudan Tribune. 15 June 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ "SPLM, opposition parties may nominate Sudan ex-PM as presidential candidate - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". Sudan Tribune. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ "Sudan Electoral Commission Advisor Says Upcoming Vote Will be Credible | Africa | English". Voice of America. 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ "Yassir Arman quits Sudan presidential poll". BBC News. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ "Sudan Islamists name presidential candidate", AFP, January 2, 2010.
- ^ Carter backs two-day voting extension and says suggested delay was a mistake Archived 2011-02-08 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Votes
- ^ Sudan 'poll shooting' kills nine Al Jazeera English
- ^ Sudan opposition claims video shows election fraud BBC News. 20 April 2010
- ^ Southern Sudan opposition leader contests poll result BBC News. 27 April 2010
- ^ Electoral Designs Archived 2014-04-26 at the Wayback Machine Rift Valley Institute. 25 May 2010
- ^ Polling process of Sudan elections ends, ballot count to begin People's Daily Online
- ^ 27 MPs declared winners by default in Sudan elections Archived 2019-10-26 at the Wayback Machine Sudan Tribune
- ^ Election Results of the National Assembly Archived 2011-05-29 at the Wayback Machine SSRC Making Sense of Sudan
- ^ "Sudan's al-Bashir wins landmark presidential poll". France 24. 2010-04-26. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ Sudan poll given a thumbs up Sudan poll given a thumbs up Al Jazeera English
- ^ Dream election result for Sudan's President Bashir BBC News. 27 April 2010