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{{Year nav topic4|2012|archaeology|science}} |
{{Year nav topic4|2012|archaeology|science}} |
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==Excavations== |
==Excavations== |
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* June 6 - Excavators from [[Museum of London Archaeology]] announce that they have uncovered the remains of the [[Elizabethan theatre|Elizabethan]] [[Curtain Theatre]] in [[Shoreditch]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=Remains of Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch|publisher=Museum of London Archaeology|date=2012-06-06|url=http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/NewsProjects/CurtainTheatre.htm|access-date=2012-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/jun/06/shakespeare-curtain-theatre-shoreditch-east-lonfon|title=Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=2012-06-05|access-date=2012-07-12|last=Kennedy|first=Maev|authorlink=Maev Kennedy}}</ref> |
* June 6 - Excavators from [[Museum of London Archaeology]] announce that they have uncovered the remains of the [[Elizabethan theatre|Elizabethan]] [[Curtain Theatre]] in [[Shoreditch]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=Remains of Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch|publisher=Museum of London Archaeology|date=2012-06-06|url=http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/NewsProjects/CurtainTheatre.htm|access-date=2012-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/jun/06/shakespeare-curtain-theatre-shoreditch-east-lonfon|title=Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=2012-06-05|access-date=2012-07-12|last=Kennedy|first=Maev|authorlink=Maev Kennedy}}</ref> |
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* August 24 - |
* August 24 - [[Philippa Langley]] in association with the [[Richard III Society]], and [[Leicester City Council]], engage [[University of Leicester]] Archaeological Services (ULAS), and announce that they have joined forces to begin a search for the site of [[Greyfriars, Leicester]], burial place of King [[Richard III of England]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic search for King Richard III begins in Leicester|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2012/august/historic-search-for-king-richard-iii-begins-in-leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-08-24|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-25/medieval-british-king-sought-under-car-park/4222264|title=Hunt for Richard III's remains under car park|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=2012-08-27|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> On September 5 the excavators announce that they have identified the church.<ref>{{cite web|title=Researchers find strong evidence for medieval church in Leicester where monarch was buried|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2012/august/greyfriars-project-2013-update-friday-31-august|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-08-31|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Search for Richard III confirms that remains are the long-lost Church of the Grey Friars|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2012/september/search-for-richard-iii-confirms-they-have-located-the-long-lost-church-of-the-grey-friars/|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-09-05|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> and on September 12 it is announced that a skeleton discovered during the search could have been that of Richard III,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-19561018|title=Richard III dig: 'Strong evidence' bones are lost king|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=2012-09-12|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> a supposition confirmed in [[2013 in archaeology|2013]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Richard III dig: DNA confirms bones are king|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21063882|newspaper=BBC News|date=2013-02-04|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> |
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* October - Remains of substantial [[Mesolithic]] buildings are identified in [[Prehistoric Britain|Britain]] at Echline in [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish dig unearths '10,000-year-old home' at Echline|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-20376243|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-10-18|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> Lunt Meadows at [[Sefton, Merseyside]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant archaeological discovery confirms Environment Agency habitat restoration work|url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/144344.aspx|publisher=[[Environment Agency]]|date=2012-11-22|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> and from new investigations at [[Starr Carr]] in [[North Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]]|url=http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/086/ant0861004.htm|volume=86|issue=334|pages=1004–1020|title=Substantial settlement in the European Early Mesolithic: new research at Star Carr|first=Chantal|last=Conneller |date=December 2012|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1017/s0003598x00048213|s2cid=162889280}}</ref> |
* October - Remains of substantial [[Mesolithic]] buildings are identified in [[Prehistoric Britain|Britain]] at Echline in [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish dig unearths '10,000-year-old home' at Echline|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-20376243|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-10-18|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> Lunt Meadows at [[Sefton, Merseyside]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant archaeological discovery confirms Environment Agency habitat restoration work|url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/144344.aspx|publisher=[[Environment Agency]]|date=2012-11-22|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> and from new investigations at [[Starr Carr]] in [[North Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]]|url=http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/086/ant0861004.htm|volume=86|issue=334|pages=1004–1020|title=Substantial settlement in the European Early Mesolithic: new research at Star Carr|first=Chantal|last=Conneller |date=December 2012|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1017/s0003598x00048213|s2cid=162889280}}</ref> |
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* December - Archaeologists complete excavation of a 900-seat [[Athenaeum (ancient Rome)|Athenaeum]] from the time of the Emperor [[Hadrian]] in [[Rome]] discovered during work on a [[Line C (Rome Metro)|Metro line]] at [[Piazza Venezia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kington|first=Tom|title=Hadrian's hall: archaeologists finish excavation of Roman arts centre|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/26/hadrians-hall-roman-emperor-arts-centre|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2012-12-26|access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref> |
* December - Archaeologists complete excavation of a 900-seat [[Athenaeum (ancient Rome)|Athenaeum]] from the time of the Emperor [[Hadrian]] in [[Rome]] discovered during work on a [[Line C (Rome Metro)|Metro line]] at [[Piazza Venezia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kington|first=Tom|title=Hadrian's hall: archaeologists finish excavation of Roman arts centre|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/26/hadrians-hall-roman-emperor-arts-centre|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2012-12-26|access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref> |
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* Excavation of working-class [[back-to-back house]]s from the [[Industrial Revolution]] period at Chapel Street in [[Salford, Greater Manchester]], England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike|last=Nevell|title=Excavating Engels|url=https://archaeologyuos.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/excavating-engels/|work=archaeologyuos|date=2012-12-25|access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref> |
* Excavation of working-class [[back-to-back house]]s from the [[Industrial Revolution]] period at Chapel Street in [[Salford, Greater Manchester]], England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike|last=Nevell|title=Excavating Engels|url=https://archaeologyuos.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/excavating-engels/|work=archaeologyuos|date=2012-12-25|access-date=2016-11-16|archive-date=2016-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116164658/https://archaeologyuos.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/excavating-engels/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* Excavations at [[Holt Castle]] in Wales begin. |
* Excavations at [[Holt Castle]] in Wales begin. |
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==Finds== |
==Finds== |
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⚫ | * [[Devunigutta Temple]] in India first reported.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Greaves|first=Laxshmi Rose|url=https://theartofsouthasia.com/2019/01/14/devni-gutta-a-recently-found-6th-century-temple-in-telangana/|title=Devunigutta: A Recently Discovered 6th Century Temple in Telangana|journal=Art of South Asia|year=2019}}</ref> |
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⚫ | * Discovery of a rock inscription confirming the existence of [[Iry-Hor]], the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name.<ref name="talle">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: ''Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene'', in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, [https://www.academia.edu/3844520/_Iry-Hor_et_Narmer_au_Sud-Sinai_ouadi_Ameyra_ available online]</ref> |
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* January |
* January |
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** The use of [[maize]] in [[Peru]] as early as 4700 [[BCE]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Study suggests ancient Peruvians 'ate popcorn'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-16623473|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=19 January 2012|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> |
** The use of [[maize]] in [[Peru]] as early as 4700 [[BCE]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Study suggests ancient Peruvians 'ate popcorn'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-16623473|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=19 January 2012|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> |
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** Evidence for early [[Maya civilization|Maya]]n tobacco use is published.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The detection of nicotine in a Late Mayan period flask by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods|first1=Dmitri V.|last1= |
** Evidence for early [[Maya civilization|Maya]]n tobacco use is published.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The detection of nicotine in a Late Mayan period flask by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods|first1=Dmitri V.|last1=Zagorevski|first2=Jennifer A.|last2=Loughmiller-Newman|doi=10.1002/rcm.5339|pmid=22279016|journal=Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry|volume=26|issue=4|pages=403–411|date=January 2012|bibcode=2012RCMS...26..403Z}}</ref> |
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** Discovery that the [[Viking]]s grew [[barley]] in [[Greenland]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Sybille|last=Hildebrandt|title=Vikings grew barley in Greenland|url=http://sciencenordic.com/vikings-grew-barley-greenland|work=ScienceNordic|date=2012-02-03|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> |
** Discovery that the [[Viking]]s grew [[barley]] in [[Greenland]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Sybille|last=Hildebrandt|title=Vikings grew barley in Greenland|url=http://sciencenordic.com/vikings-grew-barley-greenland|work=ScienceNordic|date=2012-02-03|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> |
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* February 17 - [[Alabaster]] colossus of [[pharaoh]] [[Amenhotep III]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian archeologist finds colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III|url=http://news.am/eng/news/93765.html|work=News.am|date=2012-02-17|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref> |
* February 17 - [[Alabaster]] colossus of [[pharaoh]] [[Amenhotep III]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian archeologist finds colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III|url=http://news.am/eng/news/93765.html|work=News.am|date=2012-02-17|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref> |
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* May 9 - Archaeologists announce discovery on [[The Burren]] in [[Ireland]] of evidence of settlement from 6000 BCE.<ref>{{cite news|title=6,000-year-old settlement poses tsunami mystery|first=Andrew|last=Hamilton|date=2012-05-09|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/6000-year-old-settlement-poses-tsunami-mystery-193230.html|newspaper=[[Irish Examiner]]|location=Cork|access-date=2012-06-29}}</ref> |
* May 9 - Archaeologists announce discovery on [[The Burren]] in [[Ireland]] of evidence of settlement from 6000 BCE.<ref>{{cite news|title=6,000-year-old settlement poses tsunami mystery|first=Andrew|last=Hamilton|date=2012-05-09|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/6000-year-old-settlement-poses-tsunami-mystery-193230.html|newspaper=[[Irish Examiner]]|location=Cork|access-date=2012-06-29}}</ref> |
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* May 19 - The [[National Trust for Scotland]] announce that the first [[Bullaun stone|cursing stone]] to be found in the country, dated to circa 800, has been discovered on [[Canna, Scotland|Canna]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-18130259|title='Cursing stone' found on Isle of Canna|work=BBC News|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> |
* May 19 - The [[National Trust for Scotland]] announce that the first [[Bullaun stone|cursing stone]] to be found in the country, dated to circa 800, has been discovered on [[Canna, Scotland|Canna]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-18130259|title='Cursing stone' found on Isle of Canna|work=BBC News|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> |
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* May 22 - The [[Bedale Hoard]], a hoard of forty-eight [[silver]] and [[gold]] items dating from the late 9th to early 10th century AD is discovered in a field near [[Bedale, North Yorkshire|Bedale]], [[North Yorkshire]] by [[ |
* May 22 - The [[Bedale Hoard]], a hoard of forty-eight [[silver]] and [[gold]] items dating from the late 9th to early 10th century AD is discovered in a field near [[Bedale, North Yorkshire|Bedale]], [[North Yorkshire]] by [[metal detector]]ists.<ref name='NorthernEcho'>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/11664045.Viking_hoard_revealed_in_all_its_beauty/|title=Viking Hoard revealed in all its beauty|publisher=Northern Echo|date=12 December 2014|access-date=15 December 2014}}</ref> |
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* June 25 - In the [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Jersey]], the discovery of the [[Grouville Hoard]] of an estimated 30,000 – 50,000 [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Celts|Celtic]] coins by [[metal detectorist]]s is announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roman and Celtic coin hoard worth up to £10m found in Jersey|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-18579868|work=BBC News|date=2012-06-25|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref> |
* June 25 - In the [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Jersey]], the discovery of the [[Grouville Hoard]] of an estimated 30,000 – 50,000 [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Celts|Celtic]] coins by [[metal detectorist]]s is announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roman and Celtic coin hoard worth up to £10m found in Jersey|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-18579868|work=BBC News|date=2012-06-25|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref> |
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* July |
* July |
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** Discovery of 15th century underwear at [[Lengberg Castle]] in [[Austria]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|first=Deborah|last=Basckin|title=Underwear dating back to the 15th Century found in Austrian castle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19050150|work=BBC News|date=2012-07-30|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medieval lingerie from Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol |url=http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |publisher=[[University of Innsbruck|Universität Innsbruck]] |date=2012-07-23 |access-date=2012-12-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206041713/http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |archive-date=2016-02-06 }}</ref> |
** Discovery of 15th century underwear at [[Lengberg Castle]] in [[Austria]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|first=Deborah|last=Basckin|title=Underwear dating back to the 15th Century found in Austrian castle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19050150|work=BBC News|date=2012-07-30|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medieval lingerie from Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol |url=http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |publisher=[[University of Innsbruck|Universität Innsbruck]] |date=2012-07-23 |access-date=2012-12-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206041713/http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |archive-date=2016-02-06 }}</ref> |
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** The wreck of the polar expedition ship ''[[Terra Nova (ship)|Terra Nova]]'' is discovered off [[Greenland]] by the Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel ''Falkor''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schmidtocean.org/story/show/826|title=Polar Expedition Vessel S.S. ''Terra Nova'' Discovered|date=2012-08-13|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19288188|title=Scott's wrecked ship ''Terra Nova'' found off Greenland|first=Paul|last=Rincon|work=BBC News|date=2012-08-16|access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref> |
** The wreck of the polar expedition ship ''[[Terra Nova (ship)|Terra Nova]]'' is discovered off [[Greenland]] by the Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel ''Falkor''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schmidtocean.org/story/show/826|title=Polar Expedition Vessel S.S. ''Terra Nova'' Discovered|date=2012-08-13|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19288188|title=Scott's wrecked ship ''Terra Nova'' found off Greenland|first=Paul|last=Rincon|work=BBC News|date=2012-08-16|access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref> |
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* September - A [[beeswax]] [[Dental restoration|filling]] is discovered in the cracked tooth of a [[Neolithic]] man in [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth|first=Federico|last=Bernardini|journal=[[PLOS ONE]]|volume=7|issue=9|pages=e44904|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0044904|pmid=23028670|pmc=3446997|date=2012-09-19|display-authors=etal}}</ref> |
* September - A [[beeswax]] [[Dental restoration|filling]] is discovered in the cracked tooth of a [[Neolithic]] man in [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth|first=Federico|last=Bernardini|journal=[[PLOS ONE]]|volume=7|issue=9|pages=e44904|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0044904|pmid=23028670|pmc=3446997|date=2012-09-19|bibcode=2012PLoSO...744904B|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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* October - In Jersey, the [[Trinity Hoard]] of Bronze Age tools and weapons is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129070441/http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-29|title=News, Weather & Information for the Channel Islands - Bronze Age axe heads discovered|publisher=channelonline.tv|access-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |
* October - In Jersey, the [[Trinity Hoard]] of Bronze Age tools and weapons is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129070441/http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-29|title=News, Weather & Information for the Channel Islands - Bronze Age axe heads discovered|publisher=channelonline.tv|access-date=2012-10-13}}</ref> |
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* November - 2,400-year-old golden treasure near the [[Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/pictures/121109-thracian-gold-hoard-treasure-bulgaria-science/|title=Thracian Gold Treasure Discovered in Bulgaria|date=2012-11-11|access-date=2018-07-15|work=[[National Geographic]]|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> |
* November - 2,400-year-old golden treasure near the [[Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/pictures/121109-thracian-gold-hoard-treasure-bulgaria-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113061329/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/pictures/121109-thracian-gold-hoard-treasure-bulgaria-science|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 13, 2012|title=Thracian Gold Treasure Discovered in Bulgaria|date=2012-11-11|access-date=2018-07-15|work=[[National Geographic]]|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> |
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* December - Discovery near [[Canterbury]], England, of a 1st-century [[Iron Age]] [[bronze]] helmet containing a bag of cremated human remains is announced.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iron Age bronze helmet found on Canterbury farmland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-20594096|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-12-04|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Late Iron Age helmet found near Canterbury|url=http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|publisher=[[Canterbury Archaeological Trust]]|year=2012|access-date=2012-12-27|archive-date=2012-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211115150/http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
* December - Discovery near [[Canterbury]], England, of a 1st-century [[Iron Age]] [[bronze]] helmet containing a bag of cremated human remains is announced.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iron Age bronze helmet found on Canterbury farmland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-20594096|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-12-04|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Late Iron Age helmet found near Canterbury|url=http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|publisher=[[Canterbury Archaeological Trust]]|year=2012|access-date=2012-12-27|archive-date=2012-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211115150/http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* Undated |
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⚫ | ** [[Devunigutta Temple]] in India first reported.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Greaves|first=Laxshmi Rose|url=https://theartofsouthasia.com/2019/01/14/devni-gutta-a-recently-found-6th-century-temple-in-telangana/|title=Devunigutta: A Recently Discovered 6th Century Temple in Telangana|journal=Art of South Asia|year=2019}}</ref> |
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⚫ | ** Discovery of a rock inscription confirming the existence of [[Iry-Hor]], the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name.<ref name="talle">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: ''Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene'', in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, [https://www.academia.edu/3844520/_Iry-Hor_et_Narmer_au_Sud-Sinai_ouadi_Ameyra_ available online]</ref> |
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** Cypriot pottery vessels excavated at [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]] in the land of [[Canaan]] (modern-day Israel) subsequently discovered to contain the earliest surviving evidence of [[opium]] for use as a [[narcotic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Earliest evidence of opium use found in burial site in Israel|first=Raffi|last=Berg|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-62930429|date=2022-09-20|accessdate=2022-09-20}}</ref> |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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* February - Completion of [[whole genome sequencing]] on [[Ötzi]] (d. c.3255 BCE) identifies his paternal [[DNA]] with [[Sardinia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Oetzi the Iceman's nuclear genome gives new insights|first=Jason|last=Palmer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17191398|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-02-28|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> |
* February - Completion of [[whole genome sequencing]] on [[Ötzi]] (d. c.3255 BCE) identifies his paternal [[DNA]] with [[Sardinia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Oetzi the Iceman's nuclear genome gives new insights|first=Jason|last=Palmer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17191398|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-02-28|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> |
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* July - Mausoleums and a mosque in [[Timbuktu]] (Mali) are deliberately attacked by rebels, a war crime for which [[Ahmad al-Mahdi]] in 2016 pleads guilty before the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37438360|title=Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu|website=BBC News|access-date=16 May 2017|date=2016-09-27}}</ref> |
* July - Mausoleums and a mosque in [[Timbuktu]] (Mali) are deliberately attacked by rebels, a war crime for which [[Ahmad al-Mahdi]] in 2016 pleads guilty before the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37438360|title=Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu|website=BBC News|access-date=16 May 2017|date=2016-09-27}}</ref> |
||
* August - The [[Krak des Chevaliers]] is [[Artillery|shelled]] by the [[Syrian Army]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-syrias-ancient-treasures-pulverised-8007768.html|title=Syria's ancient treasures pulverised|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=2012-08-05|access-date=2012-08-05|first=Robert|last=Fisk|author-link=Robert Fisk}}</ref> |
* August - The [[Krak des Chevaliers]] is [[Artillery|shelled]] by the [[Syrian Army]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-syrias-ancient-treasures-pulverised-8007768.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-syrias-ancient-treasures-pulverised-8007768.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Syria's ancient treasures pulverised|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=2012-08-05|access-date=2012-08-05|first=Robert|last=Fisk|author-link=Robert Fisk}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |
||
* November - Study from the [[Kathu Archaeological Complex]] in South Africa suggests that hominids, possibly ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'', may have developed the technology of hafted stone-tipped [[spear]]s about 500,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal|first=J.|last=Wilkins|display-authors=etal|title=Evidence for early hafted hunting technology|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=338|date=2012-11-16|issue=6109 |pages=942–946 |doi=10.1126/science.1227608|pmid=23161998 |bibcode=2012Sci...338..942W |s2cid=206544031 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Monte |last=Morin |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/16/science/la-sci-hafting-spears-20121116 |title=Stone-tipped spear may have much earlier origin |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=2012-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118111851/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/16/science/la-sci-hafting-spears-20121116 |archive-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
||
*July 19: [[Brian Dobson (archaeologist)|Brian Dobson]], [[British people|British]] [[archaeologist]] notable for work on [[Hadrian's Wall]] and the [[Roman Army]] (b. [[1931 in archaeology|1931]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Lives Remembered: Brian Dobson|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-brian-dobson-archaeologist-and-noted-authority-on-hadrian-s-wall-8002039.html|website=The Independent|access-date=28 December 2016|date=3 August 2012}}</ref> |
*July 19: [[Brian Dobson (archaeologist)|Brian Dobson]], [[British people|British]] [[archaeologist]] notable for work on [[Hadrian's Wall]] and the [[Roman Army]] (b. [[1931 in archaeology|1931]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Lives Remembered: Brian Dobson|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-brian-dobson-archaeologist-and-noted-authority-on-hadrian-s-wall-8002039.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-brian-dobson-archaeologist-and-noted-authority-on-hadrian-s-wall-8002039.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription|website=The Independent|access-date=28 December 2016|date=3 August 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |
||
*July 29: [[James Mellaart]], British archaeologist. (b. [[1925 in archaeology|1925]])<ref>{{cite news|title=James Mellaart|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9450610/James-Mellaart.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=16 May 2017|language=en|date=2012-08-03}}</ref> |
*July 29: [[James Mellaart]], British archaeologist. (b. [[1925 in archaeology|1925]])<ref>{{cite news|title=James Mellaart|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9450610/James-Mellaart.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=16 May 2017|language=en|date=2012-08-03}}</ref> |
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Latest revision as of 20:21, 20 June 2024
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The year 2012 in archaeology involved some significant events.
Explorations
[edit]- January - Discovery of a first-century farmhouse on the building site of the new stadium in the south of Marseille.[1]
Excavations
[edit]- June 6 - Excavators from Museum of London Archaeology announce that they have uncovered the remains of the Elizabethan Curtain Theatre in Shoreditch.[2][3]
- August 24 - Philippa Langley in association with the Richard III Society, and Leicester City Council, engage University of Leicester Archaeological Services (ULAS), and announce that they have joined forces to begin a search for the site of Greyfriars, Leicester, burial place of King Richard III of England.[4][5] On September 5 the excavators announce that they have identified the church.[6][7] and on September 12 it is announced that a skeleton discovered during the search could have been that of Richard III,[8] a supposition confirmed in 2013.[9]
- October - Remains of substantial Mesolithic buildings are identified in Britain at Echline in Scotland,[10] Lunt Meadows at Sefton, Merseyside[11] and from new investigations at Starr Carr in North Yorkshire.[12]
- December - Archaeologists complete excavation of a 900-seat Athenaeum from the time of the Emperor Hadrian in Rome discovered during work on a Metro line at Piazza Venezia.[13]
- Excavation of working-class back-to-back houses from the Industrial Revolution period at Chapel Street in Salford, Greater Manchester, England.[14]
- Excavations at Holt Castle in Wales begin.
Finds
[edit]- January
- February 17 - Alabaster colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III is discovered.[18]
- March - Discovery of an inscribed doorjamb at Karnak giving the hitherto unknown titulary of pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose.[19]
- March - A 7th century grave near Cambridge in England provides an early example of the transition from pagan Anglo-Saxon to Christian burial practices.[20]
- March 30 - In Georgia, archeologists report unearthing jars containing what they believe to be the world's oldest honey.[21]
- May - The oldest Mayan astronomical calendar discovered so far, from the 9th century, is reported from Xultun.[22]
- May 9 - Archaeologists announce discovery on The Burren in Ireland of evidence of settlement from 6000 BCE.[23]
- May 19 - The National Trust for Scotland announce that the first cursing stone to be found in the country, dated to circa 800, has been discovered on Canna.[24]
- May 22 - The Bedale Hoard, a hoard of forty-eight silver and gold items dating from the late 9th to early 10th century AD is discovered in a field near Bedale, North Yorkshire by metal detectorists.[25]
- June 25 - In the Channel Island of Jersey, the discovery of the Grouville Hoard of an estimated 30,000 – 50,000 Roman and Celtic coins by metal detectorists is announced.[26]
- July
- Discovery of 15th century underwear at Lengberg Castle in Austria is confirmed.[27][28]
- The wreck of the polar expedition ship Terra Nova is discovered off Greenland by the Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel Falkor.[29][30]
- September - A beeswax filling is discovered in the cracked tooth of a Neolithic man in Slovenia.[31]
- October - In Jersey, the Trinity Hoard of Bronze Age tools and weapons is discovered.[32]
- November - 2,400-year-old golden treasure near the Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari, Bulgaria.[33]
- December - Discovery near Canterbury, England, of a 1st-century Iron Age bronze helmet containing a bag of cremated human remains is announced.[34][35]
- Undated
- Devunigutta Temple in India first reported.[36]
- Discovery of a rock inscription confirming the existence of Iry-Hor, the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name.[37]
- Cypriot pottery vessels excavated at Yehud in the land of Canaan (modern-day Israel) subsequently discovered to contain the earliest surviving evidence of opium for use as a narcotic.[38]
Events
[edit]- February - Completion of whole genome sequencing on Ötzi (d. c.3255 BCE) identifies his paternal DNA with Sardinia.[39]
- July - Mausoleums and a mosque in Timbuktu (Mali) are deliberately attacked by rebels, a war crime for which Ahmad al-Mahdi in 2016 pleads guilty before the International Criminal Court.[40]
- August - The Krak des Chevaliers is shelled by the Syrian Army.[41]
- November - Study from the Kathu Archaeological Complex in South Africa suggests that hominids, possibly Homo heidelbergensis, may have developed the technology of hafted stone-tipped spears about 500,000 years ago.[42][43]
Deaths
[edit]- July 19: Brian Dobson, British archaeologist notable for work on Hadrian's Wall and the Roman Army (b. 1931)[44]
- July 29: James Mellaart, British archaeologist. (b. 1925)[45]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Marseille : Une ferme du Ier siècle au pied du Vélodrome". 2013-02-28.
- ^ "Remains of Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch" (Press release). Museum of London Archaeology. 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
- ^ Kennedy, Maev (2012-06-05). "Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
- ^ "Historic search for King Richard III begins in Leicester". University of Leicester. 2012-08-24. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ "Hunt for Richard III's remains under car park". ABC News (Australia). 2012-08-27. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ "Researchers find strong evidence for medieval church in Leicester where monarch was buried". University of Leicester. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ "Search for Richard III confirms that remains are the long-lost Church of the Grey Friars". University of Leicester. 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ "Richard III dig: 'Strong evidence' bones are lost king". BBC News. 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ "Richard III dig: DNA confirms bones are king". BBC News. 2013-02-04. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ "Scottish dig unearths '10,000-year-old home' at Echline". BBC News. 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Significant archaeological discovery confirms Environment Agency habitat restoration work". Environment Agency. 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ Conneller, Chantal; et al. (December 2012). "Substantial settlement in the European Early Mesolithic: new research at Star Carr". Antiquity. 86 (334): 1004–1020. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00048213. S2CID 162889280.
- ^ Kington, Tom (2012-12-26). "Hadrian's hall: archaeologists finish excavation of Roman arts centre". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
- ^ Nevell, Mike (2012-12-25). "Excavating Engels". archaeologyuos. Archived from the original on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
- ^ "Study suggests ancient Peruvians 'ate popcorn'". BBC News. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ Zagorevski, Dmitri V.; Loughmiller-Newman, Jennifer A. (January 2012). "The detection of nicotine in a Late Mayan period flask by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 26 (4): 403–411. Bibcode:2012RCMS...26..403Z. doi:10.1002/rcm.5339. PMID 22279016.
- ^ Hildebrandt, Sybille (2012-02-03). "Vikings grew barley in Greenland". ScienceNordic. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Armenian archeologist finds colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III". News.am. 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
- ^ Sébastien Biston-Moulin: Le roi Sénakht-en-Rê Ahmès de la XVIIe dynastie, ENiM 5, 2012, p. 61-71, available online.
- ^ "Anglo-Saxon Christian grave find near Cambridge 'extremely rare'". BBC News. 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ Lomsadze, Giorgi (2012-03-30). "Report: Georgia Unearths the World's Oldest Honey". Eurasianet.org. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
- ^ "Maya art and calendar at Xultun stun archaeologists". BBC News. 2012-05-10. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ Hamilton, Andrew (2012-05-09). "6,000-year-old settlement poses tsunami mystery". Irish Examiner. Cork. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
- ^ "'Cursing stone' found on Isle of Canna". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
- ^ "Viking Hoard revealed in all its beauty". Northern Echo. 12 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- ^ "Roman and Celtic coin hoard worth up to £10m found in Jersey". BBC News. 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
- ^ Basckin, Deborah (2012-07-30). "Underwear dating back to the 15th Century found in Austrian castle". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Medieval lingerie from Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol". Universität Innsbruck. 2012-07-23. Archived from the original on 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Polar Expedition Vessel S.S. Terra Nova Discovered". 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
- ^ Rincon, Paul (2012-08-16). "Scott's wrecked ship Terra Nova found off Greenland". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
- ^ Bernardini, Federico; et al. (2012-09-19). "Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth". PLOS ONE. 7 (9): e44904. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...744904B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044904. PMC 3446997. PMID 23028670.
- ^ "News, Weather & Information for the Channel Islands - Bronze Age axe heads discovered". channelonline.tv. Archived from the original on 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
- ^ "Thracian Gold Treasure Discovered in Bulgaria". National Geographic. Washington, D.C. 2012-11-11. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved 2018-07-15.
- ^ "Iron Age bronze helmet found on Canterbury farmland". BBC News. 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "A Late Iron Age helmet found near Canterbury". Canterbury Archaeological Trust. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-12-11. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ Greaves, Laxshmi Rose (2019). "Devunigutta: A Recently Discovered 6th Century Temple in Telangana". Art of South Asia.
- ^ P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene, in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, available online
- ^ Berg, Raffi (2022-09-20). "Earliest evidence of opium use found in burial site in Israel". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
- ^ Palmer, Jason (2012-02-28). "Oetzi the Iceman's nuclear genome gives new insights". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
- ^ "Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu". BBC News. 2016-09-27. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ Fisk, Robert (2012-08-05). "Syria's ancient treasures pulverised". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
- ^ Wilkins, J.; et al. (2012-11-16). "Evidence for early hafted hunting technology". Science. 338 (6109): 942–946. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..942W. doi:10.1126/science.1227608. PMID 23161998. S2CID 206544031.
- ^ Morin, Monte (2012-11-16). "Stone-tipped spear may have much earlier origin". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
- ^ "Lives Remembered: Brian Dobson". The Independent. 3 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
- ^ "James Mellaart". Telegraph.co.uk. 2012-08-03. Retrieved 16 May 2017.