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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Year nav topic4|2012|archaeology|science}}
{{Year nav topic4|2012|archaeology|science}}


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==Explorations==
==Explorations==
* January - Discovery of a first-century farmhouse on the building site of the new stadium in the south of [[Marseille]].<ref>http://www.laprovence.com/article/actualites/2231432/marseille-une-ferme-du-ier-siecle-au-pied-du-velodrome.html</ref>
* January - Discovery of a first-century farmhouse on the building site of the new stadium in the south of [[Marseille]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.laprovence.com/article/actualites/2231432/marseille-une-ferme-du-ier-siecle-au-pied-du-velodrome.html | title=Marseille : Une ferme du Ier siècle au pied du Vélodrome| date=2013-02-28}}</ref>


==Excavations==
==Excavations==
⚫
* June 6 - Excavators from [[Museum of London Archaeology]] announce that they have uncovered the remains of the [[Elizabethan theatre|Elizabethan]] [[Curtain Theatre]] in [[Shoreditch]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=Remains of Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch|publisher=Museum of London Archaeology|date=2012-06-06|url=http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/NewsProjects/CurtainTheatre.htm|access-date=2012-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/jun/06/shakespeare-curtain-theatre-shoreditch-east-lonfon|title=Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=2012-06-05|access-date=2012-07-12|last=Kennedy|first=Maev|authorlink=Maev Kennedy}}</ref>
⚫
* Excavation of working-class [[back-to-back house]]s from the [[Industrial Revolution]] period at Chapel Street in [[Salford, Greater Manchester]], England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike|last=Nevell|title=Excavating Engels|url=https://archaeologyuos.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/excavating-engels/|work=archaeologyuos|date=2012-12-25|accessdate=2016-11-16}}</ref>
⚫
* August 24 - [[Philippa Langley]] in association with the [[Richard III Society]], and [[Leicester City Council]], engage [[University of Leicester]] Archaeological Services (ULAS), and announce that they have joined forces to begin a search for the site of [[Greyfriars, Leicester]], burial place of King [[Richard III of England]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic search for King Richard III begins in Leicester|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2012/august/historic-search-for-king-richard-iii-begins-in-leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-08-24|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-25/medieval-british-king-sought-under-car-park/4222264|title=Hunt for Richard III's remains under car park|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=2012-08-27|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> On September 5 the excavators announce that they have identified the church.<ref>{{cite web|title=Researchers find strong evidence for medieval church in Leicester where monarch was buried|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2012/august/greyfriars-project-2013-update-friday-31-august|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-08-31|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Search for Richard III confirms that remains are the long-lost Church of the Grey Friars|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2012/september/search-for-richard-iii-confirms-they-have-located-the-long-lost-church-of-the-grey-friars/|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-09-05|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> and on September 12 it is announced that a skeleton discovered during the search could have been that of Richard III,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-19561018|title=Richard III dig: 'Strong evidence' bones are lost king|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=2012-09-12|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref> a supposition confirmed in [[2013 in archaeology|2013]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Richard III dig: DNA confirms bones are king|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21063882|newspaper=BBC News|date=2013-02-04|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref>
⚫
* June 6 - Excavators from [[Museum of London Archaeology]] announce that they have uncovered the remains of the [[Elizabethan theatre|Elizabethan]] [[Curtain Theatre]] in [[Shoreditch]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=Remains of Shakespeare’s Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch|publisher=Museum of London Archaeology|date=2012-06-06|url=http://www.museumoflondonarchaeology.org.uk/NewsProjects/CurtainTheatre.htm|accessdate=2012-07-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2012/jun/06/shakespeare-curtain-theatre-shoreditch-east-lonfon|title=Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=2012-06-05|accessdate=2012-07-12|last=Kennedy|first=Maev|authorlink=Maev Kennedy}}</ref>
⚫
* October - Remains of substantial [[Mesolithic]] buildings are identified in [[Prehistoric Britain|Britain]] at Echline in [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Scottish dig unearths '10,000-year-old home' at Echline|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-20376243|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-10-18|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> Lunt Meadows at [[Sefton, Merseyside]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant archaeological discovery confirms Environment Agency habitat restoration work|url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/144344.aspx|publisher=[[Environment Agency]]|date=2012-11-22|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref> and from new investigations at [[Starr Carr]] in [[North Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]]|url=http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/086/ant0861004.htm|volume=86|issue=334|pages=1004–1020|title=Substantial settlement in the European Early Mesolithic: new research at Star Carr|first=Chantal|last=Conneller |date=December 2012|display-authors=etal|doi=10.1017/s0003598x00048213|s2cid=162889280}}</ref>
⚫
* August 24 - The [[University of Leicester]] Archaeological Services and [[Leicester City Council]], in association with the [[Richard III Society]], announce that they have joined forces to begin a search for the site of [[Greyfriars, Leicester]], burial place of King [[Richard III of England]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic search for King Richard III begins in Leicester|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2012/august/historic-search-for-king-richard-iii-begins-in-leicester|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-08-24|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-25/medieval-british-king-sought-under-car-park/4222264|title=Hunt for Richard III's remains under car park|publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]]|date=2012-08-27|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref> On September 5 the excavators announce that they have identified the church.<ref>{{cite web|title=Researchers find strong evidence for medieval church in Leicester where monarch was buried|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2012/august/greyfriars-project-2013-update-friday-31-august|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-08-31|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Search for Richard III confirms that remains are the long-lost Church of the Grey Friars|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2012/september/search-for-richard-iii-confirms-they-have-located-the-long-lost-church-of-the-grey-friars/|publisher=University of Leicester|date=2012-09-05|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref> and on September 12 it is announced that a skeleton discovered during the search could have been that of Richard III,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-19561018|title=Richard III dig: 'Strong evidence' bones are lost king|work=[[BBC News]]|date=2012-09-12|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref> a supposition confirmed in [[2013 in archaeology|2013]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Richard III dig: DNA confirms bones are king|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21063882|work=BBC News|date=2013-02-04|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref>
⚫
* December - Archaeologists complete excavation of a 900-seat [[Athenaeum (ancient Rome)|Athenaeum]] from the time of the Emperor [[Hadrian]] in [[Rome]] discovered during work on a [[Line C (Rome Metro)|Metro line]] at [[Piazza Venezia]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kington|first=Tom|title=Hadrian's hall: archaeologists finish excavation of Roman arts centre|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/26/hadrians-hall-roman-emperor-arts-centre|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2012-12-26|access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref>
⚫
* October - Remains of substantial [[Mesolithic]] buildings are identified in [[Prehistoric Britain|Britain]] at Echline in [[Scotland]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Scottish dig unearths '10,000-year-old home' at Echline|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-20376243|work=BBC News|date=2012-10-18|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref> Lunt Meadows at [[Sefton, Merseyside]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant archaeological discovery confirms Environment Agency habitat restoration work|url=http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/news/144344.aspx|publisher=[[Environment Agency]]|date=2012-11-22|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref> and from new investigations at [[Starr Carr]] in [[North Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Antiquity (journal)|Antiquity]]|url=http://antiquity.ac.uk/ant/086/ant0861004.htm|volume=86|issue=334|pages=1004–1020|title=Substantial settlement in the European Early Mesolithic: new research at Star Carr|first=Chantal|last=Conneller |date=December 2012|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
⚫
* Excavation of working-class [[back-to-back house]]s from the [[Industrial Revolution]] period at Chapel Street in [[Salford, Greater Manchester]], England.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike|last=Nevell|title=Excavating Engels|url=https://archaeologyuos.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/excavating-engels/|work=archaeologyuos|date=2012-12-25|access-date=2016-11-16|archive-date=2016-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116164658/https://archaeologyuos.wordpress.com/2012/12/25/excavating-engels/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
* December - Archaeologists complete excavation of a 900-seat [[Athenaeum (ancient Rome)|Athenaeum]] from the time of the Emperor [[Hadrian]] in [[Rome]] discovered during work on a [[Line C (Rome Metro)|Metro line]] at [[Piazza Venezia]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Kington|first=Tom|title=Hadrian's hall: archaeologists finish excavation of Roman arts centre|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/26/hadrians-hall-roman-emperor-arts-centre|work=The Guardian|date=2012-12-26|accessdate=2012-12-30}}</ref>
* Excavations at [[Holt Castle]] in Wales begin.


==Finds==
==Finds==
⚫
* Discovery of a rock inscription confirming the existence of [[Iry-Hor]], the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name.<ref name="talle">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: ''Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene'', in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, [https://www.academia.edu/3844520/_Iry-Hor_et_Narmer_au_Sud-Sinai_ouadi_Ameyra_ available online]</ref>
* January
* January
** The use of [[maize]] in [[Peru]] as early as 4700 [[BCE]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Study suggests ancient Peruvians 'ate popcorn'|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-16623473|work=BBC News|date=19 January 2012 |accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
** The use of [[maize]] in [[Peru]] as early as 4700 [[BCE]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Study suggests ancient Peruvians 'ate popcorn'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-16623473|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=19 January 2012|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref>
** Evidence for early [[Maya civilization|Maya]]n tobacco use is published.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The detection of nicotine in a Late Mayan period flask by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods|first1=Dmitri V.|last1=Zagorevski1|first2=Jennifer A.|last2=Loughmiller-Newman|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.5339/full|doi=10.1002/rcm.5339|journal=Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry|volume=26|issue=4 |accessdate=2012-12-27 |date=January 2012}}</ref>
** Evidence for early [[Maya civilization|Maya]]n tobacco use is published.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The detection of nicotine in a Late Mayan period flask by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods|first1=Dmitri V.|last1=Zagorevski|first2=Jennifer A.|last2=Loughmiller-Newman|doi=10.1002/rcm.5339|pmid=22279016|journal=Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry|volume=26|issue=4|pages=403–411|date=January 2012|bibcode=2012RCMS...26..403Z}}</ref>
** Discovery that the [[Viking]]s grew [[barley]] in [[Greenland]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Sybille|last=Hildebrandt|title=Vikings grew barley in Greenland|url=http://sciencenordic.com/vikings-grew-barley-greenland|work=ScienceNordic|date=2012-02-03|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
** Discovery that the [[Viking]]s grew [[barley]] in [[Greenland]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Sybille|last=Hildebrandt|title=Vikings grew barley in Greenland|url=http://sciencenordic.com/vikings-grew-barley-greenland|work=ScienceNordic|date=2012-02-03|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* February 17 - [[Alabaster]] colossus of [[pharaoh]] [[Amenhotep III]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian archeologist finds colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III|url=http://news.am/eng/news/93765.html|work=News.am|date=2012-02-17|accessdate=2012-06-25}}</ref>
* February 17 - [[Alabaster]] colossus of [[pharaoh]] [[Amenhotep III]] is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|title=Armenian archeologist finds colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III|url=http://news.am/eng/news/93765.html|work=News.am|date=2012-02-17|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref>
* March - Discovery of an inscribed doorjamb at [[Karnak]] giving the hitherto unknown titulary of pharaoh [[Senakhtenre Ahmose]].<ref name="moulin">Sébastien Biston-Moulin: ''Le roi Sénakht-en-Rê Ahmès de la XVIIe dynastie'', ENiM 5, 2012, p. 61-71, [http://www.enim-egyptologie.fr/index.php?page=enim-5&n=6 available online].</ref>
* March - Discovery of an inscribed doorjamb at [[Karnak]] giving the hitherto unknown titulary of pharaoh [[Senakhtenre Ahmose]].<ref name="moulin">Sébastien Biston-Moulin: ''Le roi Sénakht-en-Rê Ahmès de la XVIIe dynastie'', ENiM 5, 2012, p. 61-71, [http://www.enim-egyptologie.fr/index.php?page=enim-5&n=6 available online].</ref>
* March - A 7th century grave near [[Cambridge]] in [[England]] provides an early example of the transition from pagan [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] to [[Christianity|Christian]] burial practices.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anglo-Saxon Christian grave find near Cambridge 'extremely rare'|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-17378845|work=BBC News|date=2012-02-16|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* March - A 7th century grave near [[Cambridge]] in [[England]] provides an early example of the transition from pagan [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon]] to [[Christianity|Christian]] burial practices.<ref>{{cite news|title=Anglo-Saxon Christian grave find near Cambridge 'extremely rare'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-17378845|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-02-16|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* March 30 - In [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], archeologists report unearthing jars containing what they believe to be the world's oldest [[honey]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Giorgi|last=Lomsadze|title=Report: Georgia Unearths the World’s Oldest Honey|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65204|publisher=Eurasianet.org|date=2012-03-30|accessdate=2012-06-25}}</ref>
* March 30 - In [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], archeologists report unearthing jars containing what they believe to be the world's oldest [[honey]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Giorgi|last=Lomsadze|title=Report: Georgia Unearths the World's Oldest Honey|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65204|publisher=Eurasianet.org|date=2012-03-30|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref>
* May - The oldest Mayan [[astronomical calendar]] discovered so far, from the 9th century, is reported from [[Xultun]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Maya art and calendar at Xultun stun archaeologists|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18018343|work=BBC News|date=2012-05-10|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* May - The oldest Mayan [[astronomical calendar]] discovered so far, from the 9th century, is reported from [[Xultun]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Maya art and calendar at Xultun stun archaeologists|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18018343|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-05-10|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* May 9 - Archaeologists announce discovery on [[The Burren]] in [[Ireland]] of evidence of settlement from 6000 BCE.<ref>{{cite news|title=6,000-year-old settlement poses tsunami mystery|first=Andrew|last=Hamilton|date=2012-05-09|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/6000-year-old-settlement-poses-tsunami-mystery-193230.html|newspaper=[[Irish Examiner]]|location=Cork|accessdate=2012-06-29}}</ref>
* May 9 - Archaeologists announce discovery on [[The Burren]] in [[Ireland]] of evidence of settlement from 6000 BCE.<ref>{{cite news|title=6,000-year-old settlement poses tsunami mystery|first=Andrew|last=Hamilton|date=2012-05-09|url=http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/6000-year-old-settlement-poses-tsunami-mystery-193230.html|newspaper=[[Irish Examiner]]|location=Cork|access-date=2012-06-29}}</ref>
* May 22 - The [[Bedale Hoard]], a hoard of forty-eight [[silver]] and [[gold]] items dating from the late 9th to early 10th&nbsp;century&nbsp;AD was discovered in a field near [[Bedale, North Yorkshire|Bedale]], [[North Yorkshire]] by [[Metal detector|metal detectorists,]]<ref name='NorthernEcho'>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/11664045.Viking_hoard_revealed_in_all_its_beauty/ |title='Viking Hoard revealed in all its beauty' |publisher=Northern Echo |date=12 December 2014 |accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref>
* May 19 - The [[National Trust for Scotland]] announce that the first [[Bullaun stone|cursing stone]] to be found in the country, dated to circa 800, has been discovered on [[Canna, Scotland|Canna]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-18130259|title='Cursing stone' found on Isle of Canna|work=BBC News|access-date=20 May 2012}}</ref>
* May 22 - The [[Bedale Hoard]], a hoard of forty-eight [[silver]] and [[gold]] items dating from the late 9th to early 10th&nbsp;century&nbsp;AD is discovered in a field near [[Bedale, North Yorkshire|Bedale]], [[North Yorkshire]] by [[metal detector]]ists.<ref name='NorthernEcho'>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/11664045.Viking_hoard_revealed_in_all_its_beauty/|title=Viking Hoard revealed in all its beauty|publisher=Northern Echo|date=12 December 2014|access-date=15 December 2014}}</ref>
* June 25 - In the [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Jersey]], the discovery of the [[Grouville Hoard]] of an estimated 30,000 – 50,000 [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Celts|Celtic]] coins by [[metal detectorist]]s is announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roman and Celtic coin hoard worth up to £10m found in Jersey|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-18579868|work=BBC News|date=2012-06-25|accessdate=2012-06-25}}</ref>
* June 25 - In the [[Channel Islands|Channel Island]] of [[Jersey]], the discovery of the [[Grouville Hoard]] of an estimated 30,000 – 50,000 [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Celts|Celtic]] coins by [[metal detectorist]]s is announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Roman and Celtic coin hoard worth up to £10m found in Jersey|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-18579868|work=BBC News|date=2012-06-25|access-date=2012-06-25}}</ref>
* July
* July
** Discovery of 15th century underwear at [[Lengberg Castle]] in [[Austria]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|first=Deborah|last=Basckin|title=Underwear dating back to the 15th Century found in Austrian castle|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19050150|work=BBC News|date=2012-07-30|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medieval lingerie from Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol |url=http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |publisher=[[University of Innsbruck|Universität Innsbruck]] |date=2012-07-23 |accessdate=2012-12-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206041713/http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |archivedate=2016-02-06 }}</ref>
** Discovery of 15th century underwear at [[Lengberg Castle]] in [[Austria]] is confirmed.<ref>{{cite web|first=Deborah|last=Basckin|title=Underwear dating back to the 15th Century found in Austrian castle|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19050150|work=BBC News|date=2012-07-30|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Medieval lingerie from Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol |url=http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |publisher=[[University of Innsbruck|Universität Innsbruck]] |date=2012-07-23 |access-date=2012-12-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206041713/http://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/medieval-lingerie-from-lengberg-castle-east-tyrol.html |archive-date=2016-02-06 }}</ref>
** The wreck of the polar expedition ship ''[[Terra Nova (ship)|Terra Nova]]'' is discovered off [[Greenland]] by the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel ''Falkor''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schmidtocean.org/story/show/826|title=Polar Expedition Vessel S.S. ''Terra Nova'' Discovered|date=2012-08-13|accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19288188|title=Scott's wrecked ship ''Terra Nova'' found off Greenland|first=Paul|last=Rincon|work=BBC News|date=2012-08-16|accessdate=2012-10-06}}</ref>
** The wreck of the polar expedition ship ''[[Terra Nova (ship)|Terra Nova]]'' is discovered off [[Greenland]] by the Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel ''Falkor''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schmidtocean.org/story/show/826|title=Polar Expedition Vessel S.S. ''Terra Nova'' Discovered|date=2012-08-13|access-date=2013-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-19288188|title=Scott's wrecked ship ''Terra Nova'' found off Greenland|first=Paul|last=Rincon|work=BBC News|date=2012-08-16|access-date=2012-10-06}}</ref>
* September - A [[beeswax]] [[Dental restoration|filling]] is discovered in the cracked tooth of a [[Neolithic]] man in [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth|first=Federico|last=Bernardini|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0044904|work=[[PLOS ONE]]|volume=7|issue=9|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0044904|date=2012-09-19|accessdate=2012-12-27|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
* September - A [[beeswax]] [[Dental restoration|filling]] is discovered in the cracked tooth of a [[Neolithic]] man in [[Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth|first=Federico|last=Bernardini|journal=[[PLOS ONE]]|volume=7|issue=9|pages=e44904|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0044904|pmid=23028670|pmc=3446997|date=2012-09-19|bibcode=2012PLoSO...744904B|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* October - In Jersey, the [[Trinity Hoard]] of Bronze Age tools and weapons is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|title=News, Weather & Information for the Channel Islands - Bronze Age axe heads discovered|publisher=channelonline.tv|accessdate=2012-10-13}}</ref>
* October - In Jersey, the [[Trinity Hoard]] of Bronze Age tools and weapons is discovered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129070441/http://www.channelonline.tv/channelonline/DisplayArticle.asp?ID=501794|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-11-29|title=News, Weather & Information for the Channel Islands - Bronze Age axe heads discovered|publisher=channelonline.tv|access-date=2012-10-13}}</ref>
* November - 2,400-year-old golden treasure near the [[Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari]], [[Bulgaria]] <ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/pictures/121109-thracian-gold-hoard-treasure-bulgaria-science/</ref>
* November - 2,400-year-old golden treasure near the [[Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/pictures/121109-thracian-gold-hoard-treasure-bulgaria-science/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113061329/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/11/pictures/121109-thracian-gold-hoard-treasure-bulgaria-science|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 13, 2012|title=Thracian Gold Treasure Discovered in Bulgaria|date=2012-11-11|access-date=2018-07-15|work=[[National Geographic]]|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref>
* December - Discovery near [[Canterbury]], England, of a 1st-century [[Iron Age]] [[bronze]] helmet containing a bag of cremated human remains is announced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Iron Age bronze helmet found on Canterbury farmland|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-20594096|work=BBC News|date=2012-12-04|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Late Iron Age helmet found near Canterbury|url=http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|publisher=[[Canterbury Archaeological Trust]]|year=2012|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* December - Discovery near [[Canterbury]], England, of a 1st-century [[Iron Age]] [[bronze]] helmet containing a bag of cremated human remains is announced.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iron Age bronze helmet found on Canterbury farmland|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-20594096|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-12-04|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Late Iron Age helmet found near Canterbury|url=http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|publisher=[[Canterbury Archaeological Trust]]|year=2012|access-date=2012-12-27|archive-date=2012-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211115150/http://www.canterburytrust.co.uk/trust-blog/late-iron-age-helmet/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Undated
** [[Devunigutta Temple]] in India first reported.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Greaves|first=Laxshmi Rose|url=https://theartofsouthasia.com/2019/01/14/devni-gutta-a-recently-found-6th-century-temple-in-telangana/|title=Devunigutta: A Recently Discovered 6th Century Temple in Telangana|journal=Art of South Asia|year=2019}}</ref>
⚫
** Discovery of a rock inscription confirming the existence of [[Iry-Hor]], the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name.<ref name="talle">P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: ''Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene'', in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, [https://www.academia.edu/3844520/_Iry-Hor_et_Narmer_au_Sud-Sinai_ouadi_Ameyra_ available online]</ref>
** Cypriot pottery vessels excavated at [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]] in the land of [[Canaan]] (modern-day Israel) subsequently discovered to contain the earliest surviving evidence of [[opium]] for use as a [[narcotic]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Earliest evidence of opium use found in burial site in Israel|first=Raffi|last=Berg|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-62930429|date=2022-09-20|accessdate=2022-09-20}}</ref>


==Events==
==Events==
* February - Completion of [[whole genome sequencing]] on [[Ötzi]] (d. c.3255 BCE) identifies his paternal [[DNA]] with [[Sardinia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oetzi the Iceman's nuclear genome gives new insights|first=Jason|last=Palmer|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17191398|work=BBC News|date=2012-02-28|accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* February - Completion of [[whole genome sequencing]] on [[Ötzi]] (d. c.3255 BCE) identifies his paternal [[DNA]] with [[Sardinia]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Oetzi the Iceman's nuclear genome gives new insights|first=Jason|last=Palmer|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17191398|newspaper=BBC News|date=2012-02-28|access-date=2012-12-27}}</ref>
* July - Mausoleums and a mosque in [[Timbuktu]] (Mali) are deliberately attacked by rebels, a war crime for which [[Ahmad al-Mahdi]] in 2016 pleads guilty before the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37438360|title=Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu|website=BBC News|accessdate=16 May 2017}}</ref>
* July - Mausoleums and a mosque in [[Timbuktu]] (Mali) are deliberately attacked by rebels, a war crime for which [[Ahmad al-Mahdi]] in 2016 pleads guilty before the [[International Criminal Court]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37438360|title=Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu|website=BBC News|access-date=16 May 2017|date=2016-09-27}}</ref>
* August - The [[Krak des Chevaliers]] is [[Artillery|shelled]] by the [[Syrian Army]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-syrias-ancient-treasures-pulverised-8007768.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-syrias-ancient-treasures-pulverised-8007768.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Syria's ancient treasures pulverised|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=2012-08-05|access-date=2012-08-05|first=Robert|last=Fisk|author-link=Robert Fisk}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* November - Study from the [[Kathu Archaeological Complex]] in South Africa suggests that hominids, possibly ''[[Homo heidelbergensis]]'', may have developed the technology of hafted stone-tipped [[spear]]s about 500,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal|first=J.|last=Wilkins|display-authors=etal|title=Evidence for early hafted hunting technology|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=338|date=2012-11-16|issue=6109 |pages=942–946 |doi=10.1126/science.1227608|pmid=23161998 |bibcode=2012Sci...338..942W |s2cid=206544031 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first=Monte |last=Morin |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/16/science/la-sci-hafting-spears-20121116 |title=Stone-tipped spear may have much earlier origin |journal=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=2012-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118111851/http://articles.latimes.com/2012/nov/16/science/la-sci-hafting-spears-20121116 |archive-date=18 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Deaths==
==Deaths==
*July 19: [[Brian Dobson (archaeologist)|Brian Dobson]], [[British people|British]] [[archaeologist]] notable for work on [[Hadrian's Wall]] and the [[Roman Army]] (b. [[1931 in archaeology|1931]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Lives Remembered: Brian Dobson|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-brian-dobson-archaeologist-and-noted-authority-on-hadrian-s-wall-8002039.html|website=The Independent|accessdate=28 December 2016|date=3 August 2012}}</ref>
*July 19: [[Brian Dobson (archaeologist)|Brian Dobson]], [[British people|British]] [[archaeologist]] notable for work on [[Hadrian's Wall]] and the [[Roman Army]] (b. [[1931 in archaeology|1931]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Lives Remembered: Brian Dobson|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-brian-dobson-archaeologist-and-noted-authority-on-hadrian-s-wall-8002039.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-brian-dobson-archaeologist-and-noted-authority-on-hadrian-s-wall-8002039.html |archive-date=2022-05-01 |url-access=subscription|website=The Independent|access-date=28 December 2016|date=3 August 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*July 29: [[James Mellaart]], British archaeologist. (b. [[1925 in archaeology|1925]])<ref>{{cite web|title=James Mellaart|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9450610/James-Mellaart.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=16 May 2017|language=en}}</ref>
*July 29: [[James Mellaart]], British archaeologist. (b. [[1925 in archaeology|1925]])<ref>{{cite news|title=James Mellaart|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/9450610/James-Mellaart.html|website=Telegraph.co.uk|access-date=16 May 2017|language=en|date=2012-08-03}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 50: Line 58:


[[Category:2012 in science|Archaeology]]
[[Category:2012 in science|Archaeology]]
[[Category:Years in archaeology]]
[[Category:Archaeology by year]]
[[Category:2012 archaeological discoveries|Archaeology, 2012 In]]
[[Category:2012 archaeological discoveries|Archaeology, 2012 In]]

Latest revision as of 20:21, 20 June 2024

List of years in archaeology (table)
In science
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
+...

The year 2012 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Explorations

[edit]
  • January - Discovery of a first-century farmhouse on the building site of the new stadium in the south of Marseille.[1]

Excavations

[edit]

Finds

[edit]

Events

[edit]

Deaths

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Marseille : Une ferme du Ier siècle au pied du Vélodrome". 2013-02-28.
  2. ^ "Remains of Shakespeare's Curtain Theatre discovered in Shoreditch" (Press release). Museum of London Archaeology. 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  3. ^ Kennedy, Maev (2012-06-05). "Shakespeare's Curtain theatre unearthed in east London". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  4. ^ "Historic search for King Richard III begins in Leicester". University of Leicester. 2012-08-24. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  5. ^ "Hunt for Richard III's remains under car park". ABC News (Australia). 2012-08-27. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  6. ^ "Researchers find strong evidence for medieval church in Leicester where monarch was buried". University of Leicester. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  7. ^ "Search for Richard III confirms that remains are the long-lost Church of the Grey Friars". University of Leicester. 2012-09-05. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  8. ^ "Richard III dig: 'Strong evidence' bones are lost king". BBC News. 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  9. ^ "Richard III dig: DNA confirms bones are king". BBC News. 2013-02-04. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  10. ^ "Scottish dig unearths '10,000-year-old home' at Echline". BBC News. 2012-10-18. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  11. ^ "Significant archaeological discovery confirms Environment Agency habitat restoration work". Environment Agency. 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  12. ^ Conneller, Chantal; et al. (December 2012). "Substantial settlement in the European Early Mesolithic: new research at Star Carr". Antiquity. 86 (334): 1004–1020. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00048213. S2CID 162889280.
  13. ^ Kington, Tom (2012-12-26). "Hadrian's hall: archaeologists finish excavation of Roman arts centre". The Guardian. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
  14. ^ Nevell, Mike (2012-12-25). "Excavating Engels". archaeologyuos. Archived from the original on 2016-11-16. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  15. ^ "Study suggests ancient Peruvians 'ate popcorn'". BBC News. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  16. ^ Zagorevski, Dmitri V.; Loughmiller-Newman, Jennifer A. (January 2012). "The detection of nicotine in a Late Mayan period flask by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 26 (4): 403–411. Bibcode:2012RCMS...26..403Z. doi:10.1002/rcm.5339. PMID 22279016.
  17. ^ Hildebrandt, Sybille (2012-02-03). "Vikings grew barley in Greenland". ScienceNordic. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  18. ^ "Armenian archeologist finds colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III". News.am. 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  19. ^ Sébastien Biston-Moulin: Le roi Sénakht-en-Rê Ahmès de la XVIIe dynastie, ENiM 5, 2012, p. 61-71, available online.
  20. ^ "Anglo-Saxon Christian grave find near Cambridge 'extremely rare'". BBC News. 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  21. ^ Lomsadze, Giorgi (2012-03-30). "Report: Georgia Unearths the World's Oldest Honey". Eurasianet.org. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  22. ^ "Maya art and calendar at Xultun stun archaeologists". BBC News. 2012-05-10. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  23. ^ Hamilton, Andrew (2012-05-09). "6,000-year-old settlement poses tsunami mystery". Irish Examiner. Cork. Retrieved 2012-06-29.
  24. ^ "'Cursing stone' found on Isle of Canna". BBC News. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  25. ^ "Viking Hoard revealed in all its beauty". Northern Echo. 12 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  26. ^ "Roman and Celtic coin hoard worth up to £10m found in Jersey". BBC News. 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  27. ^ Basckin, Deborah (2012-07-30). "Underwear dating back to the 15th Century found in Austrian castle". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  28. ^ "Medieval lingerie from Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol". Universität Innsbruck. 2012-07-23. Archived from the original on 2016-02-06. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  29. ^ "Polar Expedition Vessel S.S. Terra Nova Discovered". 2012-08-13. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
  30. ^ Rincon, Paul (2012-08-16). "Scott's wrecked ship Terra Nova found off Greenland". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-10-06.
  31. ^ Bernardini, Federico; et al. (2012-09-19). "Beeswax as Dental Filling on a Neolithic Human Tooth". PLOS ONE. 7 (9): e44904. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...744904B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0044904. PMC 3446997. PMID 23028670.
  32. ^ "News, Weather & Information for the Channel Islands - Bronze Age axe heads discovered". channelonline.tv. Archived from the original on 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
  33. ^ "Thracian Gold Treasure Discovered in Bulgaria". National Geographic. Washington, D.C. 2012-11-11. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012. Retrieved 2018-07-15.
  34. ^ "Iron Age bronze helmet found on Canterbury farmland". BBC News. 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  35. ^ "A Late Iron Age helmet found near Canterbury". Canterbury Archaeological Trust. 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-12-11. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  36. ^ Greaves, Laxshmi Rose (2019). "Devunigutta: A Recently Discovered 6th Century Temple in Telangana". Art of South Asia.
  37. ^ P. Tallet, D. Laisnay: Iry-Hor et Narmer au Sud-Sinaï (Ouadi 'Ameyra), un complément à la chronologie des expéditios minière égyptiene, in: BIFAO 112 (2012), 381-395, available online
  38. ^ Berg, Raffi (2022-09-20). "Earliest evidence of opium use found in burial site in Israel". BBC News. Retrieved 2022-09-20.
  39. ^ Palmer, Jason (2012-02-28). "Oetzi the Iceman's nuclear genome gives new insights". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  40. ^ "Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi: The vandal of Timbuktu". BBC News. 2016-09-27. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  41. ^ Fisk, Robert (2012-08-05). "Syria's ancient treasures pulverised". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 2012-08-05.
  42. ^ Wilkins, J.; et al. (2012-11-16). "Evidence for early hafted hunting technology". Science. 338 (6109): 942–946. Bibcode:2012Sci...338..942W. doi:10.1126/science.1227608. PMID 23161998. S2CID 206544031.
  43. ^ Morin, Monte (2012-11-16). "Stone-tipped spear may have much earlier origin". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
  44. ^ "Lives Remembered: Brian Dobson". The Independent. 3 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  45. ^ "James Mellaart". Telegraph.co.uk. 2012-08-03. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
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