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{{Short description|Electronic design automation company}}
{{Short description|Company}}
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{{advert|date=December 2013}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2008}}
{{Expert needed|electronics|technology|reason=compound problems actively deflect non-specialist participation <!-- AKA, needs a quick crocodilian make-over with patented Australian overconfidence --> |date=September 2020}}
{{Expert needed|electronics|technology|reason=compound problems actively deflect non-specialist participation <!-- AKA, needs a quick crocodilian make-over with patented Australian overconfidence --> |date=September 2020}}
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{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
| name = Mentor Graphics Corporation
| name = Siemans EDA
| logo = Mentor Graphics logo.svg
|former_name = Mentor Graphics
| image = Mentor Graphics entrance.JPG
| logo = File:Siemens AG logo.svg
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Wilsonville, Oregon]]
| foundation = 1981
| foundation = 1981
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<ref name="oregonlive.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2017/04/siemens_says_mentor_graphics_w.html|title = Siemens says Mentor will keep its name, business and HQ|date = 4 April 2017}}</ref>
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]]<ref name="oregonlive.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2017/04/siemens_says_mentor_graphics_w.html|title = Siemens says Mentor will keep its name, business and HQ|date = 4 April 2017}}</ref> (Independent Subsidiary)
| fate = Acquired by [[Siemens]] and merged into [[Siemens Digital Industries Software]]
| location = [[Wilsonville, Oregon]], <br />[[United States]]<br />{{coord|45|19|10|N|122|45|46|W|type:landmark_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Wilsonville, Oregon]], <br />[[United States]]<br />{{coord|45|19|10|N|122|45|46|W|type:landmark_region:US-OR|display=inline,title}}
| industry = [[Electronic design automation|EDA]], [[Embedded Software]]
| industry = [[Electronic design automation|EDA]], [[Embedded Software]]
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| assets = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|{{increase}} US$ 1.745284&nbsp;billion (2013) <ref name='xbrlus_2014'>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701811/000070181113000016/0000701811-13-000016-index.htm |title=MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 2013 Q3 Quarterly Report Form (10-Q) |publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission |format=XBRL |date=December 4, 2013}}</ref>}}|{{nowrap|{{increase}} US$ 1.550675&nbsp;billion (2012) <ref name='xbrlus_2013'>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701811/000070181113000003/0000701811-13-000003-index.htm |title=MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 2012 Annual Report Form (10-K) |publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission |format=XBRL |date=March 15, 2013}}</ref>}}}}
| assets = {{unbulleted list|{{nowrap|{{increase}} US$ 1.745284&nbsp;billion (2013) <ref name='xbrlus_2014'>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701811/000070181113000016/0000701811-13-000016-index.htm |title=MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 2013 Q3 Quarterly Report Form (10-Q) |publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission |format=XBRL |date=December 4, 2013}}</ref>}}|{{nowrap|{{increase}} US$ 1.550675&nbsp;billion (2012) <ref name='xbrlus_2013'>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701811/000070181113000003/0000701811-13-000003-index.htm |title=MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 2012 Annual Report Form (10-K) |publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission |format=XBRL |date=March 15, 2013}}</ref>}}}}
| num_employees = 5,968 (2017)<ref name=form10k-2017>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701811/000070181117000004/ment-20170131x10k.htm |title=MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 2017 Form 10-K |access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref>
| num_employees = 5,968 (2017)<ref name=form10k-2017>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/701811/000070181117000004/ment-20170131x10k.htm |title=MENTOR GRAPHICS CORP 2017 Form 10-K |access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref>
| parent = [[Siemens]]
| homepage = [https://eda.sw.siemens.com/en-US Siemens EDA]

}}
}}
'''Mentor Graphics Corporation''' was a [[United States|US]]-based [[electronic design automation]] (EDA) [[multinational corporation]] for [[electrical engineering]] and [[electronics]], headquartered in [[Wilsonville, Oregon|Wilsonville]], Oregon. Founded in 1981, the company distributed products that assist in [[electronic design automation]], simulation tools for analog mixed-signal design, [[VPN]] solutions, and [[fluid dynamics]] and heat transfer tools. The company leveraged [[Apollo Computer]] workstations to differentiate itself within the [[computer-aided engineering]] (CAE) market with its [[software]] and [[Computer hardware|hardware]].
'''Siemens EDA''' is a [[United States|US]]-based [[electronic design automation]] (EDA) [[multinational corporation]] for [[electrical engineering]] and [[electronics]], headquartered in [[Wilsonville, Oregon|Wilsonville]], [[Oregon]]. Founded in 1981 as Mentor Graphics, the company was acquired by [[Siemens]] in 2017.


The company distributes products that assist in [[electronic design automation]], simulation tools for analog mixed-signal design, [[VPN]] solutions, and [[fluid dynamics]] and heat transfer tools. The company leveraged [[Apollo Computer]] workstations to differentiate itself within the [[computer-aided engineering]] (CAE) market with its [[software]] and [[Computer hardware|hardware]].
Mentor Graphics was acquired by [[Siemens]] in 2017. The name was retired in 2021 and renamed '''Siemens EDA''', a segment of [[Siemens Digital Industries Software]].


== History ==
== History ==
Mentor Graphics was founded in 1981 by [[Tom Bruggere]], Gerry Langeler, and Dave Moffenbeier, all formerly of [[Tektronix]].<ref name="OLHistory">{{cite web |last1=Rogoway |first1=Mike |title=Siemens completes $4.5 billion purchase of Mentor Graphics |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2017/03/siemens_completes_45_billion_p.html |website=Oregon Live |access-date=November 4, 2022 |date=March 30, 2017}}</ref> The company raised $55 million in funding through an initial public offering in 1984.<ref name="OLHistory"/>
Siemens EDA was founded as Mentor Graphics in 1981 by [[Tom Bruggere]], Gerry Langeler, and Dave Moffenbeier, all formerly of [[Tektronix]]. The first round of money, worth $1 million, came from Sutter Hill, Greylock, and Venrock Associates. The next round was $2 million from five venture capital firms, and in April 1983 a third round raised an additional $7 million.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}


[[Apollo Computer]] workstations were chosen as the initial hardware platform. Based in [[Chelmsford, Massachusetts]], Apollo was less than a year old and had only announced itself to the public a few weeks prior to when the founders of Mentor Graphics began their initial meetings.
Mentor initially wrote software that ran only in [[Apollo Computer|Apollo]] workstations.<ref name="NYTapollo">{{cite news |last1=Fisher |first1=Lawrence M. |title=In Hot Pursuit of Mentor Photos of Mentor's chief executive, Thomas H. Bruggere, with the package deal: Software by Mentor Graphics, running on Apollo hardware (NYT/Brian Drake); the chassis of an Apollo workstation, which uses Mentor's software system |work=The New York Times |date=8 January 1989 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/08/business/hot-pursuit-mentor-photos-mentor-s-chief-executive-thomas-h-bruggere-with.html |access-date=November 4, 2022}}</ref>

When Mentor entered the CAE market the company had two technical differentiators: the first was the software {{En dash}} Mentor, Valid, and Daisy each had software with different strengths and weaknesses. The second, was the hardware {{En dash}} Mentor ran all programs on the Apollo workstation, while Daisy and Valid each built their own hardware. By the late 1980s, all EDA companies abandoned proprietary hardware in favor of workstations manufactured by companies such as Apollo and Sun Microsystems.


When Mentor entered the CAE market the company had two technical differentiators: the first was the software - Mentor, Valid, and Daisy each had software with different strengths and weaknesses. The second, was the hardware - Mentor ran all programs on the Apollo workstation, while Daisy and Valid each built their own hardware. By the late 1980s, all EDA companies abandoned proprietary hardware in favor of workstations manufactured by companies such as Apollo and Sun Microsystems.
[[File:Mentor-ASB-Logo-Color-2.svg|250px|Logo used after the acquisition by Siemens in 2017|right]]
After a frenzied development, the IDEA 1000 product was introduced at the 1982 [[Design Automation Conference]], though in a suite and not on the floor.<ref>''The Mentor Graphics Story'' copyright 1988 Mentor Graphics Corporation</ref>
After a frenzied development, the IDEA 1000 product was introduced at the 1982 [[Design Automation Conference]], though in a suite and not on the floor.<ref>''The Mentor Graphics Story'' copyright 1988 Mentor Graphics Corporation</ref>


Mentor Graphics was purchased by [[Siemens]] in 2017. The name was retired in 2021 and renamed Siemens EDA, a segment of [[Siemens Digital Industries Software]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dahad |first1=Nitin |title=Mentor Finally Becomes Siemens EDA From January 2021 |url=https://www.eetimes.com/mentor-finally-becomes-siemens-eda-from-january-2021/ |website=EE Times}}</ref>
Mentor Graphics was purchased by [[Siemens]] in 2017. The name was retired in 2021 and renamed Siemens EDA.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dahad |first1=Nitin |title=Mentor Finally Becomes Siemens EDA From January 2021 |url=https://www.eetimes.com/mentor-finally-becomes-siemens-eda-from-january-2021/ |website=EE Times}}</ref>


== Acquisitions ==
== Acquisitions ==
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|$160 million
|$160 million
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Squeeze is on, as Mentor, Cadence make acquisitions|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1144585|access-date=2019-03-22|website=EETimes}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Squeeze is on, as Mentor, Cadence make acquisitions|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1144585|access-date=2019-03-22|website=EETimes}}</ref>
|-
|2002
|IKOS Systems
|Emulation product
|$124 million
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mentor Graphics Acquires IKOS |first=Thor |last=Olavsrud |website=internetnews.com |date=March 13, 2002 |url=https://www.internetnews.com/it-management/mentor-graphics-acquires-ikos/ |access-date=2023-07-16}}</ref>
|-
|-
|2004
|2004
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* In June 2008, [[Cadence Design Systems]] offered to acquire Mentor Graphics in a [[leveraged buyout]]. On 15 August 2008, Cadence withdrew this offer quoting an inability to raise the necessary capital and the unwillingness of Mentor Graphics' Board and management to discuss the offer.<ref name="CadenceWithdraws">{{cite web|url=http://www.cadence.com/cadence/newsroom/press_releases/pages/pr.aspx?xml=081508_announcement|title=Cadence Withdraws|access-date=2008-09-18}}</ref>
* In June 2008, [[Cadence Design Systems]] offered to acquire Mentor Graphics in a [[leveraged buyout]]. On 15 August 2008, Cadence withdrew this offer quoting an inability to raise the necessary capital and the unwillingness of Mentor Graphics' Board and management to discuss the offer.<ref name="CadenceWithdraws">{{cite web|url=http://www.cadence.com/cadence/newsroom/press_releases/pages/pr.aspx?xml=081508_announcement|title=Cadence Withdraws|access-date=2008-09-18}}</ref>
*In February 2011, activist investor [[Carl Icahn]] offered to buy the company for about $1.86 billion in cash.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-02-22/billionaire-icahn-offers-17-a-share-in-cash-to-purchase-mentor-graphics | title=Icahn Bids $1.86 Billion for Mentor Graphics, Seeks Offers | newspaper=Bloomberg.com | date=22 February 2011 }}</ref>
*In February 2011, activist investor [[Carl Icahn]] offered to buy the company for about $1.86 billion in cash.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-02-22/billionaire-icahn-offers-17-a-share-in-cash-to-purchase-mentor-graphics | title=Icahn Bids $1.86 Billion for Mentor Graphics, Seeks Offers | newspaper=Bloomberg.com | date=22 February 2011 }}</ref>
*In November 2016, Mentor Graphics announced that it was to be acquired by [[Siemens]] for $4.5 billion,<ref>Machine Design [https://www.machinedesign.com/news/article/21834976/siemens-acquires-mentor-graphics-for-45-billion Siemens Acquires Mentor Graphics for $4.5 Billion] Retrieved November 14, 2016</ref> at $37.25 per share, a 21% premium on Mentor's closing price on the previous Friday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mentor.com/company/news/siemens-to-expand-its-digital-industrial-leadership-with-acquisition-of-mentor-graphics|title=Siemens to expand its digital industrial leadership with acquisition of Mentor Graphics|website=www.mentor.com|access-date=2016-11-14}}</ref> The acquisition was completed in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2017/03/siemens_completes_45_billion_p.html|title=Siemens completes $4.5 billion purchase of Mentor Graphics|work=The Oregonian/OregonLive|last1=Rogoway|first1=Mike|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> At this time, this represented Siemen's biggest deal in the industrial software sector.<ref>{{cite web |title=Siemens boosts software business with $4.5 billion deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1390Q0/ |publisher=Reuters |access-date=8 April 2024}}</ref> Mentor Graphics started to operate as "Mentor, a Siemens Business".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mentor.com/company/ |title = Mentor, a Siemens Business}}</ref> Under the terms of the acquisition, Mentor Graphics kept its headquarters in Wilsonville with workforce intact, and operated as an independent subsidiary.<ref name="oregonlive.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2017/04/siemens_says_mentor_graphics_w.html|title = Siemens says Mentor will keep its name, business and HQ|date = 4 April 2017}}</ref>
*In November 2016, Mentor Graphics announced that it was to be acquired by [[Siemens]] for $4.5 billion,<ref>Machine Design [https://www.machinedesign.com/news/article/21834976/siemens-acquires-mentor-graphics-for-45-billion Siemens Acquires Mentor Graphics for $4.5 Billion] Retrieved November 14, 2016</ref> at $37.25 per share, a 21% premium on Mentor's closing price on the previous Friday.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mentor.com/company/news/siemens-to-expand-its-digital-industrial-leadership-with-acquisition-of-mentor-graphics|title=Siemens to expand its digital industrial leadership with acquisition of Mentor Graphics|website=www.mentor.com|access-date=2016-11-14}}</ref> The acquisition was completed in March 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2017/03/siemens_completes_45_billion_p.html|title=Siemens completes $4.5 billion purchase of Mentor Graphics|work=The Oregonian/OregonLive|last1=Rogoway|first1=Mike|access-date=30 March 2017}}</ref> Mentor Graphics started to operate as "Mentor, a Siemens Business".<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.mentor.com/company/ |title = Mentor, a Siemens Business}}</ref> Under the terms of the acquisition, Mentor Graphics kept its headquarters in Wilsonville with workforce intact, and operated as an independent subsidiary.<ref name="oregonlive.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2017/04/siemens_says_mentor_graphics_w.html|title = Siemens says Mentor will keep its name, business and HQ|date = 4 April 2017}}</ref>
*In January 2021, Mentor became a division of Siemens and was renamed as Siemens EDA.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eetimes.com/mentor-finally-becomes-siemens-eda-from-january-2021/ | title=Mentor Finally Becomes Siemens EDA from January 2021 | date=15 December 2020 }}</ref>
*In January 2021, Mentor became a division of Siemens and was renamed as Siemens EDA.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eetimes.com/mentor-finally-becomes-siemens-eda-from-january-2021/ | title=Mentor Finally Becomes Siemens EDA from January 2021 | date=15 December 2020 }}</ref>


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{{Overly detailed|section|date=September 2020}}
{{Overly detailed|section|date=September 2020}}


[[Image:Mentor Graphics entrance.JPG|thumb|Entrance to company headquarters]]
Mentor offered the following tools:
Mentor offered the following tools:


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*[[Schematic capture]] editors for [[circuit diagram|electronic schematic]]s such as ''Xpedition Designer''
*[[Schematic capture]] editors for [[circuit diagram|electronic schematic]]s such as ''Xpedition Designer''
*[[Layout (fabrication)|Layout]] and design tools for [[printed circuit board]]s with programs such as ''PADS'', ''Xpedition Layout'', ''HyperLynx'' and ''Valor NPI''
*[[Layout (fabrication)|Layout]] and design tools for [[printed circuit board]]s with programs such as ''PADS'', ''Xpedition Layout'', ''HyperLynx'' and ''Valor NPI''
*[[Falcon Framework]], software application framework<ref>{{cite web |last1=Krishnakumar |first1=Anish Nallamur |title=Design and Run-Time Resource Management of Domain-Specific Systems-on-Chip (DSSoCs) |url=https://elab.ece.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1634/2022/03/Anish-Prelims-Report-v2.pdf |website=eLab: Energy Efficient Embedded Exploration |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison |access-date=19 May 2023 |date=January 20, 2022}}</ref>
*Component library management tools
*Component library management tools
*[[Semiconductor intellectual property core|IP core]]s for ASIC and FPGA designs
*[[Semiconductor intellectual property core|IP core]]s for ASIC and FPGA designs
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*Development Tools:
*Development Tools:
**Sourcery CodeBench and Sourcery GNU toolchains (acquired in 2010 when Mentor acquired CodeSourcery)
**Sourcery CodeBench and Sourcery GNU toolchains (acquired in 2010 when Mentor acquired CodeSourcery)
**[[Inflexion UI]] {{En dash}} (Next Device was acquired by Mentor in 2006)
**[[Inflexion UI]] - (Next Device was acquired by Mentor in 2006)
**[[Executable UML|xtUML]] Design Tools: BridgePoint (acquired in 2004 when Mentor acquired Project Technology)
**[[Executable UML|xtUML]] Design Tools: BridgePoint (acquired in 2004 when Mentor acquired Project Technology)
*VPN Solutions:
*VPN Solutions:
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=== FPGA synthesis ===
=== FPGA synthesis ===
*[[Precision Synthesis]] {{En dash}} Advanced RTL & physical synthesis for FPGAs
*[[Precision Synthesis]] - Advanced RTL & physical synthesis for FPGAs


=== Electrical systems, cabling, and harness ===
=== Electrical systems, cabling, and harness ===
*Capital {{En dash}} a suite of integrated tools for the design, validation and manufacture of electrical systems and harnesses
*Capital - a suite of integrated tools for the design, validation and manufacture of electrical systems and harnesses
*[[VeSys]] {{En dash}} a mid-market toolset for vehicle electrical system and harness design
*[[VeSys]] - a mid-market toolset for vehicle electrical system and harness design


=== Simulation ===
=== Simulation ===
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=== Emulation ===
=== Emulation ===


* The Veloce product family enables [[System_on_a_chip|SoC]] [[Emulator|emulation]] and transaction-based acceleration to verify and rectify issues on [[Hardware_description_language|HDL]] designs [[prefabrication]].
* The Veloce product family enables SoC emulation and transaction-based acceleration.


=== Mechanical design ===
=== Mechanical design ===
*Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer tools:
*Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer tools:
**Simcenter Flotherm is a [[Computational Fluid Dynamics]] tool dedicated to [[electronics cooling]] using parameterized 'SmartParts' for common electronic components such as fans, heatsinks, and IC packages.
**Simcenter Flotherm is a [[Computational Fluid Dynamics]] tool dedicated to [[electronics cooling]] using parameterized ‘SmartParts’ for common electronic components such as fans, heatsinks, and IC packages
**Simcenter Flotherm XT is an [[electronics cooling]] CFD tool incorporating a solid modeler for manipulating MCAD parts.
**Simcenter Flotherm XT is an [[electronics cooling]] CFD tool incorporating a solid modeler for manipulating MCAD parts.
**Simcenter FLOEFD is a 'design concurrent' CFD tool for use in early-stage product design and is embedded within MCAD systems such as Solidworks, Creo Elements/Pro, CATIA V5 and Siemens NX.
**Simcenter FLOEFD is a ‘design concurrent’ CFD tool for use in early-stage product design and is embedded within MCAD systems such as Solidworks, Creo Elements/Pro, CATIA V5 and Siemens NX
*Thermal Characterization and Thermal Interface Material (TIM) Measurement equipment:
*Thermal Characterization and Thermal Interface Material (TIM) Measurement equipment:
**Simcenter T3STER is a hardware product that embodies an implementation of the JEDEC JESD51-1 standard for IC package thermal characterization and is compliant with JESD51-14 for Rth-JC measurement.
**Simcenter T3STER is a hardware product that embodies an implementation of the JEDEC JESD51-1 standard for IC package thermal characterization and is compliant with JESD51-14 for Rth-JC measurement
**Simcenter TERALED provides automation of the CIE 127:2007 standard providing total flux, chromaticity and correlated color temperature (CCT) for power LEDs. With T3Ster it provides thermal resistance metrics for LEDs based on the real dissipated heating power.
**Simcenter TERALED provides automation of the CIE 127:2007 standard providing total flux, chromaticity and correlated color temperature (CCT) for power LEDs. With T3Ster it provides thermal resistance metrics for LEDs based on the real dissipated heating power.
**Simcenter DYNTIM extends T3Ster, providing a dynamic thermal test station for thermal conductivity measurements of thermal interface materials (TIMs), [[thermal grease]]s and gap pads.
**Simcenter DYNTIM extends T3Ster, providing a dynamic thermal test station for thermal conductivity measurements of thermal interface materials (TIMs), [[thermal grease]]s and gap pads.
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[[Category:Siemens]]
[[Category:Siemens]]
[[Category:American subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:American subsidiaries of foreign companies]]
[[Category:Defunct software companies of the United States]]
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Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ   Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ   Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ   Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ   Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π   Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ   Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω   {{Polytonic|}}
Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г   Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ   Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж   З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і   Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к   Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м   Н н Њ њ О о П п   Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ   У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х   Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш   Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь   Э э Ю ю Я я   ́
IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ   ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ   ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ   ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ   ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ   ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ   ɥ ʍ ɧ   ʼ   ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ   ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ   ɨ ʉ ɯ   ɪ ʏ ʊ   ø ɘ ɵ ɤ   ə ɚ   ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ   æ   ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ   ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ   ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪   {{IPA|}}

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