Metallothionein 2A: Difference between revisions

MT2A
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1MHU, 2MHU
Identifiers
Aliases	MT2A, MT2, Metallothionein 2A, MT-II, MT-2
External IDs	OMIM: 156360; HomoloGene: 136536; GeneCards: MT2A; OMA:MT2A - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)
End	56,609,497 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	pericardium; ; right lobe of liver; ; olfactory bulb; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; left uterine tube; ; external globus pallidus; ; cartilage tissue; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; Region I of hippocampus proper;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; metal ion binding; zinc ion binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; cytosol; nucleus;
Biological process	response to metal ion; cellular response to interleukin-3; cellular response to erythropoietin; negative regulation of growth; cellular response to zinc ion; interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway; cellular copper ion homeostasis; cellular zinc ion homeostasis; detoxification of copper ion; cellular response to cadmium ion; cellular response to copper ion; nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; response to bacterium;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4502
	n/a
	ENSG00000125148
	n/a
	P02795
	n/a
	NM_005953
	n/a
	NP_005944
	n/a
	Wikidata
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Latest revision as of 02:41, 6 May 2024

Metallothionein-2 is a metallothionein protein that in humans is encoded by the MT2A gene.^[3]^[4]

The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs28366003 which substitutes guanine for adenine in MT2A is associated with certain cancers and some chronic diseases.^[5]

Interactions

Metallothionein 2A has been shown to interact with protein kinase D1.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000125148 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Karin M, Richards RI (Dec 1982). "Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene". Nature. 299 (5886): 797–802. Bibcode:1982Natur.299..797K. doi:10.1038/299797a0. PMID 7133118. S2CID 4332683.
^ "Entrez Gene: MT2A metallothionein 2A".
^ Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M (2020). "Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans". Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju. 71 (1): 27–47. doi:10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3349. PMC 7837243. PMID 32597135.
^ Rao, Prema S; Jaggi Meena; Smith David J; Hemstreet George P; Balaji K C (Oct 2003). "Metallothionein 2A interacts with the kinase domain of PKCmu in prostate cancer". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310 (3). United States: 1032–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.118. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 14550308.

Kissling MM, Kägi HR (1977). "Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein". FEBS Lett. 82 (2): 247–50. Bibcode:1977FEBSL..82..247K. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(77)80594-2. PMID 913597. S2CID 46396323.
Yamazaki S, Nakanishi M, Hamamoto T, et al. (1993). "Expression of human metallothionein-II fusion protein in Escherichia coli". Biochem. Int. 28 (3): 451–60. PMID 1339282.
Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, et al. (1992). "Comparison of the solution conformations of human [Zn7]-metallothionein-2 and [Cd7]-metallothionein-2 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy". J. Mol. Biol. 225 (2): 433–43. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90930-I. PMID 1593628.
Zafarullah M, Martel-Pelletier J, Cloutier JM, et al. (1992). "Expression of c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, metallothionein and metalloproteinase genes in human chondrocyte". FEBS Lett. 306 (2–3): 169–72. Bibcode:1992FEBSL.306..169Z. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80992-P. PMID 1633872. S2CID 43460076.
Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, et al. (1990). "Three-dimensional structure of human [113Cd7]metallothionein-2 in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy". J. Mol. Biol. 214 (3): 765–79. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(90)90291-S. PMID 2388267.
Duguid JR, Bohmont CW, Liu NG, Tourtellotte WW (1989). "Changes in brain gene expression shared by scrapie and Alzheimer disease". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (18): 7260–4. Bibcode:1989PNAS...86.7260D. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.7260. PMC 298037. PMID 2780570.
Karin M, Haslinger A, Heguy A, et al. (1987). "Metal-responsive elements act as positive modulators of human metallothionein-IIA enhancer activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 (2): 606–13. doi:10.1128/mcb.7.2.606. PMC 365115. PMID 3821726.
Karin M, Haslinger A, Holtgreve H, et al. (1984). "Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene". Nature. 308 (5959): 513–9. Bibcode:1984Natur.308..513K. doi:10.1038/308513a0. PMID 6323998. S2CID 4357363.
Schmidt CJ, Hamer DH, McBride OW (1984). "Chromosomal location of human metallothionein genes: implications for Menkes' disease". Science. 224 (4653): 1104–6. Bibcode:1984Sci...224.1104S. doi:10.1126/science.6719135. PMID 6719135.
Karin M, Richards RI (1982). "Human metallothionein genes: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mRNA". Nucleic Acids Res. 10 (10): 3165–73. doi:10.1093/nar/10.10.3165. PMC 320698. PMID 6896577.
Lambert E, Kille P, Swaminathan R (1996). "Cloning and sequencing a novel metallothionein I isoform expressed in human reticulocytes". FEBS Lett. 389 (2): 210–2. Bibcode:1996FEBSL.389..210L. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00587-X. PMID 8766831. S2CID 8195335.
Woo ES, Dellapiazza D, Wang AS, Lazo JS (1999). "Energy-dependent nuclear binding dictates metallothionein localization". J. Cell. Physiol. 182 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200001)182:1<69::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 10567918. S2CID 31787611.
Jiang LJ, Vasák M, Vallee BL, Maret W (2000). "Zinc transfer potentials of the alpha - and beta-clusters of metallothionein are affected by domain interactions in the whole molecule". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (6): 2503–8. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.2503J. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.6.2503. PMC 15958. PMID 10716985.
Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, et al. (2000). "Metallothionein isoform 1 and 2 gene expression in the human prostate: downregulation of MT-1X in advanced prostate cancer". Prostate. 43 (2): 125–35. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(20000501)43:2<125::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-S. PMID 10754528. S2CID 8768274.
Ebert MP, Günther T, Hoffmann J, et al. (2000). "Expression of metallothionein II in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer". Cancer Res. 60 (7): 1995–2001. PMID 10766190.
Toyama M, Yamashita M, Hirayama N, Murooka Y (2003). "Interactions of arsenic with human metallothionein-2". J. Biochem. 132 (2): 217–21. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003213. PMID 12153718.
Sun X, Kang YJ (2002). "Prior increase in metallothionein levels is required to prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity". Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood). 227 (8): 652–7. doi:10.1177/153537020222700815. PMID 12192109. S2CID 45099558.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, et al. (2003). "HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages". Nat. Med. 9 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1038/nm822. PMID 12539042. S2CID 26145639.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 16 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000125148 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7133118-3] Karin M, Richards RI (Dec 1982). "Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene". Nature. 299 (5886): 797–802. Bibcode:1982Natur.299..797K. doi:10.1038/299797a0. PMID 7133118. S2CID 4332683.

[entrez-4] "Entrez Gene: MT2A metallothionein 2A".

[pmid32597135-5] Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M (2020). "Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans". Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju. 71 (1): 27–47. doi:10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3349. PMC 7837243. PMID 32597135.

[pmid14550308-6] Rao, Prema S; Jaggi Meena; Smith David J; Hemstreet George P; Balaji K C (Oct 2003). "Metallothionein 2A interacts with the kinase domain of PKCmu in prostate cancer". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 310 (3). United States: 1032–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.118. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 14550308.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Protein found in humans}}
-<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
+{{Infobox_gene}}
-{{PBB_Controls
+'''Metallothionein-2''' is a [[metallothionein]] [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''MT2A'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid7133118">{{cite journal |vauthors=Karin M, Richards RI | title = Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene | journal = Nature | volume = 299 | issue = 5886 | pages = 797–802 |date=Dec 1982 | pmid = 7133118 | doi =10.1038/299797a0  | bibcode =1982Natur.299..797K | s2cid = 4332683 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MT2A metallothionein 2A| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4502}}</ref>
-| update_page = yes
-| require_manual_inspection = no
-| update_protein_box = yes
-| update_summary = yes
-| update_citations = yes
-}}
+The [[single-nucleotide polymorphism]] rs28366003 which substitutes [[guanine]] for [[adenine]] in ''MT2A'' is associated with certain [[cancer]]s and some [[Chronic condition|chronic diseases]].<ref name="pmid32597135">{{cite journal | vauthors=Sekovanić A, Jurasović J, Piasek M | title=Metallothionein 2A gene polymorphisms in relation to diseases and trace element levels in humans | journal=Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju | volume=71 | issue=1 | pages=27–47 | year=2020 |  doi = 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3349 | pmc=7837243 | pmid=32597135 }}</ref>
-<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
-{{GNF_Protein_box
- | image = PBB_Protein_MT2A_image.jpg
- | image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1mhu.
- | PDB = {{PDB2|1mhu}}, {{PDB2|1mrb}}, {{PDB2|1mrt}}, {{PDB2|2mhu}}
- | Name = Metallothionein 2A
- | HGNCid = 7406
- | Symbol = MT2A
- | AltSymbols =; MT2
- | OMIM = 156360
- | ECnumber =
- | Homologene = 48388
- | MGIid = 97172
- | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_MT2A_212185_x_at_tn.png
- | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005507 |text = copper ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
- | Component =
- | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006878 |text = cellular copper ion homeostasis}}
- | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
-    | Hs_EntrezGene = 4502
-    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000125148
-    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005944
-    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005953
-    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
-    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 16
-    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 55199997
-    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 55200909
-    | Hs_Uniprot = P02795
-    | Mm_EntrezGene = 17750
-    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031762
-    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008630
-    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032656
-    | Mm_GenLoc_db =
-    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
-    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 97061913
-    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 97062691
-    | Mm_Uniprot = P02798
-  }}
-}}
-'''Metallothionein 2A''', also known as '''MT2A''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MT2A metallothionein 2A| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4502| accessdate = }}</ref>
+==Interactions==
-<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
+Metallothionein 2A has been shown to [[protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[protein kinase D1]].<ref name=pmid14550308>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.118 |last=Rao |first=Prema S |author2=Jaggi Meena |author3=Smith David J |author4=Hemstreet George P |author5=Balaji K C  |date=Oct 2003 |title=Metallothionein 2A interacts with the kinase domain of PKCmu in prostate cancer |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=310 |issue=3 |pages=1032–8 |location = United States| issn = 0006-291X| pmid = 14550308 }}</ref>
-{{PBB_Summary
-| section_title =
-| summary_text =
-}}
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
 {{refbegin | 2}}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kissling MM, Kägi HR |title=Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=82 |issue= 2 |pages= 247–50 |year= 1977 |pmid= 913597 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(77)80594-2  |s2cid=46396323 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1977FEBSL..82..247K }}
-{{PBB_Further_reading
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Yamazaki S, Nakanishi M, Hamamoto T, etal |title=Expression of human metallothionein-II fusion protein in Escherichia coli. |journal=Biochem. Int. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 451–60 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1339282 }}
-| citations =
-*{{cite journal  | author=Kissling MM, Kägi HR |title=Primary structure of human hepatic metallothionein. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=82 |issue= 2 |pages= 247-50 |year= 1977 |pmid= 913597 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, etal |title=Comparison of the solution conformations of human [Zn7]-metallothionein-2 and [Cd7]-metallothionein-2 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=225 |issue= 2 |pages= 433–43 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1593628 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(92)90930-I  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Yamazaki S, Nakanishi M, Hamamoto T, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of human metallothionein-II fusion protein in Escherichia coli. |journal=Biochem. Int. |volume=28 |issue= 3 |pages= 451-60 |year= 1993 |pmid= 1339282 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Zafarullah M, Martel-Pelletier J, Cloutier JM, etal |title=Expression of c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, metallothionein and metalloproteinase genes in human chondrocyte. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=306 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 169–72 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1633872 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(92)80992-P  |s2cid=43460076 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1992FEBSL.306..169Z }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, ''et al.'' |title=Comparison of the solution conformations of human [Zn7]-metallothionein-2 and [Cd7]-metallothionein-2 using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=225 |issue= 2 |pages= 433-43 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1593628 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, etal |title=Three-dimensional structure of human [113Cd7]metallothionein-2 in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=214 |issue= 3 |pages= 765–79 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2388267 |doi=10.1016/0022-2836(90)90291-S  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Zafarullah M, Martel-Pelletier J, Cloutier JM, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, metallothionein and metalloproteinase genes in human chondrocyte. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=306 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 169-72 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1633872 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Duguid JR, Bohmont CW, Liu NG, Tourtellotte WW |title=Changes in brain gene expression shared by scrapie and Alzheimer disease. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=86 |issue= 18 |pages= 7260–4 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2780570 |doi=10.1073/pnas.86.18.7260  | pmc=298037  |bibcode=1989PNAS...86.7260D |doi-access=free }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Messerle BA, Schäffer A, Vasák M, ''et al.'' |title=Three-dimensional structure of human [113Cd7]metallothionein-2 in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=214 |issue= 3 |pages= 765-79 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2388267 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Karin M, Haslinger A, Heguy A, etal |title=Metal-responsive elements act as positive modulators of human metallothionein-IIA enhancer activity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 2 |pages= 606–13 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3821726 |doi=  10.1128/mcb.7.2.606| pmc=365115  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Duguid JR, Bohmont CW, Liu NG, Tourtellotte WW |title=Changes in brain gene expression shared by scrapie and Alzheimer disease. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=86 |issue= 18 |pages= 7260-4 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2780570 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Karin M, Haslinger A, Holtgreve H, etal |title=Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene. |journal=Nature |volume=308 |issue= 5959 |pages= 513–9 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6323998 |doi=10.1038/308513a0  |bibcode=1984Natur.308..513K |s2cid=4357363 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Karin M, Haslinger A, Heguy A, ''et al.'' |title=Metal-responsive elements act as positive modulators of human metallothionein-IIA enhancer activity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=7 |issue= 2 |pages= 606-13 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3821726 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Schmidt CJ, Hamer DH, McBride OW |title=Chromosomal location of human metallothionein genes: implications for Menkes' disease. |journal=Science |volume=224 |issue= 4653 |pages= 1104–6 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6719135 |doi=10.1126/science.6719135  |bibcode=1984Sci...224.1104S }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Karin M, Haslinger A, Holtgreve H, ''et al.'' |title=Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene. |journal=Nature |volume=308 |issue= 5959 |pages= 513-9 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6323998 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Karin M, Richards RI |title=Human metallothionein genes: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mRNA. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=10 |issue= 10 |pages= 3165–73 |year= 1982 |pmid= 6896577 |doi=10.1093/nar/10.10.3165  | pmc=320698  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Schmidt CJ, Hamer DH, McBride OW |title=Chromosomal location of human metallothionein genes: implications for Menkes' disease. |journal=Science |volume=224 |issue= 4653 |pages= 1104-6 |year= 1984 |pmid= 6719135 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Lambert E, Kille P, Swaminathan R |title=Cloning and sequencing a novel metallothionein I isoform expressed in human reticulocytes. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=389 |issue= 2 |pages= 210–2 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8766831 |doi=10.1016/0014-5793(96)00587-X  |s2cid=8195335 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1996FEBSL.389..210L }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Karin M, Richards RI |title=Human metallothionein genes: molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the mRNA. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=10 |issue= 10 |pages= 3165-73 |year= 1982 |pmid= 6896577 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Woo ES, Dellapiazza D, Wang AS, Lazo JS |title=Energy-dependent nuclear binding dictates metallothionein localization. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=182 |issue= 1 |pages= 69–76 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10567918 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200001)182:1<69::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-9 |s2cid=31787611 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Karin M, Richards RI |title=Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene. |journal=Nature |volume=299 |issue= 5886 |pages= 797-802 |year= 1982 |pmid= 7133118 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Jiang LJ, Vasák M, Vallee BL, Maret W |title=Zinc transfer potentials of the alpha - and beta-clusters of metallothionein are affected by domain interactions in the whole molecule. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 6 |pages= 2503–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10716985 |doi=10.1073/pnas.97.6.2503  | pmc=15958  |bibcode=2000PNAS...97.2503J |doi-access=free }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Lambert E, Kille P, Swaminathan R |title=Cloning and sequencing a novel metallothionein I isoform expressed in human reticulocytes. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=389 |issue= 2 |pages= 210-2 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8766831 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, etal |title=Metallothionein isoform 1 and 2 gene expression in the human prostate: downregulation of MT-1X in advanced prostate cancer. |journal=Prostate |volume=43 |issue= 2 |pages= 125–35 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10754528 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(20000501)43:2<125::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-S  |s2cid=8768274 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Woo ES, Dellapiazza D, Wang AS, Lazo JS |title=Energy-dependent nuclear binding dictates metallothionein localization. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=182 |issue= 1 |pages= 69-76 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10567918 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(200001)182:1<69::AID-JCP8>3.0.CO;2-9 }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ebert MP, Günther T, Hoffmann J, etal |title=Expression of metallothionein II in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=60 |issue= 7 |pages= 1995–2001 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10766190 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Jiang LJ, Vasák M, Vallee BL, Maret W |title=Zinc transfer potentials of the alpha - and beta-clusters of metallothionein are affected by domain interactions in the whole molecule. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 6 |pages= 2503-8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10716985 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Toyama M, Yamashita M, Hirayama N, Murooka Y |title=Interactions of arsenic with human metallothionein-2. |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=132 |issue= 2 |pages= 217–21 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12153718 |doi=  10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a003213}}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, ''et al.'' |title=Metallothionein isoform 1 and 2 gene expression in the human prostate: downregulation of MT-1X in advanced prostate cancer. |journal=Prostate |volume=43 |issue= 2 |pages= 125-35 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10754528 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sun X, Kang YJ |title=Prior increase in metallothionein levels is required to prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. |journal=Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) |volume=227 |issue= 8 |pages= 652–7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12192109 |doi=  10.1177/153537020222700815|s2cid=45099558 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Ebert MP, Günther T, Hoffmann J, ''et al.'' |title=Expression of metallothionein II in intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=60 |issue= 7 |pages= 1995-2001 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10766190 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M |doi-access=free }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Toyama M, Yamashita M, Hirayama N, Murooka Y |title=Interactions of arsenic with human metallothionein-2. |journal=J. Biochem. |volume=132 |issue= 2 |pages= 217-21 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12153718 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, etal |title=HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=9 |issue= 2 |pages= 191–7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12539042 |doi= 10.1038/nm822 |s2cid=26145639 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Sun X, Kang YJ |title=Prior increase in metallothionein levels is required to prevent doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. |journal=Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) |volume=227 |issue= 8 |pages= 652-7 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12192109 |doi=  }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
-*{{cite journal  | author=Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages. |journal=Nat. Med. |volume=9 |issue= 2 |pages= 191-7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12539042 |doi= 10.1038/nm822 }}
-}}
 {{refend}}
+{{PDB Gallery|geneid=4502}}
+[[Category:Human proteins]]
 {{gene-16-stub}}