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{{short description|Unit of time}}
{{short description|One millionth of a second}}
{{refimprove|date=July 2009}}
[[File:Aluminium plate spalling.gif|thumb|This animation illustrates the generation of the debris and ejecta clouds after a spherical aluminum projectile impacts a thin aluminum plate at approximately 7 km/s. The frame interval is about 1 microsecond.]]


{{Infobox unit
⚫
A '''microsecond''' is an [[International System of Units|SI unit]] of time equal to one [[millionth]] (0.000001 or 10<sup>−6</sup> or {{frac|1|1,000,000}}) of a [[second]]. Its symbol is '''μs''', sometimes simplified to '''us''' when Unicode is not available.
| name = microsecond
| image =
| caption =
| symbol = μs
| standard = [[SI]]
| quantity = [[time]]
| units1 = [[SI units]]
| inunits1 = {{val|e=-6|ul=s}}
}}
⚫
A '''microsecond''' is a unit of [[time]] in the [[International System of Units]] (SI) equal to one [[millionth]] (0.000001 or 10<sup>−6</sup> or {{frac|1|1,000,000}}) of a [[second]]. Its symbol is '''μs''', sometimes simplified to '''us''' when [[Unicode]] is not available.

A microsecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 11.57 days.


A microsecond is equal to 1000 [[nanosecond]]s or {{frac|1|1,000}} of a [[millisecond]]. Because the next [[Metric prefix|SI prefix]] is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10<sup>−5</sup> and 10<sup>−4</sup> seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of microseconds.
A microsecond is equal to 1000 [[nanosecond]]s or {{frac|1|1,000}} of a [[millisecond]]. Because the next [[Metric prefix|SI prefix]] is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10<sup>−5</sup> and 10<sup>−4</sup> seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of microseconds.
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==Examples==
==Examples==


* 1 microsecond (1 [[Mu (letter)|μ]]s) – cycle time for [[frequency]] {{val|1|e=6|ul=hertz}} (1&nbsp;MHz), the inverse unit. This corresponds to radio wavelength [[1 E2 m|300]] [[metre|m]] (AM [[medium wave]] band), as can be calculated by multiplying 1&nbsp;μs by the [[speed of light]] (approximately {{val|3.00|e=8|u=m/s}}) to determine the distance travelled.
* 1 microsecond (1 [[Mu (letter)|μ]]s) – cycle time for [[frequency]] {{val|1|e=6|ul=hertz}} (1&nbsp;MHz), the inverse unit. This corresponds to radio wavelength [[1 E2 m|300]] [[metre|m]] (AM [[medium wave]] band), as can be calculated by multiplying 1&nbsp;μs by the [[speed of light]] (approximately {{val|3.00|e=8|u=m/s}}).
* 1 microsecond – the length of time of a high-speed, commercial [[strobe light]] flash (see [[air-gap flash]]).
* 1 microsecond – the length of time of a high-speed, commercial [[strobe light]] flash (see [[air-gap flash]]).
* 1 microsecond – [[protein folding]] takes place on the order of microseconds (thus this is the speed of [[carbon-based life]]).
* 1.8 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's [[day]] as a result of the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Japanese earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gross |first1=R.S. |title=Japan quake may have shortened Earth days, moved axis |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-080 |accessdate=23 August 2019 |agency=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |publisher=JPL News |date=14 March 2014}}</ref>
* 1.8 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's [[day]] as a result of the [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|2011 Japanese earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gross |first1=R.S. |title=Japan quake may have shortened Earth days, moved axis |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-080 |access-date=23 August 2019 |agency=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |publisher=JPL News |date=14 March 2014}}</ref>
* 2 microseconds – the lifetime of a [[muonium]] particle
* 2 microseconds – the lifetime of a [[muonium]] particle.
* 2.68 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's day as a result of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].<ref name="IndianOceanNASA">{{cite web | url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2005-009 | title=NASA Details Earthquake Effects on the Earth | publisher=NASA | date=January 10, 2005 | accessdate=June 29, 2011 | author=Buis, Alan}}</ref>
* 2.68 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's day as a result of the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 Indian Ocean earthquake]].<ref name="IndianOceanNASA">{{cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2005/jan/HQ_05011_earthquake.html | title=NASA Details Earthquake Effects on the Earth | publisher=NASA | date=January 10, 2005 | access-date=September 18, 2021 | last1=Cook-Anderson | first1=Gretchen | last2=Beasley | first2=Dolores}}</ref>
* 3.33564095 microseconds – the time taken by [[light]] to travel one [[kilometer]] in a [[vacuum]]
* 5.4 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one [[mile]] in a vacuum (or radio waves point-to-point in a near vacuum)
* 3.33564095 microseconds – the time taken by [[light]] to travel one [[kilometre]] in a [[vacuum]].
* 8.01 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one mile in typical [[Single-mode optical fiber|single-mode fiber optic cable]]
* 5.4 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one [[mile]] in a vacuum (or radio waves point-to-point in a near vacuum).
* 10 microseconds (μs) – cycle time for frequency [[Hertz|100 kHz]], radio wavelength [[Orders of magnitude (length)|3]] [[kilometre|km]]
* 8 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one mile in typical [[Single-mode optical fiber|single-mode fiber optic cable]].
* 10 microseconds (μs) – cycle time for frequency [[Hertz|100 kHz]], radio wavelength [[Orders of magnitude (length)|3]] [[kilometre|km]].
* 18 microseconds – net amount per year that the length of the day lengthens, largely due to [[tidal acceleration]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-find-a-day-on-earth-is-getting-longer-each-century|title=Earth's Days Are Getting 2 Milliseconds Longer Every 100 Years|last=MacDonald|first=Fiona|work=ScienceAlert|access-date=2017-03-08|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* 18 microseconds – net amount per year that the length of the day lengthens, largely due to [[tidal acceleration]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-find-a-day-on-earth-is-getting-longer-each-century|title=Earth's Days Are Getting 2 Milliseconds Longer Every 100 Years|last=MacDonald|first=Fiona|work=ScienceAlert|access-date=2017-03-08|language=en-gb}}</ref>
* 20.8 microseconds – [[Sampling (signal processing)|sampling]] interval for digital audio with 48,000 samples/s
* 20.8 microseconds – [[Sampling (signal processing)|sampling]] interval for digital audio with 48,000 samples/s.
* 22.7 microseconds – sampling interval for [[Compact disc|CD]] audio (44,100 samples/s)
* 22.7 microseconds – sampling interval for [[Compact disc|CD]] audio (44,100 samples/s).
* 38 microseconds – discrepancy in [[GPS]] [[satellite]] time per day (compensated by clock speed) due to [[General relativity|relativity]]{{hsp}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html | title= GPS and Relativity | accessdate=2011-10-01 | author= Richard Pogge }}</ref>
* 38 microseconds – discrepancy in [[GPS]] [[satellite]] time per day (compensated by clock speed) due to [[General relativity|relativity]]{{hsp}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html | title= GPS and Relativity | access-date=2011-10-01 | author= Richard Pogge }}</ref>
* 50 microseconds – cycle time for highest [[Hearing (sense)|human-audible]] tone (20&nbsp;kHz)
* 50 microseconds – cycle time for highest [[Hearing (sense)|human-audible]] tone (20&nbsp;kHz).
* 50 microseconds to read – the access latency for a modern solid state drive which holds non-volatile computer data<ref>[http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/ssd-dc-s3500-spec.pdf Intel Solid State Drive Product Specification]</ref>
* 50 microseconds – to read the access latency for a modern solid state drive which holds non-volatile computer data.<ref>[http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/ssd-dc-s3500-spec.pdf Intel Solid State Drive Product Specification]</ref>
* 100 microseconds (0.1&nbsp;ms) – cycle time for frequency 10 kHz
* 100 microseconds (0.1&nbsp;ms) – cycle time for frequency 10 kHz.
* 125 microseconds – common sampling interval for telephone audio (8000 samples/s).<ref>{{Citation |last=Kumar |first=Anurag |title=Application Models and Performance Issues |date=2008 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123742544500041 |work=Wireless Networking |pages=53–79 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-012374254-4.50004-1 |isbn=978-0-12-374254-4 |access-date=2022-08-08 |last2=Manjunath |first2=D. |last3=Kuri |first3=Joy}}</ref>
* 125 microseconds – sampling interval for telephone audio (8000 samples/s)
* 164 microseconds – [[half-life]] of [[polonium]]-214
* 164 microseconds – [[half-life]] of [[polonium]]-214.
* 240 microseconds – half-life of [[copernicium]]-277
* 240 microseconds – half-life of [[copernicium]]-277.
* 260 to 480 microseconds - return trip ICMP ping time, including operating system kernel TCP/IP processing and answer time, between two Gigabit Ethernet devices connected to the same local area network switch fabric.
* 250 microseconds – cycle time for highest tone in [[telephone]] audio (4&nbsp;kHz){{Citation needed|date=May 2011}}
* 277.8 microseconds – a fourth (a 60th of a 60th of a second), used in astronomical calculations by [[al-Biruni]] and [[Roger Bacon]] in 1000 and 1267 AD, respectively.<ref>{{cite book
* 277.8 microseconds – a fourth (a 60th of a 60th of a second), used in astronomical calculations by [[al-Biruni]] and [[Roger Bacon]] in 1000 and 1267 AD, respectively.<ref>{{cite book
|author=al-Biruni
|author=al-Biruni
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|year=1879
|year=1879
|title=The chronology of ancient nations: an English version of the Arabic text of the Athâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî, or "Vestiges of the Past"
|title=The chronology of ancient nations: an English version of the Arabic text of the Athâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî, or "Vestiges of the Past"
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA148&vq=thirds|pages=147–149
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIEAAAAIAAJ&q=thirds&pg=PA148|pages=147–149
|publisher=[[W. H. Allen & Co.|W. H. Allen]]
|publisher=[[W. H. Allen & Co.|W. H. Allen]]
|oclc=9986841
|oclc=9986841
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{{cite book
{{cite book
|author=R Bacon
|author=R Bacon
| authorlink= Roger Bacon
| author-link= Roger Bacon
|others=translator: BR Belle
|others=translator: BR Belle
|year=2000 |origyear=1928
|year=2000 |orig-year=1928
|title= [[Opus Majus|The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon]]
|title= [[Opus Majus|The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon]]
|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]
|page=table facing page 231
|page=table facing page 231
|isbn=978-1-85506-856-8
|isbn=978-1-85506-856-8
|nopp=true
|no-pp=true
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
* 489.67 microseconds – time for light at a 1550&nbsp;nm frequency to travel 100&nbsp;km in a singlemode fiber optic cable (where speed of light is approximately 200 million meters per second due to its [[Refractive index|index of refraction]]).
* 490 microseconds – time for light at a 1550&nbsp;nm frequency to travel 100&nbsp;km in a singlemode fiber optic cable (where speed of light is approximately 200 million metres per second due to its [[Refractive index|index of refraction]]).
* The average human eye [[blink]] takes 350,000 microseconds (just over {{frac|1|3}} second).

*The average human eye [[blink]] takes 350,000 microseconds (just over {{frac|1|3}} second).
* The average human finger [[Finger snapping|snap]] takes 150,000 microseconds (just over {{frac|1|7}} second).
*The average human finger [[Finger snapping|snap]] takes 150,000 microseconds (just over {{frac|1|7}} second).
* A [[Flash (photography)|camera flash]] illuminates for 1,000 microseconds.
*A [[Flash (photography)|camera flash]] illuminates for 1,000 microseconds.
* Standard camera [[shutter speed]] opens the shutter for 4,000 microseconds or 4 milliseconds.
* 584542 years of microseconds fit in 64 bits: (2**64)/(1e6*60*60*24*365.25).
*Standard camera [[shutter speed]] opens the shutter for 4,000 microseconds or 4 milliseconds.


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 11:44, 4 September 2024

microsecond
Unit systemSI
Unit oftime
Symbolμs
Conversions
1 μs in ...... is equal to ...
   SI units   10−6 s

A microsecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or 1⁄1,000,000) of a second. Its symbol is μs, sometimes simplified to us when Unicode is not available.

A microsecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 11.57 days.

A microsecond is equal to 1000 nanoseconds or 1⁄1,000 of a millisecond. Because the next SI prefix is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10−5 and 10−4 seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of microseconds.

Examples

[edit]
  • 1 microsecond (1 μs) – cycle time for frequency 1×106 hertz (1 MHz), the inverse unit. This corresponds to radio wavelength 300 m (AM medium wave band), as can be calculated by multiplying 1 μs by the speed of light (approximately 3.00×108 m/s).
  • 1 microsecond – the length of time of a high-speed, commercial strobe light flash (see air-gap flash).
  • 1 microsecond – protein folding takes place on the order of microseconds (thus this is the speed of carbon-based life).
  • 1.8 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's day as a result of the 2011 Japanese earthquake.[1]
  • 2 microseconds – the lifetime of a muonium particle.
  • 2.68 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's day as a result of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.[2]
  • 3.33564095 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one kilometre in a vacuum.
  • 5.4 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one mile in a vacuum (or radio waves point-to-point in a near vacuum).
  • 8 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one mile in typical single-mode fiber optic cable.
  • 10 microseconds (μs) – cycle time for frequency 100 kHz, radio wavelength 3 km.
  • 18 microseconds – net amount per year that the length of the day lengthens, largely due to tidal acceleration.[3]
  • 20.8 microseconds – sampling interval for digital audio with 48,000 samples/s.
  • 22.7 microseconds – sampling interval for CD audio (44,100 samples/s).
  • 38 microseconds – discrepancy in GPS satellite time per day (compensated by clock speed) due to relativity .[4]
  • 50 microseconds – cycle time for highest human-audible tone (20 kHz).
  • 50 microseconds – to read the access latency for a modern solid state drive which holds non-volatile computer data.[5]
  • 100 microseconds (0.1 ms) – cycle time for frequency 10 kHz.
  • 125 microseconds – common sampling interval for telephone audio (8000 samples/s).[6]
  • 164 microseconds – half-life of polonium-214.
  • 240 microseconds – half-life of copernicium-277.
  • 260 to 480 microseconds - return trip ICMP ping time, including operating system kernel TCP/IP processing and answer time, between two Gigabit Ethernet devices connected to the same local area network switch fabric.
  • 277.8 microseconds – a fourth (a 60th of a 60th of a second), used in astronomical calculations by al-Biruni and Roger Bacon in 1000 and 1267 AD, respectively.[7][8]
  • 490 microseconds – time for light at a 1550 nm frequency to travel 100 km in a singlemode fiber optic cable (where speed of light is approximately 200 million metres per second due to its index of refraction).
  • The average human eye blink takes 350,000 microseconds (just over 1⁄3 second).
  • The average human finger snap takes 150,000 microseconds (just over 1⁄7 second).
  • A camera flash illuminates for 1,000 microseconds.
  • Standard camera shutter speed opens the shutter for 4,000 microseconds or 4 milliseconds.
  • 584542 years of microseconds fit in 64 bits: (2**64)/(1e6*60*60*24*365.25).

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gross, R.S. (14 March 2014). "Japan quake may have shortened Earth days, moved axis". JPL News. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  2. ^ Cook-Anderson, Gretchen; Beasley, Dolores (January 10, 2005). "NASA Details Earthquake Effects on the Earth". NASA. Retrieved September 18, 2021.
  3. ^ MacDonald, Fiona. "Earth's Days Are Getting 2 Milliseconds Longer Every 100 Years". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  4. ^ Richard Pogge. "GPS and Relativity". Retrieved 2011-10-01.
  5. ^ Intel Solid State Drive Product Specification
  6. ^ Kumar, Anurag; Manjunath, D.; Kuri, Joy (2008), "Application Models and Performance Issues", Wireless Networking, Elsevier, pp. 53–79, doi:10.1016/b978-012374254-4.50004-1, ISBN 978-0-12-374254-4, retrieved 2022-08-08
  7. ^ al-Biruni (1879). The chronology of ancient nations: an English version of the Arabic text of the Athâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî, or "Vestiges of the Past". Translated by Sachau C Edward. W. H. Allen. pp. 147–149. OCLC 9986841.
  8. ^ R Bacon (2000) [1928]. The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon. translator: BR Belle. University of Pennsylvania Press. table facing page 231. ISBN 978-1-85506-856-8.
[edit]
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