Mirza Husayn Tehrani: Difference between revisions
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In 1891, he became a Marja', and by the demise of [[Mirza Shirazi]] in 1895 he was listed among great jurists, and many people from Tehran followed him.<ref name=":0">Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. ''Middle Eastern Studies''. '''49''' (3): p. 440. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0026-3206.</ref> When the parliament came under attack from imperial court's cleric, [[Sheikh Fazlollah Noori|Shaykh Fazlullah Nuri]], Tehrani alongside other jurists of Najaf sided with democracy and acted as a legitimizing force.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bayat|first=Mangol|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/irans-first-revolution-9780195068221?cc=us&lang=en&|title=Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909|date=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-19-506822-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern History|location=Oxford, New York|pages=181}}</ref> They invoked the Quranic command of ‘[[enjoining good and forbidding wrong]]’ to justify democracy in the period of [[Occultation (Islam)|occultation]], and linked opposition to the constitutional movement to ‘a war against the [[Mahdi|Imam of the Age]]’.<ref>Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. ''Middle Eastern Studies''. '''49''' (3): p. 435. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0026-3206.</ref> [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani|Akhund Khurasani]], Mirza Husayn Tehrani and [[Shaikh Abdallah Mazandarani|Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani]], theorized a model of religious secularity in the absence of Imam, that still prevails in Shia seminaries.<ref>Ghobadzadeh, Naser (17 October 2013). “[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0191453713507014 Religious secularity: : A vision for revisionist political Islam]''”''. ''Philosophy & Social Criticism''. '''39''' (10): p. 1009. DOI:10.1177/0191453713507014. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0191-4537.</ref> |
In 1891, he became a Marja', and by the demise of [[Mirza Shirazi]] in 1895 he was listed among great jurists, and many people from Tehran followed him.<ref name=":0">Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. ''Middle Eastern Studies''. '''49''' (3): p. 440. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0026-3206.</ref> When the parliament came under attack from imperial court's cleric, [[Sheikh Fazlollah Noori|Shaykh Fazlullah Nuri]], Tehrani alongside other jurists of Najaf sided with democracy and acted as a legitimizing force.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bayat|first=Mangol|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/irans-first-revolution-9780195068221?cc=us&lang=en&|title=Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909|date=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-19-506822-1|series=Studies in Middle Eastern History|location=Oxford, New York|pages=181}}</ref> They invoked the Quranic command of ‘[[enjoining good and forbidding wrong]]’ to justify democracy in the period of [[Occultation (Islam)|occultation]], and linked opposition to the constitutional movement to ‘a war against the [[Mahdi|Imam of the Age]]’.<ref>Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. ''Middle Eastern Studies''. '''49''' (3): p. 435. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0026-3206.</ref> [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani|Akhund Khurasani]], Mirza Husayn Tehrani and [[Shaikh Abdallah Mazandarani|Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani]], theorized a model of religious secularity in the absence of Imam, that still prevails in Shia seminaries.<ref>Ghobadzadeh, Naser (17 October 2013). “[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0191453713507014 Religious secularity: : A vision for revisionist political Islam]''”''. ''Philosophy & Social Criticism''. '''39''' (10): p. 1009. DOI:10.1177/0191453713507014. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0191-4537.</ref> |
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The period from the destruction of the first parliament under the orders of Mohammad Ali shah |
The period from the destruction of the first parliament under the orders of Mohammad Ali shah on June 23, 1908, to the Shah's deposition on July 16, 1909, is called as the Lesser Despotism in the history of modern Iran. The shah repeatedly delayed the elections under the guise of fighting sedition and defending Islam. Mohammad Ali shah wrote letters to the sources of emulation in Najaf, seeking their support against the perceived conspiracies of Babis and other heretics. However, Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Tehrani and Mirza Abdullah Mazandarani responded by affirming the religious legitimacy of democracy and advised the shah to work within the constitutional framework in improving the conditions of society and defending the country against colonial influence.<ref>Bayat, Mangol (1991). ''Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909''. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 232. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506822-1|<bdi>978-0-19-506822-1</bdi>]].</ref> |
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== Death == |
== Death == |
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== External |
== External links == |
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Mirza Husayn Tehrani | |
|---|---|
میرزا حسین خلیلی تهرانی | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1815 |
| Died | 1908 |
| Religion | Islam |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Region | Najaf, Iraq |
| Jurisprudence | Twelver Shia Islam |
| Muslim leader | |
| Based in | Najaf, Iraq |
| Period in office | 1891–1908 |
| Post | Grand Ayatollah |
Mirza Husayn Khalili Tehrani (Persian: میرزا حسین خلیلی تهرانی) was an Usuli Shi'a jurist and among the four sources of emulation at the time of Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He worked alongside Akhund Khurasani and Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani to support the first democratic revolution of Asia, Iran's Constitutional Revolution, and co-signed all major statements issued from the seminary of Najaf in support of democracy.[1]
Career
In 1891, he became a Marja', and by the demise of Mirza Shirazi in 1895 he was listed among great jurists, and many people from Tehran followed him.[2] When the parliament came under attack from imperial court's cleric, Shaykh Fazlullah Nuri, Tehrani alongside other jurists of Najaf sided with democracy and acted as a legitimizing force.[3] They invoked the Quranic command of ‘enjoining good and forbidding wrong’ to justify democracy in the period of occultation, and linked opposition to the constitutional movement to ‘a war against the Imam of the Age’.[4] Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Husayn Tehrani and Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani, theorized a model of religious secularity in the absence of Imam, that still prevails in Shia seminaries.[5]
The period from the destruction of the first parliament under the orders of Mohammad Ali shah on June 23, 1908, to the Shah's deposition on July 16, 1909, is called as the Lesser Despotism in the history of modern Iran. The shah repeatedly delayed the elections under the guise of fighting sedition and defending Islam. Mohammad Ali shah wrote letters to the sources of emulation in Najaf, seeking their support against the perceived conspiracies of Babis and other heretics. However, Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Tehrani and Mirza Abdullah Mazandarani responded by affirming the religious legitimacy of democracy and advised the shah to work within the constitutional framework in improving the conditions of society and defending the country against colonial influence.[6]
Death
He died in 1908.[1]
References
- ^ a b Farzaneh, Mateo Mohammad (2015). “The Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the Clerical Leadership of Khurasani”. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8156-5311-0.
- ^ Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (3): p. 440. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. ISSN 0026-3206.
- ^ Bayat, Mangol (1991). Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-19-506822-1.
- ^ Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (3): p. 435. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. ISSN 0026-3206.
- ^ Ghobadzadeh, Naser (17 October 2013). “Religious secularity: : A vision for revisionist political Islam”. Philosophy & Social Criticism. 39 (10): p. 1009. DOI:10.1177/0191453713507014. ISSN 0191-4537.
- ^ Bayat, Mangol (1991). Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-19-506822-1.
External links
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