Editing Mole salamander
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==Limb regeneration== |
==Limb regeneration== |
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''Ambystoma mexicanum'', a [[neoteny|neotenic]] [[salamander]] with exceptional [[regeneration (biology)|regenerative capabilities]] is one of the principal models for studying limb regeneration.<ref name= |
''Ambystoma mexicanum'', a [[neoteny|neotenic]] [[salamander]] with exceptional [[regeneration (biology)|regenerative capabilities]] is one of the principal models for studying limb regeneration.<ref name = Garcia-Lepe2021>García-Lepe UO, Cruz-Ramírez A, Bermúdez-Cruz RM. DNA repair during regeneration in Ambystoma mexicanum. Dev Dyn. 2021 Jun;250(6):788-799. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.276. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID 33295131</ref> Limb regeneration involves the propagation of a mass of low differentiated and highly proliferative cells termed the [[blastema]].<ref name = Garcia-Lepe2021/><ref name = Garcia-Lepe2022>García-Lepe UO, Torres-Dimas E, Espinal-Centeno A, Cruz-Ramírez A, Bermúdez-Cruz RM. Evidence of requirement for homologous-mediated DNA repair during Ambystoma mexicanum limb regeneration. Dev Dyn. 2022 Jun;251(6):1035-1053. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.455. Epub 2022 Jan 25. PMID 35040539</ref> During limb regeneration, blastema cells experience [[DNA damage (naturally occurring)|DNA double-strand breaks]] and thus require [[homologous recombination]], a form of [[DNA repair]] that deals with double-strand breaks.<ref name = Garcia-Lepe2022/> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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|style="width:35%"|Central Mexico, west and south of the [[Valley of Mexico]] |
|style="width:35%"|Central Mexico, west and south of the [[Valley of Mexico]] |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_en.svg]] |
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|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), near [[Morelia]] |
|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), near [[Morelia]] |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Critically Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_cr.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma andersoni.jpg|150x150px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma andersoni.jpg|150x150px]] |
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|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), [[Laguna de Zacapu]] |
|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), [[Laguna de Zacapu]] |
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|Neotenic |
|Neotenic |
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|[[Critically Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_cr.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ringed Salamander (Ambystoma annulatum) (24088441718).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ringed Salamander (Ambystoma annulatum) (24088441718).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|South-central United States ([[Arkansas]], [[Illinois]], [[Missouri]], [[Oklahoma]]), [[Ozarks|Ozark Plateau]] and [[Ouachita Mountains]] |
|South-central United States ([[Arkansas]], [[Illinois]], [[Missouri]], [[Oklahoma]]), [[Ozarks|Ozark Plateau]] and [[Ouachita Mountains]] |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma barbouri 1.jpeg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma barbouri 1.jpeg|200x200px]] |
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|South-midwest United States ([[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Ohio]], [[Tennessee]], [[West Virginia]]) |
|South-midwest United States ([[Indiana]], [[Kentucky]], [[Ohio]], [[Tennessee]], [[West Virginia]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Near-threatened species|Near Threatened]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_nt.svg]] |
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|Southeast United States ([[Florida Panhandle]] and southernmost [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]), west of the [[Apalachicola River|Apalachicola]]-[[Flint River (Georgia)|Flint River]] |
|Southeast United States ([[Florida Panhandle]] and southernmost [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]), west of the [[Apalachicola River|Apalachicola]]-[[Flint River (Georgia)|Flint River]] |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_vu.svg]] |
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|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]) near [[Jilotepec de Abasolo|Jilotepec]] |
|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]) near [[Jilotepec de Abasolo|Jilotepec]] |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Data deficient|Data Deficient]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_dd.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma californiense 213170.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma californiense 213170.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|[[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] of [[California]] |
|[[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]] of [[California]] |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_vu.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma cingulatum USGS.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma cingulatum USGS.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Southeast United States (southern [[South Carolina]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] south to northern [[Florida]]) |
|Southeast United States (southern [[South Carolina]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] south to northern [[Florida]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_vu.svg]] |
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|[[File:MX. Achoque o ajolote de Pátzcuaro - Ambystoma dumerilii (3).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:MX. Achoque o ajolote de Pátzcuaro - Ambystoma dumerilii (3).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), [[Lake Pátzcuaro]] |
|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), [[Lake Pátzcuaro]] |
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|Neotenic |
|Neotenic |
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|[[Critically Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_cr.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma flavipiperatum 67940860 (cropped).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma flavipiperatum 67940860 (cropped).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|West-central Mexico ([[Jalisco]]) |
|West-central Mexico ([[Jalisco]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_en.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma gracile - Nordwestlicher Querzahnmolch 183623689.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma gracile - Nordwestlicher Querzahnmolch 183623689.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Northwest North America (southernmost [[Alaska]] to northern [[California]]) |
|Northwest North America (southernmost [[Alaska]] to northern [[California]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]) near [[Toluca]] |
|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]) near [[Toluca]] |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_en.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma jeffersonianum 184652332.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma jeffersonianum 184652332.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Northeastern North America ([[Ontario]] south to [[Virginia]] and west to [[Illinois]]) |
|Northeastern North America ([[Ontario]] south to [[Virginia]] and west to [[Illinois]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Blue Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma laterale) (44133419344).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Blue Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma laterale) (44133419344).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Northeastern North America ([[Nova Scotia]] west to [[Manitoba]] and [[Minnesota]] and south to [[Indiana]] and [[New Jersey]]) |
|Northeastern North America ([[Nova Scotia]] west to [[Manitoba]] and [[Minnesota]] and south to [[Indiana]] and [[New Jersey]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Abystoma leorae.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Abystoma leorae.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico|Mexico state]] - [[Puebla]] border), [[Mount Tlaloc]] |
|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico|Mexico state]] - [[Puebla]] border), [[Mount Tlaloc]] |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Critically Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_cr.svg]] |
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|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]), [[Lake Lerma]] near [[Toluca]] |
|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]), [[Lake Lerma]] near [[Toluca]] |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_en.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma mabeei 243442264.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma mabeei 243442264.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Coastal southeast United States (southeast [[Virginia]] to [[South Carolina]]) |
|Coastal southeast United States (southeast [[Virginia]] to [[South Carolina]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma macrodactylum macrodactylum 177970468.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma macrodactylum macrodactylum 177970468.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Northwest North America ([[Alaska]] south to northern [[California]] and east to [[Alberta]] and [[Montana]]) |
|Northwest North America ([[Alaska]] south to northern [[California]] and east to [[Alberta]] and [[Montana]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) (32855631122).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) (32855631122).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Eastern North America ([[Nova Scotia]] west to [[Wisconsin]] and south to eastern [[Texas]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]) |
|Eastern North America ([[Nova Scotia]] west to [[Wisconsin]] and south to eastern [[Texas]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma mavortium1.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma mavortium1.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Western North America ([[Manitoba]] south to [[Texas]] and west to [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[California]]) |
|Western North America ([[Manitoba]] south to [[Texas]] and west to [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and [[California]]) |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ajolote 1.JPG|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ajolote 1.JPG|200x200px]] |
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|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]), [[Lake Xochimilco]] |
|Central Mexico ([[State of Mexico]]), [[Lake Xochimilco]] |
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|Neotenic |
|Neotenic |
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|[[Critically Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_cr.svg]] |
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|[[File:Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum) (15401883638).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum) (15401883638).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Eastern United States ([[New Hampshire]] south to northern [[Florida]] and east to [[Missouri]] and [[Texas]]) |
|Eastern United States ([[New Hampshire]] south to northern [[Florida]] and east to [[Missouri]] and [[Texas]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), Puerto Hondo stream |
|West-central Mexico ([[Michoacán|Michoacán state]]), Puerto Hondo stream |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_en.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma rivulare.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma rivulare.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Central Mexico (western [[State of Mexico]]) |
|Central Mexico (western [[State of Mexico]]) |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Endangered species (IUCN status)|Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_en.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma rosaceum 412366.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma rosaceum 412366.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Northwest Mexico, [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] |
|Northwest Mexico, [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|Northwest Mexico ([[Durango]] and [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]), [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] |
|Northwest Mexico ([[Durango]] and [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]), [[Sierra Madre Occidental]] |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Data deficient|Data Deficient]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_dd.svg]] |
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|[[File:Mole Salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) (39994300015).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Mole Salamander (Ambystoma talpoideum) (39994300015).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Southeast United States ([[Virginia]] west to [[Oklahoma]] and south to northern [[Florida]]) |
|Southeast United States ([[Virginia]] west to [[Oklahoma]] and south to northern [[Florida]]) |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma taylori.jpeg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma taylori.jpeg|200x200px]] |
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|Southeast Mexico ([[Puebla]]), [[Laguna Alchichica]] |
|Southeast Mexico ([[Puebla]]), [[Laguna Alchichica]] |
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|Neotenic |
|Neotenic |
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|[[Critically Endangered]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_cr.svg]] |
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|[[File:Smallmouth Salamander (Ambystoma texanum) (46619065801).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Smallmouth Salamander (Ambystoma texanum) (46619065801).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|South-central United States ([[Ohio]] west to [[Nebraska]] and south to [[Texas]] and [[Alabama]]) |
|South-central United States ([[Ohio]] west to [[Nebraska]] and south to [[Texas]] and [[Alabama]]) |
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|Terrestrial |
|Terrestrial |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) (25522389762).jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Eastern Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) (25522389762).jpg|200x200px]] |
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|Eastern North America ([[New York (state)|New York]] northwest to [[Manitoba]] and south to [[Texas]] and northern [[Florida]]) |
|Eastern North America ([[New York (state)|New York]] northwest to [[Manitoba]] and south to [[Texas]] and northern [[Florida]]) |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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|[[File:Ambystoma velasci.jpg|200x200px]] |
|[[File:Ambystoma velasci.jpg|200x200px]] |
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|[[Mexican Plateau]] |
|[[Mexican Plateau]] |
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|Terrestrial and neotenic |
|Terrestrial and neotenic |
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|[[Least-concern species|Least Concern]] |
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|[[File:Fl_mammals_lc.svg]] |
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