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'''Molindone''', sold under the brand name '''Moban''', is an [[antipsychotic]] which is used in the [[United States]] in the treatment of [[schizophrenia]].<ref>{{cite web | title = molindone | publisher = F.A. Davis Company | url = http://www.drugguide.com/monograph_library/psychotropic_drugs/molindone.htm}}</ref><ref name="Drugs.com">{{Cite web | url=https://www.drugs.com/international/molindone.html |title = Molindone}}</ref> It works by blocking the effects of [[dopamine]] in the brain, leading to diminished symptoms of psychosis. It is rapidly absorbed when taken orally.
'''Molindone''', sold under the brand name '''Moban''', is an [[antipsychotic]] which is used in the [[United States]] in the treatment of [[schizophrenia]].<ref>{{cite web | title = molindone | publisher = F.A. Davis Company | url = http://www.drugguide.com/monograph_library/psychotropic_drugs/molindone.htm}}</ref><ref name="Drugs.com">{{Cite web | url=https://www.drugs.com/international/molindone.html |title = Molindone}}</ref> It works by blocking the effects of [[dopamine]] in the brain, leading to diminished symptoms of psychosis. It is rapidly absorbed when taken orally.


It is sometimes described as a [[typical antipsychotic]],<ref name="pmid19028375">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aparasu RR, Jano E, Johnson ML, Chen H |title=Hospitalization risk associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic use in community-dwelling elderly patients |journal=Am J Geriatr Pharmacother |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=198–204 |date=October 2008 |pmid=19028375 |doi=10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.10.003 }}</ref> and sometimes described as an [[atypical antipsychotic]].<ref name="pmid17253473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bagnall A, Fenton M, Kleijnen J, Lewis R |title=Molindone for schizophrenia and severe mental illness |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD002083 |year=2007 |pmid=17253473 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002083.pub2 |editor1-last=Bagnall |editor1-first=Anne-Marie}}</ref>
It is sometimes described as a [[typical antipsychotic]],<ref name="pmid19028375">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aparasu RR, Jano E, Johnson ML, Chen H |title=Hospitalization risk associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic use in community-dwelling elderly patients |journal=Am J Geriatr Pharmacother |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=198–204 |date=October 2008 |pmid=19028375 |doi=10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.10.003 }}</ref> and sometimes described as an [[atypical antipsychotic]].<ref name="pmid17253473">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bagnall A, Fenton M, Kleijnen J, Lewis R |title=Molindone for schizophrenia and severe mental illness |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |issue=1 |pages=CD002083 |year=2007 |pmid=17253473 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002083.pub2 |veditors = Bagnall AM }}</ref>


Molindone was discontinued by its original supplier, Endo Pharmaceuticals, on January 13, 2010.<ref name="FDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/ucm050794.htm |title=Drugs to be Discontinued |website=www.fda.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603081808/http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/ucm050794.htm |archive-date=2009-06-03}} </ref>
Molindone was discontinued by its original supplier, Endo Pharmaceuticals, on January 13, 2010.<ref name="FDA">{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/ucm050794.htm |title=Drugs to be Discontinued |website=www.fda.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603081808/http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/DrugShortages/ucm050794.htm |archive-date=2009-06-03}} </ref>
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{{Main|Typical antipsychotic}}
{{Main|Typical antipsychotic}}


The side effect profile of molindone is similar to that of other typical antipsychotics. Unlike most antipsychotics, however, molindone use is associated with weight loss.<ref name="pmid17253473"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=Allison DB |title=Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis |journal=[[American Journal of Psychiatry|Am J Psychiatry]] |volume=156 |issue=11 |pages=1686–96 |year=1999 |pmid=10553730 |doi= 10.1176/ajp.156.11.1686|name-list-style=vanc|author2=Mentore JL |author3=Heo M |display-authors=3 |last4=Chandler |first4=LP |last5=Cappelleri |first5=JC |last6=Infante |first6=MC |last7=Weiden |first7=PJ|url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/ajp.156.11.1686}}</ref>
The side effect profile of molindone is similar to that of other typical antipsychotics. Unlike most antipsychotics, however, molindone use is associated with weight loss.<ref name="pmid17253473"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, Chandler LP, Cappelleri JC, Infante MC, Weiden PJ | title = Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 156 | issue = 11 | pages = 1686–1696 | date = November 1999 | pmid = 10553730 | doi = 10.1176/ajp.156.11.1686 }}</ref>


==Chemistry==
==Chemistry==

Revision as of 14:00, 14 November 2023

Molindone
Clinical data
Pronunciation⫽moʊˈlɪndoʊn⫽ moh-LIN-dohn
Trade namesMoban
AHFS/Drugs.comConsumer Drug Information
MedlinePlusa682238
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets)
Drug classTypical antipsychotic
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life1.5 hours
ExcretionMinor, renal and fecal
Identifiers
  • 3-Ethyl-2-methyl-5-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-
    1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-indol-4-one
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.254.109 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H24N2O2
Molar mass276.380 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C2c1c(c([nH]c1CCC2CN3CCOCC3)C)CC
  • InChI=1S/C16H24N2O2/c1-3-13-11(2)17-14-5-4-12(16(19)15(13)14)10-18-6-8-20-9-7-18/h12,17H,3-10H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:KLPWJLBORRMFGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Molindone, sold under the brand name Moban, is an antipsychotic which is used in the United States in the treatment of schizophrenia.[1][2] It works by blocking the effects of dopamine in the brain, leading to diminished symptoms of psychosis. It is rapidly absorbed when taken orally.

It is sometimes described as a typical antipsychotic,[3] and sometimes described as an atypical antipsychotic.[4]

Molindone was discontinued by its original supplier, Endo Pharmaceuticals, on January 13, 2010.[5]

Availability and Marketing in the USA

After having been produced and subsequently discontinued by Core Pharma in 2015–2017, molindone is available again from Epic Pharma effective December, 2018.[6]

Adverse effects

Main article: Typical antipsychotic

The side effect profile of molindone is similar to that of other typical antipsychotics. Unlike most antipsychotics, however, molindone use is associated with weight loss.[4][7]

Chemistry

Synthesis

Molindone synthesis: SCHOEN KARL, J PACHTER IRWIN; BE 670798  (1965 to Endo Lab).

Condensation of oximinoketone 2 (from nitrosation of 3-pentanone), with cyclohexane-1,3-dione (1) in the presence of zinc and acetic acid leads directly to the partly reduced indole derivative 6. The transformation may be rationalized by assuming as the first step, reduction of 2 to the corresponding α-aminoketone. Conjugate addition of the amine to 1 followed by elimination of hydroxide (as water) would give ene-aminoketone 3. This enamine may be assumed to be in tautomeric equilibrium with imine 4. Aldol condensation of the side chain carbonyl group with the doubly activated ring methylene group would then result in cyclization to pyrrole 5; simple tautomeric transformation would then give the observed product. Mannich reaction of 6 with formaldehyde and morpholine gives the tranquilizer molindone (7).

See also

References

  1. ^ "molindone". F.A. Davis Company.
  2. ^ "Molindone".
  3. ^ Aparasu RR, Jano E, Johnson ML, Chen H (October 2008). "Hospitalization risk associated with typical and atypical antipsychotic use in community-dwelling elderly patients". Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 6 (4): 198–204. doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2008.10.003. PMID 19028375.
  4. ^ a b Bagnall A, Fenton M, Kleijnen J, Lewis R (2007). Bagnall AM (ed.). "Molindone for schizophrenia and severe mental illness". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002083. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002083.pub2. PMID 17253473.
  5. ^ "Drugs to be Discontinued". www.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2009-06-03.
  6. ^ "NEWS". www.epic-pharma.com. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
  7. ^ Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, Chandler LP, Cappelleri JC, Infante MC, Weiden PJ (November 1999). "Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 156 (11): 1686–1696. doi:10.1176/ajp.156.11.1686. PMID 10553730.
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