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{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox sports league
{{Infobox sports league
| title = NFL playoffs
| title = NFL playoffs
| current_season = 2023–24 NFL playoffs
| current_season = 2023–24 NFL playoffs
| logo = NFL playoffs logo new.svg
| logo = NFL playoffs logo new.svg
| pixels = 200
| pixels = 200
| sport = American football
| sport = American football
| founded = 1933
| founded = 1933
| teams = 14
| teams = 14
| champion = [[Kansas City Chiefs]]<br />(3rd title)
| champion = [[Kansas City Chiefs]]<br />(4th title)
| most_champs = [[Green Bay Packers]]<br />(13 titles){{refn|Green Bay Packers have a total of 13 NFL championships<ref name="NFL Champions">{{cite web|title=NFL Champions 1920–2018|url=https://www.profootballhof.com/nfl-champions/|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=ProFootballHOF.com|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref>
| most_champs = [[Green Bay Packers]]<br />(13 titles){{refn|Green Bay Packers have a total of 13 NFL championships:<ref name="NFL Champions">{{cite web|title=NFL Champions 1920–2018|url=https://www.profootballhof.com/nfl-champions/|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=ProFootballHOF.com|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref>
<br />Pre-Playoffs Era (1920-1932): 3
<br />Pre-Playoffs Era (1920-1932): 3
<br />Playoffs pre-Super Bowl Era (1933-1965): 6
<br />Playoffs pre-Super Bowl Era (1933-1965): 6
<br />Super Bowl Era (1966-present): 4|group=upper-alpha}}:
<br />Super Bowl Era (1966-present): 4|group=upper-alpha}}
| TV = {{unbulleted list
| TV = {{unbulleted list
| '''United States:'''
| '''United States:'''
| [[NFL on CBS|CBS]]
| ''Broadcast''
| [[NFL on Fox|Fox]]
| [[NFL on CBS|CBS]]<br />[[NFL on Fox|Fox]]<br />[[NBC Sunday Night Football|NBC]]<br />[[NFL on ABC|ABC]]/[[Monday Night Football|ESPN]]/[[Manningcast|ESPN2]]<br />[[NFL Network]]<br />[[NBC Sunday Night Football|Telemundo/Universo]] (Spanish audio/broadcast)<br/ >[[Monday Night Football|ESPN Deportes]] (Spanish audio/broadcast) <br />[[Fox Deportes]] (Spanish audio/broadcast)
| [[NBC Sunday Night Football|NBC]]
| ''Live streaming''
| [[NBC Sunday Night Football|Peacock]]<br />[[Monday Night Football|ESPN+]]<br />[[NFL on Prime Video|Amazon Prime Video]]<br />[[NFL+]]<br />[[NFL Sunday Ticket]]
| [[NFL on ABC|ABC]]/[[Monday Night Football|ESPN]]/[[Manningcast|ESPN2]]
| '''U.S. Spanish audio broadcasts:'''
| '''International:''' [[List of current National Football League broadcasters#International broadcasters|Broadcasters]]
| [[NBC Sunday Night Football|Telemundo/Universo]]
| website =
| [[Monday Night Football|ESPN Deportes]]
| [[Fox Deportes]]
| '''International:'''
| ''[[List of current National Football League broadcasters#International broadcasters|See list]]''
}}
}}
| streaming = {{unbulleted list
|'''United States:'''
| [[Paramount+]]
| [[Peacock (streaming service)|Peacock]]
| [[ESPN+]]
| [[NFL on Prime Video|Amazon]]
| '''International:'''
| [[DAZN]]
}}
}}
| website =
The '''National Football League''' ('''NFL''') '''playoffs''' are the games that make up the [[single-elimination tournament]] held after the [[NFL regular season|regular season]] to determine the [[National Football League|league]] champion. Currently, seven teams from each of the league's two conferences qualify for the [[playoffs]]. A tie-breaking procedure exists if required. The tournament culminates in the [[Super Bowl]]: the league's championship game in which two teams, one from each conference, play each other to become champion of the NFL.
}}
The '''National Football League''' ('''NFL''') '''playoffs''' is the [[single-elimination tournament]] to determine the annual league champion. The four-round tournament is held after the league's regular season. Since the [[2020 NFL season|2020 season]], seven teams from each of the league's two conferences qualify for the [[playoffs]] based on regular season winning percentage, with a tie-breaking procedure if required. The top team in each conference receives a first-round [[Bye (sports)|bye]], automatically advancing to the next round. The tournament culminates in the [[Super Bowl]], the league's championship game, competed between teams from each conference.


NFL postseason history can be traced to the first [[History of the National Football League championship|NFL Championship Game]] in [[1933 NFL Championship Game|1933]], though in the early years, qualification for the game was based solely on regular-season records. From 1933 to 1966, the NFL postseason generally only consisted of the NFL Championship Game, which pitted the league's two division winners against each other (pending any [[one-game playoff]] matches that needed to be held to break ties in the division standings). In {{nfly|1967}}, the [[1967–68 NFL playoffs|playoffs]] were expanded to four teams (division winners). When the league completed its [[AFL–NFL merger|merger]] with the [[American Football League]] (AFL) in {{nfly|1970}}, the [[1970–71 NFL playoffs|playoffs]] were expanded to eight teams, which increased to ten in [[1978–79 NFL playoffs|1978]], twelve in [[1990–91 NFL playoffs|1990]], and fourteen in [[2020–21 NFL playoffs|2020]].
NFL postseason history can be traced to the first [[History of the National Football League championship|NFL Championship Game]] in [[1933 NFL Championship Game|1933]], though in the early years, qualification for the game was based solely on regular-season records. From 1933 to 1966, the NFL postseason generally only consisted of the NFL Championship Game, which pitted the league's two division winners against each other (pending any [[one-game playoff]] matches that needed to be held to break ties in the division standings). In {{nfly|1967}}, the [[1967–68 NFL playoffs|playoffs]] were expanded to four teams (division winners). When the league completed its [[AFL–NFL merger|merger]] with the [[American Football League]] (AFL) in {{nfly|1970}}, the [[1970–71 NFL playoffs|playoffs]] were expanded to eight teams, which increased to ten in [[1978–79 NFL playoffs|1978]], twelve in [[1990–91 NFL playoffs|1990]], and fourteen in [[2020–21 NFL playoffs|2020]].


Among the [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|four major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the NFL postseason is the only one to use a single-elimination tournament in all of its rounds. [[Major League Baseball postseason|Major League Baseball]] (MLB) has traditionally used [[Playoff format#Best-of formats|"best-of" series formats]], though its [[Major League Baseball Wild Card Game|Wild Card]] postseason round, initiated in 2012, was a single game until 2022, when it was replaced with a best-of-three series. Both the [[NBA playoffs|National Basketball Association]] (NBA) and the [[Stanley Cup playoffs|National Hockey League]] (NHL) continue to use "best-of" series formats.
Among the [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|four major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the NFL postseason is the only one to use a single-elimination tournament in all of its rounds. [[Major League Baseball postseason|Major League Baseball]] (MLB) has traditionally used [[Playoff format#Best-of formats|"best-of" series formats]], though its [[Major League Baseball Wild Card Game|Wild Card]] postseason round, initiated in 2012, was a single game until 2022 when it was replaced with a best-of-three series. Both the [[NBA playoffs|National Basketball Association]] (NBA) and the [[Stanley Cup playoffs|National Hockey League]] (NHL) continue to use "best-of" series formats.


==Current playoff system==
==Current playoff system==
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumb right">
{| align="right" class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
{| align="right" class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+ Schedule for the NFL playoffs
|+ Schedule for the NFL playoffs
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The names of the first two playoff rounds date back to the postseason format that was first used in 1978, when the league added a second wild-card team to each conference. The first round of the playoffs is dubbed the '''wild-card round''', '''wild-card weekend''', or, since 2021, '''super wild-card weekend'''. In this round, the second-seeded division winner hosts the seventh-seeded wild card team, the third hosts the sixth, and the fourth hosts the fifth. There are no restrictions regarding teams from the same division matching up in any round. The team with the best overall record from each conference receives a [[bye (sports)|first round bye]], automatically advancing them to the second round, dubbed the '''divisional round''', and hosts the lowest-remaining seed from the wild-card round. Meanwhile, the other two winners from that round play each other with the higher seeds hosting.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/playoffrace |title=NFL Football Playoff Bracket |publisher=CBS Sportsline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523171811/http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/playoffrace |archive-date=May 23, 2007 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 21, 2007}}</ref> The two surviving teams from each conferences' divisional-round playoff games then meet in the respective [[AFC Championship Game|AFC]] and [[NFC Championship Game|NFC]] '''Conference Championship''' games, hosted by the higher-seeded team. The winners of those contests go on to face one another in the [[Super Bowl]] which is played at a predetermined site.
The names of the first two playoff rounds date back to the postseason format that was first used in 1978, when the league added a second wild-card team to each conference. The first round of the playoffs is dubbed the '''wild-card round''', '''wild-card weekend''', or, since 2021, '''super wild-card weekend'''. In this round, the second-seeded division winner hosts the seventh-seeded wild card team, the third hosts the sixth, and the fourth hosts the fifth. There are no restrictions regarding teams from the same division matching up in any round. The team with the best overall record from each conference receives a [[bye (sports)|first round bye]], automatically advancing them to the second round, dubbed the '''divisional round''', and hosts the lowest-remaining seed from the wild-card round. Meanwhile, the other two winners from that round play each other with the higher seeds hosting.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/playoffrace |title=NFL Football Playoff Bracket |publisher=CBS Sportsline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523171811/http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/playoffrace |archive-date=May 23, 2007 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 21, 2007}}</ref> The two surviving teams from each conferences' divisional-round playoff games then meet in the respective [[AFC Championship Game|AFC]] and [[NFC Championship Game|NFC]] '''Conference Championship''' games, hosted by the higher-seeded team. The winners of those contests go on to face one another in the [[Super Bowl]] which is played at a predetermined site.


The [[New York Giants]] and [[New York Jets]] have shared the same home stadium since 1984 ([[Giants Stadium]] from 1984 to 2009, and [[MetLife Stadium]] since 2010). Thus, if both teams need to host playoff games on the same weekend, they are required to play on separate days, even during the Conference Championship round when both games are normally scheduled on the same day. The only time such a scheduling conflict occurred was during Wild Card weekend in 1985, when only 10 teams qualified for the postseason and there were only two wild-card games. Instead of playing both Wild Card games on the same day, as was the case when the 10-team system was used from 1978 to 1989, the Jets hosted their game Saturday, December 28, before the Giants hosted their game on Sunday, December 29. This same scheduling conflict could occur for the [[Los Angeles Chargers]] and [[Los Angeles Rams]], who began sharing [[SoFi Stadium]] in 2020.
The [[New York Giants]] and [[New York Jets]] have shared the same home stadium since 1984 ([[Giants Stadium]] from 1984 to 2009, and [[MetLife Stadium]] since 2010). Thus, if both teams need to host playoff games on the same weekend, they are required to play on separate days, even during the Conference Championship round when both games are normally scheduled on the same day. The only time such a scheduling conflict occurred was during Wild Card weekend in 1985 when only 10 teams qualified for the postseason and there were only two wild-card games. Instead of playing both Wild Card games on the same day, as was the case when the 10-team system was used from 1978 to 1989, the Jets hosted their game on Saturday, December 28, before the Giants hosted their game on Sunday, December 29. This same scheduling conflict could occur for the [[Los Angeles Chargers]] and [[Los Angeles Rams]], who began sharing [[SoFi Stadium]] in 2020.


{{14TeamBracket-NFL | colored=y
{{14TeamBracket-NFL | colored=y
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==Breaking ties==
==Breaking ties==
Often, teams will finish a season with identical records. It becomes necessary, therefore, to devise means to [[Tiebreaker|break these ties]], either to determine which teams will qualify for the playoffs, or to determine seeding in the playoff tournament. The rules below are applied in order until the tie is broken. Ties within divisions are always broken first so as to eliminate all but the highest ranked club in each division before breaking ties between teams in different divisions, however, it should be emphasized that other than for division winners, divisional ranking is ''not'' in itself a tiebreaker – for example, if a division runner-up ties with teams finishing third and fourth in another division, the runner-up's record will be compared to the team awarded third place in the other division without regard to the teams' divisional finish.
Often, teams will finish a season with identical records. It becomes necessary, therefore, to devise means to [[Tiebreaker|break these ties]], either to determine which teams will qualify for the playoffs or to determine seeding in the playoff tournament. The rules below are applied in order until the tie is broken. Ties within divisions are always broken first to eliminate all but the highest-ranked club in each division before breaking ties between teams in different divisions, however, it should be emphasized that other than for division winners, divisional ranking is ''not'' in itself a tiebreaker – for example, if a division runner-up ties with teams finishing third and fourth in another division, the runner-up's record will be compared to the team awarded third place in the other division without regard to the teams' divisional finish.


If three or four teams in one division are tied for the division title and/or division runner-up, and also if after breaking ties within divisions three or four teams in different divisions are tied, then should the one or two team(s) be qualified or eliminated at any step the tiebreaker reverts to step one for the remaining two or three teams. If multiple playoff spots are at stake, the rules are applied in order until the first team(s) qualify(ies) or is eliminated, then the process is started again for the remaining teams. Finally, once ties are broken between three or more teams qualifying for the playoffs, the relative positions of the seeds determined will not change regardless of wild card and divisional round results – for example, if division winners were to tie for the second, third and fourth seeds in a conference and the third and fourth seeds subsequently advanced to the conference championship game, the team that was originally awarded the third seed would host that game even if it lost a head-to-head tiebreaker against the fourth seed.
If three or four teams in one division are tied for the division title and/or division runner-up, and also if after breaking ties within divisions three or four teams in different divisions are tied, then should the one or two team(s) be qualified or eliminated at any step the tiebreaker reverts to step one for the remaining two or three teams. If multiple playoff spots are at stake, the rules are applied in order until the first team(s) qualify(ies) or are eliminated, then the process is started again for the remaining teams. Finally, once ties are broken between three or more teams qualifying for the playoffs, the relative positions of the seeds determined will not change regardless of wild card and divisional round results – for example, if division winners were to tie for the second, third and fourth seeds in a conference and the third and fourth seeds subsequently advanced to the conference championship game, the team that was originally awarded the third seed would host that game even if it lost a head-to-head tiebreaker against the fourth seed.


The tie-breaking rules have changed over the years, with the most recent changes being made in 2002 to accommodate the league's realignment into eight four-team divisions; record vs. common opponents and most of the other criteria involving wins and losses were moved up higher in the tie-breaking list, while those involving compiled stats such as points for and against were moved to the bottom.<ref name=yahoo/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/3222236/NFL-Tiebreaking-Procedures | title=FoxSports.com – NFL Tiebreaking Procedures | date=December 9, 2006 | access-date=December 25, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230060111/http://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/3222236/NFL-Tiebreaking-Procedures | archive-date=December 30, 2008}}</ref>
The tie-breaking rules have changed over the years, with the most recent changes being made in 2002 to accommodate the league's realignment into eight four-team divisions; record vs. common opponents and most of the other criteria involving wins and losses were moved up higher in the tie-breaking list, while those involving compiled stats such as points for and against were moved to the bottom.<ref name=yahoo/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/3222236/NFL-Tiebreaking-Procedures | title=FoxSports.com – NFL Tiebreaking Procedures | date=December 9, 2006 | access-date=December 25, 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230060111/http://msn.foxsports.com/nfl/story/3222236/NFL-Tiebreaking-Procedures | archive-date=December 30, 2008}}</ref>
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# Best net touchdowns in all games.
# Best net touchdowns in all games.
| width="50%" |
| width="50%" |
# Apply division tie breaker to eliminate all but the highest ranked club in each division prior to proceeding to step 2.
# Apply division tiebreaker to eliminate all but the highest-ranked club in each division before proceeding to step 2.
# Head-to-head, if applicable. (For ties among three or more teams, this step is only applied if there is a head-to-head sweep; i.e., if one club has defeated each of the others or if one club has lost to each of the others.)
# Head-to-head, if applicable. (For ties among three or more teams, this step is only applied if there is a head-to-head sweep; i.e., if one club has defeated each of the others or if one club has lost to each of the others.)
# Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
# Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
# Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, minimum of four.
# Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, a minimum of four.
# Strength of victory (record of all the teams they defeated that season).
# Strength of victory (record of all the teams they defeated that season).
# Strength of schedule (record of all the teams they played that season).
# Strength of schedule (record of all the teams they played that season).
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{{see also|Overtime (sports)}}
{{see also|Overtime (sports)}}


The NFL introduced overtime for any divisional tiebreaker games beginning in {{nfly|1940}}, and for championship games beginning in {{nfly|1946}}. The first postseason game to be played under these rules was the [[1958 NFL Championship Game]] between the [[1958 Baltimore Colts season|Baltimore Colts]] and [[1958 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] (the so-called "Greatest Game Ever Played"), decided by a one-yard touchdown run by Colts fullback [[Alan Ameche]] after eight minutes and fifteen seconds of extra time.<ref name=mscwiot>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nnxRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WxAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7348%2C4206836 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |agency=Associated Press |title=Colts win 23-17 in overtime |date=December 29, 1958 |page=4, part 2}}</ref><ref name=everplyd>{{cite news |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1959/01/05/668467/the-best-football-game-ever-played |magazine=Sports Illustrated |last=Maule |first=Tex |author-link=Tex Maule |title=The best football game ever played |date=January 5, 1959 |page=8}}</ref> Overtime under the original format was [[Sudden death (sport)|sudden death]], the first team to score would be declared the winner.
The NFL introduced overtime for any divisional tiebreaker games beginning in {{nfly|1940}} and for championship games beginning in {{nfly|1946}}. The first postseason game to be played under these rules was the [[1958 NFL Championship Game]] between the [[1958 Baltimore Colts season|Baltimore Colts]] and [[1958 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] (the so-called "Greatest Game Ever Played"), decided by a one-yard touchdown run by Colts fullback [[Alan Ameche]] after eight minutes and fifteen seconds of extra time.<ref name=mscwiot>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nnxRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WxAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7348%2C4206836 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |agency=Associated Press |title=Colts win 23-17 in overtime |date=December 29, 1958 |page=4, part 2}}</ref><ref name=everplyd>{{cite news |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1959/01/05/668467/the-best-football-game-ever-played |magazine=Sports Illustrated |last=Maule |first=Tex |author-link=Tex Maule |title=The best football game ever played |date=January 5, 1959 |page=8}}</ref> Overtime under the original format was [[Sudden death (sport)|sudden death]], the first team to score would be declared the winner.


In March {{nfly|2010}}, the NFL amended its rules for postseason overtime,<ref name="2010 change">{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=5022064|title=Rules proposal passes on 28-4 vote|website=ESPN.com|date=March 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327044416/http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=5022064|archive-date=March 27, 2010}}</ref> with the rule being extended into the regular season in March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1122716-nfl-introduces-new-regular-season-overtime-rule-changes-in-2012|title=NFL Introduces New Regular Season Overtime Rule Changes in 2012|website=Bleacherreport.com|date=March 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125030939/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1122716-nfl-introduces-new-regular-season-overtime-rule-changes-in-2012|archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> If a team scores a touchdown, or if the defense scores a safety on the (other team's) first possession, it is declared the winner. If it scores a field goal on its first possession, however, it then kicks off to the opposing team, which has an opportunity to score; if the score is tied again after that possession, true sudden death rules apply and whoever scores next will win. True sudden death rules would continue from double overtime hereafter.<ref name="2010 change"/>
In March {{nfly|2010}}, the NFL amended its rules for postseason overtime,<ref name="2010 change">{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=5022064|title=Rules proposal passes on 28-4 vote|website=ESPN.com|date=March 23, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327044416/http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=5022064|archive-date=March 27, 2010}}</ref> with the rule being extended into the regular season in March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1122716-nfl-introduces-new-regular-season-overtime-rule-changes-in-2012|title=NFL Introduces New Regular Season Overtime Rule Changes in 2012|website=Bleacherreport.com|date=March 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125030939/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1122716-nfl-introduces-new-regular-season-overtime-rule-changes-in-2012|archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref> If a team scores a touchdown, or if the defense scores a safety on the (other team's) first possession, it is declared the winner. If it scores a field goal on its first possession, however, it then kicks off to the opposing team, which has an opportunity to score; if the score is tied again after that possession, true sudden death rules apply and whoever scores next will win. True sudden death rules would continue from double overtime hereafter.<ref name="2010 change"/>


The league further amended its postseason overtime rules in March {{nfly|2022}}, allowing both teams to have at least one possession even if the first team with possession scores a touchdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/33622482/teams-assured-possession-playoff-rules-change|title=Both teams assured of a possession in playoff overtime with rules change approved by NFL owners|website=ESPN.com|date=March 29, 2022}}</ref>
The league further amended its postseason overtime rules in March {{nfly|2022}}, allowing both teams to have at least one possession even if the first team with possession scores a touchdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/33622482/teams-assured-possession-playoff-rules-change|title=Both teams assured of possession in playoff overtime with rules change approved by NFL owners|website=ESPN.com|date=March 29, 2022}}</ref>


===Multiple overtimes===
===Multiple overtimes===
Since postseason games cannot end in a tie, unlike the preseason or regular season, additional overtime periods are played as necessary until a winner is determined. Furthermore, all clock rules apply as if a game had started over. Therefore, if the first overtime period ends with the score still tied, the teams switch ends of the field prior to the second overtime. If a game was still tied with two minutes to go in the second overtime, there would be a two-minute warning (but not during the first overtime period as in the regular season). If it were still tied at the end of the second overtime, the team that received the first overtime kickoff would kick off to start a third overtime period, although unlike in the first overtime period true sudden death rules would continue from the start of any third and subsequent overtime period.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2011_Rule_Book.pdf |title=2011 Official Rules and Case Book of the National Football League |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215121953/http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2011_Rule_Book.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |url-status=dead }} Rule 16, Section 1, Article 4, Paragraph d.</ref> Although a contest could theoretically last indefinitely, or last multiple overtime periods like [[Overtime (ice hockey)#List of notable overtime games|several National Hockey League postseason games]], no NFL playoff game has ever gone past two overtime periods. The longest NFL overtime game played to date is 82 minutes, 40 seconds: [[1971 Miami Dolphins season|Miami Dolphins]] kicker [[Garo Yepremian]] made the walk-off 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of the second overtime to defeat the [[1971 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]], 27–24, in an [[1971–72 NFL playoffs|AFC playoff]] game on December 25, 1971.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/don_banks/12/22/longest.game.ever/index.html?sct=nfl_t13_a2 | title=Remembering the Christmas gift that was The Longest Game Ever | first=Don | last=Banks | work=SI.com | date=December 22, 2011 | access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name=fglgdw>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s8leAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eDIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5146%2C6663338 |work=Lewiston Morning Tribune |location=(Idaho) |agency=Associated Press |title=Field goal gives Miami overtime win |date=December 26, 1971 |page=19}}</ref><ref name=upupup>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1972/01/03/576281/up-up-up-and-away |magazine=Sports Illustrated |last=Underwood |first=John |title=Up, up up and away! |date=January 3, 1972 |page=12}}</ref>
Since postseason games cannot end in a tie, unlike the preseason or regular season, additional overtime periods are played as necessary until a winner is determined. Furthermore, all clock rules apply as if a game had started over. Therefore, if the first overtime period ends with the score still tied, the teams switch ends of the field before the second overtime. With two minutes to go in the second overtime, there would be a two-minute warning (but not during the first overtime period as in the regular season). If it were still tied at the end of the second overtime, the team that lost (or deferred) the coin toss before the first overtime would have the option to kick off, receive, or choose a side of the field to defend. However, unlike in the first overtime period, true sudden death rules would continue from the start of any third and subsequent overtime period. If a game reached a fifth overtime, another coin toss would be held and timing rules would be as if another new game started.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2011_Rule_Book.pdf |title=2011 Official Rules and Case Book of the National Football League |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215121953/http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/image/rulebook/pdfs/2011_Rule_Book.pdf |archive-date=December 15, 2011 |url-status=dead }} Rule 16, Section 1, Article 4, Paragraph d.</ref> Although a contest could theoretically last indefinitely, or last several overtime periods like [[Overtime (ice hockey)#List of notable overtime games|several National Hockey League postseason games]], no NFL playoff game has ever gone past two overtime periods. The longest NFL overtime game played to date is 82 minutes, 40 seconds: [[1971 Miami Dolphins season|Miami Dolphins]] kicker [[Garo Yepremian]] made the walk-off 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of the second overtime to defeat the [[1971 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]], 27–24, in an [[1971–72 NFL playoffs|AFC playoff]] game on December 25, 1971.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/don_banks/12/22/longest.game.ever/index.html?sct=nfl_t13_a2 | title=Remembering the Christmas gift that was The Longest Game Ever | first=Don | last=Banks | work=SI.com | date=December 22, 2011 | access-date=January 6, 2012}}</ref><ref name=fglgdw>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s8leAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eDIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5146%2C6663338 |work=Lewiston Morning Tribune |location=(Idaho) |agency=Associated Press |title=Field goal gives Miami overtime win |date=December 26, 1971 |page=19}}</ref><ref name=upupup>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/vault/1972/01/03/576281/up-up-up-and-away |magazine=Sports Illustrated |last=Underwood |first=John |title=Up, up up and away! |date=January 3, 1972 |page=12}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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==Playoff and championship history==
==Playoff and championship history==
{{further information|National Football League championships}}
{{further information|National Football League championships}}
{{for|playoff games of the American Football League prior to the AFL–NFL merger|AFL playoffs}}
{{for|playoff games of the American Football League before the AFL–NFL merger|AFL playoffs}}


The NFL's method for determining its champions has changed over the years.
The NFL's method for determining its champions has changed over the years.


===Early years===
===Early years===
From the league's founding in 1920 until 1932, there was no scheduled championship game. From 1920 to 1923, the championship was awarded to a team by a vote of team owners at the annual owners' meeting. From 1924 to 1932, the team having the best winning percentage was awarded the championship (the ''de facto'' standard owners had been using anyway). As each team played a different number of games, simply counting wins and losses would have been insufficient. Additionally, tie games were not counted in the standings in figuring winning percentage (under modern rules, ties count as ½ win and ½ loss). There was a head-to-head tiebreaker, which also was weighted toward the end of the season: for two teams that played each other twice, each winning once, the team winning the second game was determined to be the champion (the criteria used to decide the [[1921 NFL Championship controversy|1921]] title).<ref name=NFLhist>{{cite web | title = NFL History | work = NFL.com | url = http://www.nfl.com/history | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref><ref name="tiesInStandings">{{cite book | title=2006 NFL Record and Fact Book | date=July 25, 2006 | isbn=1-933405-32-5 | page=[https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit/page/410 410] | url=https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit/page/410}}</ref>
From the league's founding in 1920 until 1932, there was no scheduled championship game. From 1920 to 1923, the championship was awarded to a team by a vote of team owners at the annual owners' meeting. From 1924 to 1932, the team having the best winning percentage was awarded the championship (the ''de facto'' standard owners had been using anyway). As each team played a different number of games, simply counting wins and losses would have been insufficient. Additionally, tie games were not counted in the standings in figuring winning percentage (under modern rules, ties count as ½ win and ½ loss). There was a head-to-head tiebreaker, which also was weighted toward the end of the season: for two teams that played each other twice, each winning once, the team winning the second game was determined to be the champion (the criteria used to decide the [[1921 NFL Championship controversy|1921]] title).<ref name=NFLhist>{{cite web | title = NFL History | work = NFL.com | url = http://www.nfl.com/history | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref><ref name="tiesInStandings">{{cite book | title=2006 NFL Record and Fact Book | date=July 25, 2006 | isbn=1-933405-32-5 | page=[https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit/page/410 410] | publisher=Time Home Entertainment, Incorporated | url=https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit/page/410}}</ref>


===1932 playoff game===
===1932 playoff game===
{{further information|1932 NFL Playoff Game}}
{{further information|1932 NFL Playoff Game}}
In {{nfly|1932}}, the [[1932 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] (6–1–6) and the [[1932 Portsmouth Spartans season|Portsmouth Spartans]] (6–1–4) were tied at the end of the season with identical winning percentages ({{winpct|6|1}}). Of&nbsp;note, the [[1932 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] (10–3–1) had more wins, but a lower winning percentage ({{winpct|10|3}}) as calculated under the rules of the day, which ignored ties.
In {{nfly|1932}}, the [[1932 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] (6–1–6) and the [[1932 Portsmouth Spartans season|Portsmouth Spartans]] (6–1–4) were tied at the end of the season with identical winning percentages ({{winpct|6|1}}). Of note, the [[1932 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] (10–3–1) had more wins, but a lower winning percentage ({{winpct|10|3}}) as calculated under the rules of the day, which ignored ties.


The Bears and Spartans had played to ties in both of their matchups, so the head-to-head tiebreaker did not apply. An additional game was therefore needed to determine a champion. It was agreed that the game would be played at [[Chicago]]'s [[Wrigley Field]], but severe winter weather and fear of a low turnout forced the game to be moved indoors to [[Chicago Stadium]].
The Bears and Spartans had played to ties in both of their matchups, so the head-to-head tiebreaker did not apply. An additional game was therefore needed to determine a champion. It was agreed that the game would be played at [[Chicago]]'s [[Wrigley Field]], but severe winter weather and fear of a low turnout forced the game to be moved indoors to [[Chicago Stadium]].


The game was played under modified rules on a shortened 80-yard dirt field, and the Bears won with a final score of 9–0.<ref name=NFLhist/><ref name=hick32>{{cite web | last = Hickock | first = Ralph | title = The 1932 NFL Championship Game | publisher = HickokSports.com | date = November 19, 2004 | url = http://www.hickoksports.com/history/histbit1.shtml | access-date = February 21, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021030202355/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/histbit1.shtml | archive-date = October 30, 2002}}</ref> As a result of the game, the Bears had the better winning percentage ({{winpct|7|1}}) and won the league title. The loss gave the Spartans a final winning percentage of {{winpct|6|2}}, and moved them to third place behind the Packers. While there is no consensus that this game was a real "championship" game (or even a playoff game), it generated considerable interest and led to the creation of the official [[NFL Championship Game]] in {{nfly|1933}}.<ref name=hick32/>
The game was played under modified rules on a shortened 80-yard dirt field, and the Bears won with a final score of 9–0.<ref name=NFLhist/><ref name=hick32>{{cite web | last = Hickock | first = Ralph | title = The 1932 NFL Championship Game | publisher = HickokSports.com | date = November 19, 2004 | url = http://www.hickoksports.com/history/histbit1.shtml | access-date = February 21, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20021030202355/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/histbit1.shtml | archive-date = October 30, 2002}}</ref> As a result of the game, the Bears had the better winning percentage ({{winpct|7|1}}) and won the league title. The loss gave the Spartans a final winning percentage of {{winpct|6|2}} and moved them to third place behind the Packers. While there is no consensus that this game was a real "championship" game (or even a playoff game), it generated considerable interest and led to the creation of the official [[NFL Championship Game]] in {{nfly|1933}}.<ref name=hick32/>


===Before the Super Bowl===
===Before the Super Bowl===
{{further information|List of NFL champions}}
{{further information|List of NFL champions}}
Given the interest of the impromptu "championship game", and the desire of the league to create a more equitable means of determining a champion, the league divided into two conferences beginning in {{nfly|1933}}. The first place teams in each conferences met in the NFL Championship Game after the season. There was no tie-breaker system in place; any ties in the final standings of either conference resulted in playoff games in [[1941 NFL playoffs|1941]], [[1943 NFL playoffs|1943]], [[1947 NFL playoffs|1947]], [[1950 NFL playoffs|1950]] (2), [[1952 NFL playoffs|1952]], [[1957 NFL playoffs|1957]], [[1958 NFL playoffs|1958]], and [[1965 NFL playoffs|1965]]. Since the venue and date of the championship game were often not known until the last game of the season had been played, these playoff games sometimes delayed the NFL title game by a week.
Given the interest of the impromptu "championship game", and the desire of the league to create a more equitable means of determining a champion, the league divided into two conferences beginning in {{nfly|1933}}. The first-place teams in each conference met in the NFL Championship Game after the season. There was no tie-breaker system in place; any ties in the final standings of either conference resulted in playoff games in [[1941 NFL playoffs|1941]], [[1943 NFL playoffs|1943]], [[1947 NFL playoffs|1947]], [[1950 NFL playoffs|1950]] (2), [[1952 NFL playoffs|1952]], [[1957 NFL playoffs|1957]], [[1958 NFL playoffs|1958]], and [[1965 NFL playoffs|1965]]. Since the venue and date of the championship game were often not known until the last game of the season had been played, these playoff games sometimes delayed the NFL title game by a week.


The playoff structure used from 1933 to 1966 was considered inequitable by some because of the number of times it failed to match the teams with the two best records in the championship game, as ''only'' the conference winners would qualify for playoff contention. Four times between 1950 and 1966 (in {{nfly|1951}}, {{nfly|1956}}, {{nfly|1960}}, and {{nfly|1963}}) the team with the second-best win–loss record did not qualify for the playoffs while the team with the best record in the other conference, but only the third-best in the league, advanced to the championship game.
The playoff structure used from 1933 to 1966 was considered inequitable by some because of the number of times it failed to match the teams with the two best records in the championship game, as ''only'' the conference winners would qualify for playoff contention. Four times between 1950 and 1966 (in {{nfly|1951}}, {{nfly|1956}}, {{nfly|1960}}, and {{nfly|1963}}) the team with the second-best win–loss record did not qualify for the playoffs while the team with the best record in the other conference, but only the third-best in the league, advanced to the championship game.


The AFL-NFL merger and the creation of the Super Bowl forced the NFL to adopt its first guaranteed multi-game postseason format. In {{nfly|1967}}, the NFL expanded to 16 teams and split its two conferences into two divisions of four teams each. The four division champions advanced to the [[1967–68 NFL playoffs|playoffs]]. To remain on schedule, a tie-breaker system was introduced. The first round determined the conference's champion and its representative in the [[1967 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship Game]], played the following week.<ref name=hickhist>{{cite web | last = Hickock | first = Ralph | title = NFL Playoff and Championship History | publisher = HickokSports.com | url = http://www.hickoksports.com/history/profootchampions.shtml | access-date = February 21, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125063631/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/profootchampions.shtml | archive-date = January 25, 2013}}</ref>
The AFL-NFL merger and the creation of the Super Bowl forced the NFL to adopt its first guaranteed multi-game postseason format. In {{nfly|1967}}, the NFL expanded to 16 teams and split its two conferences into two divisions of four teams each. The four division champions advanced to the [[1967–68 NFL playoffs|playoffs]]. To remain on schedule, a tie-breaker system was introduced. The first round determined the conference's champion and its representative in the [[1967 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship Game]], played the following week.<ref name=hickhist>{{cite web | last = Hickock | first = Ralph | title = NFL Playoff and Championship History | publisher = HickokSports.com | url = http://www.hickoksports.com/history/profootchampions.shtml | access-date = February 21, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130125063631/http://www.hickoksports.com/history/profootchampions.shtml | archive-date = January 25, 2013}}</ref>


During the three years (1967–69) that this playoff structure was in effect, there was one use of the tie-breaker system. In 1967, the [[1967 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] and [[1967 Baltimore Colts season|Baltimore Colts]] ended the season tied at 11–1–2 for the lead in the Coastal Division. The Colts came into the last game of the season undefeated, but were beaten by the Rams. Though the Colts shared the best win–loss record in the NFL that year, they failed to advance to the playoffs while three other teams with worse records won their divisions. This event figured into the decision in 1970 to include a [[wild card (sports)|wild-card]] team in the playoff tournament after the [[AFL–NFL merger]].
During the three years (1967–69) that this playoff structure was in effect, there was one use of the tie-breaker system. In 1967, the [[1967 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] and [[1967 Baltimore Colts season|Baltimore Colts]] ended the season tied at 11–1–2 for the lead in the Coastal Division. The Colts came into the last game of the season undefeated but were beaten by the Rams. Though the Colts shared the best win–loss record in the NFL that year, they failed to advance to the playoffs while three other teams with worse records won their divisions. This event figured into the decision in 1970 to include a [[wild card (sports)|wild-card]] team in the playoff tournament after the [[AFL–NFL merger]].


During the 1960s, a [[Third place playoff|third-place]] game was held in [[Miami]], called the [[Playoff Bowl]]. It&nbsp;was contested in early January following the {{nfly|1960}}–[[1969 NFL season|69]] seasons. Though official playoff games at the time they were played, the NFL now officially classifies these ten games (and statistics) as exhibitions, not as playoff games.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Playoff Bowl (Bert Bell Benefit Bowl) | url = http://www.mmbolding.com/BSR/The_Playoff_Bowl.htm | access-date = April 18, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070415053025/http://www.mmbolding.com/BSR/The_Playoff_Bowl.htm | archive-date = April 15, 2007}}</ref>
During the 1960s, a [[Third place playoff|third-place]] game was held in [[Miami]], called the [[Playoff Bowl]]. It&nbsp;was contested in early January following the {{nfly|1960}}–[[1969 NFL season|69]] seasons. Though official playoff games at the time they were played, the NFL now officially classifies these ten games (and statistics) as exhibitions, not as playoff games.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Playoff Bowl (Bert Bell Benefit Bowl) | url = http://www.mmbolding.com/BSR/The_Playoff_Bowl.htm | access-date = April 18, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070415053025/http://www.mmbolding.com/BSR/The_Playoff_Bowl.htm | archive-date = April 15, 2007}}</ref>
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For the [[1960 American Football League season|1960]]–[[1968 American Football League season|68]] seasons, the [[American Football League|AFL]] used the two-divisional format identical to the NFL to determine its champion. There was no tie-breaker system in place, so ties atop the Eastern Division final standings in [[1963 American Football League Championship Game|1963]] and Western Division in [[1968–69 American Football League playoffs|1968]] necessitated playoff games to determine each division's representative in the championship. In both years, the playoff winner went on the road for the AFL title game and lost.
For the [[1960 American Football League season|1960]]–[[1968 American Football League season|68]] seasons, the [[American Football League|AFL]] used the two-divisional format identical to the NFL to determine its champion. There was no tie-breaker system in place, so ties atop the Eastern Division final standings in [[1963 American Football League Championship Game|1963]] and Western Division in [[1968–69 American Football League playoffs|1968]] necessitated playoff games to determine each division's representative in the championship. In both years, the playoff winner went on the road for the AFL title game and lost.


For [[1969–70 American Football League playoffs|1969]], the final season before its merger with the NFL, the AFL added a first round whereby each division winner played the second-place team from the other division. The winners of these games met in the [[1969 American Football League Championship Game|AFL Championship Game]].<ref name=hickhist/> In the only year of this format, the AFL champion [[1969 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]] were the second-place team in the Western division and played both games on the road. They won [[Super Bowl IV]] in January and became the first division runner-up to win a [[Super Bowl]].<ref name=1969a>{{cite web | title = 1969 Standings| publisher = Pro Football Reference | url = https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1969.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref>
For [[1969–70 American Football League playoffs|1969]], the final season before its merger with the NFL, the AFL added a first-round whereby each division winner played the second-place team from the other division. The winners of these games met in the [[1969 American Football League Championship Game|AFL Championship Game]].<ref name=hickhist/> In the only year of this format, the AFL champion [[1969 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]] were the second-place team in the Western division and played both games on the road. They won [[Super Bowl IV]] in January and became the first division runner-up to win a [[Super Bowl]].<ref name=1969a>{{cite web | title = 1969 Standings| publisher = Pro Football Reference | url = https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1969.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref>


===Super Bowl and merger===
===Super Bowl and merger===
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When the leagues merged in 1970, the new NFL (with 26 teams) reorganized into two conferences of three divisions each. From the 1970 season to the 1977 season, four teams from each conference (for a total of eight teams) qualified for the playoffs each year. These four teams included the three division champions, and a fourth [[Wild card (sports)|wild-card]] team.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History of the Wild Card {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/news/2018/01/news-history-of-the-wild-card |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref>
When the leagues merged in 1970, the new NFL (with 26 teams) reorganized into two conferences of three divisions each. From the 1970 season to the 1977 season, four teams from each conference (for a total of eight teams) qualified for the playoffs each year. These four teams included the three division champions, and a fourth [[Wild card (sports)|wild-card]] team.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History of the Wild Card {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/news/2018/01/news-history-of-the-wild-card |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref>


Originally, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly rotation.<ref>{{cite web | title = Chasing perfection: 2005 Colts vs. '72 Dolphins | work = NFL.com | date = November 22, 2005 | url = http://www.nfl.com/news/story/9057708 | access-date = February 21, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060719194834/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/9057708 | archive-date = July 19, 2006 | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chasing Perfection {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/news/2015/12/chasing-perfection |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref> From 1970 to 1974, the divisional playoff round rotated which of the three division champions would have home-field advantage, with the wild-card team never having it; they and their opponents they faced in the divisional playoff game do not get home field advantage in the conference championship game. Starting in 1970, the divisional playoff games consisted of the AFC Central champions and the NFC West champions playing their games on the road. Then in 1971, it rotated to the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road. In the 1972 divisional playoff games, the AFC West champions and the NFC Central champions were the visiting teams. And 1973 it would start all over with the AFC Central and NFC West again, and again in 1974 with the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road.
Originally, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly rotation.<ref>{{cite web | title = Chasing perfection: 2005 Colts vs. '72 Dolphins | work = NFL.com | date = November 22, 2005 | url = http://www.nfl.com/news/story/9057708 | access-date = February 21, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060719194834/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/9057708 | archive-date = July 19, 2006 | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chasing Perfection {{!}} Pro Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.profootballhof.com/news/2015/12/chasing-perfection |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=pfhof |language=en}}</ref> From 1970 to 1974, the divisional playoff round rotated which of the three division champions would have home-field advantage, with the wild-card team never having it; they and their opponents they faced in the divisional playoff game do not get home field advantage in the conference championship game. Starting in 1970, the divisional playoff games consisted of the AFC Central champions and the NFC West champions playing their games on the road. Then in 1971, it rotated to the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road. In the 1972 divisional playoff games, the AFC West champions and the NFC Central champions were the visiting teams. And in 1973 it would start all over with the AFC Central and NFC West again, and again in 1974 with the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road.


The divisional playoff match-ups were pre-determined year by year. The designated division champion assigned to play on the road, would play the division champion from the same division as the wild card winner. The wild card team was only allowed to play their divisional rival in the conference championship, but not in the divisional playoffs. In some years the designated road team was from the same division as the wild card team. In that case the designated divisional road team would play one of the two other division champions, depending on the probable matchups from the previous year. For example in 1971 the AFC Eastern division winner was assigned as the designated road team for that year. The reason they played the AFC Western divsion champion and not the Central dividion, is because the AFC Eastern divison winner from 1970 played host to the AFC Central division winner. This idea was to rotate playoff matchups year by year and not repeat.
The divisional playoff match-ups were pre-determined year by year. The designated division champion assigned to play on the road would travel to play the division champion from the same division as the wild card winner. The wild card team was only allowed to play their divisional rival in the conference championship, but not in the divisional playoffs. In some years the designated road team was from the same division as the wild card team. In that case, the designated divisional road team would play one of the two other division champions, depending on the probable matchups from the previous year. For example in the 1971 divisional playoffs, the AFC Eastern division winner was assigned to play on the road. The reason they played the AFC Western division champion and not the Central division, is because the AFC Eastern division winner played host to the AFC Central division winner in the divisional playoffs from the previous year (1970). This idea was designed to rotate playoff matchups year by year and not repeat.


But the rotation system led to several playoff inequities, such as:
However, the rotation system led to several playoff inequities, such as:
* In [[1971–72 NFL playoffs|1971]], the teams with the two best records in each conference met in the divisional round. Meanwhile, the wild card teams had better records than the division winners they faced (the [[1970 Cleveland Browns season|Browns]] and [[1971 San Francisco 49ers season|49ers]] were both 9–5).
* In [[1971–72 NFL playoffs|1971]], the teams with the two best records in each conference met in the divisional round. Meanwhile, the wild card teams had better records than the division winners they faced (the [[1970 Cleveland Browns season|Browns]] and [[1971 San Francisco 49ers season|49ers]] were both 9–5).
* In [[1972–73 NFL playoffs|1972]], the [[1972 Miami Dolphins season|Dolphins]] had to take their perfect record to [[Three Rivers Stadium]] to face the [[1972 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]], who went 11–3, in the AFC championship game.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeArdo |first=Bryan |date=2020-05-27 |title=Here's why the undefeated '72 Dolphins faced the Steelers in Pittsburgh for the AFC title game |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/heres-why-the-undefeated-72-dolphins-faced-the-steelers-in-pittsburgh-for-the-afc-title-game/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref>
* In [[1972–73 NFL playoffs|1972]], the [[1972 Miami Dolphins season|Dolphins]] had to take their perfect record to [[Three Rivers Stadium]] to face the [[1972 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]], who went 11–3, in the AFC championship game.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeArdo |first=Bryan |date=2020-05-27 |title=Here's why the undefeated '72 Dolphins faced the Steelers in Pittsburgh for the AFC title game |url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/heres-why-the-undefeated-72-dolphins-faced-the-steelers-in-pittsburgh-for-the-afc-title-game/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> Also, the 8–5–1 [[1972 San Francisco 49ers|49ers]], who had the worst record of any playoff team, hosted the 10–4 [[1972 Dallas Cowboys|Cowboys]].
* In [[1973–74 NFL playoffs|1973]], the 10–4 [[1973 Cincinnati Bengals season|Bengals]] had to play at the 12–2 [[1973 Miami Dolphins season|Dolphins]] in the divisional round, while the 9–4–1 [[1973 Oakland Raiders season|Raiders]] hosted the 10-4 wild card [[1973 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Steelers]].
* In [[1973–74 NFL playoffs|1973]], the 10–4 [[1973 Cincinnati Bengals season|Bengals]] had to play at the 12–2 [[1973 Miami Dolphins season|Dolphins]] in the divisional round, while the 9–4–1 [[1973 Oakland Raiders season|Raiders]] hosted the 10-4 wild card [[1973 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Steelers]].
* In 1973, the [[1973 Dallas Cowboys season|Cowboys]] finished 10–4, but hosted two 12–2 teams; the [[1973 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] and [[1973 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota]].
* That same year, the [[1973 Dallas Cowboys season|Cowboys]] finished 10–4, but hosted two 12–2 teams; the [[1973 Los Angeles Rams season|Los Angeles Rams]] and [[1973 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota]].
* In [[1974–75 NFL playoffs|1974]], the 11–3 [[1974 Miami Dolphins season|Dolphins]] had to play at the 12–2 [[1974 Oakland Raiders season|Raiders]] in the divisional round, while the 10–3–1 [[1974 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Steelers]] hosted the wild card [[1974 Buffalo Bills season|Bills]].
* In [[1974–75 NFL playoffs|1974]], the 11–3 [[1974 Miami Dolphins season|Dolphins]] had to play at the 12–2 [[1974 Oakland Raiders season|Raiders]] in the divisional round, while the 10–3–1 [[1974 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Steelers]] hosted the wild card [[1974 Buffalo Bills season|Bills]].
* In 1974, the [[1974 Minnesota Vikings season|Vikings]] hosted the [[1974 Los Angeles Rams season|Rams]] in the NFC championship even though both teams went 10–4 and Los Angeles defeated Minnesota in the regular season.
* In 1974, the [[1974 Minnesota Vikings season|Vikings]] hosted the [[1974 Los Angeles Rams season|Rams]] in the NFC championship even though both teams went 10–4 and Los Angeles defeated Minnesota in the regular season.


The league instituted a seeding system for the playoffs in [[1975–76 NFL playoffs|1975]], where the surviving clubs with the higher seeds were made the home teams for each playoff round.<ref name=NFLhist/> Thus, the top seeded division winner played the wild-card team, and the remaining two division winners played at the home stadium of the better seed, forcing the lowest-ranked division winner to open the postseason on the road. However, two teams from the same division could not meet prior to the conference championship game.<ref name=1975a>{{cite web | title = 1975 Standings | work = NFL.com | url = http://www.nfl.com/history/standings/1975 | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref> Thus, there would be times when the pairing in the divisional playoff round would be the 1 seed vs. the 3 seed and 2 vs. 4.
The league instituted a seeding system for the playoffs in [[1975–76 NFL playoffs|1975]], where the surviving clubs with the higher seeds were made the home teams for each playoff round.<ref name=NFLhist/> Thus, the top-seeded division winner played the wild-card team, and the remaining two division winners played at the home stadium of the better seed, forcing the lowest-ranked division winner to open the postseason on the road. However, two teams from the same division could not meet before the conference championship game.<ref name=1975a>{{cite web | title = 1975 Standings | work = NFL.com | url = http://www.nfl.com/history/standings/1975 | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref> Thus, there would be times when the pairing in the divisional playoff round would be the 1 seed vs. the 3 seed and 2 vs. 4.


===Expansion===
===Expansion===
Following an expansion of the regular season from 14 to 16 games in {{nfly|1978}}, the league added one more wild-card team for each conference. The two wild-card teams played the week before the division winners. The winner of this game played the top seeded division winner as was done from 1970 to 1977. However, the league continued to prohibit intra-divisional games in the divisional playoffs, but allowed such contests in the wild-card round.<ref name=1983a>{{cite web | title = 1983 Standings | work = NFL.com | url = http://www.nfl.com/history/standings/1983 | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wallace |first=William N. |date=December 24, 1978 |title=N.F.L. Playoffs Begin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/24/archives/nfl-playoffs-begin-tvs-gift-to-playoffs.html |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NFL expands season, increases playoff berths in 1978 changes |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-TFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9g0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5143,4275188 |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=news.google.com}}</ref> This ten-team playoff format was used through the 1989 season.<ref name=":0" /> Under this system, the [[Oakland Raiders]] became the first wild-card team to win a Super Bowl following the 1980 season.<ref name=1980a>{{cite web | title = 1980 Standings| publisher = Pro Football Reference | url = https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1980.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref>
Following an expansion of the regular season from 14 to 16 games in {{nfly|1978}}, the league added one more wild-card team for each conference. The two wild-card teams played the week before the division winners. The winner of this game played the top-seeded division winner as was done from 1970 to 1977. However, the league continued to prohibit intra-divisional games in the divisional playoffs but allowed such contests in the wild-card round.<ref name=1983a>{{cite web | title = 1983 Standings | work = NFL.com | url = http://www.nfl.com/history/standings/1983 | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wallace |first=William N. |date=December 24, 1978 |title=N.F.L. Playoffs Begin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/12/24/archives/nfl-playoffs-begin-tvs-gift-to-playoffs.html |access-date=January 14, 2024 |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NFL expands season, increases playoff berths in 1978 changes |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-TFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9g0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=5143,4275188 |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=news.google.com}}</ref> This ten-team playoff format was used through the 1989 season.<ref name=":0" /> Under this system, the [[Oakland Raiders]] became the first wild-card team to win a Super Bowl following the 1980 season.<ref name=1980a>{{cite web | title = 1980 Standings| publisher = Pro Football Reference | url = https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1980.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref>


During the strike-shortened {{nfly|1982}} season, only nine regular season games were played, and a modified playoff format was instituted. Divisional play was ignored (there were some cases where division rivals had both games wiped out by the strike, although each division ultimately sent at least one team to the playoffs), and the top eight teams from each conference (based on W-L-T record) were advanced to the playoffs. As a result, this became the first time that teams with losing records qualified for the playoffs: the 4–5 [[Cleveland Browns]] and the 4–5 [[Detroit Lions]].<ref name=1982a>{{cite web | title = 1982 Standings| publisher = Pro Football Reference | url = https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1982.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref>
During the strike-shortened {{nfly|1982}} season, only nine regular-season games were played, and a modified playoff format was instituted. Divisional play was ignored (there were some cases where division rivals had both games wiped out by the strike, although each division ultimately sent at least one team to the playoffs), and the top eight teams from each conference (based on W-L-T record) were advanced to the playoffs. As a result, this became the first time that teams with losing records qualified for the playoffs: the 4–5 [[Cleveland Browns]] and the 4–5 [[Detroit Lions]].<ref name=1982a>{{cite web | title = 1982 Standings| publisher = Pro Football Reference | url = https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1982.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref>


Several times between 1978–89, the two wild-card games had to be played on different days. Normally they both would be held on Sunday. In 1983 and 1988, the games were split between Saturday and Monday because Sunday was Christmas, and the NFL had avoided playing on that day at the time. In 1984, both games were played in the [[Pacific Time Zone]], so they had to be played on Saturday and Sunday to accommodate for time differences. In 1985, both the [[1985 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] and [[1985 New York Jets season|Jets]] hosted wild-card games. As they have shared a home stadium since 1984, the games had to be played on different days.
Several times between 1978–89, the two wild-card games had to be played on different days. Normally they both would be held on Sunday. In 1983 and 1988, the games were split between Saturday and Monday because Sunday was Christmas, and the NFL had avoided playing on that day at the time. In 1984, both games were played in the [[Pacific Time Zone]], so they had to be played on Saturday and Sunday to accommodate for time differences. In 1985, both the [[1985 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] and [[1985 New York Jets season|Jets]] hosted wild-card games. As they have shared a home stadium since 1984, the games had to be played on different days.


For the [[1990 NFL season|1990 season]], a third wild-card team for each conference was added, expanding the playoffs to twelve teams. The lowest-seeded division winner was then "demoted" to the wild-card weekend as the home team. Also, the restrictions on intra-divisional games during the divisional playoffs were removed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Larry |date=1990-03-02 |title=NFL Adds Two Teams to Playoffs : Pro football: Lucrative four-year agreement with ABC allows network to keep Monday night games and add postseason games. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-02-sp-1646-story.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oates |first=Bob |date=1990-12-27 |title=Reaction Mixed to Playoff Changes : NFL: New rules hurt some division champions, but spur fan interest of extra wild-card teams. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-27-sp-10008-story.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eskenazi |first=Gerald |date=March 2, 1990 |title=N.F.L. Is Expanding Playoffs And Revenue From Television |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/02/sports/nfl-is-expanding-playoffs-and-revenue-from-television.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[New York Times]] |page=B9}}</ref><ref>Platania, Joe [http://www.pressboxonline.com/blog.cfm?id=3087 "1990 Rule Change Makes Ravens-Steelers Possible"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717081256/http://www.pressboxonline.com/blog.cfm?id=3087 |date=July 17, 2012 }} ''PressBox'' (Baltimore), January 2011.</ref>
For the [[1990 NFL season|1990 season]], a third wild-card team for each conference was added, expanding the playoffs to twelve teams. The lowest-seeded division winner was then "demoted" to the wild-card weekend as the home team. Also, the restrictions on intra-divisional games during the divisional playoffs were removed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Larry |date=1990-03-02 |title=NFL Adds Two Teams to Playoffs: Pro football: Lucrative four-year agreement with ABC allows the network to keep Monday night games and add postseason games. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-02-sp-1646-story.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oates |first=Bob |date=1990-12-27 |title=Reaction Mixed to Playoff Changes : NFL: New rules hurt some division champions, but spur fan interest of extra wild-card teams. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-12-27-sp-10008-story.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Eskenazi |first=Gerald |date=March 2, 1990 |title=N.F.L. Is Expanding Playoffs And Revenue From Television |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/02/sports/nfl-is-expanding-playoffs-and-revenue-from-television.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[New York Times]] |page=B9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Platania |first=Joe |url=http://www.pressboxonline.com/blog.cfm?id=3087 |title=1990 Rule Change Makes Ravens-Steelers Possible |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717081256/http://www.pressboxonline.com/blog.cfm?id=3087 |archive-date=July 17, 2012 |url-status=dead |work=PressBox |location=Baltimore |date=January 2011}}</ref>


The {{nfly|2001}} season was the first with playoff games in [[prime time]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-06-13/sports/0106130197_1_nfl-playoff-wild-card-and-divisional-playoff-larger-potential-audiences | title=NFL playoff games going prime time | newspaper=Chicago Tribune | date=June 13, 2001 | access-date=January 8, 2017}}</ref> Thus, the league no longer had the same restrictions like in 1984 as to when to schedule games in the Pacific Time Zone.
The {{nfly|2001}} season was the first with playoff games in [[prime time]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-06-13/sports/0106130197_1_nfl-playoff-wild-card-and-divisional-playoff-larger-potential-audiences | title=NFL playoff games going prime time | newspaper=Chicago Tribune | date=June 13, 2001 | access-date=January 8, 2017}}</ref> Thus, the league no longer had the same restrictions like in 1984 as to when to schedule games in the Pacific Time Zone.
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The 1990 format continued until the [[2002 NFL season#Expansion and realignment|2002 expansion and realignment]] into eight divisions. In this format, used until the 2019 season, the four division winners and two wild cards in both conferences are seeded 1–6, respectively, with the top two seeds receiving byes, and the highest seed in each round guaranteed to host the lowest seed.<ref name=":0" />
The 1990 format continued until the [[2002 NFL season#Expansion and realignment|2002 expansion and realignment]] into eight divisions. In this format, used until the 2019 season, the four division winners and two wild cards in both conferences are seeded 1–6, respectively, with the top two seeds receiving byes, and the highest seed in each round guaranteed to host the lowest seed.<ref name=":0" />


A limitation of the 12-team format was that division winners, including one with a .500 regular season record or a losing season, could play a home playoff game against wild card teams who had superior regular season records. Home field advantage does not guarantee success, however; during the [[2015–16 NFL playoffs|2015–16 season]], every road team won their respective Wild Card playoff game, the first such occurrence in NFL history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxsports.com/nfl/story/wild-card-weekend-packers-seahawks-chiefs-steelers-all-road-teams-win-011016 | title=Wild Card weekend makes history as all four road teams win | work=Fox Sports | date=January 10, 2016 | access-date=January 11, 2016}}</ref> Through 2019 however, NFL owners remained adamant that every division winner should still be rewarded with a home playoff game regardless of record.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d80789b13 | title=Proposal to reseed playoff teams withdrawn by owners | access-date=January 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schefter|first=Adam|title=Source: Reseeding playoff teams has 'never been a consideration' for NFL|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/28247371/source-reseeding-playoff-teams-never-consideration-nfl|website=ESPN|access-date=December 9, 2019|date=December 9, 2019}}</ref>
A limitation of the 12-team format was that division winners, including one with a .500 regular season record or a losing season, could play a home playoff game against wild card teams who had superior regular season records. Home field advantage does not guarantee success, however; during the [[2015–16 NFL playoffs|2015–16 season]], every road team won their respective Wild Card playoff game, the first such occurrence in NFL history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxsports.com/nfl/story/wild-card-weekend-packers-seahawks-chiefs-steelers-all-road-teams-win-011016 | title=Wild Card weekend makes history as all four road teams win | work=Fox Sports | date=January 10, 2016 | access-date=January 11, 2016}}</ref> Through 2019 however, NFL owners remained adamant that every division winner should still be rewarded with a home playoff game regardless of record.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d80789b13 | title=Proposal to reseed playoff teams withdrawn by owners | website=[[NFL.com]] | access-date=January 3, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Schefter|first=Adam|title=Source: Reseeding playoff teams has 'never been a consideration' for NFL|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/28247371/source-reseeding-playoff-teams-never-consideration-nfl|website=ESPN|access-date=December 9, 2019|date=December 9, 2019}}</ref>


Calls to expand the playoffs to 14 teams began in 2006. Proponents of expansion noted the increased revenue that could be gained from an additional two playoff games. They also noted that the 12-team playoff system was implemented when the league still had 28 teams, four fewer than the 2002 expansion. The opposition to such a move notes that an expansion of the playoffs would "water down" the field by giving access to lower-caliber teams. Opponents to expansion further point to the [[NBA playoffs]] and the [[Stanley Cup playoffs|NHL playoffs]] where more than half of the teams qualify for the postseason, and there is often a decreased emphasis on regular season performance as a result.<ref>{{cite web | last =Weisman | first =Larry | title = Expanding playoffs, instant replay on NFL owners' agenda | publisher = USATODAY.com | date = March 22, 2006 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2006-03-22-owners-meeting_x.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Clayton | first = John | title = Playoff format is matter of integrity | work = ESPN.com | date = December 30, 2005 | url = http://proxy.espn.go.com/nfl/columns/story?columnist=clayton_john&id=2275183 | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref> In October 2013, NFL commissioner [[Roger Goodell]] announced plans to revisit the idea to expand the playoffs to 14 teams, with the increased revenue gained from the two additional postseason games being used to offset plans to shorten the preseason.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/9796104/expanded-playoffs-possible-2015-roger-goodell-says | title=Expanded NFL playoffs eyed for 2015 | work=ESPN | date=October 9, 2013 | access-date=October 9, 2013}}</ref> The 14-team playoff proposal remained tabled until December 2014, when no team in the NFC South could finish better than .500; Goodell stated that the league would vote on it at the March 2015 Owners' Meetings. However, by February 2015, the ''[[Washington Post]]'' reported that support among team owners had eroded, and league leaders expressed reluctance to make a change until the end of the 2015 season.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2015/02/18/expanded-nfl-playoffs-no-longer-seen-as-likely-for-next-season/ | title=Expanded NFL playoffs no longer seen as likely for next season | first=Mark | last=Maske | work=Washington Post | date=February 18, 2015 | access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref> The proposal then lost all interest by 2017.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maske|first1=Mark|title=Whatever happened to the expanded NFL playoffs? They were going to happen, and then … nothing.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2017/06/05/whatever-happened-to-the-expanded-nfl-playoffs-they-were-going-to-happen-and-then-nothing/|website=Washington Post|access-date=October 19, 2017|date=June 5, 2017}}</ref>
Calls to expand the playoffs to 14 teams began in 2006. Proponents of expansion noted the increased revenue that could be gained from an additional two playoff games. They also noted that the 12-team playoff system was implemented when the league still had 28 teams, four fewer than the 2002 expansion. The opposition to such a move notes that an expansion of the playoffs would "water down" the field by giving access to lower-caliber teams. Opponents of expansion further point to the [[NBA playoffs]] and the [[Stanley Cup playoffs|NHL playoffs]] where more than half of the teams qualify for the postseason, and there is often a decreased emphasis on regular season performance as a result.<ref>{{cite web | last =Weisman | first =Larry | title = Expanding playoffs, instant replay on NFL owners' agenda | publisher = USATODAY.com | date = March 22, 2006 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2006-03-22-owners-meeting_x.htm | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Clayton | first = John | title = Playoff format is a matter of integrity | work = ESPN.com | date = December 30, 2005 | url = https://proxy.espn.com/nfl/columns/story?columnist=clayton_john&id=2275183 | access-date = February 21, 2007}}</ref> In October 2013, NFL commissioner [[Roger Goodell]] announced plans to revisit the idea to expand the playoffs to 14 teams, with the increased revenue gained from the two additional postseason games being used to offset plans to shorten the preseason.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/9796104/expanded-playoffs-possible-2015-roger-goodell-says | title=Expanded NFL playoffs eyed for 2015 | work=ESPN | date=October 9, 2013 | access-date=October 9, 2013}}</ref> The 14-team playoff proposal remained tabled until December 2014, when no team in the NFC South could finish better than .500; Goodell stated that the league would vote on it at the March 2015 Owners' Meetings. However, by February 2015, the ''[[Washington Post]]'' reported that support among team owners had eroded, and league leaders expressed reluctance to make a change until the end of the 2015 season.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2015/02/18/expanded-nfl-playoffs-no-longer-seen-as-likely-for-next-season/ | title=Expanded NFL playoffs no longer seen as likely for next season | first=Mark | last=Maske | newspaper=Washington Post | date=February 18, 2015 | access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref> The proposal then lost all interest by 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Maske|first1=Mark|title=Whatever happened to the expanded NFL playoffs? They were going to happen, and then … nothing.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2017/06/05/whatever-happened-to-the-expanded-nfl-playoffs-they-were-going-to-happen-and-then-nothing/|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=October 19, 2017|date=June 5, 2017}}</ref>


The league eventually revisited and implemented the 14-team playoff format in 2020, placing a third wild-card team in each conference, and only giving the top seed a bye ([[#Current playoff system|as explained above]]).<ref>{{cite news|last=Patra|first=Kevin|title=Owners approve expanding postseason to 14 teams|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001107961/article/owners-approve-expanding-postseason-to-14-teams|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=NFL.com|date=March 31, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CBA2020">{{cite news|last=Battista|first=Judy|title=NFL players approve CBA: Impact on league in 2020 and beyond|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001106247/article/nfl-players-approve-cba-impact-on-league-in-2020-and-beyond|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=NFL.com|date=March 15, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref>
The league eventually revisited and implemented the 14-team playoff format in 2020, placing a third wild-card team in each conference, and only giving the top seed a bye ([[#Current playoff system|as explained above]]).<ref>{{cite news|last=Patra|first=Kevin|title=Owners approve expanding postseason to 14 teams|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/owners-approve-expanding-postseason-to-14-teams-0ap3000001107961|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=NFL.com|date=March 31, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref><ref name="CBA2020">{{cite news|last=Battista|first=Judy|title=NFL players approve CBA: Impact on league in 2020 and beyond|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001106247/article/nfl-players-approve-cba-impact-on-league-in-2020-and-beyond|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315153821/http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001106247/article/nfl-players-approve-cba-impact-on-league-in-2020-and-beyond|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 15, 2020|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=NFL.com|date=March 15, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref>


==NFL playoff appearances==
==NFL playoff appearances==
{{See also|List of NFL franchise post-season droughts}}
{{See also|List of NFL franchise post-season droughts}}
''Correct as of end of the 2023 regular season (including [[2023–24 NFL playoffs|2023–24 playoff]] berths).''
''Correct as of the end of the 2023 regular season (including [[2023–24 NFL playoffs|2023–24 playoff]] berths).''
<!--<small>*Tiebreaker playoff appearances based on the team with the more recent playoff appearance.</small>-->
<!--<small>*Tiebreaker playoff appearances based on the team with the more recent playoff appearance.</small>-->


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|-
|-
|[[New England Patriots|Boston / New England Patriots]]
|[[New England Patriots|Boston / New England Patriots]]
|28{{#tag:ref|Includes [[American Football League]] postseason appearances. Per the conditions of the [[AFL–NFL merger]], all history, playoffs and records of the AFL were incorporated into the NFL.|group=upper-alpha|name=d}}
|28{{#tag:ref|Includes [[American Football League]] postseason appearances. Per the conditions of the [[AFL–NFL merger]], all history, playoffs, and records of the AFL were incorporated into the NFL.|group=upper-alpha|name=d}}
|-
|-
|[[Chicago Bears]]
|[[Chicago Bears]]
|27{{#tag:ref|Does not include the appearance in the [[1932 NFL Playoff Game]]. The NFL officially records it as an additional regular season game<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1931–1940 | title=NFL History: 1931–1940 | work=NFL.com | access-date=November 13, 2013 | quote= After the season finale, the league office arranged for an additional regular-season game to determine the league champion}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=a}}
|27{{#tag:ref|Does not include the appearance in the [[1932 NFL Playoff Game]]. The NFL officially records it as an additional regular-season game<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1931–1940 | title=NFL History: 1931–1940 | work=NFL.com | access-date=November 13, 2013 | quote= After the season finale, the league office arranged for an additional regular-season game to determine the league champion}}</ref>|group=upper-alpha|name=a}}
|-
|-
|[[Cleveland Browns]]
|[[Cleveland Browns]]
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|-
|-
|[[Las Vegas Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles / Las Vegas Raiders]]
|[[Las Vegas Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles / Las Vegas Raiders]]
|23{{#tag:ref|Includes [[American Football League]] postseason appearances. Per the conditions of the [[AFL–NFL merger]], all history, playoffs and records of the AFL were incorporated into the NFL.|group=upper-alpha|name=d}}
|23{{#tag:ref|Includes [[American Football League]] postseason appearances. Per the conditions of the [[AFL–NFL merger]], all history, playoffs, and records of the AFL were incorporated into the NFL.|group=upper-alpha|name=d}}
|-
|-
|[[Denver Broncos]]
|[[Denver Broncos]]
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|-
|-
|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|15{{#tag:ref|The [[Baltimore Ravens]] were originally the [[Cleveland Browns]], and [[Cleveland Browns relocation controversy|moved to Baltimore in 1996]]. Due to an agreement with the city of [[Cleveland]] that allowed the club to move, the Browns name, colors, and team history/records were left for a new Cleveland Browns team while the team, personnel, and staff of the old Browns team were allowed to move to Baltimore. As such, the Ravens are considered to have begun play in [[1996 Baltimore Ravens season|1996]] while the current Cleveland Browns are considered to have joined the NFL in [[1950 NFL season|1950]], were inactive from 1996 to 1998, and resumed play as a new team in 1999.|group=upper-alpha|name=c}}
|15{{#tag:ref|The [[Baltimore Ravens]] were originally the [[Cleveland Browns]], and [[Cleveland Browns relocation controversy|moved to Baltimore in 1996]]. Due to an agreement with the city of [[Cleveland]] that allowed the club to move, the Browns' name, colors, and team history/records were left for a new Cleveland Browns team while the team, personnel, and staff of the old Browns team were allowed to move to Baltimore. As such, the Ravens are considered to have begun play in [[1996 Baltimore Ravens season|1996]] while the current Cleveland Browns are considered to have joined the NFL in [[1950 NFL season|1950]], were inactive from 1996 to 1998, and resumed play as a new team in 1999.|group=upper-alpha|name=c}}
|-
|-
|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
Line 438: Line 452:
|-
|-
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgrey;"|
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgrey;"|
| style="background:#E0218A; color:white;"|2||colspan=2 |Miami Dolphins || style="background:lightgrey;"|
| style="background:#E0218A; color:white;"|2|| colspan="2" |Miami Dolphins || style="background:lightgrey;"|
|-
|-
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey;"|
| colspan="8" style="background:lightgrey;"|
Line 488: Line 502:


==All-time streaks of accomplishment==
==All-time streaks of accomplishment==
Notable current streaks in table are listed below in '''bold'''. Only the longest streak for each team is listed. Note that the regular season increased from 14 to 16 games in {{NFL year|1978}}, then to the current 17 in {{NFL year|2021}}, and teams only played 9 regular-season games in {{NFL year|1982}}.
Notable current streaks in the table are listed below in '''bold'''. Only the longest streak for each team is listed. Note that the regular season increased from 14 to 16 games in {{NFL year|1978}}, then to the current 17 in {{NFL year|2021}}, and teams only played 9 regular-season games in {{NFL year|1982}}.


All streaks can be verified on the team pages at Pro-Football-Reference.com.<ref name=Fran>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/ |title=Team Encyclopedias and Records |publisher=Pro-Football-Reference.com |access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref>
All streaks can be verified on the team pages at Pro-Football-Reference.com.<ref name=Fran>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/ |title=Team Encyclopedias and Records |publisher=Pro-Football-Reference.com |access-date=2012-12-30}}</ref>
Line 523: Line 537:
|}
|}
<br>
<br>
Timeline for each teams' longest streak. <br>
Timeline for each team's longest streak. <br>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=90%
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=90%
! colspan="41" style="width:80%; text-align:center; font-size:125%; background:#deb887;"| Teams' longest consecutive playoff appearances all time
! colspan="41" style="width:80%; text-align:center; font-size:125%; background:#deb887;"| Teams' longest consecutive playoff appearances all time
Line 604: Line 618:
||8||Patriots
||8||Patriots
|-
|-
||6||Cowboys · ''Chiefs''
||6||Cowboys · ''Chiefs''
|-
|-
||5||Eagles · Packers · Raiders · Ravens · Seahawks
||5||Eagles · Packers · Raiders · Ravens · Seahawks
Line 614: Line 628:
||2||Bears (x 2) · Bengals · Broncos (x 2) · Browns (x 3) · Buccaneers · Cardinals · Colts (x 4) · Falcons · Jaguars · Jets · Lions · Panthers · Saints · Texans · Titans (Oilers) (x 4)
||2||Bears (x 2) · Bengals · Broncos (x 2) · Browns (x 3) · Buccaneers · Cardinals · Colts (x 4) · Falcons · Jaguars · Jets · Lions · Panthers · Saints · Texans · Titans (Oilers) (x 4)
|}
|}
Timeline for each teams' longest streak. <br>
Timeline for each team's longest streak. <br>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=90%
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" width=90%
! colspan="30" style="width:80%; text-align:center; font-size:125%; background:#deb887;" | Teams' longest consecutive seasons with a playoff win all time (minimum 2 seasons)
! colspan="30" style="width:80%; text-align:center; font-size:125%; background:#deb887;" | Teams' longest consecutive seasons with a playoff win all time (minimum 2 seasons)
Line 757: Line 771:
* {{cite book | title=2006 NFL Record and Fact Book | date=July 25, 2006 | publisher=Time Inc. Home Entertainment | isbn=1-933405-32-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit}}
* {{cite book | title=2006 NFL Record and Fact Book | date=July 25, 2006 | publisher=Time Inc. Home Entertainment | isbn=1-933405-32-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit}}
* {{cite book | title=Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League | date=July 25, 2006 | publisher=[[HarperCollins]] | isbn=1-933405-32-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit}}
* {{cite book | title=Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League | date=July 25, 2006 | publisher=[[HarperCollins]] | isbn=1-933405-32-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/2006nflrecordfac00edit}}
* {{cite book | title=The Sporting News Complete Super Bowl Book 1995 | isbn=0-89204-523-X}}
* {{cite book | title=The Sporting News Complete Super Bowl Book 1995 | isbn=0-89204-523-X| last1=News| first1=Sporting| date=February 1995| publisher=Sporting News Publishing Company}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 07:29, 15 July 2024

NFL playoffs
Current season, competition or edition:
Current sports event 2023–24 NFL playoffs
SportAmerican football
Founded1933
No. of teams14
Most recent
champion(s)
Kansas City Chiefs
(4th title)
Most titlesGreen Bay Packers
(13 titles)[A]
TV partner(s)
Streaming partner(s)

The National Football League (NFL) playoffs is the single-elimination tournament to determine the annual league champion. The four-round tournament is held after the league's regular season. Since the 2020 season, seven teams from each of the league's two conferences qualify for the playoffs based on regular season winning percentage, with a tie-breaking procedure if required. The top team in each conference receives a first-round bye, automatically advancing to the next round. The tournament culminates in the Super Bowl, the league's championship game, competed between teams from each conference.

NFL postseason history can be traced to the first NFL Championship Game in 1933, though in the early years, qualification for the game was based solely on regular-season records. From 1933 to 1966, the NFL postseason generally only consisted of the NFL Championship Game, which pitted the league's two division winners against each other (pending any one-game playoff matches that needed to be held to break ties in the division standings). In 1967, the playoffs were expanded to four teams (division winners). When the league completed its merger with the American Football League (AFL) in 1970, the playoffs were expanded to eight teams, which increased to ten in 1978, twelve in 1990, and fourteen in 2020.

Among the four major professional sports leagues in the United States, the NFL postseason is the only one to use a single-elimination tournament in all of its rounds. Major League Baseball (MLB) has traditionally used "best-of" series formats, though its Wild Card postseason round, initiated in 2012, was a single game until 2022 when it was replaced with a best-of-three series. Both the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the National Hockey League (NHL) continue to use "best-of" series formats.

Current playoff system

Schedule for the NFL playoffs
Season 2023–24
(Previous)
2024–25 2025–26
(Tentative)
2026–27
(Tentative)
Wild Card Jan 13–15 Jan 11–13 Jan 10–12 Jan 16–18
Divisional Jan 20–21 Jan 18–19 Jan 17–18 Jan 23–24
Conference Jan 28 Jan 26 Jan 25 Jan 31
Super Bowl LVIII
Feb 11
LIX
Feb 9
LX
Feb 8
LXI
Feb 14

The 32-team National Football League is divided into two conferences, the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). Since 2002, each conference has 16 teams and is further divided into four geographic divisions of four teams each. As of 2020, qualification into the playoffs works as follows:[2]

  • The four division champions from each conference (the team in each division with the best overall record) are seeded 1 through 4 based on their overall won-lost-tied record.
  • Three wild-card qualifiers from each conference (the three teams with the best overall record of all remaining teams in the conference) are seeded 5, 6, and 7.

If teams are tied (having the same regular season won-lost-tied record), the playoff seeding is determined by a set of tie-breaking rules.[3]

The names of the first two playoff rounds date back to the postseason format that was first used in 1978, when the league added a second wild-card team to each conference. The first round of the playoffs is dubbed the wild-card round, wild-card weekend, or, since 2021, super wild-card weekend. In this round, the second-seeded division winner hosts the seventh-seeded wild card team, the third hosts the sixth, and the fourth hosts the fifth. There are no restrictions regarding teams from the same division matching up in any round. The team with the best overall record from each conference receives a first round bye, automatically advancing them to the second round, dubbed the divisional round, and hosts the lowest-remaining seed from the wild-card round. Meanwhile, the other two winners from that round play each other with the higher seeds hosting.[4] The two surviving teams from each conferences' divisional-round playoff games then meet in the respective AFC and NFC Conference Championship games, hosted by the higher-seeded team. The winners of those contests go on to face one another in the Super Bowl which is played at a predetermined site.

The New York Giants and New York Jets have shared the same home stadium since 1984 (Giants Stadium from 1984 to 2009, and MetLife Stadium since 2010). Thus, if both teams need to host playoff games on the same weekend, they are required to play on separate days, even during the Conference Championship round when both games are normally scheduled on the same day. The only time such a scheduling conflict occurred was during Wild Card weekend in 1985 when only 10 teams qualified for the postseason and there were only two wild-card games. Instead of playing both Wild Card games on the same day, as was the case when the 10-team system was used from 1978 to 1989, the Jets hosted their game on Saturday, December 28, before the Giants hosted their game on Sunday, December 29. This same scheduling conflict could occur for the Los Angeles Chargers and Los Angeles Rams, who began sharing SoFi Stadium in 2020.

(Day) – #3 Seed Hosts (Day) – 2nd Highest Seed Hosts
6 Wild Card #2
3 Division Winner #3
2nd Lowest Seed
(Day) – Higher Seed Hosts
(Day) – #2 Seed Hosts 2nd Highest Seed
See Re-seeding below
7 Wild Card #3 Lower Seed
(Day) – #1 Seed Hosts
2 Division Winner #2 Higher Seed
AFC Championship
(Day) – #4 Seed Hosts Lowest Seed
1 AFC best record
5 Wild Card #1
Divisional playoffs (Day) – Neutral Site
4 Division Winner #4
Wild Card playoffs
A AFC Champion
(Day) – #3 Seed Hosts (Day) – 2nd Highest Seed Hosts N NFC Champion
Super Bowl
6 Wild Card #2
3 Division Winner #3
2nd Lowest Seed
(Day) – Higher Seed Hosts
(Day) – #2 Seed Hosts 2nd Highest Seed
See Re-seeding below
7 Wild Card #3 Lower Seed
(Day) – #1 Seed Hosts
2 Division Winner #2 Higher Seed
NFC Championship
(Day) – #4 Seed Hosts Lowest Seed
1 NFC best record
5 Wild Card #1
4 Division Winner #4
  • Re-seeding: Home field is determined by seeding number, not position on the bracket. The NFL does not use a fixed bracket system; the outcome of the Wild Card games determine the matchups of the Divisional playoffs games, with the lowest remaining seed in each conference traveling to the first seed, and the second-lowest remaining seed traveling to the second-highest remaining seed.

Breaking ties

Often, teams will finish a season with identical records. It becomes necessary, therefore, to devise means to break these ties, either to determine which teams will qualify for the playoffs or to determine seeding in the playoff tournament. The rules below are applied in order until the tie is broken. Ties within divisions are always broken first to eliminate all but the highest-ranked club in each division before breaking ties between teams in different divisions, however, it should be emphasized that other than for division winners, divisional ranking is not in itself a tiebreaker – for example, if a division runner-up ties with teams finishing third and fourth in another division, the runner-up's record will be compared to the team awarded third place in the other division without regard to the teams' divisional finish.

If three or four teams in one division are tied for the division title and/or division runner-up, and also if after breaking ties within divisions three or four teams in different divisions are tied, then should the one or two team(s) be qualified or eliminated at any step the tiebreaker reverts to step one for the remaining two or three teams. If multiple playoff spots are at stake, the rules are applied in order until the first team(s) qualify(ies) or are eliminated, then the process is started again for the remaining teams. Finally, once ties are broken between three or more teams qualifying for the playoffs, the relative positions of the seeds determined will not change regardless of wild card and divisional round results – for example, if division winners were to tie for the second, third and fourth seeds in a conference and the third and fourth seeds subsequently advanced to the conference championship game, the team that was originally awarded the third seed would host that game even if it lost a head-to-head tiebreaker against the fourth seed.

The tie-breaking rules have changed over the years, with the most recent changes being made in 2002 to accommodate the league's realignment into eight four-team divisions; record vs. common opponents and most of the other criteria involving wins and losses were moved up higher in the tie-breaking list, while those involving compiled stats such as points for and against were moved to the bottom.[3][5]

The current tiebreakers are as follows, with coin tosses used if all of the criteria fail:[6]

Divisional tiebreakers Conference tiebreakers
  1. Head-to-head (best won-lost-tied percentage in games between the clubs).
  2. Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the division.
  3. Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games (games played against the same opponents).
  4. Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
  5. Strength of victory (the combined won-lost-tied percentage of all the teams that a club has defeated).
  6. Strength of schedule (the combined won-lost-tied percentage of all the teams that a club has played against).
  7. Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.
  8. Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.
  9. Best net points in common games.
  10. Best net points in all games.
  11. Best net touchdowns in all games.
  1. Apply division tiebreaker to eliminate all but the highest-ranked club in each division before proceeding to step 2.
  2. Head-to-head, if applicable. (For ties among three or more teams, this step is only applied if there is a head-to-head sweep; i.e., if one club has defeated each of the others or if one club has lost to each of the others.)
  3. Best won-lost-tied percentage in games played within the conference.
  4. Best won-lost-tied percentage in common games, a minimum of four.
  5. Strength of victory (record of all the teams they defeated that season).
  6. Strength of schedule (record of all the teams they played that season).
  7. Best combined ranking among conference teams in points scored and points allowed.
  8. Best combined ranking among all teams in points scored and points allowed.
  9. Best net points in conference games.
  10. Best net points in all games.
  11. Best net touchdowns in all games.

Overtime rules

The NFL introduced overtime for any divisional tiebreaker games beginning in 1940 and for championship games beginning in 1946. The first postseason game to be played under these rules was the 1958 NFL Championship Game between the Baltimore Colts and New York Giants (the so-called "Greatest Game Ever Played"), decided by a one-yard touchdown run by Colts fullback Alan Ameche after eight minutes and fifteen seconds of extra time.[7][8] Overtime under the original format was sudden death, the first team to score would be declared the winner.

In March 2010, the NFL amended its rules for postseason overtime,[9] with the rule being extended into the regular season in March 2012.[10] If a team scores a touchdown, or if the defense scores a safety on the (other team's) first possession, it is declared the winner. If it scores a field goal on its first possession, however, it then kicks off to the opposing team, which has an opportunity to score; if the score is tied again after that possession, true sudden death rules apply and whoever scores next will win. True sudden death rules would continue from double overtime hereafter.[9]

The league further amended its postseason overtime rules in March 2022, allowing both teams to have at least one possession even if the first team with possession scores a touchdown.[11]

Multiple overtimes

Since postseason games cannot end in a tie, unlike the preseason or regular season, additional overtime periods are played as necessary until a winner is determined. Furthermore, all clock rules apply as if a game had started over. Therefore, if the first overtime period ends with the score still tied, the teams switch ends of the field before the second overtime. With two minutes to go in the second overtime, there would be a two-minute warning (but not during the first overtime period as in the regular season). If it were still tied at the end of the second overtime, the team that lost (or deferred) the coin toss before the first overtime would have the option to kick off, receive, or choose a side of the field to defend. However, unlike in the first overtime period, true sudden death rules would continue from the start of any third and subsequent overtime period. If a game reached a fifth overtime, another coin toss would be held and timing rules would be as if another new game started.[12] Although a contest could theoretically last indefinitely, or last several overtime periods like several National Hockey League postseason games, no NFL playoff game has ever gone past two overtime periods. The longest NFL overtime game played to date is 82 minutes, 40 seconds: Miami Dolphins kicker Garo Yepremian made the walk-off 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of the second overtime to defeat the Kansas City Chiefs, 27–24, in an AFC playoff game on December 25, 1971.[13][14][15]

Playoff games that went into at least two overtimes[16]
Length of game Date Away team Score Home team Winning score
82:40 December 25, 1971 Miami Dolphins 27–24 Kansas City Chiefs Garo Yepremian 37-yard field goal
77:54† December 23, 1962 Dallas Texans 20–17 Houston Oilers Tommy Brooker 25-yard field goal
77:02 January 3, 1987 New York Jets 20–23 Cleveland Browns Mark Moseley 27-yard field goal
76:42 January 12, 2013 Baltimore Ravens 38–35 Denver Broncos Justin Tucker 47-yard field goal
75:43 December 24, 1977 Oakland Raiders 37–31 Baltimore Colts Dave Casper 10-yard touchdown pass from Ken Stabler
75:10 January 10, 2004 Carolina Panthers 29–23 St. Louis Rams Steve Smith 69-yard touchdown pass from Jake Delhomme
† AFL game prior to the AFL–NFL merger.

Playoff and championship history

The NFL's method for determining its champions has changed over the years.

Early years

From the league's founding in 1920 until 1932, there was no scheduled championship game. From 1920 to 1923, the championship was awarded to a team by a vote of team owners at the annual owners' meeting. From 1924 to 1932, the team having the best winning percentage was awarded the championship (the de facto standard owners had been using anyway). As each team played a different number of games, simply counting wins and losses would have been insufficient. Additionally, tie games were not counted in the standings in figuring winning percentage (under modern rules, ties count as ½ win and ½ loss). There was a head-to-head tiebreaker, which also was weighted toward the end of the season: for two teams that played each other twice, each winning once, the team winning the second game was determined to be the champion (the criteria used to decide the 1921 title).[17][18]

1932 playoff game

In 1932, the Chicago Bears (6–1–6) and the Portsmouth Spartans (6–1–4) were tied at the end of the season with identical winning percentages (.857). Of note, the Green Bay Packers (10–3–1) had more wins, but a lower winning percentage (.769) as calculated under the rules of the day, which ignored ties.

The Bears and Spartans had played to ties in both of their matchups, so the head-to-head tiebreaker did not apply. An additional game was therefore needed to determine a champion. It was agreed that the game would be played at Chicago's Wrigley Field, but severe winter weather and fear of a low turnout forced the game to be moved indoors to Chicago Stadium.

The game was played under modified rules on a shortened 80-yard dirt field, and the Bears won with a final score of 9–0.[17][19] As a result of the game, the Bears had the better winning percentage (.875) and won the league title. The loss gave the Spartans a final winning percentage of .750 and moved them to third place behind the Packers. While there is no consensus that this game was a real "championship" game (or even a playoff game), it generated considerable interest and led to the creation of the official NFL Championship Game in 1933.[19]

Before the Super Bowl

Given the interest of the impromptu "championship game", and the desire of the league to create a more equitable means of determining a champion, the league divided into two conferences beginning in 1933. The first-place teams in each conference met in the NFL Championship Game after the season. There was no tie-breaker system in place; any ties in the final standings of either conference resulted in playoff games in 1941, 1943, 1947, 1950 (2), 1952, 1957, 1958, and 1965. Since the venue and date of the championship game were often not known until the last game of the season had been played, these playoff games sometimes delayed the NFL title game by a week.

The playoff structure used from 1933 to 1966 was considered inequitable by some because of the number of times it failed to match the teams with the two best records in the championship game, as only the conference winners would qualify for playoff contention. Four times between 1950 and 1966 (in 1951, 1956, 1960, and 1963) the team with the second-best win–loss record did not qualify for the playoffs while the team with the best record in the other conference, but only the third-best in the league, advanced to the championship game.

The AFL-NFL merger and the creation of the Super Bowl forced the NFL to adopt its first guaranteed multi-game postseason format. In 1967, the NFL expanded to 16 teams and split its two conferences into two divisions of four teams each. The four division champions advanced to the playoffs. To remain on schedule, a tie-breaker system was introduced. The first round determined the conference's champion and its representative in the NFL Championship Game, played the following week.[20]

During the three years (1967–69) that this playoff structure was in effect, there was one use of the tie-breaker system. In 1967, the Los Angeles Rams and Baltimore Colts ended the season tied at 11–1–2 for the lead in the Coastal Division. The Colts came into the last game of the season undefeated but were beaten by the Rams. Though the Colts shared the best win–loss record in the NFL that year, they failed to advance to the playoffs while three other teams with worse records won their divisions. This event figured into the decision in 1970 to include a wild-card team in the playoff tournament after the AFL–NFL merger.

During the 1960s, a third-place game was held in Miami, called the Playoff Bowl. It was contested in early January following the 196069 seasons. Though official playoff games at the time they were played, the NFL now officially classifies these ten games (and statistics) as exhibitions, not as playoff games.[21]

AAFC playoffs

During its brief history, the AAFC, which would merge into the NFL for the 1950 season, used an identical playoff format to the NFL from 1946 to 1948. In 1949 (its last year), the AAFC merged its two conferences when one of its teams folded, and used a four-team playoff system. In 1948, the aforementioned issue of playoff inequity came into play when the San Francisco 49ers would miss the playoffs with a 12–2 record; they were in the same conference as the 14–0 Cleveland Browns, who would go on to win the Western Conference and then the AAFC's championship game against the 7–7 Buffalo Bills (AAFC).

AFL playoffs

For the 196068 seasons, the AFL used the two-divisional format identical to the NFL to determine its champion. There was no tie-breaker system in place, so ties atop the Eastern Division final standings in 1963 and Western Division in 1968 necessitated playoff games to determine each division's representative in the championship. In both years, the playoff winner went on the road for the AFL title game and lost.

For 1969, the final season before its merger with the NFL, the AFL added a first-round whereby each division winner played the second-place team from the other division. The winners of these games met in the AFL Championship Game.[20] In the only year of this format, the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs were the second-place team in the Western division and played both games on the road. They won Super Bowl IV in January and became the first division runner-up to win a Super Bowl.[22]

Super Bowl and merger

The Super Bowl began as an inter-league championship game between the AFL and NFL, an idea first proposed by Kansas City Chiefs owner Lamar Hunt. This compromise was the result of pressures the upstart AFL was placing on the older NFL. The success of the rival league eventually led to a full merger of the two leagues.[17]

From the 1966 season to the 1969 season (Super Bowls I–IV) the game featured the champions of the AFL and NFL. Since the 1970 season, the game has featured the champions of the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC).

When the leagues merged in 1970, the new NFL (with 26 teams) reorganized into two conferences of three divisions each. From the 1970 season to the 1977 season, four teams from each conference (for a total of eight teams) qualified for the playoffs each year. These four teams included the three division champions, and a fourth wild-card team.[23]

Originally, the home teams in the playoffs were decided based on a yearly rotation.[24][25] From 1970 to 1974, the divisional playoff round rotated which of the three division champions would have home-field advantage, with the wild-card team never having it; they and their opponents they faced in the divisional playoff game do not get home field advantage in the conference championship game. Starting in 1970, the divisional playoff games consisted of the AFC Central champions and the NFC West champions playing their games on the road. Then in 1971, it rotated to the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road. In the 1972 divisional playoff games, the AFC West champions and the NFC Central champions were the visiting teams. And in 1973 it would start all over with the AFC Central and NFC West again, and again in 1974 with the AFC East champions and the NFC East champions playing their games on the road.

The divisional playoff match-ups were pre-determined year by year. The designated division champion assigned to play on the road would travel to play the division champion from the same division as the wild card winner. The wild card team was only allowed to play their divisional rival in the conference championship, but not in the divisional playoffs. In some years the designated road team was from the same division as the wild card team. In that case, the designated divisional road team would play one of the two other division champions, depending on the probable matchups from the previous year. For example in the 1971 divisional playoffs, the AFC Eastern division winner was assigned to play on the road. The reason they played the AFC Western division champion and not the Central division, is because the AFC Eastern division winner played host to the AFC Central division winner in the divisional playoffs from the previous year (1970). This idea was designed to rotate playoff matchups year by year and not repeat.

However, the rotation system led to several playoff inequities, such as:

  • In 1971, the teams with the two best records in each conference met in the divisional round. Meanwhile, the wild card teams had better records than the division winners they faced (the Browns and 49ers were both 9–5).
  • In 1972, the Dolphins had to take their perfect record to Three Rivers Stadium to face the Pittsburgh Steelers, who went 11–3, in the AFC championship game.[26] Also, the 8–5–1 49ers, who had the worst record of any playoff team, hosted the 10–4 Cowboys.
  • In 1973, the 10–4 Bengals had to play at the 12–2 Dolphins in the divisional round, while the 9–4–1 Raiders hosted the 10-4 wild card Steelers.
  • That same year, the Cowboys finished 10–4, but hosted two 12–2 teams; the Los Angeles Rams and Minnesota.
  • In 1974, the 11–3 Dolphins had to play at the 12–2 Raiders in the divisional round, while the 10–3–1 Steelers hosted the wild card Bills.
  • In 1974, the Vikings hosted the Rams in the NFC championship even though both teams went 10–4 and Los Angeles defeated Minnesota in the regular season.

The league instituted a seeding system for the playoffs in 1975, where the surviving clubs with the higher seeds were made the home teams for each playoff round.[17] Thus, the top-seeded division winner played the wild-card team, and the remaining two division winners played at the home stadium of the better seed, forcing the lowest-ranked division winner to open the postseason on the road. However, two teams from the same division could not meet before the conference championship game.[27] Thus, there would be times when the pairing in the divisional playoff round would be the 1 seed vs. the 3 seed and 2 vs. 4.

Expansion

Following an expansion of the regular season from 14 to 16 games in 1978, the league added one more wild-card team for each conference. The two wild-card teams played the week before the division winners. The winner of this game played the top-seeded division winner as was done from 1970 to 1977. However, the league continued to prohibit intra-divisional games in the divisional playoffs but allowed such contests in the wild-card round.[28][29][30] This ten-team playoff format was used through the 1989 season.[23] Under this system, the Oakland Raiders became the first wild-card team to win a Super Bowl following the 1980 season.[31]

During the strike-shortened 1982 season, only nine regular-season games were played, and a modified playoff format was instituted. Divisional play was ignored (there were some cases where division rivals had both games wiped out by the strike, although each division ultimately sent at least one team to the playoffs), and the top eight teams from each conference (based on W-L-T record) were advanced to the playoffs. As a result, this became the first time that teams with losing records qualified for the playoffs: the 4–5 Cleveland Browns and the 4–5 Detroit Lions.[32]

Several times between 1978–89, the two wild-card games had to be played on different days. Normally they both would be held on Sunday. In 1983 and 1988, the games were split between Saturday and Monday because Sunday was Christmas, and the NFL had avoided playing on that day at the time. In 1984, both games were played in the Pacific Time Zone, so they had to be played on Saturday and Sunday to accommodate for time differences. In 1985, both the New York Giants and Jets hosted wild-card games. As they have shared a home stadium since 1984, the games had to be played on different days.

For the 1990 season, a third wild-card team for each conference was added, expanding the playoffs to twelve teams. The lowest-seeded division winner was then "demoted" to the wild-card weekend as the home team. Also, the restrictions on intra-divisional games during the divisional playoffs were removed.[33][34][35][36]

The 2001 season was the first with playoff games in prime time.[37] Thus, the league no longer had the same restrictions like in 1984 as to when to schedule games in the Pacific Time Zone.

The 1990 format continued until the 2002 expansion and realignment into eight divisions. In this format, used until the 2019 season, the four division winners and two wild cards in both conferences are seeded 1–6, respectively, with the top two seeds receiving byes, and the highest seed in each round guaranteed to host the lowest seed.[23]

A limitation of the 12-team format was that division winners, including one with a .500 regular season record or a losing season, could play a home playoff game against wild card teams who had superior regular season records. Home field advantage does not guarantee success, however; during the 2015–16 season, every road team won their respective Wild Card playoff game, the first such occurrence in NFL history.[38] Through 2019 however, NFL owners remained adamant that every division winner should still be rewarded with a home playoff game regardless of record.[39][40]

Calls to expand the playoffs to 14 teams began in 2006. Proponents of expansion noted the increased revenue that could be gained from an additional two playoff games. They also noted that the 12-team playoff system was implemented when the league still had 28 teams, four fewer than the 2002 expansion. The opposition to such a move notes that an expansion of the playoffs would "water down" the field by giving access to lower-caliber teams. Opponents of expansion further point to the NBA playoffs and the NHL playoffs where more than half of the teams qualify for the postseason, and there is often a decreased emphasis on regular season performance as a result.[41][42] In October 2013, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell announced plans to revisit the idea to expand the playoffs to 14 teams, with the increased revenue gained from the two additional postseason games being used to offset plans to shorten the preseason.[43] The 14-team playoff proposal remained tabled until December 2014, when no team in the NFC South could finish better than .500; Goodell stated that the league would vote on it at the March 2015 Owners' Meetings. However, by February 2015, the Washington Post reported that support among team owners had eroded, and league leaders expressed reluctance to make a change until the end of the 2015 season.[44] The proposal then lost all interest by 2017.[45]

The league eventually revisited and implemented the 14-team playoff format in 2020, placing a third wild-card team in each conference, and only giving the top seed a bye (as explained above).[46][47]

NFL playoff appearances

Correct as of the end of the 2023 regular season (including 2023–24 playoff berths).

Appearances by active teams

Team Appearances[48]
Dallas Cowboys 36
Green Bay Packers 36
Pittsburgh Steelers 34
New York Giants 33
Cleveland / St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams 32
Minnesota Vikings 31
Philadelphia Eagles 30
San Francisco 49ers 30
Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts 29
Boston / New England Patriots 28[B]
Chicago Bears 27[C]
Cleveland Browns 25[D][E]
Houston Oilers / Tennessee Titans 25[B]
Boston / Washington Redskins / Washington Football Team / Washington Commanders 25
Kansas City Chiefs 25[B]
Miami Dolphins 25
Oakland / Los Angeles / Las Vegas Raiders 23[B]
Denver Broncos 22
Buffalo Bills 22[B]
San Diego / Los Angeles Chargers 20[B]
Seattle Seahawks 20
Detroit Lions 18[C]
Cincinnati Bengals 16
Baltimore Ravens 15[E]
Atlanta Falcons 14
New Orleans Saints 14
New York Jets 14[B]
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 13
Chicago / St. Louis / Arizona Cardinals 11
Carolina Panthers 8
Jacksonville Jaguars 8
Houston Texans 7
  1. ^ Green Bay Packers have a total of 13 NFL championships:[1]
    Pre-Playoffs Era (1920-1932): 3
    Playoffs pre-Super Bowl Era (1933-1965): 6
    Super Bowl Era (1966-present): 4
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Includes American Football League postseason appearances. Per the conditions of the AFL–NFL merger, all history, playoffs, and records of the AFL were incorporated into the NFL.
  3. ^ a b Does not include the appearance in the 1932 NFL Playoff Game. The NFL officially records it as an additional regular-season game[49]
  4. ^ The NFL does not officially recognize the Cleveland Browns' playoff appearances and records from 1946 to 1949 when they were part of the All-America Football Conference.
  5. ^ a b The Baltimore Ravens were originally the Cleveland Browns, and moved to Baltimore in 1996. Due to an agreement with the city of Cleveland that allowed the club to move, the Browns' name, colors, and team history/records were left for a new Cleveland Browns team while the team, personnel, and staff of the old Browns team were allowed to move to Baltimore. As such, the Ravens are considered to have begun play in 1996 while the current Cleveland Browns are considered to have joined the NFL in 1950, were inactive from 1996 to 1998, and resumed play as a new team in 1999.

Current playoff appearance streaks

  • Bold italics including longest streak indicates that the streak is also the team's longest-ever streak for consecutive playoff seasons.
Current consecutive Playoff appearances
Seasons 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
9 Kansas City Chiefs' longest streak
5 Buffalo Bills
4 Tampa Bay Buccaneers
3 San Francisco 49ers
3 Dallas Cowboys
3 Philadelphia Eagles
2 Baltimore Ravens
2 Miami Dolphins
1 Detroit
1 Cleveland
1 LA Rams
1 Houston
1 Pittsburgh
1 Green Bay
Seasons 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Breakdown by division

2023 season
Division AFC Seasons NFC Seasons
East Buffalo Bills
Miami Dolphins
5
2
Dallas Cowboys
Philadelphia Eagles
3
3
North Baltimore Ravens
Cleveland Browns
Pittsburgh Steelers
2
1
1
Detroit Lions
Green Bay Packers
1
1
South Houston Texans 1 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 4
West Kansas City Chiefs 9 San Francisco 49ers
Los Angeles Rams
3
1

All-time streaks of accomplishment

Notable current streaks in the table are listed below in bold. Only the longest streak for each team is listed. Note that the regular season increased from 14 to 16 games in 1978, then to the current 17 in 2021, and teams only played 9 regular-season games in 1982.

All streaks can be verified on the team pages at Pro-Football-Reference.com.[50]

Most consecutive playoff appearances all time

Streaks can be verified at Pro Football Reference.com Team Franchise Pages[50]

Italics= Streak is ongoing as of 2023 NFL season.


Streak
Length
Teams
11 Patriots
9 Cowboys · Colts · Chiefs
8 49ers · Packers · Rams · Steelers
7 Oilers (Titans)
6 Bills · Browns · Raiders · Vikings
5 Dolphins (x 3) · Seahawks (x 2) · Bears · Bengals · Broncos · Eagles · Ravens
4 Buccaneers (x 2) · Chargers · Giants · Jaguars · Redskins (Commanders) · Saints
3 Lions (x 2) · Falcons · Panthers
2 Jets (x 5) · Cardinals (x 4) · Texans (x 3)


Timeline for each team's longest streak.

Teams' longest consecutive playoff appearances all time
1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
Chi. Cards 2 Detroit Lions 3 NY Jets 2 St. L. Cards 2 NY Jets 2 NY Jets 2 Buffalo Bills 6
Cleveland Browns 6 Washington Redskins 4 Dallas Cowboys 9 Houston Oilers 7
Pittsburgh Steelers 8
Los Angeles Rams 8 San Francisco 49ers 8
Oakland Raiders 6
Minnesota Vikings 6 S. D. Chargers 4 Chicago Bears 5 Detroit Lions 3
Miami Dolphins 5 Miami Dolphins 5
Bold and light blue is an Active Streak
Teams' longest consecutive playoff appearances all time
1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
Indianapolis Colts 9 Cincinnati Bengals 5
Jacksonville Jaguars 4 Philadelphia Eagles 5 New York Giants 4 Green Bay Packers 8
Tampa Bay Bucs 4 New England Patriots 11 Tampa Bay Bucs 4
San Diego Chargers 4 Kansas City Chiefs 9
Miami Dolphins 5 Baltimore Ravens 5 Carolina Panthers 3
NY Jets 2 NY Jets 2 Denver Broncos 5
Arizona Cards 2 Atlanta Falcons 3 Arizona Cards 2
Seattle Seahawks 5 Seattle Seahawks 5 New Orleans Saints 4
Houston Texans 2 Houston Texans 2 Houston Texans 2

Longest consecutive streak with a playoff win

Streaks can be verified at Pro Football Reference.com Team Franchise Pages[50]


Streak
Length
Teams
8 Patriots
6 Cowboys · Chiefs
5 Eagles · Packers · Raiders · Ravens · Seahawks
4 Bills (x 2) · Steelers · Vikings
3 49ers (x 4) · Chargers · Dolphins (x 2) · Giants · Rams · Washington
2 Bears (x 2) · Bengals · Broncos (x 2) · Browns (x 3) · Buccaneers · Cardinals · Colts (x 4) · Falcons · Jaguars · Jets · Lions · Panthers · Saints · Texans · Titans (Oilers) (x 4)

Timeline for each team's longest streak.

Teams' longest consecutive seasons with a playoff win all time (minimum 2 seasons)
1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Chicago Bears 2 Detroit Lions 2 Cleveland Browns 2 Baltimore Colts 2 Houston Oilers 2 Cleveland Browns 2 Baltimore Colts 2 Oakland Raiders 5 Houston Oilers 2
Miami Dolphins 3 Los Angeles Rams 3
Teams' longest consecutive seasons with a playoff win all time (minimum 2 seasons)
1980s 1990s 2000s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
San Diego Chargers 3 Chicago Bears 2 Denver Broncos 2 San Francisco 49ers 3 Dallas Cowboys 6 Minnesota Vikings 4 Indianapolis Colts 2
New York Giants 3 Houston Oilers 2 Buffalo Bills 4 Pittsburgh Steelers 4 Jacksonville Jaguars 2 Philadelphia Eagles 5
Cleveland Browns 2 Washington Redskins 3 Green Bay Packers 5 Miami Dolphins 3 Tennessee Titans 2
San Francisco 49ers 3 San Francisco 49ers 3
Denver Broncos 2
Bold and light blue is an Active Streak
Teams' longest consecutive seasons with a playoff win all time (minimum 2 seasons)
2000s 2010s 2020s
8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
Baltimore Ravens 5 Indianapolis Colts 2 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2
Arizona Cardinals 2 New England Patriots 8 Cincinnati Bengals 2
New York Jets 2 San Francisco 49ers 3 Carolina Panthers 2 Atlanta Falcons 2 Kansas City Chiefs 6
Seattle Seahawks 5 New Orleans Saints 2 Buffalo Bills 4
Houston Texans 2

See also

References

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Further reading