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Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed

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"Lord Ahmed" redirects here. Not to be confused with Tariq Ahmad, Baron Ahmad of Wimbledon.

The Right Honourable
The Lord Ahmed
Official portrait, 2018
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
Life peerage[a]
13 October 1998 – 14 November 2020
Personal details
Born
Nazir Ahmed

(1957-04-24) 24 April 1957 (age 67)[2]
Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
NationalityBritish
Political partyNon-affiliated[3] (2013–2020)
Other political
affiliations		Labour (until 2013)
SpouseSakina Bibi
Children3
ResidenceRotherham
Alma materSheffield Polytechnic
OccupationProperty development and management [3]
Criminal information
Criminal statusReleased from prison 5 May 2023
Conviction(s)
Criminal charge
Penalty5 years and 6 months imprisonment reduced to 2 years and 6 months on appeal

Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed (Urdu: نذیر احمد , born 24 April 1957) is a former Labour politician and convicted sex offender. He was appointed a life peer in 1998 by the Labour Government.

Many of his political activities related to the Muslim community both in the UK and abroad. In 2013, he alleged that he was the victim of a Jewish conspiracy for receiving a prison sentence as a result of a 2007 traffic incident in which he was convicted in relation to the death of another driver. Ahmed claimed that "My case became more critical because I went to Gaza to support Palestinians. My Jewish friends who own newspapers and TV channels opposed this." As a result, alongside his custodial sentence he was suspended from, and later resigned from, the Labour Party, who said that it "deplores and does not tolerate any sort of racism or anti-Semitism."

He faced expulsion from the House of Lords in 2020 on account of sexually exploiting a woman who had approached him in 2017 in his capacity as a member of the House, and resigned from the House after a recommendation of its Conduct Committee that he be expelled, but before it was implemented.[4] However, he continued to be a life peer, although not a member of the House.[1] On 5 January 2022 he was found guilty of historical sex offences, committed when he was a teenager, being the attempted rape of a child under 13 years of age and sexual assault of another.[5] He was sentenced to five years and six months in prison, reduced on appeal to two years and six months.

Early life

Ahmed was born in Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan on 24 April 1957 to Haji Sain Mohammed and Rashim Bibi. His parents migrated the family to the United Kingdom when he was 2 and he has lived in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, since 1959. He attended Spurley Hey Comprehensive School, then Thomas Rotherham Sixth Form College.[6] He studied for a degree in public administration at Sheffield Polytechnic and joined the Labour Party when he was 18 years old.[7][8]

Politics

In 1990 Ahmed began his political career as a local Labour Party councillor, becoming the chair of the South Yorkshire Labour Party in 1993 and holding both positions until 2000. He founded the British Muslim Councillors' Forum and was a magistrate between 1992 and 2000.[2] He was the first Asian councillor in Rotherham and the town's youngest magistrate.[9] He enjoyed backing from the Pakistan government, and was known for lobbying in the British Parliament on the Kashmir issue on Pakistan's behalf. This advocacy included holding anti-India protests outside the Indian Embassy in London.[10][11][12][13] He claims to have changed the policies of the Labour Party to the extent that, for the first time in British history, Kashmir was discussed on the floor of the conference.[14] He is associated with the Justice Foundation, which organised that conference and whose director at that time was Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai – a Pakistani Kashmir lobbyist arrested by the USA for spying and illegal lobbying, and according to US prosecutors the Justice Foundation's Kashmir Centres in UK, USA and Saudi Arabia are run on behalf of the Pakistani government and its military intelligence Inter-Services Intelligence Agency.[15]

Ahmed was created a life peer, Baron Ahmed, of Rotherham in the County of South Yorkshire, on 3 August 1998.[16] Although there have been many claims that he was the first Muslim life peer,[7] including by Ahmed himself,[17] or the first male Muslim peer,[2] he was in fact the third Muslim life peer; the other two, Baroness Uddin and Lord Alli, were raised to the Peerage on 18 July[18] whereas Lord Ahmed was so raised on 3 August.[19] There have been earlier Muslim hereditary peers, the first being the 3rd Baron Stanley of Alderley in 1869.

He led the first delegation on behalf of the British Government on the Muslim pilgrimage of the Hajj.[20] At home, he spoke on wider equality issues, and spoke several times on issues of race, religion and gender; he advocated legislation against religious discrimination[21] and forced marriage.[22]

He tried to calm tensions following the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in 2001.[7] However, on 23 February 2005, he hosted a book launch in the House of Lords for the controversial Swedish writer Israel Shamir, during which the latter claimed, among other things: "The Jews like an Empire.... This love of Empire explains the easiness Jews change their allegiance.... Simple minds call it 'treacherous behaviour', but it is actually love of Empire per se." Shamir also claimed, "Jews... own, control and edit a big share of mass media", a statement that was to be echoed by Lord Ahmed in 2012.[23] Although this invitation raised some controversy, Ahmed firmly refused to discuss the matter.[24]

In August 2006 he was a signatory to an open letter to prime minister Tony Blair criticising the UK's foreign policy.[25]

On 19 June 2007 Ahmed criticised the honouring of Salman Rushdie with a knighthood because of what he saw as Rushdie's offensiveness to Islam.[26] He was reported to have said, "It's hypocrisy by Tony Blair, who two weeks ago was talking about building bridges to mainstream Muslims, and then he's honouring a man who has insulted the British public and been divisive in community relations."[27] "This man not only provoked violence around the world because of his writings, but there were many people who were killed around the world. Forgiving and forgetting is one thing, but honouring the man who has blood on his hands, sort of, because of what he did, I think is going a bit too far." He also said on BBC Radio 4's PM programme that he had been appalled by the award to a man he accused of having 'blood on his hands'.[26][28]

In September 2007, Ahmed flew to Islamabad with Pakistan's former prime minister Nawaz Sharif, in a bid to end Sharif's exile from the country by military ruler Pervez Musharraf, who had ousted him in a coup d'état. He negotiated with police to allow Sharif to enter the airport terminal and pass through customs, but Sharif was arrested later, and deported.[29]

After the reform of the House of Lords, Ahmed took over from Lord Sudeley to act as Host for the Forum for Stable Currencies.[30]

In November 2007 Ahmed was involved in a diplomatic effort to secure the release of Gillian Gibbons from custody in Sudan. The teacher, Gillian Gibbons, allowed her class to name a teddy bear Muhammad. Ahmed, from Britain's ruling Labour Party, and Baroness Warsi, an opposition Conservative, visited Khartoum and had a meeting with the President of Sudan. Miss Gibbons, who had been given a fifteen-day prison sentence, was released after eight days following a Presidential pardon and allowed to return to the UK.[31]

In June 2008, the political editor of Newsnight, Michael Crick, reported that Ahmed had been rumoured to be preparing to defect to the Conservative Party, but that he had denied this.[32]

On 13 May 2013, two days before he was scheduled to appear before the Labour National Executive Committee in relation to antisemitic remarks he allegedly made in an interview on television in Pakistan, Ahmed resigned from the Labour party, saying that he could not expect a fair hearing.[33]

Activities

Ahmed has operated as a property developer concurrent with his political career.[7] He was a supporter of Fauji Foundation and the affairs of the Pakistan Army throughout. Ahmed has exploited various charitable causes and has been on the board of several organisations, including a period as president of South Yorkshire Victim Support and as a trustee of the British Heart Foundation.[2] He resigned from his position as a trustee of the Joseph Interfaith Foundation in March 2013 as a result of the allegations of antisemitism.[34]

Controversies

In December 2001, Ahmed claimed that his phone had been tapped by the government because of his opposition to its intervention in Afghanistan. He claimed he had a heated conversation with Foreign Office minister Denis MacShane, during which MacShane claimed to have transcripts of Ahmed's private conversations. The government denied that Ahmed was under surveillance, and MacShane said that his remarks had been misinterpreted.[35]

In 2002, Ahmed was accused by campaign group Baby Milk Action of changing his position on Nestlé's sale of baby milk in Pakistan at a time when he was negotiating a paid advisory role with the company:[36] he subsequently became a consultant.[37]

On 25 July 2005, Ahmed, while interviewing with Robert Siegel on National Public Radio, said that the suicide bombers of 7/7 had an "identity crisis" and that "unfortunately, our imams and mosques have not been able to communicate the true message of Islam in the language that these young people can understand."[38] Christopher Orlet of The American Spectator did not agree with Ahmed's "identity crisis". He said, "That's not an identity crisis, Lord Ahmed, that's religious psychopathy. That's a bloodthirstiness that makes Dracula look like a teetotaler."[39] Ahmed did acknowledge, "the community leaders and religious leaders, who have kept very close contacts with South Asia and the Middle East rather than keeping a good contact with the British society where we live."[38]

On 30 November 2006, the New Statesman reported a claim by fellow Muslim and Labour parliamentarian Shahid Malik that Ahmed had campaigned against him during the Dewsbury election in 2005. He alleged that Ahmed instead backed Sayeeda Warsi, vice-chair of the Conservative Party, the daughter of a personal friend. According to the New Statesman's report, Warsi "welcomed Lord Ahmed's support". The New Statesman also printed Ahmed's denial, saying "I never told any constituent of Dewsbury to vote for the Tories".[40]

On 3 February 2009, Melanie Phillips, a newspaper columnist, claimed that Ahmed had threatened to mobilise 10,000 Muslims to prevent anti-Islamist Dutch MP Geert Wilders from entering the House of Lords to speak at a screening of the film Fitna. Wilders had been invited by a peer to debate issues of social inclusion.[41] This claim was later denied by Ahmed, but the House of Lords authorities had determined to provide adequate security, if necessary. In the event, the film Fitna was broadcast as planned, but Wilders was denied entry to the UK, thus leading many commentators to deplore the action by the Home Secretary Jacqui Smith as appeasement.[42][43]

Imprisonment for dangerous driving

On 25 December 2007, Ahmed was involved in a crash on the M1 motorway near Rotherham in which Martin Gombar, 28, was killed. Gombar's car had been involved in a crash and he had left it in the outer lane. Apparently trying to return to his vehicle from the hard shoulder he was hit by Ahmed, who was driving his Jaguar X-Type. Ahmed's wife and mother, who were passengers in the car, also received minor injuries.[44]

On 1 December 2008, Ahmed appeared at Sheffield Magistrates' Court on a charge of dangerous driving. Ahmed admitted sending and receiving five text messages on his phone while driving two minutes before the crash, and pleaded guilty. He was banned from driving until his sentencing. On 22 December, Sheffield Magistrates' Court referred the case for sentencing at Sheffield Crown Court on 19 January due to its "aggravating features".[45] This was later put back until 25 February.[46] Ahmed was sentenced to 12 weeks in prison, which meant he would serve six weeks in jail, and he was disqualified from driving for 12 months.[47][48]

On 12 March 2009 Ahmed’s sentence was varied by the Court of Appeal. Lady Justice Hallett said it was important to state that Ahmed's offence was one of dangerous driving, not of causing death by dangerous driving. Hallett said that there was "little or nothing" Ahmed could have done to avoid the collision and that after being knocked unconscious, he had come to and "risked his life trying to flag down other vehicles to stop them colliding with the Audi or his car". She said that while his prison sentence had been justified, the court had been persuaded it could now take an "exceptional" course and suspend the sentence for 12 months.[49] He was released (subject to the suspended sentence) 16 days into his original sentence.[50]

In subsequent interviews, Ahmed incorrectly stated that he had no criminal record and that his sentence was overturned.[51]

Bounty allegation

A Pakistani newspaper, The Express Tribune, erroneously alleged that Ahmed said "If the US can announce a reward of $10 million for the captor of Hafiz Saeed, I can announce a bounty of £10 million on President Obama and his predecessor George Bush", at a business meeting in Haripur, Pakistan, on 15 April 2012.[52] On learning of these allegations, the Labour Party immediately suspended Ahmed pending a formal investigation.[53] He later responded by stating "I'm shocked and horrified that this whole story could be just made up of lies...." Ahmed went on to say that he was not issuing a bounty but rather calls for the prosecution of George W. Bush and Tony Blair due to the "war crimes committed in Iraq and Afghanistan" in what he considers to be "illegal wars".[54]

Video footage of the meeting, released on 18 April, showed that Ahmed had been misquoted and instead had said, "Even if I have to beg I am willing to raise and offer £10 million so that George W Bush and Tony Blair can be brought to the International Court of Justice on war crimes charges."[55] The same day, The Express Tribune offered a "clarification" that it had "erroneously reported" Ahmed's statement and that their reporter had incorrectly cited the name of Obama. The article stated that the newspaper "deeply regretted" its mistake.[56] His suspension was revoked on 25 June 2012.[57]

Malala accusation

In November 2012 Ahmed claimed that the attempted assassination of Malala Yousafzai by the Pakistani Taliban (not the main Afghan Taliban), might have been carried out by unnamed official elements in Pakistan as part of an effort to discredit the Pakistani Taliban. He subsequently accepted that he gave the speech whilst having "no idea what happened" and that this was not the case.[58]

Jewish conspiracy comments

On 14 March 2013, The Times newspaper in London revealed that Ahmed had blamed a Jewish conspiracy for his driving conviction. In an interview given in Urdu, broadcast on a Pakistani television channel in April 2012, the peer claimed that he was jailed because of pressure on the courts by Jewish owned media: "My case became more critical because I went to Gaza to support Palestinians. My Jewish friends who own newspapers and TV channels opposed this." He also alluded to further Jewish involvement regarding the judge, claiming that Mr Justice Wilkie was specifically selected to judge his case having previously been appointed to the high court after helping a "Jewish colleague" of former Labour prime minister Tony Blair during an important case. The Times pointed out that both of these claims about the judge were factually false.[47][59]

Reactions were negative. Katie Wheatley, a criminal law expert, said that if Ahmed had made such claims in Britain he could have faced prosecution for a hate crime.[47] The Labour party immediately suspended him, saying it "deplores and does not tolerate any sort of racism or anti-Semitism." Jewish organisations condemned the comments, with the Board of Deputies of British Jews saying, "We are appalled by Lord Ahmed's alleged comments which recall the worst Jewish conspiracy theories."[59] In contrast, the chairman of the UK-based Kashmir Watch International was reported by The Nation, an English-language Pakistani paper, as saying, "Lord Ahmed has, in fact, been made the target of a deep-rooted vendetta by the rivals – mostly the Jews lobby for his "crime" of exposing the increased anti-Muslim approach and policies of the Jews including their backed British media."[60]

Ahmed's initial response was that he had no recollection of making the comments and that he would have to examine the transcripts with his solicitors.[47] On 18 March he resigned from the Joseph Interfaith Foundation as a result of the allegations.[34] At about the same time, he ceased to be a member of the International Expert Team of the Institute Research of Genocide, Canada.[61]

Among the pieces written in the immediate aftermath of the revelation was one by Mehdi Hasan in The Huffington Post which claimed that antisemitism within some otherwise well-integrated sections of the British Muslim community was commonplace.[62] In the 28 March interview with Ahmed resulting from this article, Ahmed apologised, describing his comments as "completely unacceptable" and the product of a "twisted mind". He could not explain why he had made the comments.[63]

His appearance before Labour's National Executive Committee to determine whether his suspension should be lifted or whether he should be expelled was due to take place on 15 May.[64] On 9 May, it was reported that he was considering preempting the hearing by leaving the Labour Party[65] and on 13 May he resigned from the party.[33]

Allegations of sexual impropriety

In February 2019, Ahmed was accused of using his position in the House of Lords to have sex with vulnerable women. One of the women, Tahira Zaman, explained how the pair went on to have an intimate sexual relationship after she had approached Ahmed for help with a personal matter in February 2017. A second woman, who wanted to remain anonymous, also alleged that when she asked Ahmed for help he suggested she should spend the night at his London home which she refused as she interpreted this as a proposition for sex. Ahmed denied acting inappropriately. House of Lords Commissioner for Standards, Lucy Scott-Moncrieff, found Tahira Zaman's accusations credible and substantial, but no further action was then taken against Ahmed as his actions did not relate to his parliamentary duties.[66]

Convictions of attempted rape and sexual assault

On 1 March 2019, Ahmed was charged with two offences of attempted rape and one offence of indecent assault between 1971 and 1974. The alleged victims were at the time a boy and a girl, both under the age of 13. The incidents reportedly took place between 1971 and 1974 while Ahmed was a teenager aged between 14 and 17 living in Rotherham.[67][68]

He appeared at Sheffield Magistrates' Court with co-accused two brothers also facing charges on 19 March 2019; they were all granted bail to appear at Sheffield Crown Court on 16 April.[68] On that date, his trial was fixed for 2 December 2019 and he was released on bail.[69] His elder brother, Mohammed Farouq, was charged with four counts of indecent assault against a boy under the age of eight.[68] Another elder brother, Mohammed Tariq, was charged with two counts of indecent assault against a boy under 11. Ahmed stood trial in February 2021 after his initial trial dates in 2020 were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[70][71] He denied the allegations. His brothers were judged unfit to stand trial by the judge and instead faced a trial of the facts. On 22 February, the jury in the trial were discharged for legal reasons.[72] Ahmed stood trial again in November 2021 when he continued to deny the allegations against him.[73] On 5 January 2022 he was found guilty of attempted rape of a girl and of a serious sexual assault upon a boy.[5] On 4 February 2022, Mr Justice Lavender sentenced Ahmed to five years and six months in prison.[74]

An appeal against the sentence was lodged and in March 2023 the Court of Appeal ruled that the three-and-a-half-year sentence imposed for the charge of buggery was excessive as he was still a child himself when the offence was committed and that the trial judge should have taken this into account when sentencing Ahmed. The sentences of two years for the attempted rapes offences were unchanged, resulting in the total sentence being reduced from five and a half years to two and a half years.[75]

An appeal against the conviction was heard in July 2023 and was dismissed by the Court of Appeal.[76]

Ahmed's male victim, and the Muslim Women's Network UK, called for him to lose his title over his conviction.[77] Under the House of Lords rules, a member convicted of a serious criminal offence resulting in a jail sentence of at least one year can be expelled from the House;[78][79] though an expelled peer still retains their title, which can only be removed by an act of parliament.[80]

Departure from House of Lords

The Conduct Committee of the House of Lords considered in 2020 a complaint from a member of the public who had approached Lord Ahmed in 2017 in his capacity as a member of the House. Her complaint was that he "initially made unwanted physical contact of a sexual nature with her and later held out the promise of using his influence to help her, when in fact his aim was to have sex with her". The Commissioner concluded that on the balance of probabilities Lord Ahmed's actions put him "in breach of the Code by failing to act on his personal honour". The Committee on 17 November 2020 published its report, recommending that "Lord Ahmed be expelled from the House under Standing Order 12".[81] It was the first time that expulsion of a peer from the House of Lords had been recommended.[82]

After seeing the report, and before any action was taken, Lord Ahmed resigned from the House of Lords.[4] He continues to hold the title of a life peer.[1][83]

In 2024, while imprisoned, Ahmed appealled to the European Court of Human Rights, seeking to have the Parliamentary report overturned on the basis that the Lords investigation had breached his right to privacy and had "devastating consequences for his private and family life." The court rejected Ahmed's appeal.[84]

Family life

Ahmed married Sakina Bibi in 1974. They have a daughter and two sons.[85] As of 2008, he lived in Rotherham.[45]

Notes

  1. ^ Although no longer a member of the House of Lords after his resignation, Ahmed has retained his title as a life peer.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Rother Valley MP calls for Lord Ahmed to be stripped of peerage after guilty verdict". ITV News. 5 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d "The Lord Ahmed's Biography". Debrett's.
  3. ^ a b "Lord Ahmed". Parliament of the United Kingdom.
  4. ^ a b "Lord Ahmed retires from Parliament days before expulsion". BBC News. 17 November 2020. retired from Parliament after seeing a conduct report recommending he be expelled
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  6. ^ Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Debrett's Peerage Limited. 2 March 2019. ISBN 9781870520737 – via Google Books.
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  36. ^ "Labour peer under fire for Nestlé link". The Guardian. 19 March 2002.
  37. ^ Register of Lords' Interests: As on 16 July 2004. House of Lords: The Stationery Office. 16 July 2004. p. 2. ISBN 9780104849576.
  38. ^ a b "Muslim Lord: Restrict Hatemongers". NPR. 25 July 2005.
  39. ^ "Dark Angels". The American Spectator. 28 July 2005. Archived from the original on 6 June 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
  40. ^ "Labour peer urged support for Tories in 2005 election". New Statesman. 30 November 2006.
  41. ^ "The intimidation of the House of Lords". The Spectator. 3 February 2009. Archived from the original on 6 February 2009.
  42. ^ "Silencing free speech". The Guardian. 13 February 2009.
  43. ^ "Britain deports Dutch 'provocateur'". International Herald Tribune. 12 February 2009.
  44. ^ "Peer involved in fatal M1 crash". BBC News. 27 December 2007.
  45. ^ a b "Texting death crash peer in court". BBC News. 22 December 2008. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
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  47. ^ a b c d "Muslim peer Lord Ahmed blames Jewish conspiracy for jailing him". The Times. 14 March 2013.
  48. ^ "Lord Ahmed admits sending text message while driving just before fatal crash". The Telegraph. 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009.
  49. ^ "Labour peer freed by court of appeal in dangerous driving case". The Guardian. 12 March 2009.
  50. ^ "Jailed Peer Ahmed Freed Early From Prison". Sky News. 12 March 2009.
  51. ^ InFocus, Lord Ahmed. Islam Channel. March 2009. Event occurs at 24:28. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021.
  52. ^ "'Sterling' bounty offered for Obama, Bush". The Express Tribune. 15 April 2012.
  53. ^ "British Peer Lord Ahmed suspended after 'offering £10m bounty on Barack Obama and George Bush'". The Telegraph. 16 April 2012.
  54. ^ "Suspended Labour peer Lord Ahmed 'horrified' by bounty claim". BBC News. 16 April 2012.
  55. ^ "Footage sheds light on bounty allegation". The Telegraph. 18 April 2012. Archived from the original on 18 April 2012.
  56. ^ "Clarification: Lord Nazir Ahmed's statement in Haripur". Express Tribune. 18 April 2012.
  57. ^ "Labour lifts Lord Ahmed's suspension". BBC News. 30 June 2012.
  58. ^ "Schoolgirl Malala Yousafzai could be victim of government plot, Labour peer claimed". The Telegraph. 1 November 2012. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012.
  59. ^ a b "Labour peer Lord Ahmed suspended after 'Jewish claims'". BBC News. 14 March 2013.
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  64. ^ "Lord Ahmed claims he won't get fair hearing". Asian Image. 1 May 2013.
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  66. ^ Watson, Richard (14 February 2019). "Lord Ahmed 'took advantage' of vulnerable women". BBC Newsnight.
  67. ^ Norfolk, Andrew; Azeez, Anasudhin (1 March 2019). "Controversial peer Lord Ahmed charged with child sex offences". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  68. ^ a b c Syal, Rajeev (19 March 2019). "Lord Ahmed appears in court charged with child sexual offences". The Guardian.
  69. ^ "Lord Ahmed of Rotherham to face trial on child sex charges". BBC News. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  70. ^ "Lord Ahmed child abuse trial delayed until January". www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  71. ^ "Trial of Rotherham peer Lord Nazir Ahmed delayed until July". www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
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  74. ^ "Lord Ahmed: Ex-Labour peer jailed for child sex offences". BBC News. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  75. ^ Vinter, Robyn (17 March 2023). "Peer Nazir Ahmed's jail term for 1970s sexual assault cut by three years". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  76. ^ "Lord Ahmed: Disgraced peer fails in bid to overturn conviction". BBC News. 11 July 2023.
  77. ^ Khan, Yasminara; Snelling, Sophie (3 February 2022). "Lord Ahmed: Victim calls for peer to lose title". BBC News. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  78. ^ "House of Lords Reform Act 2014", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 2014 c. 24
  79. ^ "House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 2015 c. 14
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  82. ^ "UK committee publishes scathing report on Lord Nazir". Dawn Newspaper. 18 November 2020.
  83. ^ "Pak-origin Nazir Ahmed faced expulsion from UK House of Lords for alleged sexual assault, quits". Hindustan Times. 17 November 2020.
  84. ^ Crisp, James (19 September 2024). "Privacy rights breach claim by Tory Brexiteer thrown out by European court". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  85. ^ Debrett's People of Today 2012. Debrett's. 2011. p. 12.
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