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Coordinates: 20°15′40″S 146°01′12″E / 20.26111°S 146.02000°E / -20.26111; 146.02000
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{{Distinguish|Far North Queensland}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
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{{Use Australian English|date=April 2012}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2008}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
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{{Use Australian English|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox Australian place
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = region
| type = region
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| area = 80041.5
| area = 80041.5
| est =
| est =
| lga =
| lga = [[Shire of Burdekin|Burdekin]], [[Charters Towers Region|Charters Towers]], [[Shire of Hinchinbrook|Hinchinbrook]], [[Mackay Region|Mackay]], [[Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island|Palm Island]], [[City of Townsville|Townsville]], [[Cairns Region|Cairns]]
* [[Shire of Burdekin|Burdekin]]
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Whitsunday|Whitsunday]], [[Electoral district of Burdekin|Burdekin]], [[Electoral district of Hinchinbrook|Hinchinbrook]], [[Electoral district of Mackay|Mackay]]
* [[Charters Towers Region|Charters Towers]]
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| fedgov = [[Division of Dawson|Dawson]], [[Division of Kennedy|Kennedy]]
* [[Shire of Hinchinbrook|Hinchinbrook]]
* [[Mackay Region|Mackay]]
* [[Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island|Palm Island]]
* [[City of Townsville|Townsville]]
| stategov =
* [[Electoral district of Burdekin|Burdekin]]
* [[Electoral district of Hinchinbrook|Hinchinbrook]]
* [[Electoral district of Mackay|Mackay]]
* [[Electoral district of Mundingburra|Mundingburra]]
* [[Electoral district of Thuringowa|Thuringowa]]
* [[Electoral district of Townsville|Townsville]]
* [[Electoral district of Whitsunday|Whitsunday]]
| fedgov =
* [[Division of Dawson|Dawson]]
* [[Division of Herbert|Herbert]]
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* [[Division of Kennedy|Kennedy]]
| logo =
| logo =
| url =
| url =
}}
}}
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'''North Queensland''' or the '''Northern Region''' is the northern part of the Australian state of [[Queensland]] that lies just south of [[Far North Queensland]]. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and the [[Tropical North Queensland|tropical northern part]] of it has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.


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'''North Queensland''' or the '''Northern Region''' is the northern part of the Australian state of [[Queensland]] that lies just south of [[Far North Queensland]]. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its [[Tropical North Queensland|tropical northern part]] has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.
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[[Townsville]] is the largest urban centre in North Queensland, leading it to be regarded as an unofficial capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/SLQ:SLQ_PCI_EBSCO:slq_alma21117126250002061|title=The second capital of Queensland : Townsville futures plan|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> The region has a population of 231,628 and covers {{convert|80,041.5|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="absnrpn">{{cite web |url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@nrp.nsf/lookup/345Main+Features12006-2010 |title=National Regional Profile: Northern |date=1 November 2011 |work= |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=3 February 2012 }}</ref>

⚫
[[Townsville]] is the largest urban centre in North Queensland, leading it to be regarded as an unofficial capital.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/SLQ:SLQ_PCI_EBSCO:slq_alma21117126250002061 |title=The second capital of Queensland: Townsville futures plan |access-date=19 January 2017}}</ref> The region has a population of 231,628 and covers {{convert|80041.5|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="absnrpn">{{cite web |url=http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@nrp.nsf/lookup/345Main+Features12006-2010 |title=National Regional Profile: Northern |date=1 November 2011 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=3 February 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Castle Hill Townsville.jpg|thumb|left|Suburbs of Townsville around [[Castle Hill, Queensland|Castle Hill]]]]
[[File:Castle Hill Townsville.jpg|thumb|left|Suburbs of Townsville around [[Castle Hill, Queensland|Castle Hill]]]]
[[File:Proserpine-Sugar-Mill-1196.jpg|thumb|There a number of sugar mills in the region, including one at [[Proserpine, Queensland|Proserpine]]]]
[[File:Proserpine-Sugar-Mill-1196.jpg|thumb|There a number of sugar mills in the region, including one at [[Proserpine, Queensland|Proserpine]]]]
There is no official boundary that separates North Queensland from the rest of the state. Unofficially it is usually considered to have a southern border beginning south of the [[Mackay Region]] southern boundary, but historically it has been as far south as [[Rockhampton]]. To the north is the [[Far North Queensland]] region, centred on [[Cairns]] and out west is the [[Gulf Country]].
There is no official boundary that separates North Queensland from the rest of the state. Unofficially it is usually considered to have a southern border beginning south of the [[Mackay Region]] southern boundary, but historically it has been as far south as [[Rockhampton]]. To the north is the [[Far North Queensland]] region, centred on [[Cairns]] and out west is the [[Gulf Country]].


A coastal region centred on its largest settlement is the city of Townsville. The city is the location of a major [[seaport]] handling exports from mines in [[Mount Isa]] and cattle exports from coastal and inland areas. The region also contains a bulk sugar exporting terminal at [[Lucinda, Queensland|Lucinda]] in the region's north. [[Mackay, Queensland|Mackay]] and [[Shire of Burdekin|the Burdekin region]] are Australia's sugar capital and produces the most sugar in [[Australia]] and is shipped at Mackay Harbour. Mackay is also one of Australia's biggest coal exporters as it is close to Queensland's major mines. Dalrymple Bay, south of Mackay is another port where coal and sugar is exported. It also contains the inland city of [[Charters Towers, Queensland|Charters Towers]] and the coastal towns of [[Ayr, Queensland|Ayr]] and [[Ingham, Queensland|Ingham]]. The [[Shire of Burdekin|Burdekin]] is centred on the two towns of [[Ayr, Queensland|Ayr]] and [[Home Hill, Queensland|Home Hill]] and while producing the largest amount of sugar, also produces seasonal fruit such as [[Lychee]]s and [[Mango]]s in Summer/wet season.
A coastal region centred on its largest settlement is the city of Townsville. The city is the location of a major [[seaport]] handling exports from mines in [[Mount Isa]] and cattle exports from coastal and inland areas. The region also contains a bulk sugar exporting terminal at [[Lucinda, Queensland|Lucinda]] in the region's north.<ref name="pot">{{cite web |url=https://www.townsville-port.com.au/ |title=Port of Townsville |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012054309/https://www.townsville-port.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Mackay, Queensland|Mackay]] and [[Shire of Burdekin|the Burdekin region]] are Australia's sugar capital and produces the most sugar in [[Australia]] and is shipped at Mackay Harbour. Mackay is also one of Australia's biggest coal exporters as it is close to Queensland's major mines. [[Abbot Point]], north of Bowen, is a large, coal exporting port.<ref name="poap">{{cite web |url=https://nqbp.com.au/our-ports/abbot-point |title=Port of Abbot Point |website=North Queensland Bulk Port Corporation |access-date=10 October 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012061314/https://nqbp.com.au/our-ports/abbot-point |url-status=live }}</ref> Dalrymple Bay, south of Mackay is another port where coal is exported.<ref name="dbct">{{cite web |url=https://www.dbct.com.au/ |title=Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal |access-date=10 October 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012054308/https://www.dbct.com.au/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also contains the inland city of [[Charters Towers, Queensland|Charters Towers]] and the coastal towns of [[Ayr, Queensland|Ayr]] and [[Ingham, Queensland|Ingham]]. The [[Shire of Burdekin|Burdekin]] is centred on the two towns of [[Ayr, Queensland|Ayr]] and [[Home Hill, Queensland|Home Hill]] and while producing the largest amount of sugar, also produces seasonal fruit such as [[Lychee]]s and [[Mango]]s in summer, which is the wet season.


Other communities in North Queensland include [[Home Hill, Queensland|Home Hill]], [[Sarina, Queensland|Sarina]], [[Bowen, Queensland|Bowen]], [[Ayr, Queensland|Ayr]], and [[Proserpine, Queensland|Proserpine]]. [[Great Palm Island]] is home to the largest discreet Indigenous community in Australia.<ref name="pia">{{cite web |url=https://www.palmcouncil.qld.gov.au/palm |title=About Palm |website=Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012054309/https://www.palmcouncil.qld.gov.au/palm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Wallaman Falls]] located near [[Wallaman, Queensland|Wallaman]], is Australia's highest, permanent single-drop waterfall.<ref name="wfgnp">{{cite web |url=https://parks.des.qld.gov.au/parks/girringun-wallaman |title=Wallaman Falls, Girringun National Park |date=19 May 2021 |website=Department of Environment and Science |publisher=Government of Queensland |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325035033/https://www.npsr.qld.gov.au/parks/girringun-wallaman/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Other communities in North Queensland include [[Home Hill, Queensland|Home Hill]], [[Sarina, Queensland|Sarina]], [[Bowen, Queensland|Bowen]], [[Ayr, Queensland|Ayr,]] and [[Proserpine, Queensland|Proserpine]]. [[Abbot Point]], north of Bowen, is a large, coal exporting port undergoing significant expansion.


<br />
[[File:Proserpine, Queensland.jpg|left|thumb|524x524px|Proserpine, a town in North Queensland and gateway to the Whitsunday Region. A potential site for government buildings for a future NQ state.]]
[[File:Proserpine, Queensland.jpg|left|thumb|524x524px|Proserpine, a town in North Queensland and gateway to the Whitsunday Region. A potential site for government buildings for a future NQ state.]]


==History==
==History==
[[Gugu Badhun language|''Gugu Badhun'']] (also known as ''Koko-Badun'' and ''Kokopatun'') is an [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian Aboriginal language]] of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of [[Charters Towers Region]], particularly the localities of [[Greenvale, Queensland|Greenvale]] and the [[Valley of Lagoons]], and in the [[Upper Burdekin River]] area and in [[Abergowrie, Queensland|Abergowrie]].<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/65|title=Gugu Badhun|author=|date=|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
[[Gugu Badhun language|''Gugu Badhun'']] (also known as ''Koko-Badun'' and ''Kokopatun'') is an [[Australian Aboriginal languages|Australian Aboriginal language]] of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of [[Charters Towers Region]], particularly the localities of [[Greenvale, Queensland|Greenvale]] and the [[Valley of Lagoons]], and in the [[Upper Burdekin River]] area and in [[Abergowrie, Queensland|Abergowrie]].<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/65|title=Gugu Badhun|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>


''[[Kuku Yalanji language|Kuku Yalanji]]'' (also known as ''Gugu Yalanji'', ''Kuku Yalaja'', and ''Kuku Yelandji'') is an Australian Aboriginal language of the [[Mossman, Queensland|Mossman]] and [[Daintree, Queensland|Daintree]] areas of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of [[Shire of Douglas]] and [[Shire of Cook]], particularly the localities of Mossman, Daintree, [[Bloomfield River]], China Camp, [[Maytown, Queensland|Maytown]], [[Palmer, Queensland|Palmer]], [[Cape Tribulation, Queensland|Cape Tribulation]] and [[Wujal Wujal]].<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/66|title=Kuku Yalanji|author=|date=|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=28 January 2020}}</ref>
''[[Warrgamay language|Warrgamay]]'' (also known as ''Waragamai'', ''Wargamay'', ''Wargamaygan'', ''Biyay'', and ''Warakamai'') is an Australian Aboriginal language in North Queensland. The language region includes the [[Herbert River]] area, [[Ingham, Queensland|Ingham]], [[Hawkins Creek, Queensland|Hawkins Creek]], [[Long Pocket, Queensland|Long Pocket]], Herbert Vale, Niagara Vale, Yamanic Creek, Herbert Gorge, [[Cardwell, Queensland|Cardwell]], [[Hinchinbrook Island]] and the adjacent mainland.<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/140|title=Warrgamay|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=5 February 2020}}</ref>


''[[Yidiny language|Yidinji]]'' (also known as ''Yidinj'', ''Yidiny'', and ''Idindji'') is an Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of [[Cairns Region]] and [[Tablelands Region]], in such localities as [[Cairns]], [[Gordonvale, Queensland|Gordonvale]], the southern part of the [[Atherton Tableland]] including [[Atherton, Queensland|Atherton]] and [[Kairi, Queensland|Kairi]].<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/163|title=Yidinji|author=|date=|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>
[[Yuru language|Yuru]] (also known as ''Juru, Euronbba, Juru, Mal Mal, Malmal'') is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Yuru country. The Yuru language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the [[Shire of Burdekin]], including the town of [[Home Hill, Queensland|Home Hill]].''<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/174|title=Yuru|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref>''


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Captain James Cook passed by the region in 1770, naming several places including Magnetic Island and Cape Cleveland.<ref name="cht">{{cite web |url=http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/townsville/heritage/townsville/Pages/chronology.aspx |title=Chronological history of Townsville, 1770 to 1900 |publisher=Townsville City Council |access-date=3 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528061236/http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/townsville/heritage/townsville/pages/chronology.aspx |archive-date=28 May 2014 }}</ref> [[Allan Cunningham (botanist)|Allan Cunningham]] was the first European to explore parts of the region. [[John Mackay (Australian pioneer)|John Mackay]] explored the [[Pioneer Valley]] near Mackay in 1860.<ref name=qpn>{{cite QPN|20426|Mackay|access-date=3 June 2014}}</ref>
[[Yir-Yoront language|''Yir Yiront'']] (also known as ''Yiront'', ''Jirjoront'', ''Yir-yiron''t, and ''Kokomindjan'') is an Australian Aboriginal language. Its traditional language region is in Western Cape York within the local government areas of [[Aboriginal Shire of Kowanyama]] and [[Shire of Cook]], in the catchments of the [[Coleman River (Queensland)|Coleman River]] and [[Mitchell River (Queensland)|Mitchell River]]. Following the removal of Aboriginal people from their traditional lands, it is also spoken in [[Pormpuraaw, Queensland|Pormpuraaw]] and [[Kowanyama, Queensland|Kowanyama]].<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/164|title=Yir Yiront|author=|date=|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=30 January 2020}}</ref>


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The first settlement in the region was established at Port Denison in 1861, at what is now known as Bowen.<ref name="cht"/> In 1865, the first surveys of what was to become Townsville were conducted.<ref name="ashot"/> In 1871, gold was discovered at Charters Towers. This led to much development for the town and for Townsville which served as a major port and service centre as both the pastoral and sugar industry spread along the coast.<ref name="cht"/> Work on the [[Great Northern Railway (Mt Isa line)|Great Northern Railway]] from Townsville to [[Mount Isa]] began in 1879 with a small section opening the following year.<ref name="ashot">{{cite web |url=http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/facilities/libraries/history/Documents/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Thuringowa_web.pdf |title=A Short History of Thuringowa |publisher=Thuringowa City Council |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606214825/http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/facilities/libraries/history/Documents/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Thuringowa_web.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[Yuru language|Yuru]] (also known as ''Juru, Euronbba, Juru, Mal Mal, Malmal'') is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Yuru country. The Yuru language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the [[Shire of Burdekin]], including the town of [[Home Hill, Queensland|Home Hill]].''<ref>{{Cite SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://maps.slq.qld.gov.au/iyil/view/174|title=Yuru|author=|date=|website=Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map|access-date=23 January 2020}}</ref>''


An Immigration Port was established at Bowen in 1866.<ref name="bow">{{cite web |url=https://www.qld.gov.au/firstnations/cultural-awareness-heritage-arts/community-histories/community-histories-a-b/community-histories-bowen |title=Bowen |date=8 April 2015 |publisher=The State of Queensland |access-date=9 October 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012062815/https://www.qld.gov.au/firstnations/cultural-awareness-heritage-arts/community-histories/community-histories-a-b/community-histories-bowen |url-status=live }}</ref> This was because Queensland sugar plantations relied heavily on Pacific Island labour. At first [[blackbirding]] was standard practice, until the trade became voluntary. Over 40 years about 60,000 [[Kanaka (Pacific Island worker)|kanakas]] were brought to Queensland to work.<ref name="jft">{{cite news |last=Jordan |first=Frank |date=2 August 2018 |title=Justice for the kanakas: Australia's 'invisible' Melanesians |url=https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/justice-kanakas-australia%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98invisible%E2%80%99-melanesians |work=[[Green Left (Australian newspaper)|Green Left]] |access-date=9 October 2023 |archive-date=12 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012054309/https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/justice-kanakas-australia%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98invisible%E2%80%99-melanesians |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Captain James Cook passed by the region in 1770, naming several places including Magnetic Island and Cape Cleveland.<ref name="cht">{{cite web |url=http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/townsville/heritage/townsville/Pages/chronology.aspx |title=Chronological history of Townsville, 1770 to 1900 |publisher=Townsville City Council |accessdate=3 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528061236/http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/townsville/heritage/townsville/pages/chronology.aspx |archivedate=28 May 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[Alan Cunningham (botanist)|Alan Cunningham]] was the first European to explore parts of the region. [[John Mackay (Australian pioneer)|John Mackay]] explored the [[Pioneer Valley]] near Mackay in 1860.<ref name=qpn>{{cite QPN|20426|Mackay|accessdate=3 June 2014}}</ref>


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In July 1942, Japanese naval flying boats conducted [[Air raids on Australia, 1942–43#Attacks on north Queensland, July 1942|air raids]] on Townsville.<ref name="tjbod">{{cite web |url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/japanese-bombing-of-darwin |title=The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia |date=30 June 2012 |work=australia.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=3 June 2014 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606213520/http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/japanese-bombing-of-darwin |url-status=live }}</ref>
⚫
The first settlement in the region was established at Port Denison in 1861, at what is now known as Bowen.<ref name="cht"/> In 1865, the first surveys of what was to become Townsville were conducted.<ref name="ashot"/> In 1871, gold was discovered at Charters Towers. This led to much development for the town and for Townsville which served as a major port and service centre as both the pastoral and sugar industry spread along the coast.<ref name="cht"/> Work on the [[Great Northern Railway (Mt Isa line)|Great Northern Railway]] from Townsville to [[Mount Isa]] began in 1879 with a small section opening the following year.<ref name="ashot">{{cite web |url=http://www.townsville.qld.gov.au/facilities/libraries/history/Documents/A%20Short%20History%20of%20Thuringowa_web.pdf |title=A Short History of Thuringowa |publisher=Thuringowa City Council |accessdate=3 June 2014 }}</ref>

⚫
In July 1942, Japanese naval flying boats conducted [[Air raids on Australia, 1942–43#Attacks on north Queensland, July 1942|air raids]] on Townsville.<ref name="tjbod">{{cite web |url=http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/japanese-bombing-of-darwin |title=The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia |date=30 June 2012 |work=australia.gov.au |publisher=Australian Government |accessdate=3 June 2014 }}</ref>


The [[Perc Tucker Regional Gallery]] was established at Townsville in 1981 and the [[TYTO Regional Art Gallery]] at Ingham opened in 2011.
The [[Perc Tucker Regional Gallery]] was established at Townsville in 1981 and the [[TYTO Regional Art Gallery]] at Ingham opened in 2011.

The [[North Queensland Cowboys]] entered the [[Australian Rugby League]] in 1995.


== Tourism ==
== Tourism ==
{{Further|Tourism in Queensland}}
The region has a number of significant tourist attractions including the [[Great Barrier Reef]] and reef islands, rainforests in the [[Wet Tropics of Queensland]], [[Eungella]], [[Magnetic Island]], and the [[Whitsunday Islands]]. The region has 36 national parks.
The region has a number of significant tourist attractions including the [[Great Barrier Reef]] and reef islands, rainforests in the [[Wet Tropics of Queensland]], [[Eungella National Park|Eungella]], [[Magnetic Island]], and the [[Whitsunday Islands]]. The region has 36 national parks.


== Transport ==
== Transport ==
[[File:StateLibQld 1 78999 Carry bridge going over a flooded river on the Great Northern Railway line, 1930s.jpg|thumb|Flooding disrupts the [[Great Northern Railway (Mt Isa line)|Great Northern Railway]] in the 1930s]]
[[File:StateLibQld 1 78999 Carry bridge going over a flooded river on the Great Northern Railway line, 1930s.jpg|thumb|Flooding disrupts the [[Great Northern Railway (Mt Isa line)|Great Northern Railway]] in the 1930s]]
The region is serviced by [[Townsville Airport]] which is ranked as the 11th busiest airport in Australia. The airport was granted international status in 1980. Along the coast, the [[Bruce Highway]] passes from the south through to the north of the region. The [[Flinders Highway, Queensland|Flinders Highway]] links Townsville with Charters Towers and the [[Peak Downs Highway]] extends west from Mackay.
The region is serviced by [[Townsville Airport]] which is ranked as the 11th busiest airport in Australia. The airport was granted international status in 1980 and plans to return to international services in 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Townsville Airport's Master Plan Approved by Federal Government |url=https://www.townsvilleairport.com.au/latest-news/townsville-airports-master-plan-approved-by-federal-government |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref> Along the coast, the [[Bruce Highway]] passes from the south through to the north of the region. The [[Flinders Highway, Queensland|Flinders Highway]] links Townsville with Charters Towers and the [[Peak Downs Highway]] extends west from Mackay. The [[Tilt Train]] and [[Spirit of Queensland]] travel the [[North Coast railway line, Queensland|North Coast railway line]] along the coast.


== Proposed State of North Queensland==
== Proposed State of North Queensland==
{{Main|State of North Queensland}}
{{Main|State of North Queensland}}


Throughout the years, there have been many calls for the formation of a new state. Many proposals have been drawn up, regarding the borders, name and the debate over which town will become the capital.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au!nqld.html |title = North Queensland State Flag proposals |accessdate=2008-10-19 |date= |work= |publisher= }}</ref>
Throughout the years, there have been many calls for the formation of a new state. Many proposals have been drawn up, regarding the borders, name and the debate over which town will become the capital.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au!nqld.html |title = North Queensland State Flag proposals |access-date = 2008-10-19 |archive-date = 23 January 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070123180454/http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/au!nqld.html |url-status = live }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 74: Line 92:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{-}}
{{Clear}}
{{North Queensland}}
{{North Queensland}}
{{Queensland}}
{{Queensland}}

Revision as of 01:14, 12 September 2024

Not to be confused with Far North Queensland.

North Queensland
Queensland
Queensland's regions
Population231,628 (2011)[1]
 • Density2.893849/km2 (7.495034/sq mi)
Area80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi)
LGA(s)
State electorate(s)
Federal division(s)

North Queensland or the Northern Region is the northern part of the Australian state of Queensland that lies just south of Far North Queensland. Queensland is a massive state, larger than many countries, and its tropical northern part has been historically remote and undeveloped, resulting in a distinctive regional character and identity.

Townsville is the largest urban centre in North Queensland, leading it to be regarded as an unofficial capital.[2] The region has a population of 231,628 and covers 80,041.5 km2 (30,904.2 sq mi).[1]

Geography

Suburbs of Townsville around Castle Hill
There a number of sugar mills in the region, including one at Proserpine

There is no official boundary that separates North Queensland from the rest of the state. Unofficially it is usually considered to have a southern border beginning south of the Mackay Region southern boundary, but historically it has been as far south as Rockhampton. To the north is the Far North Queensland region, centred on Cairns and out west is the Gulf Country.

A coastal region centred on its largest settlement is the city of Townsville. The city is the location of a major seaport handling exports from mines in Mount Isa and cattle exports from coastal and inland areas. The region also contains a bulk sugar exporting terminal at Lucinda in the region's north.[3] Mackay and the Burdekin region are Australia's sugar capital and produces the most sugar in Australia and is shipped at Mackay Harbour. Mackay is also one of Australia's biggest coal exporters as it is close to Queensland's major mines. Abbot Point, north of Bowen, is a large, coal exporting port.[4] Dalrymple Bay, south of Mackay is another port where coal is exported.[5] It also contains the inland city of Charters Towers and the coastal towns of Ayr and Ingham. The Burdekin is centred on the two towns of Ayr and Home Hill and while producing the largest amount of sugar, also produces seasonal fruit such as Lychees and Mangos in summer, which is the wet season.

Other communities in North Queensland include Home Hill, Sarina, Bowen, Ayr, and Proserpine. Great Palm Island is home to the largest discreet Indigenous community in Australia.[6] Wallaman Falls located near Wallaman, is Australia's highest, permanent single-drop waterfall.[7]

Proserpine, a town in North Queensland and gateway to the Whitsunday Region. A potential site for government buildings for a future NQ state.

History

Gugu Badhun (also known as Koko-Badun and Kokopatun) is an Australian Aboriginal language of North Queensland. The language region includes areas within the local government area of Charters Towers Region, particularly the localities of Greenvale and the Valley of Lagoons, and in the Upper Burdekin River area and in Abergowrie.[8]

Warrgamay (also known as Waragamai, Wargamay, Wargamaygan, Biyay, and Warakamai) is an Australian Aboriginal language in North Queensland. The language region includes the Herbert River area, Ingham, Hawkins Creek, Long Pocket, Herbert Vale, Niagara Vale, Yamanic Creek, Herbert Gorge, Cardwell, Hinchinbrook Island and the adjacent mainland.[9]

Yuru (also known as Juru, Euronbba, Juru, Mal Mal, Malmal) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Yuru country. The Yuru language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Shire of Burdekin, including the town of Home Hill.[10]

Captain James Cook passed by the region in 1770, naming several places including Magnetic Island and Cape Cleveland.[11] Allan Cunningham was the first European to explore parts of the region. John Mackay explored the Pioneer Valley near Mackay in 1860.[12]

The first settlement in the region was established at Port Denison in 1861, at what is now known as Bowen.[11] In 1865, the first surveys of what was to become Townsville were conducted.[13] In 1871, gold was discovered at Charters Towers. This led to much development for the town and for Townsville which served as a major port and service centre as both the pastoral and sugar industry spread along the coast.[11] Work on the Great Northern Railway from Townsville to Mount Isa began in 1879 with a small section opening the following year.[13]

An Immigration Port was established at Bowen in 1866.[14] This was because Queensland sugar plantations relied heavily on Pacific Island labour. At first blackbirding was standard practice, until the trade became voluntary. Over 40 years about 60,000 kanakas were brought to Queensland to work.[15]

In July 1942, Japanese naval flying boats conducted air raids on Townsville.[16]

The Perc Tucker Regional Gallery was established at Townsville in 1981 and the TYTO Regional Art Gallery at Ingham opened in 2011.

The North Queensland Cowboys entered the Australian Rugby League in 1995.

Tourism

Further information: Tourism in Queensland

The region has a number of significant tourist attractions including the Great Barrier Reef and reef islands, rainforests in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Eungella, Magnetic Island, and the Whitsunday Islands. The region has 36 national parks.

Transport

Flooding disrupts the Great Northern Railway in the 1930s

The region is serviced by Townsville Airport which is ranked as the 11th busiest airport in Australia. The airport was granted international status in 1980 and plans to return to international services in 2025.[17] Along the coast, the Bruce Highway passes from the south through to the north of the region. The Flinders Highway links Townsville with Charters Towers and the Peak Downs Highway extends west from Mackay. The Tilt Train and Spirit of Queensland travel the North Coast railway line along the coast.

Proposed State of North Queensland

Main article: State of North Queensland

Throughout the years, there have been many calls for the formation of a new state. Many proposals have been drawn up, regarding the borders, name and the debate over which town will become the capital.[18]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "National Regional Profile: Northern". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2012.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^ "The second capital of Queensland: Townsville futures plan". Retrieved 19 January 2017.
  3. ^ "Port of Townsville". Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Port of Abbot Point". North Queensland Bulk Port Corporation. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  5. ^ "Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal". Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  6. ^ "About Palm". Palm Island Aboriginal Shire Council. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Wallaman Falls, Girringun National Park". Department of Environment and Science. Government of Queensland. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  8. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Gugu Badhun". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  9. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Warrgamay". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  10. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Yuru". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  11. ^ a b c "Chronological history of Townsville, 1770 to 1900". Townsville City Council. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  12. ^ "Mackay (entry 20426)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  13. ^ a b "A Short History of Thuringowa" (PDF). Thuringowa City Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  14. ^ "Bowen". The State of Queensland. 8 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  15. ^ Jordan, Frank (2 August 2018). "Justice for the kanakas: Australia's 'invisible' Melanesians". Green Left. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  16. ^ "The Japanese bombing of Darwin, Broome and northern Australia". australia.gov.au. Australian Government. 30 June 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014.
  17. ^ "Townsville Airport's Master Plan Approved by Federal Government". Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  18. ^ "North Queensland State Flag proposals". Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 19 October 2008.


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