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{{Short description|Latvian communist and Soviet partisan}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name = Otomārs Oškalns
| name = Otomārs Oškalns
| birth_date =12 April 1904
| birth_date = 12 April 1904
| death_date= 1 September 1947
| death_date = 1 September 1947
| birth_place = [[Kaive Parish]], [[Governorate of Livonia]], [[Russian Empire]]
| birth_place =
| death_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]],<br> [[Soviet Union]]
| death_place = [[Riga]], [[Latvian SSR]],<br> [[Soviet Union]]
| image =
| image = Otomārs Aleksandrs Oškalns (1).jpg
| caption =
| caption =
| nickname =
| nickname = Little
| allegiance = {{flag|Soviet Union|1923}}
| allegiance = {{flag|Soviet Union|1936}}
| serviceyears = 1941–1945
| serviceyears = 1941–1945
| rank =
| rank =
| commands =
| commands =
| unit = 3rd Latvian partisan brigade
| unit = 3rd Latvian partisan brigade
| battles =
| battles = [[World War II]]
⚫
| awards = * [[Hero of the Soviet Union]]
[[World War II]]
⚫
| awards = {{Hero of the Soviet Union}}
* [[Order of Lenin]]
* [[Order of Lenin]]
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]] II class
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]] II class
| laterwork =
| laterwork =
}}
}}


'''Otomārs Oškalns''' (12 April 1904 — 1 September 1947) was a prominent Latvian communist and [[Soviet partisans|partisan]] fighter<ref name=autogenerated2>Ошкалн Отомар Петрович // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. Т.19. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1975. стр.53</ref>.
'''Otomārs Aleksandrs Oškalns''' (12 April 1904 — 1 September 1947) was a prominent Latvian communist and [[Soviet partisans|partisan]] fighter.<ref name=autogenerated2>Ошкалн Отомар Петрович // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. Т.19. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1975. стр.53</ref>


He was one of three Latvian Soviet partisans who became [[Hero of the Soviet Union|Heroes of the Soviet Union]]<ref>А.К. Рашкевиц. За Советскую Латвию // Советские партизаны: из истории партизанского движения в годы Великой Отечественной войны / ред.-сост. В.Е. Быстров, ред. З.Н. Политов. М., Госполитиздат, 1961. стр.590-630</ref>.
He was one of three Latvian Soviet partisans who became [[Hero of the Soviet Union|Heroes of the Soviet Union]].<ref>А.К. Рашкевиц. За Советскую Латвию // Советские партизаны: из истории партизанского движения в годы Великой Отечественной войны / ред.-сост. В.Е. Быстров, ред. З.Н. Политов. М., Госполитиздат, 1961. стр.590-630</ref>


== Life ==
== Life ==
Since 1925 worked as a school teacher<ref name=autogenerated2 />.
Born in to the family of a farm laborer, in 1925 Oškalns received his teacher's exam.<ref name=autogenerated2 />


In 1934 he was arrested for political activities after the [[1934 Latvian coup d'état|Ulmanis Coup]].
⚫
Since 1939 - communist<ref name=autogenerated2 />.

In 1939 he joined the [[Communist Party of Latvia]], and in 1940 he became a member of the [[Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Latvian SSR]]. After [[Nazi Germany]] [[German occupation of Latvia during World War II|invaded]] Latvia in 1941, Oškalns was active as a leader of communist partisans. from April 30, 1942 he was commissar of the Latvian Soviet partisan detachment "For Soviet Latvia" ("Par Padomju Latviju"), which operated as part of the 2nd Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Later, he was the commander of the 3rd Latvian partisan brigade. Member of the Task Force of the Central Committee of the CPL (b).

In 1944, Oškalns became the first secretary of the Riga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia. After the war, In 1946 he became the Minister of Technical Cultures of the Latvian SSR and a deputy of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|title="Otomārs Oškalns" Zemgale Communist (September 3, 2007)|url=http://data.lnb.lv/nba01/ZemgalesKomunists/1947/ZemgKomun1947-144.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=April 21, 2021|archive-date=September 20, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070920024036/http://data.lnb.lv/nba01/ZemgalesKomunists/1947/ZemgKomun1947-144.pdf}}</ref>

⚫
He is buried in [[Riga]].<ref name=autogenerated2 />


== Awards ==
== Awards ==
* [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] (1945)<ref name=autogenerated2 />
* [[Hero of the Soviet Union]] (1945)<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref name=autogenerated1 />
* [[Order of Lenin]]<ref name=autogenerated2 />
* [[Order of Lenin]]<ref name=autogenerated2 />
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]] II class
* [[Order of the Patriotic War]] II class
Line 37: Line 44:


== Memory ==
== Memory ==
Small bronze [[Bust (sculpture)|monument]] was erected in [[Jēkabpils]] after his death<ref name=autogenerated1>Ошкалнс Отомар Петрович // Герои Советского Союза: краткий биографический словарь в 2-х тт. / редколл., предс. И.Н. Шкадов. том 2. М., Воениздат, 1988. стр.216</ref>.
Small bronze [[Bust (sculpture)|monument]] was erected in [[Jēkabpils]] after his death.<ref name=autogenerated1>Ошкалнс Отомар Петрович // Герои Советского Союза: краткий биографический словарь в 2-х тт. / редколл., предс. И.Н. Шкадов. том 2. М., Воениздат, 1988. стр.216</ref>


After his death, Riga's [[Zemitāni Station|second largest railway station]] was named after him<ref>В сражениях за Советскую Латвию. Рига, "Лиесма", 1975. стр.207</ref>.
After his death, Riga's [[Zemitāni Station|second largest railway station]] was named after him.<ref>В сражениях за Советскую Латвию. Рига, "Лиесма", 1975. стр.207</ref>


When Latvia became independent in 1991, Oškalns was viewed as a Soviet collaborator, and his name was stripped from the [[Zemitāni Station|railway station]]. Monuments to him were also removed from public locations.
When Latvia became independent in 1991, Oškalns was viewed as a Soviet collaborator, and his name was stripped from the [[Zemitāni Station|railway station]]. Monuments to him were also removed from public locations.
Line 49: Line 56:
*[[Communist Party of Latvia]]
*[[Communist Party of Latvia]]


== Sources ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=5238 Ошкалнс Отомар Петрович] / сайт "Герои страны" (russian)
* [http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=5238 Ошкалнс Отомар Петрович] / сайт "Герои страны" (Russian)


{{Authority control}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Oskalns, Otomars}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oskalns, Otomars}}
⚫
[[Category:Latvian communists]]
⚫
[[Category:Soviet Latvian partisans]]
⚫
[[Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Cēsis Municipality]]

[[Category:People from Kreis Wenden]]

[[Category:Communist Party of Latvia politicians]]
{{Latvia-politician-stub}}
[[Category:People's commissars and ministers of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the People's Saeima]]
[[Category:Second convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]]
⚫
[[Category:Soviet Army officers]]
⚫
[[Category:Soviet Latvian partisans]]
⚫
[[Category:Heroes of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin]]

Latest revision as of 19:38, 12 July 2023

Otomārs Oškalns
Nickname(s)Little
Born12 April 1904
Kaive Parish, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire
Died1 September 1947
Riga, Latvian SSR,
Soviet Union
Allegiance Soviet Union
Years of service1941–1945
Unit3rd Latvian partisan brigade
Battles/warsWorld War II
Awards

Otomārs Aleksandrs Oškalns (12 April 1904 — 1 September 1947) was a prominent Latvian communist and partisan fighter.[1]

He was one of three Latvian Soviet partisans who became Heroes of the Soviet Union.[2]

Life

[edit]

Born in to the family of a farm laborer, in 1925 Oškalns received his teacher's exam.[1]

In 1934 he was arrested for political activities after the Ulmanis Coup.

In 1939 he joined the Communist Party of Latvia, and in 1940 he became a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian SSR. After Nazi Germany invaded Latvia in 1941, Oškalns was active as a leader of communist partisans. from April 30, 1942 he was commissar of the Latvian Soviet partisan detachment "For Soviet Latvia" ("Par Padomju Latviju"), which operated as part of the 2nd Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Later, he was the commander of the 3rd Latvian partisan brigade. Member of the Task Force of the Central Committee of the CPL (b).

In 1944, Oškalns became the first secretary of the Riga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Latvia. After the war, In 1946 he became the Minister of Technical Cultures of the Latvian SSR and a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.[3]

He is buried in Riga.[1]

Awards

[edit]

Memory

[edit]

Small bronze monument was erected in Jēkabpils after his death.[4]

After his death, Riga's second largest railway station was named after him.[5]

When Latvia became independent in 1991, Oškalns was viewed as a Soviet collaborator, and his name was stripped from the railway station. Monuments to him were also removed from public locations.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Ошкалн Отомар Петрович // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. Т.19. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1975. стр.53
  2. ^ А.К. Рашкевиц. За Советскую Латвию // Советские партизаны: из истории партизанского движения в годы Великой Отечественной войны / ред.-сост. В.Е. Быстров, ред. З.Н. Политов. М., Госполитиздат, 1961. стр.590-630
  3. ^ ""Otomārs Oškalns" Zemgale Communist (September 3, 2007)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2007. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  4. ^ a b Ошкалнс Отомар Петрович // Герои Советского Союза: краткий биографический словарь в 2-х тт. / редколл., предс. И.Н. Шкадов. том 2. М., Воениздат, 1988. стр.216
  5. ^ В сражениях за Советскую Латвию. Рига, "Лиесма", 1975. стр.207
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