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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{short description|19th-century German composer and conductor}}
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[[File:Otto Nicolai.jpg|thumb|upright|Otto Nicolai]]
[[File:Otto Nicolai.jpg|thumb|upright|Otto Nicolai in 1842]]

'''Carl Otto Ehrenfried Nicolai''' (9 June 1810&nbsp;– 11 May 1849) was a German composer, conductor, and founder of the [[Vienna Philharmonic]]. Nicolai is best known for his operatic version of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s comedy ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' as ''{{Lang|de|[[The Merry Wives of Windsor (opera)|Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor]]}}''. In addition to five operas, Nicolai composed [[lied]]er, works for orchestra, [[Choir|chorus]], [[Musical ensemble|ensemble]], and solo instruments.
'''Carl Otto Ehrenfried Nicolai''' (9 June 1810&nbsp;– 11 May 1849) was a German composer, conductor, and one of the founders of the [[Vienna Philharmonic]]. Nicolai is best known for his operatic version of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s comedy ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]'' as ''{{Lang|de|[[The Merry Wives of Windsor (opera)|Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor]]}}''. In addition to five operas, Nicolai composed [[lied]]er, works for orchestra, [[Choir|chorus]], [[Musical ensemble|ensemble]], and solo instruments.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=662}}


==Biography==
==Biography==
{{moresources|section|date=January 2018}}
{{more citations needed|section|date=January 2018}}
{{Expand German|topic=bio|Otto Nicolai|date=November 2023}}
Nicolai, a child prodigy, was born in [[Königsberg]], [[Prussia]]. He received his first musical education from his father, Carl Ernst Daniel Nicolai, who was also a composer and musical director. During his childhood his parents divorced, and while still a youth, early in June 1826, Nicolai ran away from his parents' "loveless" home,<ref>[http://www.ostdeutsche-biographie.de/nicoot99.htm Biographical on-line note] {{de icon}}</ref> taking refuge in [[Stargard Szczeciński|Stargard]] with a senior legal official called August Adler who treated the musical prodigy like a son and, when Nikolai was seventeen, sent him to Berlin to study with [[Carl Friedrich Zelter]].{{cn|date=January 2018}}
Nicolai, a child prodigy, was born in [[Königsberg]], [[Prussia]]. He received his first musical education from his father, Carl Ernst Daniel Nicolai, who was also a composer and musical director. During his childhood his parents divorced, and while still a youth, early in June 1826, Nicolai ran away from his parents' "loveless" home,<ref>[http://www.ostdeutsche-biographie.de/nicoot99.htm Biographical on-line note] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213235554/http://www.ostdeutsche-biographie.de/nicoot99.htm |date=13 February 2008 }} {{in lang|de}}</ref> taking refuge in [[Stargard Szczeciński|Stargard]] with a senior legal official called August Adler who treated the musical prodigy like a son and, when Nicolai was seventeen, sent him to Berlin to study with [[Carl Friedrich Zelter]].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}


After initial successes in Germany, including his first symphony (1831) and public concerts, he became musician to the Prussian embassy in Rome. When Verdi declined the libretto of ''Il proscritto'' by the proprietors of La Scala in Milan, it was offered instead to Nicolai. Later, Nicolai refused a libretto by the same author, and it went to Verdi, whose ''[[Nabucco]]'' was his first early success. All of Nicolai's operas were originally written in Italian, the sole exception being his last and best known opera, ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'', written in German. At one time he was more popular in Italy than Verdi himself was.<ref>[[John Cargher]]. "The Italian job", ''[[ABC Radio 24 Hours]]'', November 2001, pg. 42<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref>
After initial successes in Germany, including his first symphony (1831) and public concerts, he became musician to the Prussian embassy in Rome. When Verdi declined the libretto of ''Il proscritto'' by the proprietors of La Scala in Milan, it was offered instead to Nicolai. Later, Nicolai refused a libretto by the same author, and it went to Verdi, whose ''[[Nabucco]]'' was his first early success. All of Nicolai's operas were originally written in Italian, the sole exception being his last and best known opera, ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'', written in German. At one time he was even more popular in Italy than Verdi.<ref>[[John Cargher]]. "The Italian job", ''[[ABC Radio 24 Hours]]'', November 2001, p. 42</ref>


During the early 1840s, Nicolai established himself as a major figure in the concert life of Vienna. In 1844 he was offered the position, vacated by [[Felix Mendelssohn]], of [[Kapellmeister]] at the [[Berlin Cathedral]]; but he did not reestablish himself in Berlin until the last year of his life.{{cn|date=January 2018}}
During the early 1840s, Nicolai established himself as a major figure in the concert life of Vienna. In 1844 he was offered the position, vacated by [[Felix Mendelssohn]], of [[Kapellmeister]] at the [[Berlin Cathedral]]; but he did not reestablish himself in Berlin until the last year of his life.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}


On 11 May 1849, two months after the premiere of ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'', and only two days after his appointment as ''Hofkapellmeister'' at the [[Berlin State Opera|Berlin Staatsoper]], he collapsed and died from a stroke. On the very same day of his death, he was elected a member of the [[Prussian Academy of Arts|Royal Prussian Academy of Arts]].{{cn|date=January 2018}}
On 11 May 1849, two months after the premiere of ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'', and only two days after his appointment as ''Hofkapellmeister'' at the [[Berlin State Opera|Berlin Staatsoper]], he collapsed and died from a stroke. On the same day of his death, he was elected a member of the [[Prussian Academy of Arts|Royal Prussian Academy of Arts]].{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}


Nicolai was portrayed by [[Hans Nielsen (actor)|Hans Nielsen]] in the 1940 film ''[[Falstaff in Vienna]].
Nicolai was portrayed by [[Hans Nielsen (actor)|Hans Nielsen]] in the 1940 film ''[[Falstaff in Vienna]]''.


==Works==
==Works==
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|{{Hs|Tempelritter}}''Der Tempelritter'' (revision of ''Il templario'')||&nbsp;||3 acts||{{Hs|Kapper}}Siegfried Kapper||1845||{{Hs|1845-12-20}}20 December 1845||Vienna, Theater am Kärntnertor
|{{Hs|Tempelritter}}''Der Tempelritter'' (revision of ''Il templario'')||&nbsp;||3 acts||{{Hs|Kapper}}Siegfried Kapper||1845||{{Hs|1845-12-20}}20 December 1845||Vienna, Theater am Kärntnertor
|-
|-
|{{Hs|Lustigen}}''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor (opera)|Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor]]''||komische-fantastische Oper||3 acts||{{Hs|Mosenthal}}[[Salomon Hermann Mosenthal]], after [[William Shakespeare]], ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''||1845–1846||{{Hs|1849-03-09}}9 March 1849||Berlin, [[Berlin State Opera|Hofoper]]
|{{Hs|Lustigen}}''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor (opera)|Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor]]''||komisch-phantastische Oper||3 acts||{{Hs|Mosenthal}}[[Salomon Hermann Mosenthal]], after [[William Shakespeare]], ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''||1845–1846||{{Hs|1849-03-09}}9 March 1849||Berlin, [[Berlin State Opera|Hofoper]]
|}
|}


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* Six sonatas for two horns: from the Handel Knot-Farquharson Cousins ms (re(?)published by Edition Kunzelmann in 1977.)
* Six sonatas for two horns: from the Handel Knot-Farquharson Cousins ms (re(?)published by Edition Kunzelmann in 1977.)
* [[Mass (music)|Mass]] in [[D major]] (1832/1845). (Recorded on the label Koch Schwann in 1981, subsequently reissued on compact disc. Published by Augsburg : A. Böhm in 1986.)
* [[Mass (music)|Mass]] in [[D major]] (1832/1845). (Recorded on the label Koch Schwann in 1981, subsequently reissued on compact disc. Published by Augsburg : A. Böhm in 1986.)
* Te Deum (1832); Psalm 97, ''Der Herr ist König''; Psalm 31, ''Herr, auf Dich traue ich''; ''Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe'' (psalm and liturgical settings recorded also on Koch Schwann. Te Deum was also recorded on Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft LPM 39,170 in 1966.) Psalms 31 & 97 published by Bote & Bock of Berlin in 1977.
* Te Deum (1832); [[Psalm 97]], "Der Herr ist König"; [[Psalm 31]], "Herr, auf Dich traue ich"; "Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe" (psalm and liturgical settings recorded also on Koch Schwann. Te Deum was also recorded on Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft LPM 39,170 in 1966.) Psalms 31 & 97 published by Bote & Bock of Berlin in 1977.
* Two symphonies: No. 0 (1831) and No. 1 in D (1835, rev. 1845)
* Two symphonies: No. 0 (1831) and No. 1 in D (1835, rev. 1845)
* Concertino for Trumpet and Orchestra in Eb major (1835)


===Songs and duets===
===Songs and duets===
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'''Sources'''
'''Sources'''
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Nicolaï, Otto |volume=19 |page=662}}
*{{cite book | last=Nicolai | first=Otto | editor=Schröder, B. | title=Otto Nicolais Tagebücher nebst biographischen Ergänzungen | language=German | location=Leipzig| publisher=[[Breitkopf & Härtel]] | year=1892 | oclc=17601836}}
*{{cite book | last=Nicolai | first=Otto | editor=Schröder, B. | title=Otto Nicolais Tagebücher nebst biographischen Ergänzungen | url=https://archive.org/details/ottonicolaistag00schrgoog | language=German | location=Leipzig| publisher=[[Breitkopf & Härtel]] | year=1892 | oclc=17601836}}
*{{cite book | last=Nicolai | first=Otto |editor=Altmann Wilhelm| title=Otto Nicolai, Briefe an seinen Vater, soweit erhalten | language=German | location=Regensburg | publisher=G. Bosse | year=1924 | oclc=3463501}}
*{{cite book | last=Nicolai | first=Otto |editor=Altmann Wilhelm| title=Otto Nicolai, Briefe an seinen Vater, soweit erhalten | language=German | location=Regensburg | publisher=G. Bosse | year=1924 | oclc=3463501}}
*{{cite book | last=Sadie | first=Stanley |authorlink=Stanley Sadie| editor=Brown, Clive | title=Nicolai, Carl Otto Ehrenfried in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'' | publisher=Grove's Dictionaries of Music | year=1992 | isbn=0-333-73432-7}}
*{{cite book | last=Sadie | first=Stanley |authorlink=Stanley Sadie| editor=Brown, Clive | title=Nicolai, Carl Otto Ehrenfried in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Opera]]'' | publisher=Grove's Dictionaries of Music | year=1992 | isbn=0-333-73432-7}}

;Attribution
*{{EB1911|title=Otto, Nicolai |url=http://www.studylight.org/enc/bri/view.cgi?number=24783}}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 90: Line 93:
*{{IMSLP|id=Nicolai, Otto}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Nicolai, Otto}}
*[http://www.musicweb-international.com/Classpedia/Nicolai.htm Otto Nicolai biography and timeline] at MusicWeb Classpedia
*[http://www.musicweb-international.com/Classpedia/Nicolai.htm Otto Nicolai biography and timeline] at MusicWeb Classpedia
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=q7779}}
*{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=q7779}}
*{{IMDb name|0630211}}
*{{IMDb name|0630211}}
*{{findagrave|20628678}}
*{{find a Grave|20628678}}


{{Otto Nicolai}}
{{Otto Nicolai}}
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[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1810 births]]
[[Category:1849 deaths]]
[[Category:1849 deaths]]
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[[Category:German classical composers of church music]]
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[[Category:Musicians from Königsberg]]
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[[Category:Musicians from East Prussia]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century conductors (music)]]
[[Category:19th-century conductors (music)]]
[[Category:19th-century German musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century German composers]]
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[[Category:German classical composers]]
[[Category:German conductors (music)]]
[[Category:German conductors (music)]]
[[Category:German male classical composers]]
[[Category:German male conductors (music)]]
[[Category:German opera composers]]
[[Category:German opera composers]]
[[Category:German Romantic composers]]
[[Category:German Romantic composers]]
[[Category:German male opera composers]]
[[Category:Music directors of the Berlin State Opera]]
[[Category:Music directors of the Berlin State Opera]]
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[[Category:People from East Prussia]]
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[[Category:People from Königsberg]]
[[Category:Pupils of Bernhard Klein]]
[[Category:Pupils of Bernhard Klein]]
[[Category:Pupils of Carl Friedrich Zelter]]
[[Category:Pupils of Carl Friedrich Zelter]]

Latest revision as of 07:13, 29 May 2024

Otto Nicolai in 1842

Carl Otto Ehrenfried Nicolai (9 June 1810 – 11 May 1849) was a German composer, conductor, and one of the founders of the Vienna Philharmonic. Nicolai is best known for his operatic version of Shakespeare's comedy The Merry Wives of Windsor as Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor. In addition to five operas, Nicolai composed lieder, works for orchestra, chorus, ensemble, and solo instruments.[1]

Biography[edit]

Nicolai, a child prodigy, was born in Königsberg, Prussia. He received his first musical education from his father, Carl Ernst Daniel Nicolai, who was also a composer and musical director. During his childhood his parents divorced, and while still a youth, early in June 1826, Nicolai ran away from his parents' "loveless" home,[2] taking refuge in Stargard with a senior legal official called August Adler who treated the musical prodigy like a son and, when Nicolai was seventeen, sent him to Berlin to study with Carl Friedrich Zelter.[citation needed]

After initial successes in Germany, including his first symphony (1831) and public concerts, he became musician to the Prussian embassy in Rome. When Verdi declined the libretto of Il proscritto by the proprietors of La Scala in Milan, it was offered instead to Nicolai. Later, Nicolai refused a libretto by the same author, and it went to Verdi, whose Nabucco was his first early success. All of Nicolai's operas were originally written in Italian, the sole exception being his last and best known opera, The Merry Wives of Windsor, written in German. At one time he was even more popular in Italy than Verdi.[3]

During the early 1840s, Nicolai established himself as a major figure in the concert life of Vienna. In 1844 he was offered the position, vacated by Felix Mendelssohn, of Kapellmeister at the Berlin Cathedral; but he did not reestablish himself in Berlin until the last year of his life.[citation needed]

On 11 May 1849, two months after the premiere of The Merry Wives of Windsor, and only two days after his appointment as Hofkapellmeister at the Berlin Staatsoper, he collapsed and died from a stroke. On the same day of his death, he was elected a member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Arts.[citation needed]

Nicolai was portrayed by Hans Nielsen in the 1940 film Falstaff in Vienna.

Works[edit]

Operas[edit]

Title Genre Sub­divisions Libretto Composition Première date Place, theatre
La figlia abbandonata     1837 unfinished  
Rosmonda d'Inghilterra (given at the first performance as: Enrico II) melodramma serio 2 acts Felice Romani 1837–1838 26 November 1839 Trieste, Teatro Grande
Il templario melodramma 3 acts Girolamo Maria Marini, after Walter Scott 1839–1840 11 February 1840 Turin, Teatro Regio
Gildippe ed Odoardo melodramma 3 acts Temistocle Solera 1840 26 December 1840 Genoa
Il proscritto   3 acts Gaetano Rossi 1841 13 March 1841 Milan, La Scala
Die Heimkehr des Verbannten (revision of Il proscritto) tragische Oper 3 acts Siegfried Kapper 1843 3 February 1844 Vienna, Theater am Kärntnertor
Der Tempelritter (revision of Il templario)   3 acts Siegfried Kapper 1845 20 December 1845 Vienna, Theater am Kärntnertor
Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor komisch-phantastische Oper 3 acts Salomon Hermann Mosenthal, after William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor 1845–1846 9 March 1849 Berlin, Hofoper

Other[edit]

  • Six four-part unaccompanied lieder, Op. 6
  • Variazioni concertanti su motivi favoriti dell'opera La sonnambula di Bellini, Op. 26, for soprano, horn and piano (or cello or clarinet) (republished in 2000 by edition mf)
  • Ecclesiastical Festival Overture on the chorale "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott", Op. 31
  • Pater noster, Op. 33, for two mixed choirs (SATB/SATB) a cappella with soloists (SATB/SATB). Published by Schott Music in 1999.
  • Der dritte Psalm (Psalm 3) for alto solo. (Manuscript at Library of Congress.)
  • Six sonatas for two horns: from the Handel Knot-Farquharson Cousins ms (re(?)published by Edition Kunzelmann in 1977.)
  • Mass in D major (1832/1845). (Recorded on the label Koch Schwann in 1981, subsequently reissued on compact disc. Published by Augsburg : A. Böhm in 1986.)
  • Te Deum (1832); Psalm 97, "Der Herr ist König"; Psalm 31, "Herr, auf Dich traue ich"; "Ehre sei Gott in der Höhe" (psalm and liturgical settings recorded also on Koch Schwann. Te Deum was also recorded on Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft LPM 39,170 in 1966.) Psalms 31 & 97 published by Bote & Bock of Berlin in 1977.
  • Two symphonies: No. 0 (1831) and No. 1 in D (1835, rev. 1845)
  • Concertino for Trumpet and Orchestra in Eb major (1835)

Songs and duets[edit]

  • Wenn sanft des Abends, Op. 2a
  • Der Schäfer im Mai / Männersinn, Op. 3
  • Abschied, Op. 13
  • Auf ewig dein, Op. 14
  • Wie der Tag mir schleicht / Willkommen du Gottes Sonne / Die Schwalbe, Op. 15
  • Lebewohl / An die Entfernte / Randino / Das treue Mädchen, Op. 16
  • Schlafendes Herzenssöhnchen, Op. 19
  • Rastlose Liebe, Op. 23
  • Il duolo d'amore / Se tranquillo a te d'accanto / Il desiderio al lido op. 24
  • Die Träne, Op. 30
  • Die Beruhigung / Der getreue Bub / Stürm, stürm, du Winterwind, Op. 34
  • Der Kuckuck / Flohjammer / Du bist zu klein, mein Hänselein, Op. 35
  • Herbstlied, Op. 37

Works for piano[edit]

  • Six danses brillantes
  • Rondo capriccioso
  • Sonata in d minor Op. 27
  • Mondwalzer
  • Etude Adieu à Liszt, Op. 28
  • 3 Etudes, Op. 40

References[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ Chisholm 1911, p. 662.
  2. ^ Biographical on-line note Archived 13 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine (in German)
  3. ^ John Cargher. "The Italian job", ABC Radio 24 Hours, November 2001, p. 42

Sources

  • Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nicolaï, Otto" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 662.
  • Nicolai, Otto (1892). Schröder, B. (ed.). Otto Nicolais Tagebücher nebst biographischen Ergänzungen (in German). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. OCLC 17601836.
  • Nicolai, Otto (1924). Altmann Wilhelm (ed.). Otto Nicolai, Briefe an seinen Vater, soweit erhalten (in German). Regensburg: G. Bosse. OCLC 3463501.
  • Sadie, Stanley (1992). Brown, Clive (ed.). Nicolai, Carl Otto Ehrenfried in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera. Grove's Dictionaries of Music. ISBN 0-333-73432-7.

External links[edit]

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