Open content: Difference between revisions
Appearance
Content deleted Content added
→Technical definition: Define GFDL and link to it |
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
(427 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
⚫ | |||
'''Open content''', a [[neologism]] coined by analogy with "[[open source]]", describes any kind of [[creative work]], or [[Content (media and publishing)|content]], published in a format that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone, not exclusively by a closed organization, firm or individual. The largest open content project is [[Wikipedia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abo.psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de/virtualcollaboration/publications.php?action=view&id=44 |title=Voluntary Engagement in an Open Web-based Encyclopedia: Wikipedians, and Why They Do It |last=Schoer |first=Joachim |coauthors=Hertel, Guido |date=2007-12-03 |publisher[[University of Würzburg]] |format=PHP |accessdate=2007-03-17}}</ref> |
|||
{{Redirect category shell| |
|||
==Technical definition== |
|||
{{R from alternative name}} |
|||
{{R from merge}} |
|||
The [[Open Knowledge Foundation]] has undertaken work on a technical definition for open content. The Open Knowledge Definition (OKD) gives a set of conditions for openness in knowledge - much as the [[Open Source Definition]] does for [[open-source software]]. Content can be either in the [[public domain]] or under a [[license]] which allows re-distribution and re-use, such as [[Creative Commons]] Attribution and Attribution-Sharealike licenses or the [GNU Free Documentation License ] (GFDL). It is worth noting that the OKD covers open data as well as open content. |
|||
}} |
|||
==History== |
|||
It is possible that the first documented case of open content was the [[Royal Society]], which aspired to share information across the globe as a public enterprise.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} The term "open content" was first used in the modern context by [[David A. Wiley|David Wiley]], then a graduate student at [[Brigham Young University]], who founded the [[Open Content Project]] and put together the first content-specific (non-software) license in 1998, with input from [[Eric S. Raymond|Eric Raymond]], [[Tim O'Reilly]], and others.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} |
|||
== Free content == |
|||
{{main|free content}} |
|||
As with [[alternative terms for free software|the terms "open source" and "free software"]], some open content materials can also be described as "[[free content]]", although technically they describe different things. For example, the [[Open Directory Project]] is open content but is not free content. The main difference between licenses is the definition of ''freedom'': some licenses attempt to maximize the freedom of all potential recipients in the future (by having minor "restrictions") while others maximize the freedom of the initial recipient. |
|||
===Common content=== |
|||
The related term "common content" is occasionally used to refer to [[Creative Commons]]–licensed works. This takes after<!-- ?? --> the [[Common Content]] project, which is an attempt to collect as many such works as possible. |
|||
===Open access=== |
|||
"[[Open access (publishing)|Open access]]" refers to a special category of material, consisting of freely available published [[Peer review|peer-reviewed]] journal articles. |
|||
==Open-content search engines== |
|||
{{Expand-section|date=April 2008}} |
|||
With the increased interest in open content, many universities have started offering online video/audio courses to the general public, such as [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] and [[Princeton University]]. This has resulted in a great increase in providers of open content. The difficulty of keeping track of all such content had led to the birth of open-content search engines.<ref name="ccsearch">{{cite web |url=http://search.creativecommons.org/ |accessdate=2008-08-09 |publisher=[[Creative Commons]] |title=Creative Commons meta-search engine}}</ref> |
|||
==Licenses== |
|||
* [[Creative Commons licenses]] (11 versions) |
|||
* [[Design Science License]] |
|||
* [[Free Creations License]] (see [http://www.freecreations.org/ freecreations.org]) |
|||
* [[GNU Free Documentation License]] |
|||
* [[Open Content License]] |
|||
* [[Open Directory Project License]] — used by the [[Open Directory Project]] |
|||
* [[Open Gaming License]] — license of the [[Open Gaming Foundation]], as drafted by [[Wizards of the Coast]] |
|||
* [[Open Publication License]] — license of the [[Open Content Project]] |
|||
==See also== |
|||
* [[Digital freedom]] |
|||
⚫ | |||
* [[Open source]] |
|||
* [[Open Data]] |
|||
* [[Open catalogue]] |
|||
== References == |
|||
<references /> |
|||
==External links== |
|||
{{external links}} |
|||
{{commonscat|Open content}} |
|||
* [http://www.iosn.net/open-content/foss-open-content-primer/foss-opencontent.pdf IOSN Open Content e-Primer] — from their [http://www.iosn.net/foss-primers FOSS e-Primers Section] |
|||
* [http://turre.com/images/stories/books/webkirja_koko_optimoitu2.pdf "Community Created Content; Law, Business and Policy," by Hietanen, Oksanen and Välimäki] |
|||
* [http://pzwart.wdka.hro.nl/mdr/research/lliang/open_content_guide "A Guide To Open Content Licences," by Lawrence Liang] |
|||
* [http://www.creativecommons.org Creative Commons] — the open content idea and creative works |
|||
* [http://www.ibiblio.org ibiblio] — the open content idea as a library, from a project by UNC–Chapel Hill |
|||
* [http://lwn.net/Articles/181374/ Learning the lesson: open content licensing] — history of open content from [[Linux Weekly News]] |
|||
* [http://info.lib.uh.edu/cwb/oab.pdf ''Open Access Bibliography: Liberating Scholarly Literature with E-Prints and Open Access Journals''] |
|||
* [http://opendefinition.org/ Open Knowledge Definition: Defining the Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Information] — set of principles from [http://www.okfn.org/ the Open Knowledge Foundation] |
|||
===Major open content repositories and directories=== |
|||
* [http://ocwconsortium.org/ OpenCourseWare Consortium] — portal linking to free and openly licensed course materials from hundreds of universities worldwide |
|||
* [http://ocw.mit.edu MIT OpenCourseWare] — free and openly licensed course materials from more than 1,800 MIT courses |
|||
* [http://cnx.org Connexions] — global open-content repository started by Rice University |
|||
* [http://www.oercommons.org OER Commons] — network of open teaching and learning materials, with ratings and reviews |
|||
* [http://www.google.com/Top/Computers/Open_Source/Open_Content/ Google Directory – Open Content] |
|||
* [http://www.open.ac.uk/openlearn OpenLearn] — free and open educational resources from The Open University |
|||
* [http://ckan.net/ Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN)] — directory/registry of open data/content packages and projects |
|||
* [http://opentraining.unesco-ci.org UNESCO Open Training Platform] — network for international development issues |
|||
* [http://www.openicecat.com/ Open ICEcat catalog] — worldwide open catalog for product information |
|||
[[Category:Open content| ]] |
|||
[[Category:Digital art]] |
|||
[[Category:Copyright licenses]] |
|||
[[Category:Open source licenses]] |
|||
[[da:Åbent indhold]] |
|||
[[de:Freie Inhalte]] |
|||
[[es:Contenido abierto]] |
|||
[[fo:Opið innihald]] |
|||
[[ko:오픈 콘텐츠]] |
|||
[[id:Isi terbuka]] |
|||
[[kl:Ammasunik imalik]] |
|||
[[hu:Nyílt tartalom]] |
|||
[[mk:Отворена содржина]] |
|||
[[ms:Kandungan terbuka]] |
|||
[[nl:Open inhoud]] |
|||
[[ja:オープンコンテント]] |
|||
[[pl:Wolna dokumentacja]] |
|||
[[pt:Open content]] |
|||
[[simple:Open content]] |
|||
[[sl:Odprta vsebina]] |
|||
[[sr:Отворени садржај]] |
|||
[[fi:Avoimet sisällöt]] |
|||
[[sv:Öppet innehåll]] |
|||
[[th:เนื้อหาเปิด]] |
|||
[[tr:Açık içerik]] |
|||
[[zh:内容开放]] |
Latest revision as of 19:20, 28 September 2023
Redirect to:
This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect:
|