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{{Short description|Photographic image processing tecnhique}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2008}}
{{context|date=September 2021}}
'''Atmospheric correction''' is the process of removing the effects of the [[atmosphere]] on the reflectance values of images taken by [[satellite]] or airborne sensors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pacifici|first=F.|last2=Longbotham|first2=N.|last3=Emery|first3=W. J.|date=2014-10-01|title=The Importance of Physical Quantities for the Analysis of Multitemporal and Multiangular Optical Very High Spatial Resolution Images|journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing|volume=52|issue=10|pages=6241–6256|doi=10.1109/TGRS.2013.2295819|bibcode=2014ITGRS..52.6241P|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/research/GC/atmo/index.html |title=Atmospheric Correction |accessdate=2008-08-18 |publisher=University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080907082923/http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/research/GC/atmo/index.html| archivedate= 7 September 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Atmospheric effects in optical remote sensing are significant and complex, dramatically altering the spectral nature of the radiation reaching the remote sensor.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schowengerdt |first=Robert |date=2007 |title=Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing |publisher=Elsevier Inc |page=337 |isbn=0-12-369407-8}}</ref> There are various approaches and techniques to conducting atmospheric correction.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schowengerdt |first=Robert |date=2007 |title=Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing |publisher=Elsevier Inc |page=338 |isbn=0-12-369407-8}}</ref>
'''Atmospheric correction''' is the process of removing the scattering and absorption effects of the [[atmosphere]] on the reflectance values of images taken by [[satellite]] or airborne sensors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pacifici|first1=F.|last2=Longbotham|first2=N.|last3=Emery|first3=W. J.|date=2014-10-01|title=The Importance of Physical Quantities for the Analysis of Multitemporal and Multiangular Optical Very High Spatial Resolution Images|journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing|volume=52|issue=10|pages=6241–6256|doi=10.1109/TGRS.2013.2295819|bibcode=2014ITGRS..52.6241P|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/research/GC/atmo/index.html |title=Atmospheric Correction |access-date=2008-08-18 |publisher=University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080907082923/http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/research/GC/atmo/index.html| archive-date= 7 September 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> Atmospheric effects in optical [[remote sensing]] are significant and complex, dramatically altering the spectral nature of the radiation reaching the remote sensor.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schowengerdt |first=Robert |date=2007 |title=Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing |publisher=Elsevier Inc |page=337 |isbn=978-0-12-369407-2}}</ref> The atmosphere both absorbs and scatters various wavelengths of the visible spectrum which must pass through the atmosphere twice, once from the sun to the object and then again as it travels back up the image sensor. These distortions are corrected using various approaches and techniques, as described below.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schowengerdt |first=Robert |date=2007 |title=Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing |publisher=Elsevier Inc |page=338 |isbn=978-0-12-369407-2}}</ref>


==Examples of Atmospheric Correction Methods==
==Examples of Atmospheric Correction Methods==
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! scope="col" | Approach
! scope="col" | Approach
|-
|-
| MSS || band-to-band regression <ref>{{cite conference |last1=Potter |first1=J. F. |last2=Mendolowitz |first2=M. |date=1975 |title=On the determination of the haze levels from Landsat data |publisher=NASA United States |id=19760052102 |conference=10th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment |pages=695-703}}</ref>
| MSS || band-to-band regression <ref>{{cite conference |last1=Potter |first1=J. F. |last2=Mendolowitz |first2=M. |date=1975 |title=On the determination of the haze levels from Landsat data |publisher=NASA United States |id=19760052102 |conference=10th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment |pages=695–703}}</ref>
|-
|-
| MSS || all-band spectral covariance <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Switzer |first1=P. |last2=Kowalik |first2=W. S. |last3=Lyon |first3=R. J. |date=1981 |title=Estimation of atmospheric path radiance by the covariance matrix method |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=47 |pages=1469-1476}}</ref>
| MSS || all-band spectral covariance <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Switzer |first1=P. |last2=Kowalik |first2=W. S. |last3=Lyon |first3=R. J. |date=1981 |title=Estimation of atmospheric path radiance by the covariance matrix method |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=47 |pages=1469–1476}}</ref>
|-
|-
| airborne MSS || band-to-band regression <ref>{{cite journal |last=Potter |first=J. F. |date=1984 |title=The channel correlation method for estimating aerosol levels from multispectral scanner data |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=50 |pages=43-52 }}</ref>
| airborne MSS || band-to-band regression <ref>{{cite journal |last=Potter |first=J. F. |date=1984 |title=The channel correlation method for estimating aerosol levels from multispectral scanner data |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=50 |pages=43–52 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| AVHRR || iterative estimation <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=S. M. |last2=Cracknell |first2=A. P. |date=1986 |title=The estimation of atmospheric effects for SPOT using AVHRR channel-1 data |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=361-377 }}</ref>
| AVHRR || iterative estimation <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=S. M. |last2=Cracknell |first2=A. P. |date=1986 |title=The estimation of atmospheric effects for SPOT using AVHRR channel-1 data |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=361–377 |doi=10.1080/01431168608954692 |bibcode=1986IJRS....7..361S }}</ref>
|-
|-
| MSS, TM || DOS with exponential scattering model <ref>{{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. |date=1988 |title=An improved dark-object substraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |volume=24 |pages=459-479 }}</ref>
| MSS, TM || DOS with exponential scattering model <ref>{{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. |date=1988 |title=An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=459–479 |doi=10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3 |bibcode=1988RSEnv..24..459C }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM || DOS with exponential scattering model, downwelling atmospheric radiance measurements <ref>{{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. |date=1989 |title=Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=1285-1294 }}</ref>
| TM || DOS with exponential scattering model, downwelling atmospheric radiance measurements <ref>{{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. |date=1989 |title=Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=55 |issue=9 |pages=1285–1294 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM || pixel-by-pixel tasseled cap haze parameter <ref>{{cite journal |last=Lavreau |first=J. |date=1991 |title=De-hazing Landsat Thematic Mapper images |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=57 |issue=10 |pages=1297-1302 }}</ref>
| TM || pixel-by-pixel tasseled cap haze parameter <ref>{{cite journal |last=Lavreau |first=J. |date=1991 |title=De-hazing Landsat Thematic Mapper images |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=57 |issue=10 |pages=1297–1302 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| AVHRR || DOS, NDVI, AVHRR band 3 <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holben |first1=B. |last2=Vermote |first2=E. |last3=Kaufman |first3=Y. J. |last4=Tanre |first4=D. |last5=Kalb |first5=V. |date=1992 |title=Aerosol retrieval over land from AVHRR data - application for atmospheric correction |journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=212-222 }}</ref>
| AVHRR || DOS, NDVI, AVHRR band 3 <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Holben |first1=B. |last2=Vermote |first2=E. |last3=Kaufman |first3=Y. J. |last4=Tanre |first4=D. |last5=Kalb |first5=V. |date=1992 |title=Aerosol retrieval over land from AVHRR data - application for atmospheric correction |journal=IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=212–222 |doi=10.1109/36.134072 |bibcode=1992ITGRS..30..212H }}</ref>
|-
|-
| airborne TMS, Landsat TM || ground and airborne solar measurements, atmospheric modeling code <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wrigley |first1=R. C. |last2=Spanner |first2=M. A. |last3=Slye |first3=R. E. |last4=Pueschel |first4=R. F. |last5=Aggarwal |first5=H. R. |date=1992 |title=Atmospheric correction of remotely sensed image data by a simplified model |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=97 |issue=D17 |pages=18797-18814 }}</ref>
| airborne TMS, Landsat TM || ground and airborne solar measurements, atmospheric modeling code <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wrigley |first1=R. C. |last2=Spanner |first2=M. A. |last3=Slye |first3=R. E. |last4=Pueschel |first4=R. F. |last5=Aggarwal |first5=H. R. |date=1992 |title=Atmospheric correction of remotely sensed image data by a simplified model |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=97 |issue=D17 |pages=18797–18814 |doi=10.1029/92JD01347 |bibcode=1992JGR....9718797W }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM || comparison of ten DOS and atmospheric modeling code variations with field data <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moran |first1=M. S. |last2=Jackson |first2=R. D. |last3=Slater |first3=P. N. |last4=Teillet |first4=P. M. |date=1992 |title=Evaluation of simplified procedures for retrieval of land surface reflectance factors from satellite sensor output |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |volume=41 |pages=169-184 }}</ref>
| TM || comparison of ten DOS and atmospheric modeling code variations with field data <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moran |first1=M. S. |last2=Jackson |first2=R. D. |last3=Slater |first3=P. N. |last4=Teillet |first4=P. M. |date=1992 |title=Evaluation of simplified procedures for retrieval of land surface reflectance factors from satellite sensor output |journal=Remote Sensing of Environment |volume=41 |issue=2–3 |pages=169–184 |doi=10.1016/0034-4257(92)90076-V |bibcode=1992RSEnv..41..169M }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM || dark target, modeling code <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Teillet |first1=P. M. |last2=Fedosejevs |first2=G. |date=1995 |title=On the dark target approach to atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data |journal=Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=374-387 }}</ref>
| TM || dark target, modeling code <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Teillet |first1=P. M. |last2=Fedosejevs |first2=G. |date=1995 |title=On the dark target approach to atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data |journal=Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=374–387 |doi=10.1080/07038992.1995.10855161 |bibcode=1995CaJRS..21..374T }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM (all bands) || atmospheric modeling code, region histogram matching <ref>{{cite journal |last=Richter |first=R. |date=1996 |title=A spatially adaptive fast atmospheric correction algorithm |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1201-1214 }}</ref>
| TM (all bands) || atmospheric modeling code, region histogram matching <ref>{{cite journal |last=Richter |first=R. |date=1996 |title=A spatially adaptive fast atmospheric correction algorithm |journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=1201–1214 |doi=10.1080/01431169608949077 |bibcode=1996IJRS...17.1201R }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM || DOS with estimated atmospheric transmittance <ref>{{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. Jr. |date=1996 |title=Image-based atmospheric corrections-revisited and improved |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=62 |issue=9 |pages=1025-1036 }}</ref>
| TM || DOS with estimated atmospheric transmittance <ref>{{cite journal |last=Chavez |first=P. S. Jr. |date=1996 |title=Image-based atmospheric corrections-revisited and improved |journal=Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing |volume=62 |issue=9 |pages=1025–1036 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| TM || dark target, atmospheric modeling code
| TM || dark target, atmospheric modeling code
Line 56: Line 57:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atmospheric Correction}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Atmospheric Correction}}
[[Category:Photographic techniques]]
[[Category:Photographic techniques]]
[[Category:Remote sensing]]
[[Category:Satellite imagery]]
[[Category:Aerial photography]]


{{science-stub}}

Latest revision as of 09:23, 11 December 2023

Atmospheric correction is the process of removing the scattering and absorption effects of the atmosphere on the reflectance values of images taken by satellite or airborne sensors.[1][2] Atmospheric effects in optical remote sensing are significant and complex, dramatically altering the spectral nature of the radiation reaching the remote sensor.[3] The atmosphere both absorbs and scatters various wavelengths of the visible spectrum which must pass through the atmosphere twice, once from the sun to the object and then again as it travels back up the image sensor. These distortions are corrected using various approaches and techniques, as described below.[4]

Examples of Atmospheric Correction Methods[edit]

Examples of atmospheric correction techniques for multispectral remote-sensing images, ordered chronologically to show the historical development of atmospheric correction methods in remote-sensing.
Sensor Approach
MSS band-to-band regression [5]
MSS all-band spectral covariance [6]
airborne MSS band-to-band regression [7]
AVHRR iterative estimation [8]
MSS, TM DOS with exponential scattering model [9]
TM DOS with exponential scattering model, downwelling atmospheric radiance measurements [10]
TM pixel-by-pixel tasseled cap haze parameter [11]
AVHRR DOS, NDVI, AVHRR band 3 [12]
airborne TMS, Landsat TM ground and airborne solar measurements, atmospheric modeling code [13]
TM comparison of ten DOS and atmospheric modeling code variations with field data [14]
TM dark target, modeling code [15]
TM (all bands) atmospheric modeling code, region histogram matching [16]
TM DOS with estimated atmospheric transmittance [17]
TM dark target, atmospheric modeling code
TM, ETM+ empirical line method, single target, ground measurements
TM water reservoirs, comparison of 7 methods for 12 dates
AVHRR 2-band PCT used to separate aerosol components

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Pacifici, F.; Longbotham, N.; Emery, W. J. (2014-10-01). "The Importance of Physical Quantities for the Analysis of Multitemporal and Multiangular Optical Very High Spatial Resolution Images". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 52 (10): 6241–6256. Bibcode:2014ITGRS..52.6241P. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2013.2295819.
  2. ^ "Atmospheric Correction". University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
  3. ^ Schowengerdt, Robert (2007). Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing. Elsevier Inc. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-12-369407-2.
  4. ^ Schowengerdt, Robert (2007). Remote Sensing: Models and Methods for Image Processing. Elsevier Inc. p. 338. ISBN 978-0-12-369407-2.
  5. ^ Potter, J. F.; Mendolowitz, M. (1975). On the determination of the haze levels from Landsat data. 10th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. NASA United States. pp. 695–703. 19760052102.
  6. ^ Switzer, P.; Kowalik, W. S.; Lyon, R. J. (1981). "Estimation of atmospheric path radiance by the covariance matrix method". Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 47: 1469–1476.
  7. ^ Potter, J. F. (1984). "The channel correlation method for estimating aerosol levels from multispectral scanner data". Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 50: 43–52.
  8. ^ Singh, S. M.; Cracknell, A. P. (1986). "The estimation of atmospheric effects for SPOT using AVHRR channel-1 data". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 7 (3): 361–377. Bibcode:1986IJRS....7..361S. doi:10.1080/01431168608954692.
  9. ^ Chavez, P. S. (1988). "An improved dark-object subtraction technique for atmospheric scattering correction of multispectral data". Remote Sensing of Environment. 24 (3): 459–479. Bibcode:1988RSEnv..24..459C. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(88)90019-3.
  10. ^ Chavez, P. S. (1989). "Radiometric calibration of Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images". Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 55 (9): 1285–1294.
  11. ^ Lavreau, J. (1991). "De-hazing Landsat Thematic Mapper images". Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 57 (10): 1297–1302.
  12. ^ Holben, B.; Vermote, E.; Kaufman, Y. J.; Tanre, D.; Kalb, V. (1992). "Aerosol retrieval over land from AVHRR data - application for atmospheric correction". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 30 (2): 212–222. Bibcode:1992ITGRS..30..212H. doi:10.1109/36.134072.
  13. ^ Wrigley, R. C.; Spanner, M. A.; Slye, R. E.; Pueschel, R. F.; Aggarwal, H. R. (1992). "Atmospheric correction of remotely sensed image data by a simplified model". Journal of Geophysical Research. 97 (D17): 18797–18814. Bibcode:1992JGR....9718797W. doi:10.1029/92JD01347.
  14. ^ Moran, M. S.; Jackson, R. D.; Slater, P. N.; Teillet, P. M. (1992). "Evaluation of simplified procedures for retrieval of land surface reflectance factors from satellite sensor output". Remote Sensing of Environment. 41 (2–3): 169–184. Bibcode:1992RSEnv..41..169M. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(92)90076-V.
  15. ^ Teillet, P. M.; Fedosejevs, G. (1995). "On the dark target approach to atmospheric correction of remotely sensed data". Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 21 (4): 374–387. Bibcode:1995CaJRS..21..374T. doi:10.1080/07038992.1995.10855161.
  16. ^ Richter, R. (1996). "A spatially adaptive fast atmospheric correction algorithm". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 17 (6): 1201–1214. Bibcode:1996IJRS...17.1201R. doi:10.1080/01431169608949077.
  17. ^ Chavez, P. S. Jr. (1996). "Image-based atmospheric corrections-revisited and improved". Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 62 (9): 1025–1036.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atmospheric_correction&oldid=1189355787"