Al-Shaheed Monument: Difference between revisions

Martyr's Monument
Martyr's Monument
Monument
	For Iran–Iraq War
Established	1983
Location	Baghdad, Iraq
Designed by	Ismail Fatah Al Turk; Saman Kamal

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Al-Shaheed Monument (Arabic: نصب الشهيد, romanized: Nasb al-Shaheed), also known as the Martyr's Memorial, is a monument designed by Iraqi sculptor Ismail Fatah al-Turk and situated in the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. It was originally dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers killed in the Iran–Iraq War and has since grown to become generally considered to be a commemoration of all Iraqi martyrs.

Background[edit]

Al-Shaheed was built as part of a broader Ba'athist government program to erect a number of public works intended to beautify Baghdad, help instill a sense of national pride, and at the same time immortalize Saddam Hussein's reputation as a powerful and victorious leader.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] It was built during the height of a period when Saddam Hussein was commissioning many artworks and spending a great deal of money on new monuments and statues.^[6]

Al-Shaheed was constructed on Baghdad's al-Rusafa side, and this monument is one of three monuments that were built to remember Iraq's pain and suffering as a consequence of the eight-year war. The first of these structures was The Monument to the Unknown Soldier (1982); followed by Al-Shaheed (1983) and finally the Victory Arch (1989). The three monuments form a visual and metaphorical unit.^[7]

Design[edit]

Designed by the Iraqi sculptor and artist, Ismail Fatah al-Turk (1934–2004), and built in association with Iraqi architect, Saman Kamal, and the Baghdad Architecture Group,^[8] the monument was constructed between 1981 and 1983, with its official opening in 1983.^[9]

The monument consists of a circular platform 190 meters in diameter^[6] in the center of an artificial lake. On the platform sits a 40-meter tall^[10] split turquoise dome, which resembles the domes of the Abbasid era. The two halves of the split dome are offset, with an eternal flame in the middle. The outer shells are constructed of a galvanized steel frame with glazed turquoise ceramic tile cladding which was pre-cast in carbon fiber reinforced concrete. The interior is opulent, being that under the Iraqi flag, there is an open hole, or oculus, providing light below. The rest of the site consists of parks, a playground, parking lots, walkways, bridges, and the lake.

A badge that was worn on 1 December of every year, on the Martyr's day. It features the monument with a flower inside of it, and below, is written a quote from Saddam Hussein, "The Martyrs are better than all of us."

At the center of the two half-domes is a twisted metal flag pole emerging from the underground museum. On the pole is an Iraqi flag, apparently lightly fluttering in the breeze. When viewed from the museum below, the flag and pole appear to be floating in space.^[11] A spring of water runs nearby to symbolize the blood of the fallen.^[12] The structure includes references to Iraq's ancient art tradition in the form of a marble slab with Qu'ranic verses in ancient Kufi script.^[13]

The monument is located on the east side of the Tigris river, near the Army Canal which separates Sadr city from the rest of Baghdad. A museum, library, cafeteria, lecture hall, and exhibition gallery are located on two levels underneath the domes.

On the subject of the monument's design, Al-Turk made the following comments:

I insisted on having a large open space. Big monuments are originally from the East—the Pyramids, the Sphinx, the Obelisk, Minarets.. the earth is flat, so these monuments can be seen from all directions. In the beginning, I had the idea of having a martyr bursting from the center. But I did not like it, it was too theatrical. Then, the idea of life versus death began to form. The two pieces move together towards martyrdom and fertility and the lifestream. I moved the pieces until I got the interplay I wanted.^[14]

The completed monument cost half a million dollars (US).^[12] It is one of the most iconic monuments in Baghdad. The Art in America magazine rated al-Shaheed as the most beautiful design in the Middle East.^[12]

An image of the al-Shaheed monument appeared on the reverse face of the 1986 Iraqi 25 dinar bill (pictured).

Gallery[edit]

The monument creates a visual illusion: viewed from some perspectives, it appears as a single dome, but from other perspectives, it appears as a split dome.

Al-Shaheed, as seen from different perspectives:

References[edit]

^ Brown, B.A. and Feldman, M.H. (eds), Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, Walter de Gruyter, 2014 p.xix
^ Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S., Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 251
^ Baghdad Writers Group, Baghdad and Beyond, Middle East Editorial Associates, 1985, p. 43
^ Borden, I. and Hall, R., The City Cultures Reader, Psychology Press, 2000, p. 104
^ Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, IB Taurus, 2004, p. 28
^ ^a ^b "Baghdad Monuments". GlobalSecurity.org.
^ Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, p. 29
^ Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 72
^ Chilvers, Ian; Glaves-Smith, John (2009). A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art. pp. 227–. ISBN 978-0199239658.
^ "Archnet.org". Archived from the original on 21 December 2005.
^ Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 75
^ ^a ^b ^c Janabi, A., "Leading Iraqi Artist Dies," [Obituary], Al Jazeera, 22 July 2004, Online: Archived 30 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq, 1968–89, Springer, 1991, p. 77
^ Ismail Fatah Al Turk as cited in:Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 142

33°20′36″N 44°26′45″E / 33.34333°N 44.44583°E / 33.34333; 44.44583

[1] Brown, B.A. and Feldman, M.H. (eds), Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art, Walter de Gruyter, 2014 p.xix

[2] Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S., Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 251

[3] Baghdad Writers Group, Baghdad and Beyond, Middle East Editorial Associates, 1985, p. 43

[4] Borden, I. and Hall, R., The City Cultures Reader, Psychology Press, 2000, p. 104

[5] Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, IB Taurus, 2004, p. 28

[Global_Security-6] "Baghdad Monuments". GlobalSecurity.org.

[7] Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, p. 29

[8] Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 72

[chilvers-9] Chilvers, Ian; Glaves-Smith, John (2009). A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art. pp. 227–. ISBN 978-0199239658.

[ArchNet-10] "Archnet.org". Archived from the original on 21 December 2005.

[11] Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 75

[janabi1-12] Janabi, A., "Leading Iraqi Artist Dies," [Obituary], Al Jazeera, 22 July 2004, Online: Archived 30 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine

[13] Baram, A., Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq, 1968–89, Springer, 1991, p. 77

[14] Ismail Fatah Al Turk as cited in:Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, University of California Press, 1991, p. 142

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
-{{coord|33|20|36|N|44|26|45|E|display=title}}
+{{Short description|Military memorial in Baghdad, Iraq}}
 {{infobox military memorial
-|name=Al-Shaheed Monument
+|name=Martyr's Monument
-|body=[[Iraq]]
+|body=[[Monument]]
-|image=نصب_الشهيد_02.jpg
+|image=نصب الشهيد بغداد.jpg
+|caption=
-|caption=A photo of the monument taken in 2014.
-|commemorates=[[Iraq–Iran War]]
+|commemorates=[[Iran–Iraq War]]
 |use_dates=1980–88
 |coordinates=
-|location=[[Baghdad]], Iraq
+|location=[[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]] {{flagicon|Iraq}}
 |nearest_town=
 |designer=[[Ismail Fatah Al Turk]]<br>[[Saman Kamal]]
 |inscription=
 |established= 1983
-|materials = galvanised steel, ceramic tiles and carbon-fiber
 |unveiled=
 |unknowns=
 |commemorated=
 |source=
+|image_size=350px}}
-}}
-'''Al-Shaheed Monument''' ({{lang-ar|نصب الشهيد}}), also known as the '''Martyr's Memorial''', is a monument designed by Iraqi sculptor, [[Ismail Fatah Al Turk]], and is situatied in the [[Iraq]]i capital, [[Baghdad]]. It is dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers who died in the [[Iran-Iraq War]]. However, now it is generally considered by Iraqis to be a commemoration of all of  Iraq's martyrs, especially those allied with Iran and Syria currently fighting ISIS, not just of the [[Iran-Iraq War]]. <ref>Baghdad Writers Group, ''Baghdad and Beyond,'' [Illustrated edition], Middle East Editorial Associates, 1985, p. 43</ref>.
+'''Al-Shaheed Monument''' ({{lang-ar|نصب الشهيد|Nasb al-Shaheed}}), also known as the '''Martyr's Memorial''', is a monument designed by Iraqi sculptor [[Ismail Fatah Al Turk|Ismail Fatah al-Turk]] and situated in the [[Iraq]]i capital, [[Baghdad]]. It was originally dedicated to the Iraqi soldiers killed in the [[Iran–Iraq War]] and has since grown to become generally considered to be a commemoration of all Iraqi martyrs.
 ==Background==
-''Al-Shaheed'' was built as part of a broader Ba'athist government program to erect a number of public works intended to beautify Baghdad, help instil a sense of national pride, and at the same time immortalise Sadam Hussein's reputation as a powerful and victorious leader. <ref>Brown, B.A. and Feldman, M.H. (eds), ''Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art,''Walter de Gruyter, 2014 p.xix; Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S., ''Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture,'' Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 251; Baghdad Writers Group, ''Baghdad and Beyond,'' Middle East Editorial Associates, 1985, p. 43; Borden, I. and Hall, R., ''The City Cultures Reader,''Psychology Press, 2000, p. 104; Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,'' IB Taurus, 2004, p. 28</ref> It was built during the height of a period when [[Saddam Hussein]] was commissioning many artworks and spending a great deal of money on new monuments and statues. <ref name="Global Security">{{Cite web|title=GlobalSecurity.org|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/baghdad-monuments.htm}}</ref>
+Al-Shaheed was built as part of a broader Ba'athist government program to erect a number of public works intended to beautify Baghdad, help instill a sense of national pride, and at the same time immortalize Saddam Hussein's reputation as a powerful and victorious leader.<ref>Brown, B.A. and Feldman, M.H. (eds), ''Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art'', Walter de Gruyter, 2014 p.xix</ref><ref>Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S., ''Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture'', Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 251</ref><ref>Baghdad Writers Group, ''Baghdad and Beyond,'' Middle East Editorial Associates, 1985, p. 43</ref><ref>Borden, I. and Hall, R., ''The City Cultures Reader'', Psychology Press, 2000, p. 104</ref><ref>Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq'', IB Taurus, 2004, p. 28</ref> It was built during the height of a period when [[Saddam Hussein]] was commissioning many artworks and spending a great deal of money on new monuments and statues.<ref name="Global Security">{{Cite web|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |title=Baghdad Monuments |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/baghdad-monuments.htm}}</ref>
-Al- Shaheed was constructed in the general area of Zawra Park, and this site would become the area where three monuments would be built to remember Iraq's pain and suffering as a consequence of the eight-year war. The first of these structures was ''[[The Monument to the Unknown Soldier]]'' (1982); followed by ''Al-Shaheed'' (1983) and finally the ''[[Victory Arch]]'' (1989). The three monuments form a visual and metaphorical unit. <ref>Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,''  p. 29</ref>
+Al-Shaheed was constructed on Baghdad's [[Al-Rusafa, Iraq|al-Rusafa]] side, and this monument is one of three monuments that were built to remember Iraq's pain and suffering as a consequence of the eight-year war. The first of these structures was ''[[The Monument to the Unknown Soldier]]'' (1982); followed by ''Al-Shaheed'' (1983) and finally the ''[[Victory Arch]]'' (1989). The three monuments form a visual and metaphorical unit.<ref>Makiya, K. and Al-Khalilm S., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq'', p. 29</ref>
 ==Design==
-Designed by the Iraqi sculptor and artist, [[Ismail Fatah Al Turk]] (1934-2004), and built in association with Iraqi architect [[Saman Kamal]], and the Baghdad Architecture Group,<ref>Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), ''Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture,'' Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 72</ref> the monument was contructed between 1981 and 1983, with its official opening in 1983.<ref name=chilvers>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=mwf6RVGYLjgC&pg=PA227 |title=A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art |pages=227- |last=Chilvers |first=Ian |author2=Glaves-Smith, John |year=2009 |ISBN=0199239657}}</ref>
+Designed by the Iraqi sculptor and artist, [[Ismail Fatah Al Turk|Ismail Fatah al-Turk]] (1934–2004), and built in association with Iraqi architect, [[Saman Kamal]], and the Baghdad Architecture Group,<ref>Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), ''Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture'', Vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 2009, p. 72</ref> the monument was constructed between 1981 and 1983, with its official opening in 1983.<ref name=chilvers>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mwf6RVGYLjgC&pg=PA227 |title=A Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Art |pages=227– |last=Chilvers |first=Ian |author2=Glaves-Smith, John |year=2009 |isbn=978-0199239658}}</ref>
-The monument consists of a circular platform 190 meters in diameter<ref name="Global Security"/> in the center of an artificial lake. On the platform sits a 40-meter tall<ref name="ArchNet">{{Cite web|title=Archnet.org |url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=580 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221085055/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=580 |archivedate=2005-12-21 }}</ref> split turquoise [[dome]], which resembles the domes of the [[Abbasid]] era. The two halves of the split dome are offset, with an [[eternal flame]] in the middle. The outer shells are constructed of a [[galvanized steel]] frame with glazed turquoise [[ceramic]] tile cladding which was pre-cast in carbon fiber reinforced [[concrete]]. The interior is oculant, being that under the Iraqi flag, there is an open hole, or oculus, providing light below.  The rest of the site consists of parks, a playground, parking lots, walkways, bridges, and the lake.
+The monument consists of a circular platform 190 meters in diameter<ref name="Global Security"/> in the center of an artificial lake. On the platform sits a 40-meter tall<ref name="ArchNet">{{Cite web|title=Archnet.org |url=http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=580 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221085055/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=580 |archivedate=2005-12-21}}</ref> split turquoise [[dome]], which resembles the domes of the [[Abbasid]] era. The two halves of the split dome are offset, with an [[eternal flame]] in the middle. The outer shells are constructed of a [[galvanized steel]] frame with glazed turquoise [[ceramic]] tile cladding which was pre-cast in carbon fiber reinforced [[concrete]]. The interior is opulent, being that under the Iraqi flag, there is an open hole, or oculus, providing light below. The rest of the site consists of parks, a playground, parking lots, walkways, bridges, and the lake.
+[[File:Martyr Day.jpg|thumbnail|right|A badge that was worn on 1 December of every year, on the Martyr's day. It features the monument with a flower inside of it, and below, is written a quote from [[Saddam Hussein]], "The Martyrs are better than all of us."]]
-At the centre of the two half-domes is a twisted metal flag pole emerging from the underground museum. On the pole is an Iraqi flag, apparently lightly fluttering in the breeze. When viewed from the museum below, the flag and pole appear to be floating in space. <ref>Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,'' University of California Press, 1991, p. 75</ref> A spring of water runs nearby to symbolise the blood of the fallen.<ref>Janabi, A., "Leading Iraqi Artist Dies," [Obituary], ''Aljazeera,'' 22 July 2004, [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EE6C5BBD-7828-4F87-8589-C2D44AA8FB62.htm Online:]</ref>  The structure includes references to Iraq's ancient art tradition in the form of a marble slab with Q'ranic verses in anicent Kufi script.<ref>Baram, A., ''Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq,1968-89,'' Springer, 1991, p. 77</ref>
+At the center of the two half-domes is a twisted metal flag pole emerging from the underground museum. On the pole is an Iraqi flag, apparently lightly fluttering in the breeze. When viewed from the museum below, the flag and pole appear to be floating in space.<ref>Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq'', University of California Press, 1991, p. 75</ref> A spring of water runs nearby to symbolize the blood of the fallen.<ref name="janabi1">Janabi, A., "Leading Iraqi Artist Dies," [Obituary], Al Jazeera, 22 July 2004, [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EE6C5BBD-7828-4F87-8589-C2D44AA8FB62.htm Online:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830183541/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EE6C5BBD-7828-4F87-8589-C2D44AA8FB62.htm |date=30 August 2006 }}</ref> The structure includes references to Iraq's ancient art tradition in the form of a marble slab with [[Quran|Qu'ranic verses]] in ancient [[Kufic|Kufi script]].<ref>Baram, A., ''Culture, History and Ideology in the Formation of Ba'thist Iraq, 1968–89'', Springer, 1991, p. 77</ref>
-The monument is located on the East side of the [[Tigris]] river, near the Army Canal which separates [[Sadr city]] from the rest of Baghdad. A museum, library, cafeteria, lecture hall and exhibition gallery are located in two levels underneath the domes.
+The monument is located on the east side of the [[Tigris]] river, near the Army Canal which separates [[Sadr city]] from the rest of Baghdad. A museum, library, cafeteria, lecture hall, and exhibition gallery are located on two levels underneath the domes.
-On the subject of the monument's design Al-Turk made the following comments:
+On the subject of the monument's design, Al-Turk made the following comments:
-: {{blockquote| "I insisted on having a large open space. Big monuments are originally from the East - the Pyramids, the Sphinx, the Obelisk, Minarets.. the earth is flat,  so these monuments can be seen from all directions. In the beginning, I had the idea of having a matyr bursting from the centre. But I did not like it, it was too theatrical. Then, the idea of life versus death began to form. The two pieces moving  together towards matyrdom and fertility and the life stream. I moved the pieces until I got the interplay I wanted. <ref>Ismail Fatah Al Turk as cited in:Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq,'' University of California Press, 1991, p. 142</ref>}}
+: {{blockquote|I insisted on having a large open space. Big monuments are originally from the East—the Pyramids, the Sphinx, the Obelisk, Minarets.. the earth is flat,  so these monuments can be seen from all directions. In the beginning, I had the idea of having a martyr bursting from the center. But I did not like it, it was too theatrical. Then, the idea of life versus death began to form. The two pieces move together towards martyrdom and fertility and the lifestream. I moved the pieces until I got the interplay I wanted.<ref>Ismail Fatah Al Turk as cited in:Al-Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., ''The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq'', University of California Press, 1991, p. 142</ref>}}
-The completed monument cost half a million dollars ($US). <ref>Janabi, A., "Leading Iraqi Artist Dies," [Obituary], ''Aljazeera,'' 22 July 2004, [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EE6C5BBD-7828-4F87-8589-C2D44AA8FB62.htm Online:]</ref> It is one of the most iconic monuments in Baghdad. The ''Art in America'' magazine rated ''al-Shaheed'' as the most beautiful design in the Middle East.<ref>Janabi, A., "Leading Iraqi Artist Dies," [Obituary], ''Aljazeera,'' 22 July 2004, [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/EE6C5BBD-7828-4F87-8589-C2D44AA8FB62.htm Online:]</ref>
+The completed monument cost half a million dollars (US).<ref name="janabi1" /> It is one of the most iconic monuments in Baghdad. The ''Art in America'' magazine rated al-Shaheed as the most beautiful design in the Middle East.<ref name="janabi1" />
-[[File:Series 1986 iraqi 25 dinar reverse.jpg|thumb|The 1986 iraqi 25 dinar (reverse view), with image of ''al-Shaheed'']]
-An image of the ''al-Shaheed'' monument appeared on the reverse face of the 1986 Iraqi 25 dinar bill (pictured).
+An image of the al-Shaheed monument appeared on the reverse face of the 1986 Iraqi 25 dinar bill (pictured).
-[[File:Martyr Day.jpg|thumbnail|right|A badge that was worn on 1 December of every year, on the Martyr's day. It features the monument with a flower inside of it, and below, is written a quote of [[Saddam Hussein]], "The Martyrs are better than all of us."]]
 ==Gallery==
-The monument creates a visual illusion - viewed from some perspectives, it appears as a single dome, while from other perspectives it appears as a split dome.
+The monument creates a visual illusion: viewed from some perspectives, it appears as a single dome, but from other perspectives, it appears as a split dome.
-'''''Al-Shaheed'', as seen from different perspectives'''
+'''Al-Shaheed, as seen from different perspectives:'''
 <gallery>
-File:Iraq baghdad 04.JPG
 File:نصب الشهيد 01.jpg
 File:US Navy 031130-N-0000S-001 An HH-60H helicopter assigned to the Firehawks of Helicopter Combat Search and Rescue Squadron-Special Warfare Support Special Squadron Five (HCS-5).jpg
@@ Line 60: / Line 57: @@
 File:Monument of martyr.jpg
 File:Statue the martyr.jpg
+File:جزء من نصب الشهيد ببغداد.jpg
 </gallery>
-==See also==
+== See also ==
+{{commons category|Al-Shaheed Monument}}
 * [[Iraqi art]]
 * [[Islamic art]]
 * [[One Dimension Group]]
 * [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier]]
+* [[Freedom Monument (Baghdad)|Freedom Monument]]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
-{{commons category|Al-Shaheed Monument}}
 [[Category:1983 establishments in Iraq]]
@@ Line 77: / Line 75: @@
 [[Category:Military monuments and memorials]]
 [[Category:Monuments and memorials in Iraq]]
-[[Category:Military of Iraq]]
+[[Category:Iraq War memorials]]
 [[Category:Martyrs' monuments and memorials]]
 [[Category:War monuments and memorials]]
+[[Category:Military history of Baghdad]]
+{{coord|33|20|36|N|44|26|45|E|display=title}}
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Shaheed Monument}}

Latest revision as of 17:30, 16 June 2024

Background[edit]

Design[edit]

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]