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'Ali-Mirza (Georgian: ალი-მირზა), born Alexander (ალექსანდრე) (died 23 November 1737^[1] or 1739^[2]), was a prince of the Georgian Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Kakheti who ruled in eastern Georgian provinces – Kartli and Kakheti – for the shah of Iran in the late 1730s. Like his father, King David II (Imam-Quli Khan), and brothers, Ali-Mirza was a convert to Islam. As a ruler of Kakheti, he is sometimes known in modern historiography by his Christian name Alexander and ascribed the regnal number "Third". Despite his power being derived from the shah, Ali Mirza followed the established Georgian tradition to style himself as "king of kings".^[3]

Wali of Kartli and Kakheti

Ali-Mirza was made a viceroy (wali) at Tbilisi, the capital of the kingdom of Kartli, in August 1735, by the Iranian warlord Nader after the victory over the Ottomans. The Persian officer Safi Khan was appointed to watch by him and the Muslim Georgian Ali Quli-Bek Amirejibi was placed in charge of collecting taxes. Ali-Mirza failed to gain foothold in the restive province and ran afoul of Safi Khan. In October 1736, Nader, now the shah of Iran, replaced Ali-Mirza with the Muslim Georgian prince Abdullah Beg, moving him to the government of Kakheti,^[3] from where his paternal uncle, Teimuraz, had been removed by Nader and was then accompanying the shah on the road to Kandahar.^[4]

Unable to gain popularity with the local population and facing an unrest, Ali-Mirza was equally disturbed by the pressure from his Iranian suzerains. In 1736, he even wrote to the Empress Anna of Russia, describing the difficult conditions of his reign and asking her for protection.^[3] Feeling that the shah now favored the more able Teimuraz,^[5] Ali-Mirza, under the influence of Prince Abel Andronikashvili, contemplated a revolt in Kakheti. To this end, he attempted, but failed to enlist the support of Teimuraz's consort, Tamar, who feared for the fate of her husband and son. Tamar, through the service of Prince Givi Cholokashvili, secured the loyalty of Kiziki and Pshavi, dissuading Ali-Mirza from his design. In a state of despair, Ali-Mirza repaired to Nader's camp in Kandahar, where he took command of the shah's Georgian regiments and died in a battle in 1737^[1] or 1739.^[2]

Family

Ali-Mirza was married to Mariam, daughter of Shanshe II, Duke of Ksani. According to Cyril Toumanoff's genealogy, Ali-Mirza had two children, who retired and died in the Russian Empire:

Prince Ioane (Ivan Alexandrovich Bagration; 7 November 1730 – 28 September 1795), who had a son named Peter, whose fate is obscure;
Princess Ana (1723–1780)

References

^ ^a ^b (in Russian) Grebelsky, P. Kh., Dumin, S. V., Lapin, V. V. (1993), Дворянские роды Российской империи (Noble families of Russian Empire), vol. 3, p. 68. IPK Vesti
^ ^a ^b (in French) Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976), Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie), p. 153. Édition Aquila, Rome
^ ^a ^b ^c Sologashvili, Nana (2005). "ქართლ-კახეთი XVIII ს-ის 35-40-იან წლებში" [Kartli-Kakheti in the 1735–40s]. Amirani (in Georgian). 13: 61–85. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
^ Allen, William Edward David (1932), A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century, p. 191. Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-7100-6959-6
^ Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, p. 232. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 1780230303.

[DRRI-1] (in Russian) Grebelsky, P. Kh., Dumin, S. V., Lapin, V. V. (1993), Дворянские роды Российской империи (Noble families of Russian Empire), vol. 3, p. 68. IPK Vesti

[Toumanoff-Manuel-2] (in French) Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976), Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie), p. 153. Édition Aquila, Rome

[Amirani-3] Sologashvili, Nana (2005). "ქართლ-კახეთი XVIII ს-ის 35-40-იან წლებში" [Kartli-Kakheti in the 1735–40s]. Amirani (in Georgian). 13: 61–85. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2013-01-20.

[Allen-32-4] Allen, William Edward David (1932), A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century, p. 191. Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-7100-6959-6

[5] Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia, p. 232. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 1780230303.

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+{{Short description|Prince of the Georgian Bagrationi dynasty}}
-''''Ali-Mirza''' ({{lang-ka|ალი-მირზა}}), born '''Alexander''' (ალექსანდრე), (died 23 November 1737<ref name="DRRI">{{ru icon}} Grebelsky, P. Kh., Dumin, S. V., Lapin, V. V. (1993), Дворянские роды Российской империи (''Noble families of Russian Empire''), vol. 3, p. 68. IPK Vesti</ref> or 1739<ref name="Toumanoff-Manuel">{{fr}} Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976), ''Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)'', p. 153. Édition Aquila, [[Rome]]</ref>) was a [[batonishvili|prince]] of the [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] [[Bagrationi]] dynasty of the [[Kingdom of Kakheti]] who ruled in eastern Georgian provinces – [[Kartli]] and Kakheti – for the [[shah]] of [[Iran]] in the late 1730s. Like his father, King [[David II of Kakheti|David II (Imam-Quli Khan)]], and brothers, Ali-Mirza was a [[List of converts to Islam|convert to Islam]]. As a ruler of Kakheti, he is sometimes known in modern historiography by his [[Christian]] name Alexander and ascribed the [[monarchical ordinal|regnal number]] "Third". Despite his power being derived from the shah, Ali Mirza followed the established Georgian tradition to style himself as "king of kings".
+''''Ali-Mirza''' ({{lang-ka|ალი-მირზა}}), born '''Alexander''' (ალექსანდრე) (died 23 November 1737<ref name="DRRI">{{in lang|ru}} Grebelsky, P. Kh., Dumin, S. V., Lapin, V. V. (1993), Дворянские роды Российской империи (''Noble families of Russian Empire''), vol. 3, p. 68. IPK Vesti</ref> or 1739<ref name="Toumanoff-Manuel">{{in lang|fr}} Toumanoff, Cyrille (1976), ''Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour le Caucase chrétien (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)'', p. 153. Édition Aquila, [[Rome]]</ref>), was a [[batonishvili|prince]] of the [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] [[Bagrationi]] dynasty of the [[Kingdom of Kakheti]] who ruled in eastern Georgian provinces – [[Kartli]] and Kakheti – for the [[shah]] of [[Iran]] in the late 1730s. Like his father, King [[David II of Kakheti|David II (Imam-Quli Khan)]], and brothers, Ali-Mirza was a [[List of converts to Islam|convert to Islam]]. As a ruler of Kakheti, he is sometimes known in modern historiography by his [[Christian name]] Alexander and ascribed the [[regnal number]] "Third". Despite his power being derived from the shah, Ali Mirza followed the established Georgian tradition to style himself as "king of kings".<ref name="Amirani">{{cite journal|last=Sologashvili|first=Nana|title=ქართლ-კახეთი XVIII ს-ის 35-40-იან წლებში|journal=Amirani|year=2005|volume=13|pages=61–85|url=http://www.caucasology.com/amirani13/sologashvili.djvu|trans-title=Kartli-Kakheti in the 1735–40s|language=Georgian|access-date=2013-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033837/http://www.caucasology.com/amirani13/sologashvili.djvu|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+==Wali of Kartli and Kakheti==
-Ali-Mirza was made a viceroy (''[[wali]]'') at [[Tbilisi]], the capital of the kingdom of Kartli, in August 1735, by the Iranian shah [[Nader Shah|Nader]] after the victory over the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]. The Persian officer Safi Khan was appointed to watch by him and the Muslim Georgian Ali Quli-Bek Amirejini was placed in charge of collecting taxes. Ali-Mirza failed to gain foothold in the restive province and, in 1736, attempted to establish himself in his native Kakheti from where his paternal uncle, [[Teimuraz II|Teimuraz]], had been removed by Nader and was then accompanying the shah on the road to [[Kandahar]].<ref name="Allen-32">[[William Edward David Allen|Allen, William Edward David]] (1932), ''A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century'', p. 191. Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0-7100-6959-6</ref> Unable to gain popularity with the local population and facing an unrest, Ali-Mirza was finally deposed by the shah, who now favored the more able Teimuraz. After a token resistance, Ali-Mirza retired to Iran where he commanded the shah's Georgian regiments and died in the campaign in Kandahar in 1737<ref name="DRRI"/> or 1739.<ref name="Toumanoff-Manuel"/>
+Ali-Mirza was made a viceroy (''[[Wali (administrative title)|wali]]'') at [[Tbilisi]], the capital of the kingdom of Kartli, in August 1735, by the Iranian warlord [[Nader Shah|Nader]] after the victory over the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]]. The Persian officer Safi Khan was appointed to watch by him and the Muslim Georgian Ali Quli-Bek Amirejibi was placed in charge of collecting taxes. Ali-Mirza failed to gain foothold in the restive province and ran afoul of Safi Khan. In October 1736, Nader, now the shah of Iran, replaced Ali-Mirza with the Muslim Georgian prince [[Abdullah Beg of Kartli|Abdullah Beg]], moving him to the government of Kakheti,<ref name="Amirani"/> from where his paternal uncle, [[Teimuraz II of Kakheti|Teimuraz]], had been removed by Nader and was then accompanying the shah on the road to [[Kandahar]].<ref name="Allen-32">[[William Edward David Allen|Allen, William Edward David]] (1932), ''A History of the Georgian People: From the Beginning Down to the Russian Conquest in the Nineteenth Century'', p. 191. Taylor & Francis, {{ISBN|0-7100-6959-6}}</ref>
+Unable to gain popularity with the local population and facing an unrest, Ali-Mirza was equally disturbed by the pressure from his Iranian suzerains. In 1736, he even wrote to the Empress [[Anna of Russia]], describing the difficult conditions of his reign and asking her for protection.<ref name="Amirani"/> Feeling that the shah now favored the more able Teimuraz,<ref>[[Donald Rayfield|Rayfield, Donald]] (2012). ''Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia'', p. 232. London: Reaktion Books. {{ISBN|1780230303}}.</ref> Ali-Mirza, under the influence of Prince Abel Andronikashvili, contemplated a revolt in Kakheti. To this end, he attempted, but failed to enlist the support of Teimuraz's consort, [[Tamar of Kartli|Tamar]], who feared for the fate of her husband and [[Heraclius II of Georgia|son]]. Tamar, through the service of Prince Givi Cholokashvili, secured the loyalty of [[Kiziki]] and [[Pshavi]], dissuading Ali-Mirza from his design. In a state of despair, Ali-Mirza repaired to Nader's camp in Kandahar, where he took command of the shah's Georgian regiments and died in a battle in 1737<ref name="DRRI"/> or 1739.<ref name="Toumanoff-Manuel"/>
+==Family==
 Ali-Mirza was married to Mariam, daughter of [[Shanshe, Duke of the Ksani|Shanshe II, Duke of Ksani]]. According to [[Cyril Toumanoff]]'s genealogy, Ali-Mirza had two children, who retired and died in the [[Russian Empire]]:
 *Prince Ioane (Ivan Alexandrovich Bagration; 7 November 1730 – 28 September 1795), who had a son named Peter, whose fate is obscure;
+*Princess [[Princess Ana of Kakheti|Ana]] (1723–1780)
-*Princess Ana (Anna Alexandrovna Bagration; 1723 – 19 March 1780), who married in [[Moscow]], c. 1743, Prince Pyotr Igorovich Dadianov (15 June 1716 – 7 December 1784), captain of the Imperial Russian army of the [[Dadiani|Georgian noble descent]].<ref name="Toumanoff-Manuel"/>
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{Triarchy in Georgia}}
-{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
-| NAME              = Ali Mirza Of Kakheti
-| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
-| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Prince of the [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] [[Bagrationi]] dynasty
-| DATE OF BIRTH     =
-| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
-| DATE OF DEATH     = 23 November 1737
-| PLACE OF DEATH    =
-}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Ali Mirza Of Kakheti}}
 [[Category:1730s deaths]]
-[[Category:Converts to Islam]]
+[[Category:Converts to Shia Islam from Eastern Orthodoxy]]
-[[Category:Monarchs of Kakheti]]
+[[Category:Former Georgian Orthodox Christians]]
-[[Category:Bagrationi dynasty]]
+[[Category:Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Kakheti]]
-[[Category:Muslims from Georgia (country)]]
 [[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
-[[Category:Shi'a Muslims from Georgia (country)]]
+[[Category:Shia Muslims from Georgia (country)]]
+[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]
-[[ca:Alexandre III de Kakhètia]]
+[[Category:Afsharid generals]]
-[[fr:Alexandre III de Kakhétie]]
+[[Category:Safavid governors of Kartli]]
-[[ka:ალექსანდრე ბატონიშვილი (ბაგრატიონი) XVIII ს.]]
+[[Category:Afsharid governors of Kakheti]]
-[[ru:Александр II (царь Картли)]]
+[[Category:Kings of Kakheti]]
+[[Category:Iranian people of Georgian descent]]
+[[Category:18th-century people from Georgia (country)]]