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| ⚫ | '''Antoine Martinez''', born January 17, 1948,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Étienne Girard |date=2021-05-03 |title=Antoine Martinez, le général qui veut durcir le programme de Marine Le Pen |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/tribune-des-militaires-le-general-martinez-candidat-de-l-ultradroite_2150050.html |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=L'Express}}</ref> is a French far-right activist and former general. He is president of the Volontaires pour la France (VPF) party since 2016. |
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| ⚫ | '''Antoine Martinez''', born January 17, 1948,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Étienne Girard |date= |
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A retired [[French Air and Space Force|Air Force]] [[brigadier general]] since 2005, he entered politics in 2015. With politician [[Yvan Blot]], he founded Volontaires pour la France, which brings together mainly former military and police officers and defends a radically anti-[[Islam]], anti-[[immigration]] and [[French nationalism|nationalist]] line. It gained strength after the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]. More radical militants split off in 2017 to form [[Action des Forces Opérationnelles]]. |
A retired [[French Air and Space Force|Air Force]] [[brigadier general]] since 2005, he entered politics in 2015. With politician [[Yvan Blot]], he founded Volontaires pour la France, which brings together mainly former military and police officers and defends a radically anti-[[Islam]], anti-[[immigration]] and [[French nationalism|nationalist]] line. It gained strength after the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]. More radical militants split off in 2017 to form [[Action des Forces Opérationnelles]]. |
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Antoine Martinez gained media notoriety through his participation in “generals' tribunes”, signed alongside [[Christian Piquemal]] and [[Didier Tauzin]], which criticized the management of immigration by [[François Hollande]] and then by [[Emmanuel Macron]]. Martinez is also a member of the [[National Council of European Resistance]], founded by identitarian [[Renaud Camus]]. |
Antoine Martinez gained media notoriety through his participation in “generals' tribunes”, signed alongside [[Christian Piquemal]] and [[Didier Tauzin]], which criticized the management of immigration by [[François Hollande]] and then by [[Emmanuel Macron]]. Martinez is also a member of the [[National Council of European Resistance]], founded by identitarian [[Renaud Camus]] and described as pro-Russian. |
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== Military career == |
== Military career == |
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Antoine François Martinez<ref name="Décret LH">{{Legifrance|base=JORF|number=DEFM0400676D|text=Décret du 7 juillet 2004 portant promotion et nomination}}.</ref> was born in 1948<ref>{{Cite |
Antoine François Martinez<ref name="Décret LH">{{Legifrance|base=JORF|number=DEFM0400676D|text=Décret du 7 juillet 2004 portant promotion et nomination}}.</ref> was born in 1948<ref>{{Cite book |year=2012 |title=Martinez, Antoine (1948-....) |url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb435294411 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France|BnF Catalogue général]]|isbn=978-2-310-01314-7 |last1=Martinez |first1=Antoine |publisher=Editions Amalthée }}.</ref> and spent his childhood in [[Oran]], [[French Algeria]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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A [[brigadier general]] in the [[French Air and Space Force|French Air Force]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web | |
A [[brigadier general]] in the [[French Air and Space Force|French Air Force]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Pousson |first1=Juliette |last2=Prudhomme |first2=Marion |last3=Laratte |first3=Aubin |last4=Tésorière |first4=Ronan |last5=Hammadi |first5=Anissa |date=2021-04-28 |title="Guerre civile" et tribune d'ex-militaires : qui sont les signataires ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/guerre-civile-et-tribune-dex-militaires-qui-sont-les-signataires-28-04-2021-INF6QXKJYBETBM7MGIWPJUJJOM.php |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=[[Le Parisien]] |language=fr}}</ref> he joined the [[Général|Second Section]] (reservists who have left active service)<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-03 |title=Migrants : la lettre ouverte de trois généraux à François Hollande |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/03/03/01016-20160303ARTFIG00325-migrants-la-lettre-ouverte-de-trois-generaux-a-francois-hollande.php |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref> in 2005.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=2021-06-02 |title=Présidentielle 2022 : qui sont les douze candidats ? |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2021/06/02/presidentielle-2022-qui-sont-les-candidats-declares-et-pressentis_6082545_4355770.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}</ref> In 2018, he resided in [[Nice]], [[Alpes-Maritimes]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Massey |first=Matthieu Suc, Marine Turchi, Jacques |date=2018-06-24 |title=Coup de filet au sein d'une cellule clandestine de l'ultra-droite |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/240618/coup-de-filet-au-sein-d-une-cellule-clandestine-de-l-ultra-droite |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref> |
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He is an executive member of the Association des Officiers de Réserve (which is part of the Union Nationale des Officiers de Réserve),<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |
He is an executive member of the Association des Officiers de Réserve (which is part of the Union Nationale des Officiers de Réserve),<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-03-16 |title=L'Association des officiers de réserve 66 a tenu à Prades son assemblée générale |url=https://www.midilibre.fr/2012/03/16/l-association-des-officiers-de-reserve-66-a-tenu-a-prades-son-assemblee-generale,471743.php |access-date=2021-06-21 |website=[[Midi libre]]}}.</ref> an association of retired officers in the [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] region,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Lebourg |first=Nicolas |author-link=Nicolas Lebourg |date=January 8, 2021 |title=Extreme-Right Terrorist Radicalization in France since November 13, 2015 |url=https://www.illiberalism.org/extreme-right-terrorist-radicalization-in-france-since-november-13-2015/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Illiberalism.org |language=en}}</ref> and was re-elected to its presidency in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=M. M. |date=2013-04-10 |title=Le général Martinez reste à la tête de l'association des officiers de réserve |url=https://www.lindependant.fr/2013/04/10/le-general-martinez-reste-a-la-tete-de-l-association-des-officiers-de-reserve,1744052.php |access-date=2021-06-21 |website=[[L'Indépendant (Pyrénées-Orientales)|L'Indépendant]]}}.</ref> |
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== Political activism == |
== Political activism == |
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=== Volontaires pour la France === |
=== Volontaires pour la France === |
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Alongside [[Yvan Blot]], co-founder of the [[Carrefour de l'Horloge]] and then [[National Rally|National Front]] MEP in the 1990s, Antoine Martinez co-founded “Volontaires pour la France” in the summer of 2015.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Devin |first=Willy Le |title=Projet |
Alongside [[Yvan Blot]], co-founder of the [[Carrefour de l'Horloge]] and then [[National Rally|National Front]] MEP in the 1990s, Antoine Martinez co-founded “Volontaires pour la France” in the summer of 2015.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Devin |first=Willy Le |title=Projet d'attentats : un groupuscule d'ultradroite franchit un palier |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/06/25/projet-d-attentats-un-groupuscule-d-ultradroite-franchit-un-palier_1661901/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> Essentially made up of former members of the army and police,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> the [[History of far-right movements in France|far-right]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-05 |title=Ultradroite : que préparait l'Action des forces opérationnelles ? |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/emploi/metiers/armee-et-securite/ultradroite-que-preparait-laction-des-forces-operationnelles_4611869.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}</ref> political organization's aim is to “fight” the “Islamization” and “Africanization” of Europe to “defend French identity”,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-27 |title=Qui trouve-t-on parmi les signataires de la tribune polémique de militaires adressée à Macron ? |url=https://www.tf1info.fr/politique/qui-trouve-t-on-parmi-les-signataires-de-la-tribune-polemique-de-militaires-adressee-a-macron-2184565.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=TF1 INFO |language=fr}}</ref> and to combat the so-called international lobbies that would have allegedly “captured” democratic power.<ref name=":2" /> |
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Born on the Internet, the organization organized its first event in October 2015 in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] region<ref name=":2" /> and gained momentum in the wake of the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]].<ref name=":3" /> After registering its trademark in November 2015,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-16 |title=AFO, les inquiétants Pieds nickelés de l'ultradroite |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/afo-les-inquietants-pieds-nickeles-de-l-ultradroite_2107394.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=L'Express |language=fr}}</ref> the organization was incorporated as an [[association under the French law of 1901]] in October 2016 in [[Ingré]] ([[Loiret]]),<ref name=":4" /> by Gérard Hardy<ref name=":4" /> (then as a political party between 2017 and 2018). Martinez and Blot took over the presidency. Following the death of Yvan Blot in 2018, Antoine Martinez assumes the presidency alone.<ref name=":1" /> |
Born on the Internet, the organization organized its first event in October 2015 in the [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]] region<ref name=":2" /> and gained momentum in the wake of the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]].<ref name=":3" /> After registering its trademark in November 2015,<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-16 |title=AFO, les inquiétants Pieds nickelés de l'ultradroite |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/afo-les-inquietants-pieds-nickeles-de-l-ultradroite_2107394.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=L'Express |language=fr}}</ref> the organization was incorporated as an [[association under the French law of 1901]] in October 2016 in [[Ingré]] ([[Loiret]]),<ref name=":4" /> by Gérard Hardy<ref name=":4" /> (then as a political party between 2017 and 2018). Martinez and Blot took over the presidency. Following the death of Yvan Blot in 2018, Antoine Martinez assumes the presidency alone.<ref name=":1" /> |
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The VPF claim 800 members in 2018,<ref name="L'Express AFO 2019">{{ |
The VPF claim 800 members in 2018,<ref name="L'Express AFO 2019">{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2021 |author=Boris Thiolay |date=16 November 2019 |title=AFO, les inquiétants Pieds nickelés de l'ultradroite |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/afo-les-inquietants-pieds-nickeles-de-l-ultradroite_2107394.html |website=[[L'Express]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> while ''[[Mediapart]]'' puts the figure at just 50.<ref name=":5" /> The party has a list of “Honorary Volunteers”, which testifies to the [[Ethnic nationalism|ethnocultural]] nature of its [[nationalism]]. It includes anti-[[Islam]] activists, [[Traditionalist Catholicism|traditionalist]] [[Christian nationalism|national Catholics]] and [[Ultraconservatism|ultraconservatives]]: Father [[Guy Pagès]], Brother Thierry, Americans [[Steve King]] and Rosine Ghawji, General [[Christian Piquemal]], former MP [[Christian Vanneste]] and [[Renaud Camus]], propagator of the conspiracy theory of the [[Great Replacement]]<ref name="L'Express AFO 2019" /><ref>{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2021 |author=Jade Toussay |date=17 December 2018 |title=Des chefs militaires menacés de sanctions disciplinaires pour avoir accusé Macron de "trahison" |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/12/17/des-chefs-militaires-menaces-de-sanctions-disciplinaires-pour-avoir-accuse-macron-de-trahison_a_23620647/ |website=[[Le HuffPost]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> and cofounder of the [[National Council of European Resistance]], who Antoine Martinez is a member of.<ref name="Camus 2021">{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2021 |author=[[Jean-Yves Camus]] interviewed by Camille Vigogne Le Coat |date=27 April 2021 |title=Jean-Yves Camus : "Marine Le Pen est en tournée électorale des casernes" |url=https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/jean-yves-camus-marine-le-pen-est-en-tournee-electorale-des-casernes_2149710.html |website=[[L'Express]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> |
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[[File:Le Conseil National de la Résistance Européenne à Plieux, 2 juin 2018 (43692256771).jpg|center|thumb|Antoine Martinez (10th from right) at a meeting of the National Council of European Resistance in 2018, alongside [[Christian Piquemal]], [[Christian Vanneste]], [[Renaud Camus]], [[Damien Rieu]], [[Karim Ouchikh]] and [[Ligue du Midi (political movement)|Richard Roudier]], among others.]] |
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The Volontaires pour la France cultivate a military idea and claim not to be a [[militia]]. On their website, they announce that “Volunteers can train, learn and practice thanks to training days, weekends and seminars organized by the organization's executives and led by specialists in all fields”.<ref name=":5" /> |
The Volontaires pour la France cultivate a military idea and claim not to be a [[militia]]. On their website, they announce that “Volunteers can train, learn and practice thanks to training days, weekends and seminars organized by the organization's executives and led by specialists in all fields”.<ref name=":5" /> |
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Under investigation by the [[General Directorate for Internal Security]], Volunteers for France formed as an association in 2016. A rift developed between the leaders, who wished to place their activism within a legal framework, and militants who wished to take action.<ref name=":5" /> The following year, led by recruiters Guy Sibra (who sat on the board of directors of the VPF) and Dominique Compain, a group of militants split off to found [[Action des Forces Opérationnelles]].<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name="Inrocks AFO 2018">{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2021 |author=Valentin Pacaud |date=4 July 2018 |title=Qui est vraiment Guy Sibra, l'ex-flic chef présumé du groupe antimusulman AFO ? |url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/guy-sibra-153091-04-07-2018/ |website=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> The group was dismantled and arrested in 2018, accused of planning an attack against Muslims.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
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Antoine Martinez presented his candidacy for the [[2022 French presidential election|2022 presidential election]] on July 12, 2020. In his declaration, he describes France as “fractured, disfigured and martyred”, in a “fight” that “can only be sovereignist, identitarian and cultural”,<ref name=":1" /> and hopes to “provoke the national awakening essential to the re-establishment of a strong state”, “outside of political parties”.<ref name=":6" /> He is supported by General Christian Piquemal.<ref name=":0" /> |
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In the [[2021 regional elections in Brittany]], the VPF, led by Yves Chauvel and labeled [[Sovereigntism|sovereignist]], obtained 0.07% of the regional vote.<ref name="régionales 2021">{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2021 |author=Olivier Mélennec |date=15 March 2021 |title=Élections régionales. Des dissidents du RN sur une liste " souverainiste " en Bretagne |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/bretagne/elections-regionales-des-dissidents-du-rn-sur-une-liste-souverainiste-en-bretagne-7187737 |website=[[Ouest-France]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref><ref name="résultats 2021">{{cite web |access-date=21 June 2021 |date=21 June 2021 |publisher=[[Minister of the Interior (France)|Ministère de l'Intérieur]] |title=Bretagne : Résultats de la région au 1er tour |url=https://elections.interieur.gouv.fr/regionales-2021/53/53.html |website=Élections régionales et des assemblées de Corse, Guyane et Martinique 2021}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> |
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=== Anti-immigration and anti-Islam media petitions === |
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Antoine Martinez came to prominence in 2016 when he signed an open letter to French President [[François Hollande]] criticizing the management of the [[2015 European migrant crisis|migrant crisis]] in [[Calais Jungle|Calais]],<ref name=":1" /> alongside [[Yvan Blot]] and generals Pierre Coursier and Jean du Verdier.<ref name=":7" /> They claim that Calais has become a lawless zone “''de facto'' abandoned by the authorities of the Republic” in the face of the “massive” entry of “illegal migrants”,<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Mallevoüe |first=Delphine de |date=2016-05-11 |title=Affaire Piquemal: un autre officier de haut rang menacé de sanctions |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/05/11/01016-20160511ARTFIG00267-affaire-piquemal-un-autre-officier-de-haut-rang-menace-de-sanctions.php |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref> who are causing Calais residents to suffer “a disastrous existential situation” “in the terror of mafia gangs”, even though they should enjoy the protection of the President, “guarantor of the integrity of the territory”. They call for changes to the [[Juxtaposed controls#Ferry|Le Touquet]] and [[Schengen Agreement|Schengen]] border treaties.<ref name=":7" /> This breach of his [[Duty of reserve in the French civil service|duty of reserve]] earned Martinez threats of sanction from the [[Ministry of Armed Forces (France)|Ministry of Defence]]. It was prompted by the controversial participation of Second Platoon General [[Christian Piquemal]] in a [[Pegida|Pegida France]] anti-immigration demonstration in Calais, for which he was disbarred from the army.<ref name=":8" /> Martinez founded<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Delaporte |first=Lucie |date=2021-04-26 |title=Marine Le Pen salue les apprentis putschistes: le retour du refoulé |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/260421/marine-le-pen-salue-les-apprentis-putschistes-le-retour-du-refoule |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}</ref> and chaired his support committee.<ref name=":3" /> |
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After calling for demonstrations within the [[Yellow vests protests|Yellow vests movement]] on November 17, 2018,.<ref>{{Cite news|author=|title=Conduite à l'extrême droite|date=2018-11-07|journal=[[Charlie Hebdo]]|issue=1372|url=https://charliehebdo.fr/2018/11/politique/digue-ecolo/}}</ref> he initiated an open letter to President [[Emmanuel Macron]] written by General [[Didier Tauzin]].<ref name=":9" /> The letter denounces the [[Global Compact for Migration]], known as the “Marrakech Pact”,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> which establishes a legally non-binding framework for international cooperation, claiming that the pact would instead cause a loss of national sovereignty over migration policies and accuses the President of the Republic of “treason”. It received the signatures of a dozen high-ranking military officers, including [[Christian Piquemal]], as well as former Defence Minister [[Charles Millon]]; the tribune was massively relayed by several Yellow vests groups.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 June 2021 |author=C. P. |date=14 December 2018 |title=Pacte de Marrakech : ces généraux qui accusent Macron de "trahison" |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/politique/pacte-de-marrakech-ces-generaux-qui-accusent-macron-de-trahison-14-12-2018-7969143.php |website=[[Le Parisien]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> |
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In April 2021, Antoine Martinez signed an article with seventeen other retired generals published by the far-right magazine ''[[Valeurs actuelles]]'' (including Christian Piquemal and several signatories of his 2018 open letter, and a second VPF member, General Roland Dubois).<ref name=":6" /> In it, they denounce a “disintegration” of the nation, requiring the immediate “eradication” of “Islamism” and of “the suburban hordes”, failing which “civil war will put an end to this growing chaos” by an “intervention of our active comrades in a perilous mission to protect our civilizational values”. The article, signed mainly by retired officers from the far right and close to conspiracy circles, has caused controversy.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Quénel |first=Nicolas |title=Allô, Paris ? Ici Moscou: plongée au coeur de la guerre de l'information |date=2023 |publisher=Denoël |isbn=978-2-207-17889-8 |location=Paris |pages=164–166}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-26 |title=Tribune de militaires dans "Valeurs Actuelles" : des généraux à la retraite proches de l'extrême-droite et de milieux conspirationnistes |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/front-national/tribune-de-militaires-dans-valeurs-actuelles-des-generaux-a-la-retraite-proches-de-l-extreme-droite-et-de-milieux-conspirationnistes_4387105.html |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}</ref> |
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=== Political ideas === |
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Antoine Martinez rejects the “radical” or “ultra-right” labels in favor of “patriotic”<ref name=":0" /> or “unabashedly right-wing”. He claims to defend France's “cultural heritage”, stemming from “Greco-Roman culture and the Christian religion”, so that the country “regains its greatness and power” and “once again becomes a beacon of humanity”.<ref name="Le Progrès">{{cite web |access-date=13 July 2021 |author=Sandrine Mangenot |date=10 July 2021 |title=Rochetaillée-sur-Saône. Candidat à la Présidentielle, le général Martinez fait étape dans le Rhône |url=https://www.leprogres.fr/politique/2021/07/10/candidat-a-la-presidentielle-le-general-martinez-fait-etape-dans-le-rhone |website=[[Le Progrès (Lyon)|Le Progrès]]}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> |
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His ideas are hostile to [[Immigration to France|immigration]] and [[Islam in France|Islam]],<ref name=":0" /> which he considers “absolutely not” compatible with the French Republic.<ref name="Le Progrès" /> He sees migrants as a “threat” to the “nation”,<ref name=":8" /> referring to “migratory submersion”<ref name=":6" /> and declaring that “there are more than two million radicalized Muslims in our country ready to switch to the jihadist signal”.<ref name=":0" /> He considers himself to be a “[[Whistleblowing|whistleblower]]” for his public statements on this subject; according to him, the “duty of expression takes precedence over the duty of reserve”, and he accuses the State of respecting neither the Constitution nor republican laws.<ref name=":8" /> |
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In his presidential project for 2022, Antoine Martinez calls for a ban on the [[hijab]] in public spaces and the “immediate closure of [[Muslim Brotherhood]]-aligned, [[Salafi movement|Salafist]], [[Tablighi Jamaat|Tabligh]], [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi]] and Turkish mosques”. He would like to see the [[loss of citizenship]] and deportation of dual nationals who commit crimes, together with their families, because according to him, “everything is linked”,<ref name=":0" /> as well as [[national preference]] for [[welfare]] and the abolition of [[multiple citizenship]] outside European countries. He also calls for a total halt to immigration outside Europe and the deportation of illegal immigrants to their countries of origin.<ref name="Le Progrès" /> |
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He claims to identify with the political vision of the [[Visegrád Group]], an Eastern European intergovernmental organization, and in particular with the Hungarian head of government [[Viktor Orbán]], whose “decisions [...] on this gender and LGBT issue” he “fully agrees with. We need to protect our children from these delusional excesses.”<ref name="Le Progrès" /> |
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Various sources, including ''Challenges'' magazine in an investigation described as “particularly well-documented” and that of journalist Nicolas Quénel, confirmed by sources within the army and [[DRSD|army intelligence]], place him among the pro-Russian military, under the influence of Kremlin propaganda and admirers of [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Izambard |first1=Antoine |last2=Lamigeon |first2=Vincent |date=2023-04-27 |title=Russie: révélations sur ces militaires français sous influence |url=https://www.challenges.fr/entreprise/defense/russie-revelations-sur-ces-militaires-francais-sous-influence_853283 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref> |
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== Notes and references == |
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<references /> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Martinez, Antoine}} |
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Latest revision as of 18:40, 13 May 2024
Antoine Martinez, born January 17, 1948,[1] is a French far-right activist and former general. He is president of the Volontaires pour la France (VPF) party since 2016.
A retired Air Force brigadier general since 2005, he entered politics in 2015. With politician Yvan Blot, he founded Volontaires pour la France, which brings together mainly former military and police officers and defends a radically anti-Islam, anti-immigration and nationalist line. It gained strength after the November 2015 Paris attacks. More radical militants split off in 2017 to form Action des Forces Opérationnelles.
Antoine Martinez gained media notoriety through his participation in “generals' tribunes”, signed alongside Christian Piquemal and Didier Tauzin, which criticized the management of immigration by François Hollande and then by Emmanuel Macron. Martinez is also a member of the National Council of European Resistance, founded by identitarian Renaud Camus and described as pro-Russian.
Military career
[edit]Antoine François Martinez[2] was born in 1948[3] and spent his childhood in Oran, French Algeria.[1]
A brigadier general in the French Air Force,[4] he joined the Second Section (reservists who have left active service)[5] in 2005.[6] In 2018, he resided in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes.[7]
He is an executive member of the Association des Officiers de Réserve (which is part of the Union Nationale des Officiers de Réserve),[8] an association of retired officers in the Pyrénées-Orientales region,[9] and was re-elected to its presidency in 2013.[10]
Political activism
[edit]Volontaires pour la France
[edit]Alongside Yvan Blot, co-founder of the Carrefour de l'Horloge and then National Front MEP in the 1990s, Antoine Martinez co-founded “Volontaires pour la France” in the summer of 2015.[9][11] Essentially made up of former members of the army and police,[1][9] the far-right[12] political organization's aim is to “fight” the “Islamization” and “Africanization” of Europe to “defend French identity”,[11][13] and to combat the so-called international lobbies that would have allegedly “captured” democratic power.[9]
Born on the Internet, the organization organized its first event in October 2015 in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region[9] and gained momentum in the wake of the November 2015 Paris attacks.[11] After registering its trademark in November 2015,[14] the organization was incorporated as an association under the French law of 1901 in October 2016 in Ingré (Loiret),[14] by Gérard Hardy[14] (then as a political party between 2017 and 2018). Martinez and Blot took over the presidency. Following the death of Yvan Blot in 2018, Antoine Martinez assumes the presidency alone.[4]
The VPF claim 800 members in 2018,[15] while Mediapart puts the figure at just 50.[7] The party has a list of “Honorary Volunteers”, which testifies to the ethnocultural nature of its nationalism. It includes anti-Islam activists, traditionalist national Catholics and ultraconservatives: Father Guy Pagès, Brother Thierry, Americans Steve King and Rosine Ghawji, General Christian Piquemal, former MP Christian Vanneste and Renaud Camus, propagator of the conspiracy theory of the Great Replacement[15][16] and cofounder of the National Council of European Resistance, who Antoine Martinez is a member of.[17]
The Volontaires pour la France cultivate a military idea and claim not to be a militia. On their website, they announce that “Volunteers can train, learn and practice thanks to training days, weekends and seminars organized by the organization's executives and led by specialists in all fields”.[7]
Under investigation by the General Directorate for Internal Security, Volunteers for France formed as an association in 2016. A rift developed between the leaders, who wished to place their activism within a legal framework, and militants who wished to take action.[7] The following year, led by recruiters Guy Sibra (who sat on the board of directors of the VPF) and Dominique Compain, a group of militants split off to found Action des Forces Opérationnelles.[7][14][18] The group was dismantled and arrested in 2018, accused of planning an attack against Muslims.[1][4]
Antoine Martinez presented his candidacy for the 2022 presidential election on July 12, 2020. In his declaration, he describes France as “fractured, disfigured and martyred”, in a “fight” that “can only be sovereignist, identitarian and cultural”,[4] and hopes to “provoke the national awakening essential to the re-establishment of a strong state”, “outside of political parties”.[13] He is supported by General Christian Piquemal.[1]
In the 2021 regional elections in Brittany, the VPF, led by Yves Chauvel and labeled sovereignist, obtained 0.07% of the regional vote.[19][20]
Anti-immigration and anti-Islam media petitions
[edit]Antoine Martinez came to prominence in 2016 when he signed an open letter to French President François Hollande criticizing the management of the migrant crisis in Calais,[4] alongside Yvan Blot and generals Pierre Coursier and Jean du Verdier.[5] They claim that Calais has become a lawless zone “de facto abandoned by the authorities of the Republic” in the face of the “massive” entry of “illegal migrants”,[21] who are causing Calais residents to suffer “a disastrous existential situation” “in the terror of mafia gangs”, even though they should enjoy the protection of the President, “guarantor of the integrity of the territory”. They call for changes to the Le Touquet and Schengen border treaties.[5] This breach of his duty of reserve earned Martinez threats of sanction from the Ministry of Defence. It was prompted by the controversial participation of Second Platoon General Christian Piquemal in a Pegida France anti-immigration demonstration in Calais, for which he was disbarred from the army.[21] Martinez founded[22] and chaired his support committee.[11]
After calling for demonstrations within the Yellow vests movement on November 17, 2018,.[23] he initiated an open letter to President Emmanuel Macron written by General Didier Tauzin.[22] The letter denounces the Global Compact for Migration, known as the “Marrakech Pact”,[4][9] which establishes a legally non-binding framework for international cooperation, claiming that the pact would instead cause a loss of national sovereignty over migration policies and accuses the President of the Republic of “treason”. It received the signatures of a dozen high-ranking military officers, including Christian Piquemal, as well as former Defence Minister Charles Millon; the tribune was massively relayed by several Yellow vests groups.[24]
In April 2021, Antoine Martinez signed an article with seventeen other retired generals published by the far-right magazine Valeurs actuelles (including Christian Piquemal and several signatories of his 2018 open letter, and a second VPF member, General Roland Dubois).[13] In it, they denounce a “disintegration” of the nation, requiring the immediate “eradication” of “Islamism” and of “the suburban hordes”, failing which “civil war will put an end to this growing chaos” by an “intervention of our active comrades in a perilous mission to protect our civilizational values”. The article, signed mainly by retired officers from the far right and close to conspiracy circles, has caused controversy.[1][6][25][26]
Political ideas
[edit]Antoine Martinez rejects the “radical” or “ultra-right” labels in favor of “patriotic”[1] or “unabashedly right-wing”. He claims to defend France's “cultural heritage”, stemming from “Greco-Roman culture and the Christian religion”, so that the country “regains its greatness and power” and “once again becomes a beacon of humanity”.[27]
His ideas are hostile to immigration and Islam,[1] which he considers “absolutely not” compatible with the French Republic.[27] He sees migrants as a “threat” to the “nation”,[21] referring to “migratory submersion”[13] and declaring that “there are more than two million radicalized Muslims in our country ready to switch to the jihadist signal”.[1] He considers himself to be a “whistleblower” for his public statements on this subject; according to him, the “duty of expression takes precedence over the duty of reserve”, and he accuses the State of respecting neither the Constitution nor republican laws.[21]
In his presidential project for 2022, Antoine Martinez calls for a ban on the hijab in public spaces and the “immediate closure of Muslim Brotherhood-aligned, Salafist, Tabligh, Wahhabi and Turkish mosques”. He would like to see the loss of citizenship and deportation of dual nationals who commit crimes, together with their families, because according to him, “everything is linked”,[1] as well as national preference for welfare and the abolition of multiple citizenship outside European countries. He also calls for a total halt to immigration outside Europe and the deportation of illegal immigrants to their countries of origin.[27]
He claims to identify with the political vision of the Visegrád Group, an Eastern European intergovernmental organization, and in particular with the Hungarian head of government Viktor Orbán, whose “decisions [...] on this gender and LGBT issue” he “fully agrees with. We need to protect our children from these delusional excesses.”[27]
Various sources, including Challenges magazine in an investigation described as “particularly well-documented” and that of journalist Nicolas Quénel, confirmed by sources within the army and army intelligence, place him among the pro-Russian military, under the influence of Kremlin propaganda and admirers of Vladimir Putin.[25][28]
Notes and references
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Étienne Girard (2021-05-03). "Antoine Martinez, le général qui veut durcir le programme de Marine Le Pen". L'Express. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
- ^ Décret du 7 juillet 2004 portant promotion et nomination.
- ^ Martinez, Antoine (2012). Martinez, Antoine (1948-....). Editions Amalthée. ISBN 978-2-310-01314-7. Retrieved 2021-06-20.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help). - ^ a b c d e f Pousson, Juliette; Prudhomme, Marion; Laratte, Aubin; Tésorière, Ronan; Hammadi, Anissa (2021-04-28). ""Guerre civile" et tribune d'ex-militaires : qui sont les signataires ?". Le Parisien (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ a b c "Migrants : la lettre ouverte de trois généraux à François Hollande". Le Figaro (in French). 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ a b "Présidentielle 2022 : qui sont les douze candidats ?". Le Monde.fr (in French). 2021-06-02. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ a b c d e Massey, Matthieu Suc, Marine Turchi, Jacques (2018-06-24). "Coup de filet au sein d'une cellule clandestine de l'ultra-droite". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "L'Association des officiers de réserve 66 a tenu à Prades son assemblée générale". Midi libre. 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2021-06-21..
- ^ a b c d e f Lebourg, Nicolas (January 8, 2021). "Extreme-Right Terrorist Radicalization in France since November 13, 2015". Illiberalism.org. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ M. M. (2013-04-10). "Le général Martinez reste à la tête de l'association des officiers de réserve". L'Indépendant. Retrieved 2021-06-21..
- ^ a b c d Devin, Willy Le. "Projet d'attentats : un groupuscule d'ultradroite franchit un palier". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ "Ultradroite : que préparait l'Action des forces opérationnelles ?". Franceinfo (in French). 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ a b c d "Qui trouve-t-on parmi les signataires de la tribune polémique de militaires adressée à Macron ?". TF1 INFO (in French). 2021-04-27. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ a b c d "AFO, les inquiétants Pieds nickelés de l'ultradroite". L'Express (in French). 2019-11-16. Retrieved 2024-04-27.
- ^ a b Boris Thiolay (16 November 2019). "AFO, les inquiétants Pieds nickelés de l'ultradroite". L'Express. Retrieved 20 June 2021..
- ^ Jade Toussay (17 December 2018). "Des chefs militaires menacés de sanctions disciplinaires pour avoir accusé Macron de "trahison"". Le HuffPost. Retrieved 21 June 2021..
- ^ Jean-Yves Camus interviewed by Camille Vigogne Le Coat (27 April 2021). "Jean-Yves Camus : "Marine Le Pen est en tournée électorale des casernes"". L'Express. Retrieved 20 June 2021..
- ^ Valentin Pacaud (4 July 2018). "Qui est vraiment Guy Sibra, l'ex-flic chef présumé du groupe antimusulman AFO ?". Les Inrockuptibles. Retrieved 21 June 2021..
- ^ Olivier Mélennec (15 March 2021). "Élections régionales. Des dissidents du RN sur une liste " souverainiste " en Bretagne". Ouest-France. Retrieved 20 June 2021..
- ^ "Bretagne : Résultats de la région au 1er tour". Élections régionales et des assemblées de Corse, Guyane et Martinique 2021. Ministère de l'Intérieur. 21 June 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2021..
- ^ a b c d Mallevoüe, Delphine de (2016-05-11). "Affaire Piquemal: un autre officier de haut rang menacé de sanctions". Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-28.
- ^ a b Delaporte, Lucie (2021-04-26). "Marine Le Pen salue les apprentis putschistes: le retour du refoulé". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 2024-04-28.
- ^ "Conduite à l'extrême droite". Charlie Hebdo. No. 1372. 2018-11-07.
- ^ C. P. (14 December 2018). "Pacte de Marrakech : ces généraux qui accusent Macron de "trahison"". Le Parisien. Retrieved 20 June 2021..
- ^ a b Quénel, Nicolas (2023). Allô, Paris ? Ici Moscou: plongée au coeur de la guerre de l'information. Paris: Denoël. pp. 164–166. ISBN 978-2-207-17889-8.
- ^ "Tribune de militaires dans "Valeurs Actuelles" : des généraux à la retraite proches de l'extrême-droite et de milieux conspirationnistes". Franceinfo (in French). 2021-04-26. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
- ^ a b c d Sandrine Mangenot (10 July 2021). "Rochetaillée-sur-Saône. Candidat à la Présidentielle, le général Martinez fait étape dans le Rhône". Le Progrès. Retrieved 13 July 2021..
- ^ Izambard, Antoine; Lamigeon, Vincent (2023-04-27). "Russie: révélations sur ces militaires français sous influence". Challenges (in French). Retrieved 2024-05-06.