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April 2015 Nepal earthquake: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 28°08′49″N 84°42′29″E / 28.147°N 84.708°E / 28.147; 84.708
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|damage = $3.5 billion direct losses<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake-report.com/2015/04/25/massive-earthquake-nepal-on-april-25-2015/ |title=Deadly earthquake Nepal – At least 1,989 people killed – very strong new earthquake East of Kathmandu |work=Earthquake-Report.com |last1=Vervaeck |first1=Armand |last2=Daniell |first2=James |date=26 April 2015}}</ref>}}
|damage = $3.5 billion direct losses<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake-report.com/2015/04/25/massive-earthquake-nepal-on-april-25-2015/ |title=Deadly earthquake Nepal – At least 1,989 people killed – very strong new earthquake East of Kathmandu |work=Earthquake-Report.com |last1=Vervaeck |first1=Armand |last2=Daniell |first2=James |date=26 April 2015}}</ref>}}


The '''2015 Nepal earthquake''' (also referred to as the '''Himalayan earthquake''')<ref>{{cite news|author1=Cindy Tran|author2=Liam Quinn|title=Desperate families of DOZENS of Australians unaccounted in the deadly Himalayan earthquake disaster take to social media with pleas for help finding their loved ones|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3055268/If-know-pray-sister-Family-Australian-orphanage-worker-missing-huge-earthquake-rocks-Nepal-killing-700-desperate-news-loved-one.html|accessdate=26 April 2015|work=Daily Mail|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Chidanand Rajghatta|title=s this the 'Big Himalayan Quake' we feared?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Is-this-the-Big-Himalayan-Quake-we-feared/articleshow/47055477.cms|accessdate=26 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> occurred and aired at {{tooltip|11:56 NST|6:11:26 UTC; NST—Nepal Standard Time}} on 25 April on [[Cartoon Network]] with a [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] (M<sub>w</sub>) of 7.8 and a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli Intensity]] of IX (''Violent''). Its [[epicenter]] was approximately {{convert|34|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]], [[Nepal]], and its [[hypocenter]] was at a depth of approximately {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name= USGS /> It is the most powerful disaster to strike Nepal since the [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake]]. Over 2,500&nbsp;people are known to have died as a result, with casualties reported in Nepal and adjoining areas of [[India]], [[China]], and [[Bangladesh]].
The '''2015 Nepal earthquake''' (also referred to as the '''Himalayan earthquake''')<ref>{{cite news|author1=Cindy Tran|author2=Liam Quinn|title=Desperate families of DOZENS of Australians unaccounted in the deadly Himalayan earthquake disaster take to social media with pleas for help finding their loved ones|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3055268/If-know-pray-sister-Family-Australian-orphanage-worker-missing-huge-earthquake-rocks-Nepal-killing-700-desperate-news-loved-one.html|accessdate=26 April 2015|work=Daily Mail|date=25 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Chidanand Rajghatta|title=s this the 'Big Himalayan Quake' we feared?|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Is-this-the-Big-Himalayan-Quake-we-feared/articleshow/47055477.cms|accessdate=26 April 2015|work=The Times of India|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> occurred at {{tooltip|11:56 NST|6:11:26 UTC; NST—Nepal Standard Time}} on 25 April 2015 with a [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] (M<sub>w</sub>) of 7.8 and a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli Intensity]] of IX (''Violent''). Its [[epicenter]] was approximately {{convert|34|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-southeast of [[Lamjung District|Lamjung]], [[Nepal]], and its [[hypocenter]] was at a depth of approximately {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name= USGS /> It is the most powerful disaster to strike Nepal since the [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake]]. Over 2,500&nbsp;people are known to have died as a result, with casualties reported in Nepal and adjoining areas of [[India]], [[China]], and [[Bangladesh]].


The earthquake triggered an avalanche on [[Mount Everest]], killing at least 17. The death toll surpassed that of the [[2014 Mount Everest avalanche]], making it the most lethal day on the mountain.<ref>{{cite news|title=First survivors of Mount Everest avalanche reach Kathmandu|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/26/8-dead-as-quake-triggered-avalanche-sweeps-everest-in-nepal/|accessdate=26 April 2015|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Fox News|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites|World Heritage sites]] in the [[Kathmandu Valley]], including some at the [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]].
The earthquake triggered an avalanche on [[Mount Everest]], killing at least 17. The death toll surpassed that of the [[2014 Mount Everest avalanche]], making it the most lethal day on the mountain.<ref>{{cite news|title=First survivors of Mount Everest avalanche reach Kathmandu|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/26/8-dead-as-quake-triggered-avalanche-sweeps-everest-in-nepal/|accessdate=26 April 2015|agency=The Associated Press|publisher=Fox News|date=26 April 2015}}</ref> Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites|World Heritage sites]] in the [[Kathmandu Valley]], including some at the [[Kathmandu Durbar Square]].

Revision as of 00:51, 27 April 2015

2015 Nepal earthquake
April 2015 Nepal earthquake is located in Nepal
April 2015 Nepal earthquake
Kathmandu
Kathmandu
UTC time??
Magnitude7.8 Mw[1]
Depth15.0 kilometers (9 mi)[1]
Epicenter28°08′49″N 84°42′29″E / 28.147°N 84.708°E / 28.147; 84.708[1]
TypeThrust[1]
Areas affected
Total damage$3.5 billion direct losses[2]
Max. intensityIX (Violent)[1]
Aftershocks6.6 Mw on 25 April at 12:30[3]
6.7 Mw on 26 April at 12:54 [4]
Casualties2,548 dead[5]

The 2015 Nepal earthquake (also referred to as the Himalayan earthquake)[6][7] occurred at 11:56 NST on 25 April 2015 with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.8 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (Violent). Its epicenter was approximately 34 km (21 mi) east-southeast of Lamjung, Nepal, and its hypocenter was at a depth of approximately 15 km (9.3 mi).[1] It is the most powerful disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake. Over 2,500 people are known to have died as a result, with casualties reported in Nepal and adjoining areas of India, China, and Bangladesh.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 17. The death toll surpassed that of the 2014 Mount Everest avalanche, making it the most lethal day on the mountain.[8] Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Kathmandu Valley, including some at the Kathmandu Durbar Square.

Continued aftershocks occurred and aired throughout Nepal, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08 NST on Cartoon Network.[4]

Tectonic setting

Map of the tectonic setting in the Himalayan region

Nepal lies towards the southern limit of the diffuse collisional boundary where the Indian Plate underthrusts the Eurasian Plate.[9] The convergence rate between the plates in central Nepal is about 45 mm (1.8 in) per year. The location, magnitude and focal mechanism of the earthquake suggest that it was caused by a slip along the Main Frontal Thrust.[1] The earthquake's effects were amplified in Kathmandu as it is sited on the Kathmandu Basin, which contains up to 600 m (2,000 ft) of sedimentary rocks, representing the infilling of a lake.[10]

Earthquake

Map of the earthquake and its aftershocks

The earthquake occurred on 25 April 2015 at 11:56 NST (6:11:26 UTC) at a depth of approximately 15 km (9.3 mi), with its epicenter approximately 34 km (21 mi) east-southeast of Lamjung, Nepal, lasting approximately twenty seconds.[11] The earthquake was initially reported as 7.5 Mw by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) before it was quickly upgraded to 7.9 Mw and finally downgraded to 7.8 Mw. The China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC) reported the earthquake's magnitude to be 8.1 Ms. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said two powerful quakes were registered in Nepal at 06:11 UTC and 06:45 UTC. The first quake measured 7.9 Mw and its epicenter was identified at a distance of 80 km to the northwest of the capital Kathmandu. The second earthquake was somewhat less powerful at 6.6 Mw. The seismic focus lay at a depth of 10 km (6.2 mi) below the earth's surface. Bharatpur was the nearest major city to the earthquake, 53 km (33 mi) from the epicenter; this second earthquake occurred 81 km (50 mi) northwest of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Over thirty-five aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 Mw or greater occurred following the initial earthquake, including one of magnitude 6.6 Mw, which occurred a few minutes after the earthquake.[12]

On Mount Everest, several hundred trekkers were attempting an ascent when the earthquake struck, setting off avalanches, according to climbers there.[13] The avalanche on Saturday rumbled down the treacherous Khumbu Icefall and slammed into the mountaineering base camp, killing at least 17 climbers and injuring at least 37 others, Nepalese officials said.[14]

Intensity

Nepal earthquake ShakeMap

According to "Did You Feel It?" (DYFI) responses on the USGS website, the intensity in Kathmandu was IX (Violent).[1] Tremors were felt in the neighboring Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat[15] and in the Indian capital region around New Delhi.[16] Many buildings were brought down in Bihar. Minor cracks in the walls of houses were reported in Odisha. Minor quakes were registered as far as Kochi in the southern state of Kerala. The intensity in Patna was V (Moderate).[17] The intensity was IV (Light) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, per DYFI responses on the USGS site.[1] The earthquake was also experienced across southwestern China, ranging form the Tibet Autonomous Region to Chengdu, which is 1,900 km (1,200 mi) away from the epicenter.[18] Tremors were also felt in Pakistan[19] and Bhutan.[1]

Impact

Deaths Injuries Ref.
Nepal Nepal 2,460 6,492 [5]
India India 66 259 [5][20]
China China 18 55 [21]
Bangladesh Bangladesh 4 200 [22]
Total 2,548 7,006

According to Nepal police spokesman Kamal Singh Bam, at least 2,500 people were killed and 6,911 injured in Nepal alone.[23]

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 17 people at South Base Camp.[24][25] An Indian Army mountaineering team recovered the bodies of 19 mountaineers from Everest base camp and rescued at least 61 stranded climbers from Mount Everest.[26][27][28] Google engineer Dan Fredinburg, climbing with three other company employees and documenting the trek on social media, was among the casualties.[29] From 700 to more than 1,000 people were thought to be on the mountain at the time, with at least 61 injured, "dozens" missing, and many more initially stranded at camps at higher altitudes, having lost secure descent routes.[25][24][30][31][32][33] Mount Everest is approximately 220 kilometres (140 mi) east of the epicentre.

Helicopters of the Indian Air Force reached Mount Everest on the morning of April 26 for rescue operations,[34] managing to transport 22 of the badly injured to Pheriche village, before the operation was halted by bad weather.[35] Pheriche is an important stopover for climbers, and has a rudimentary hospital usually staffed by locals and foreign volunteers. Later that day, a helicopter reportedly evacuated several climbers from Everest Camp 1, the first stage above Base Camp, with some 100 mountaineers still unable to safely descend from Camp 1 and 2.[36]

The Tribhuvan International Airport serving Kathmandu was closed immediately after the quake, but was re-opened later in the day for relief operations, with commercial flights planned to resume on April 26.[37]

The Dharahara before the earthquake

Buildings in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Kathmandu Durbar Square collapsed,[11] as did the Dharahara tower, built in 1832, killing at least 180 people,[38][39][40][41] and Manakamana Temple located in Gorkha. The northern side of Janaki Mandir has been reported to be damaged.[42] Several temples, including Kasthamandap, Panchtale temple, the nine-storey Basantapur Durbar, the Dasa Avtar temple, Krishna Mandir and two dewals located behind the Shiva Parvati temple, were demolished by the quake. A few other monuments, including the Kumari Temple and the Taleju Bhawani, among others, have partially collapsed. The top of the Jay Bageshwori Temple in Gaushala and some parts of the Pashupatinath Temple, Swyambhunath, Boudhanath Stupa, Ratna Mandir, inside Rani Pokhari, and Durbar High School have been destroyed.[43]

In Patan, the Char Narayan Mandir, the statue of Yog Narendra Malla, a pati inside Patan Durbar Square, the Taleju Temple, the Hari Shanker and Uma Maheshwor Temple and the Machhindranath Temple in Bungmati were destroyed. In Tripureshwor, the Kal Mochan Ghat, a temple inspired by Mughal architecture, was completely destroyed and the nearby Tripura Sundari also suffered significant damage.[43] In Bhaktapur, several monuments, including the Fasi Deva temple, the Chardham temple and the 17th century Vatsala Durga Temple, were fully or partially destroyed.[43]

File:Nepal earthquake 001.jpg
Kathmandu Durbar Square before and after the earthquake

At the Valley, the Manakamana Temple in Gorkha, the Gorkha Durbar, the Palanchowk Bhagwati, in Kavrepalanchowk District, the Rani Mahal in Palpa District, the Janaki Mandir in Janakpur, the Churiyamai in Makwanpur District, the Dolakha Bhimsensthan in Dolakha District, and the Nuwakot Durbar were partially destroyed.[43]

Historian Prushottam Lochan Shrestha stated, "We have lost most of the monuments that had been designated as World Heritage Sites in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur District, Nepal. They cannot be restored to their original states."[43]

Aftershocks

A major aftershock of magnitude 6.7 Mw occurred on 26 April 2015 in the same region at 12:45 NST (07:09 UTC), with an epicenter located about 17 km (11 mi) south of Kodari, Nepal.[19][44] The aftershock caused fresh avalanches on Mount Everest and was felt in many places in northern India.[45] Tremors were felt in most parts of north and northeast India including Kolkata, Siliguri and Assam. Minutes after the first aftershock, Nepal felt another measuring 5.0 in magnitude.[46]

A model of GeoGateway, based on a USGS mechanism, of a near-horizontal fault and location of aftershocks showed, that the fault was an 11° dip striking at 295°, 50 km wide, 150 km long, and had a dip slip of 3 m.[47] The US Geological Survey says the aftershock on Sunday registered at a shallow depth of 10 kilometers (6 miles).[46]

Aftershocks were also felt in Bihar, India on 26 Apr 2015 at 12:30 (IST) and 22:50 (IST).

Response

Nations

  •  Algeria — According to Xinhua News Agency, Algeria has dispatched 70 relief workers, medicines, and other supplies to Nepal.[48]
  •  Australia — Foreign Minister Julie Bishop announced an immediate AUD 5 million aid package of life-saving humanitarian support to Nepal consisting of 2.5 million to assist Australian non-government organisations, 2.0 million to support United Nations partners, and 0.5 million to support the Australian Red Cross.[49]
  •  Bangladesh — Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina expressed profound shock at the loss of lives in the earthquake[50] and sent a BAF Lockheed C-130B aircraft with 10 tonnes of relief materials, including tents, dry food, water and blankets carrying a 34-member team consisting of 6 military medical teams and representatives of the Foreign Ministry. The plane later left the teams in Nepal and returned with 50 Bangladeshi citizens, including stranded women, minors and the visiting under-14 female football team.[51][52][53]
  •  Bhutan — Economic Affairs Minister Norbu Wangchuk expressed his condolences and solidarity with the people of Nepal. Wangchuk said that the celebration of World Intellectual Property was to be suspended in solidarity with the people of Nepal. Wangchuk added that there had been no major damages in Bhutan.[54]
  •  Brazil — The Brazilian Ministry of External Relations released a note expressing "deep sadness" and conveying its "condolences and solidarity to the families of the victims, the people and the Government of Nepal."[55]
  •  Canada — Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a statement offering “heartfelt condolences to the people of Nepal and northern India” and “wish[ing] a speedy recovery to all those injured”. The statement clarified that Canadian officials in the region were “working with Nepalese and Indian authorities” to locate and ensure the safety of any Canadians in the area, while also “cooperat[ing] with international partners [to] assess the needs of the affected populations to determine how Canada may most effectively assist with the disaster. We mourn with the people of Nepal and India in the aftermath of this terrible natural disaster and offer our help and our prayers."[56] Foreign Affairs Minister Rob Nicholson said Canada is reaching out to provide help to the country. "Canada will do everything it can to assist" and is contributing CAD 5 million to the relief efforts, as well as deploying elements of the country's Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) to Nepal to assess how to best help with the situation.[57] A DART advance group, consisting of 30 experts, departed for Nepal on the evening of 26 April.[58] At least 388 Canadians were registered as being in Nepal at the time of the earthquake; the exact number is unclear since traveller registration with the Canadian government is voluntary.[59]
  •  China — Premier Li Keqiang sent messages of condolences to the Prime Minister of Nepal, Sushil Koirala, and pledged to offer assistance.[60] Xi Jinping, the President of China, sent his condolences to Nepalese President Ram Baran Yadav and pledged to offer assistance.[61] The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) deployed 68 of its members, as well as 6 search and rescue dogs, to Nepal via chartered plane in the early morning of 26 April, Beijing time.[62][63][64] On 26 April, the Chinese government announced that it will provide CNY 20 million (USD 3.3 million) in humanitarian aid in the form of tents, blankets and generators.[65] The Chinese embassy in Nepal launched an emergency response mechanism to help with the Chinese nationals injured in the disaster.[66]
    •  Hong Kong — Chief Executive CY Leung sent a letter of condolence to Nepalese President Ram Baran Yadav, to express his deepest sympathies to the victims of the disastrous earthquake in Nepal on behalf of Hong Kong Government and the people of Hong Kong.[67]
  •  Denmark — The government has sent DKK 5 million to Nepal, and Development Minister Mogens Jensen indicates that additional aid will likely be forthcoming. "It is a terrible situation for … one of the world's poorest countries", he observed, "Therefore it is important for us to be there with support and help". Jensen added that Denmark is "clearly ready to contribute more if there is a need for it". On top of the official aid, multiple Danish humanitarian organizations are in the process of raising funds for Nepal .[68]
  •  Egypt — Egypt's government expressed condolences to Nepal's government and people in an official statement, stressing that it stood with Nepal in its diversity, paid respect to the victims and wished the wounded people a rapid recovery.[69]
  •  Finland — The Finnish Red Cross has launched a fundraising campaign for Nepal, and is preparing to send a team of relief workers to the region.[70]
  •  France — On 25 April, the government of France expressed solidarity with the people and government of Nepal. A crisis centre was set up at France's Foreign Ministry, and a reinforcement team sent to New Delhi.[71] On 26 April 2015, Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Development Laurent Fabius announced that an initial mission of 11 rescuers plus equipment and supplies was departing for Kathmandu that morning. Additional assistance would follow according to the needs and demands of local authorities and NGOs.[72]
  •  Germany — On the day of the quake, the government of Germany pledged to provide assistance.[73] On Sunday, a team of 52 German relief workers—including physicians, expert searchers, and multiple dog squads—will land in Nepal with a mobile medical treatment centre, according to International Search and Rescue Germany.[74]
  •  India — India was the first nation to respond to the crisis, by launching a full-fledged rescue and relief operation codenamed Operation Maitri. Within 15 minutes of the quake,[75] Prime Minister Narendra Modi responded, directing immediate dispatch of relief and rescue teams, including medical team, to Nepal. By the same afternoon, ten teams from India's National Disaster Response Force, totaling 450 personnel and including several search and rescue dogs, had already arrived in Nepal; ten additional Indian Air Force planes soon departed to join them with further aid.[76] In the immediate aftermath of the quake, India sent 43 tons of relief material, including tents and food.[77] Modi spoke with Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala and assured him of India's support and assistance.[78] The Indian Army sent a major general to Nepal to oversee the rescue and relief efforts. The Indian Air Force mobilised its Ilyushin Il-76, C-130J Hercules and C-17 Globemaster transport aircraft and Mi-17 helicopters for Operation Maitri. Up to eight Mi-17 helicopters are being used for missions such as air-dropping relief materials.[79][80] The Indian Air Force evacuated over 500 citizens from Nepal late Saturday through Sunday morning, and hundreds more on Sunday.[81][82] Ten flights were planned for Sunday. These would airlift army forward hospitals, teams of doctors, nurses, and paramedics, engineering task forces, water, food, National Disaster Response Force teams, medical personnel and equipment, blankets and tents.[83] Prime Minister Modi vowed to wipe the tears of every person in Nepal in his Mann Ki Baat address to the nation.[84] An Indian army mountaineering team recovered the bodies of 19 mountaineers from Everest base camp and rescued at least 61 stranded climbers from Mount Everest.[26][27][28] Indian Air Force helicopters reached Mount Everest on the morning of April 26 for rescue operations.[34] Indian Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar announced that six more National Disaster Response Force teams would be sent to Nepal in the next 48 hours. He also announced that the aircraft sent to Nepal would not just rescue Indians, but citizens of other countries as well.[85] By Sunday end, India dispatched a further 10 tons of blankets, 50 tons of water, 22 tons of food items and 2 tons of medicines to Kathmandu. Nearly 1,000 National Disaster Response Force personnel were also pressed into service, and a "big evacuation" of Indian citizens was underway through the road route. The government deployed 35 buses to evacuate stranded Indians in Nepal via two routes - Sonauli and Raxaul - along the Indo-Nepal border. India started issuing goodwill visas to foreigners stranded in Nepal and mobilizing buses and ambulances to bring them to India by road.[86] Indian Railways shipped 100,000 (one lakh) bottles of drinking water via the Air Force to be delivered as part of the relief minister. Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu later tweeted out that there were arrangements being made to supply 100,000 bottles every day.[87] Air India reduced fares on flights bound for Kathmandu from Delhi, Kolkata, Varanasi, and announced that it would also carry relief material on its flights.[88]
  •  Iran — President Hassan Rouhani offered “sympathy and condolences” to the people of Nepal and to their President Ram Baran Yadav. Rouhani wished for a swift recovery of the injured and patience for the bereaved families.[89] Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Marzieh Afkham also expressed sympathy with the Nepalese government and nation over deadly earthquake that hit the country earlier in the day, offering condolences to the families of the victims and wishing immediate recovery to those injured in the disaster.[90] The Iranian Red Crescent Society declared its readiness to assist and to cooperate with the NRCS. The IRCS prepared a 40 ton humanitarian relief package to dispatch to Nepal; however, due to the critical conditions of the Kathmandu Airport, the package will be delivered through one of the neighboring countries.[91][92][93]
  •  Iraq — Iraq said they were working with Iraqi citizens in Nepal.[citation needed]
  •  Ireland — Ireland's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade said that the families of at least 51 Irish citizens in Nepal could contact them and that they were working to contact the people.[94]
  •  Israel — Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu dispatched a search and rescue team that included physicians to Nepal, and expressed Israel's willingness to assist in any way possible.[95] Interior Minister Gilad Erdan also affirmed that Israel would assist the families of 24 surrogate babies, 9 of them born prematurely by evacuating them to India and flying them to Israel to continue necessary medical procedures.[96] On 26 April, two El Al Boeing 747-400 jumbo jets carrying an IDF search and rescue delegation, with medical elements and necessary equipment, were dispatched to Nepal. The return flights will carry survivors along with the surrogate infants.[97]
  •  Italy — The Foreign Ministry made €300,000 available for emergency aid to Nepal.[98]
  •  Japan — Within half a day of the quake, Japan's government had offered emergency assistance. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) are sending 70 experts; they are scheduled to depart from Narita International Airport on 26 April, and will serve in Nepal for 7 days. The team includes experts from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Police Agency, and JICA, along with rescuers, search and rescue dog handlers, communication specialists, physicians, and field coordinators. The Association of Medical Doctors of Asia (AMDA) and Shapla Neer announced on SNS that they have begun coordinating their emergency assistance.[99]
  •  Kuwait — On 26 April, Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait, contacted the Prime Minister of Nepal to express his sorrow over the devastation in the latter country, and convey wishes for rapid recovery. The Crown Prince of Kuwait, Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, and the Prime Minister, Sheikh Jaber Al-Mubarak Al-Hamad Al-Sabah, sent similar messages.[100]
  •  Lithuania — President Dalia Grybauskaitė and Prime Minister Algirdas Butkevičius both offered their condolences and solidarity with the people of Nepal.[101][102] Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that there was at least 49 Lithuanian citizens in Nepal during the catastrophe and none of them were injured.[103][104]
  •  Malaysia — Foreign Minister Anifah Aman said his country was ready to extend assistance to Nepal once the access to the Tribhuvan International Airport been restored.[105] Later, Prime Minister Najib Razak announced that Malaysia will send 20 medical doctors from Mercy Malaysia along with a 30-man rescue team from the Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) with medicines and medical supplies to Kathmandu by C-130 aircraft. The aircraft will also standby there to evacuate all Malaysians in the region to Kuala Lumpur.[106]
  •  Mexico — On the day of the quake, the government of Mexico pledged to provide assistance.[73]
  •  Monaco — On the day of the quake, Monaco's government indicated that it planned to send aid to Nepal "in the coming hours".[98]
  •  Netherlands — The Dutch Urban Search and Rescue Team (USAR) has mobilized a 62-human and 8-dog contingent to send to Nepal; they will arrive, accompanied by a cohort of Dutch physicians, nurses, and engineers, as well as 5 tons of relief supplies, on 28 April. USAR is very highly experienced, and able to operate independently, so their presence does not deplete local sources of food, water, or shelter. The Netherlands' € 4 million financial contribution is being managed by the Dutch Relief Alliance. Founded the day prior to the earthquake, the Alliance coordinates the efforts of Dutch aid agencies and humanitarian organizations in order to expedite the response to disasters.[107]
  •  New Zealand — New Zealand sent an initial NZD million in humanitarian aid, and has mobilised 45 urban search and rescue technicians.[108]
  •  Norway — The Ministry of Foreign Affairs indicated that Norway would contribute NOK 30 million to Nepal.[109]
  •  Pakistan — In an immediate statement issued by the Foreign Ministry, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif expressed "his deep shock at the reports of massive earthquake that has caused devastation in Nepal and Northern India this morning" and, on behalf of the government and people of Pakistan, expressed "heartfelt condolences and sympathies ... on the tragedy that has caused loss of precious lives and properties". The statement also indicated that Pakistan's diplomatic missions in India and Nepal had been directed "to approach their respective host governments to ascertain the damages caused and the requirement of relief assistance", while the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) of Pakistan stood by.[110] Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif held a telephone conversation with Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala, offering humanitarian assistance following the midday earthquake.[111] Later that day, Pakistan announced that it was sending the PAF's four Lockheed C-130 planes packed with life-saving emergency equipment—including a 30-bed hospital, 2,000 military meals, 600 blankets, 200 tents, and other assorted relief items[112]—along with military emergency personnel including army doctors, medical staff, and the combined ERRA-NDMA's special search and rescue teams with sniffer dogs.[113]
  •  Philippines — The Philippine Government will donate USD million to the government of Nepal. The Philippine Red Cross has also been put on stand-by for possible deployment to Nepal.[citation needed]
  •  Poland — Poland has sent 81 firefighters of the State Fire Service, 12 search and rescue dogs and 6 doctors of the Polish Center for International Aid.[114][115]
  •  Romania — President Klaus Iohannis expressed compassion and solidarity with the people affected by the earthquake in Nepal, stating that Romania joins the other countries of the world who have expressed solidarity with the authorities in Nepal and from the other countries affected by the earthquake.[116]
  •  Russia — President Vladimir Putin expressed condolences to the President of Nepal, Ram Baran Yadav, in connection with the loss of lives and destruction in various parts of Nepal due to the quake. Russia's Ministry for Emergency Situations offered aid to Nepal in addressing the aftermath of the earthquake,[117] and assembled a team of over 50 highly skilled rescue workers with "expansive experience of operations in … areas struck by earthquakes", including China, Haiti, and Turkey. The team was supplied with "top-notch equipment enabling it to work autonomously", and made ready to depart for Nepal "immediately".[118]
  •  Singapore — Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong penned a letter of condolence to Nepal's Prime Minister Sushil Koirala and dispatched a search and rescue team consisting of 55 members of the Singapore Civil Defence Force; officers from Singapore's police forces, including the Gurkha Contingent, also prepared to deploy disaster relief teams to the area. The government of Singapore "kick-started" the Singapore Red Cross' disaster relief drive with a contribution of SGD 100,000.[119]
  •  Spain — On the day of the quake, the government pledged to provide assistance.[73]
  •  South Africa — On 26 April, President Jacob Zuma sent his condolences to the people and government of Nepal.[120]
  •  South Korea — The spokesperson of the Foreign Ministry has extended its condolences to the families and victims of Nepal and pledged to immediately donate USD million, along with a possible rescue team dispatched to assist in rescue missions.[121]
  •  Sri Lanka — The government of Sri Lanka took steps to provide emergency relief to those affected by the earthquake in Nepal. On 25 April, special Sri Lanka Air Force flights departed for Nepal with a stock of emergency relief supplies, along with groups of specialist physicians, other medical staff, and medicines.[122]
  •   Switzerland — On 26 April, a team of experts—including a physician, a building surveyor, and a water quality technician—were dispatched to Nepal, according to the Swiss Foreign Ministry.[123]
  •  Taiwan — The Republic of China government donated to Nepal in the wake of the earthquake. Executive Yuan spokesman Sun Lih-chyun has also expressed Taiwan's willingness to help with the rescue and research efforts in Nepal.[124]
  •  Turkey — Turkish Foreign Ministry offered its condolences to the Nepali people and government due to the losses in the earthquake and has launched efforts to provide humanitarian assistance to Nepal. Turkish aid agencies have sent a search and rescue team made up of 65 people to Nepal.[125]
  •  Ukraine — Ukraine sent condolences to the victims.[citation needed]
  •  United Arab Emirates — On the day of the quake, UAE President Sheikh Khalifa sent his condolences to Nepalese President Ram Baran Yadav; the nation's Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, also conveyed his sympathies. On Sunday, the Ministry of Interior sent an 88-member search and rescue team to Nepal; the team is being led by the director of Abu Dhabi Civil Defence, Lt Col Mohammed Al Ansari, and will liaise with UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination staff on site. The Chairwoman of the General Women's Union, Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak, donated DH 5 million towards relief to quake victims.[126]
  •  United Kingdom — Prime Minister David Cameron expressed condolences and offered assistance to Nepal.[127] On 25 April, the UK dispatched a team of humanitarian aid experts to the region, in order to determine the best approach to assisting those affected.[128] The UK also pledged £5 million in aid.[129]
  •  United States of America — The White House and Secretary of State John Kerry offered condolences and pledged to offer assistance. On the day of the quake, the U.S. sent aid and released USD one million and a disaster response team to assist with immediate needs.[130] Kerry stated that USAID was activating an urban search and rescue team.[131] On April 26, Urban Search and Rescue Virginia Task Force 1 from Fairfax County, Virginia deployed to Nepal from Dover Air Force Base.[132]
  •  Vatican City — Pope Francis was offering prayers for the repose of the souls of the dead and for those injured as a result of the earthquake.[133][134]
  •  Venezuela — The government expressed its "deep sorrow" to victims in the powerful earthquake in Nepal and offered its expertise in rescue operations.[135]

Non-states

  •  European Union — Commissioner Christos Stylianides ‏said the EU was closely following the situation and expressed solidarity.[136] Furthermore on 26 April, the European Commission announced that they have mobilised in its immediate response to the Nepal Earthquake. The Commission's emergency aid will go towards the most urgent needs in the worst affected areas, including clean water, medicine, emergency shelter and telecommunications. Along with this, the The EU Civil Protection Mechanism has been activated. Through it, Member States, including Belgium, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden immediately offered urgently needed search and rescue teams, water purification systems and technical assistance.[137]
  •  United Nations — UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon asserted that the UN is preparing for a big relief effort. Moreover, President of the Sixty-ninth session of the United Nations General Assembly Sam Kutesa also expressed his deep concern and sorrow over the devastation. The executive director of the UN Population Fund, Babatunde Osotimehin, also expressed his deepest sympathy to those affected by the earthquake, saying he was "shocked and saddened" and that the UNPF is ready to join efforts to assist Nepal.[138] On 26 April, the World Health Organization (WHO) disbursed four inter-agency emergency health kits to hospitals in Nepal; each kit contains medical supplies sufficient to meet the health needs of 10,000 people for three months. Additionally, WHO released USD 175,000 from the South-East Asia Regional Health Emergency Fund (SEARHEF) to Nepal's Ministry of Health and Population as an initial tranche of emergency health funding to address the immediate needs of victims.[139]

Relief organisations

  • CARE (relief agency) provided ground support during the earthquake, assisting people by supplying ready to eat meals, clean drinking water and latrine construction.[140][141] It also created an online relief fund for the earthquake support.[142] Furthermore on 26 April, the European Commission announced that they have mobilised in its immediate response to the Nepal Earthquake. The Commission's emergency aid will go towards the most urgent needs in the worst affected areas, including clean water, medicine, emergency shelter and telecommunications. Along with this, the The EU Civil Protection Mechanism has been activated. Through it, Member States, including Belgium, Finland, Germany, Greece, Netherlands, Poland and Sweden immediately offered urgently needed search and rescue teams, water purification systems and technical assistance.[137]
  • Handicap International began distributing crutches and wheelchairs to hospitals in affected areas on 26 April.[143]
  • International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) — On the day of the quake, while preparing to launch an international emergency response, the IFRC released monies from its Disaster Response Emergency Fund, and mobilized resources from its regional hubs, including those in Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, and New Delhi.[144]
  • Médecins du Monde (MdM) sent a surgeon from Paris, along with two other physicians and some logistical support staff on 26 April.[143]
  • Médecins Sans Frontières / Doctors Without Borders (MSF) announced on 25 April that it was sending four teams of medical and non-medical responders, along with 3000 kits of non-food items and medical supplies to Nepal. The teams and equipment were expected to arrive on the morning of 26 April.[145] MSF also sent an inflatable hospital which has a 60–80 bed capacity, and consists of two wards plus a surgical recovery room.[143]
  • Oxfam undertook arrangements to send a team of "technical experts" to the region, with sanitation and water purification equipment.[146]
  • Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and the Nepal branch of Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh announced plans to send volunteers to the region to help with rescue efforts in coordination with the Government of Nepal.[147]
  • On 25 April, Save the Children, a non-governmental organization, launched a disaster response on the ground in Nepal, with priorities being "to protect vulnerable children and provide desperately needed relief to families".[148]
  • Secours populaire français, a French non-profit organisation, allocated a first emergency fund of €50,000 to assist victims.[143]
  • The Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee announced that they would be sending 25,000 food packets every day to Nepal with the help of the Indian Air Force.[149][150]

Online and telecommunications services

Fundraising initiatives

  • Bijay Acharya from the American Nepal Medical Foundation (ANMF) organized a fundraiser called Nepal Earthquake Relief Fund on the Indiegogo website, in order to raise for the victims of the Nepal earthquake. Over U.S. $100,000 has been raised by over 1500 people within the first day of the campaign being online.[158]
  • The secular Humanist organisation Foundation Beyond Belief (FBB) launched a new Humanist Disaster Recovery Drive (HDR) to raise funds for Nepal.[159] As with previous HDR Drives, the "mission is to provide financial support to secular organizations working locally to meet the post-disaster needs of survivors"; 100% of funds raised will be donated to beneficiaries (FBB takes no overhead).[160]
  • Nepalese-American fashion designer Prabal Gurung raised thousands of dollars through the Crowdrise website for the relief efforts ranging from "medical aid to food and water supplies...temporary housing to rebuilding the nation and its infrastructure."[161] As per the website, the project has reached 55% its $250,000 goal.[162]
  • Transport company Uber announced that it would offer a coupon code that would charge ₹10 extra per ride in 11 cities across India to contribute to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund towards the earthquake.[163]

See also

References

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