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{{short description|Armenian Apostolic cathedral in Lviv, Ukraine}} |
{{short description|Armenian Apostolic cathedral in Lviv, Ukraine}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} |
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{{Use British English|date=February 2024}} |
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{{Infobox church |
{{Infobox church |
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| name = |
| name = |
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| fullname = Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary |
| fullname = Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary |
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| native_name = Հայկական տաճար |
| native_name = Հայկական տաճար |
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| native_name_lang = hy |
| native_name_lang = hy |
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| image = Lviv-Armenian.jpg |
| image = Lviv-Armenian.jpg |
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| image_size = 200 |
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| coordinates = {{coord|49|50|36|N|24|01|51|E|type:landmark_region:UA|display= |
| alt = |
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| caption = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|49|50|36|N|24|01|51|E|type:landmark_region:UA|display=title}} |
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| location = [[Old Town (Lviv)|Old Town]], [[Lviv]] |
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| country = [[Ukraine]] |
| country = [[Ukraine]] |
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| denomination = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] |
| denomination = [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] |
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| previous denomination = [[Armenian Catholic Church]] |
| previous denomination = [[Catholic Church]] ([[Armenian Catholic Church]]) |
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| address = [[Old Town (Lviv)|Old Town]], [[Lviv]] |
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| years built = 1363{{ndash}}1370 |
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The '''Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary''' ({{lang-hy|Հայկական տաճար}}; {{lang-uk|Вірменський собор|translit=Virmenskyi sobor}}; {{lang-pl|Katedra ormiańska}}) in [[Lviv]], |
The '''Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary''' ({{lang-hy|Հայկական տաճար}}; {{lang-uk|Вірменський собор|translit=Virmenskyi sobor}}; {{lang-pl|Katedra ormiańska}}) in [[Lviv]], Ukraine is located in the city's [[Old Town (Lviv)|Old Town]], north of the market square. Until 1945 it was the cathedral of the [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv]]. Since 2000 it has served as the [[cathedral]] of the [[Armenian Diocese of Ukraine]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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{{more citations needed section|date=February 2024}} |
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===1363–1945=== |
===1363–1945=== |
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A small Armenian church was built |
A small [[Armenians|Armenian]] church was built between 1363 and 1370, founded by an Armenian merchant from [[Caffa]]. Established as the mother church of an [[eparchy]], it was modelled on the [[Cathedral of Ani]], the ancient Armenian capital. In 1437, the cathedral was surrounded with an [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] gallery; the southern part is preserved, and the northern portion has been rebuilt into a [[sacristy]]. |
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In 1527, the cathedral was damaged by fire. A a new stone [[bell tower]] was erected in 1571. In 1630 the main [[nave]] was enlarged; it was extended when it was rebuilt in 1723. |
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===1945–present=== |
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Lviv (named Lwów in Polish) was in the eastern part of the territory reconstituted as Poland in 1919–1920; and after [[World War II]], that portion of the territory was taken from [[Poland]] and annexed by the [[Soviet Union]], becoming part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1945 the new Soviet authorities decided to annihilate the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv, and arrested its last administrator, the Rev. [[Dionizy Kajetanowicz]] (murdered in the Soviet [[gulag]] in 1954) and three other priests. Almost all the [[Armenians in Poland|Polish Armenians]] were expelled to the west, to modern-day Poland. The cathedral was closed, and its building was used for storing plundered sacral art. Officially, the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv still exists, but it has remained vacant since 1938.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnewa.us/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat13.pdf |title=[[Annuario Pontificio]] 2013 |access-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201132628/http://www.cnewa.us/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat13.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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From the 17th century until 1945, the cathedral belonged to the [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic]] archdiocese of Lviv, when bishop [[Mikołaj Torosowicz|Mikołaj (Nicolas) Torosowicz]] and his successor [[Vartan Hunanyan]] united the Armenian and Roman Catholic Churches. The cathedral underwent a restoration between 1908 and 1927. |
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a handful of [[Armenian Catholic]] families attempted to reestablish the parish. Armenians belonging to the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] who came to Lviv during the Soviet times also sought to acquire the cathedral. |
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===1945–present=== |
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Shortly before the visit of [[Pope John Paul II]], the local Ukrainian authorities passed the cathedral to the Armenian Apostolic Church under the condition both the Armenian Catholic and Armenian Apostolic communities could use it.<ref name="Interview with Patriarch Nerses Bedros XIX" >{{cite web |
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Lviv was a city in the [[Second Polish Republic]] from 1920 until after the Second World War, when it was annexed by the [[Soviet Union]]. In 1945, the new Soviet authorities abolished the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv, and arrested its administrator, [[Dionizy Kajetanowicz]].{{refn|1=Kajetanowicz and three other priests were murdered in a Soviet [[gulag]] in 1954.{{cn|date=February 2024}}|group=note}} Almost all the city's Polish Armenians were expelled to modern-day Poland. The cathedral was closed, and its building was used for storing plundered sacred art. Officially, the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv still exists, but it has remained vacant since 1938.<ref name="Rob">{{cite web |last1=Roberson |first1=Ronald G. |title=The Eastern Catholic Churches 2013 |url=http://www.cnewa.us/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat13.pdf |publisher=Annuario Pontificio |access-date=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201132628/http://www.cnewa.us/source-images/Roberson-eastcath-statistics/eastcatholic-stat13.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> |
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|url= https://risu.org.ua/en/index/expert_thought/interview/38230/ |
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|title=Interview with Patriarch Nerses Bedros XIX |
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|work=risu.org.ua |
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|access-date=9 June 2017 |
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}}</ref> An Armenian Apostolic eparchy was established in Lviv in 1997. |
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, [[Armenian Catholic]] families attempted to re-establish the parish. Armenians belonging to the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] who came to Lviv during the Soviet times also sought to acquire the cathedral. Shortly before the visit of [[Pope John Paul II]] to Lviv, the local Ukrainian authorities granted the cathedral to the Armenian Apostolic Church, with the condition that the Armenian Catholic and Armenian Apostolic communities could both use it.<ref name="Hry">{{cite web |last1=Hrynchyshyn |first1=Taras |title=Interview with Patriarch Nerses Bedros XIX |url=https://risu.org.ua/en/index/expert_thought/interview/38230/ |publisher=Religious Information Service of Ukraine |access-date=9 June 2017 |date=8 November 2001}}</ref> An Armenian Apostolic eparchy was established in Lviv in 1997. |
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On 18 May 2003 the cathedral was re-consecrated by the [[Catholicos of All Armenians]] [[Karekin II]] and three other Armenian Apostolic bishops. Among the guests were: speaker of the Armenian parliament Armen Khachatryan, former president of Ukraine [[Leonid Kravchuk]], the president of the [[Union of Armenians in Ukraine]], the French singer of Armenian origin [[Charles Aznavour]] with his son, Armenian actor [[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]] and the Armenian Ambassador to Ukraine Hrachya Silvanyan. The [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate]] was represented by bishop Augustin.<ref> |
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{{cite web |
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|url= http://www.rr.lviv.ua/news/n392 |
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|title=У Львові Католікос всіх вірмен Гарегін II освятив кафедральний собор Вірменської Апостольської Церкви] |
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|access-date=4 September 2013 |
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}} |
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</ref> The [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]] was represented by Mikhail Dymyd. In the name of the Ukrainian government, the head of the Religions State Agency Victor Bondarenko was present. However, neither Polish Armenians—the former owners of the cathedral—nor any Armenian Catholic clergymen were invited. |
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On 18 May 2003, the cathedral was re-[[consecrate]]d by the [[Catholicos of All Armenians]] [[Karekin II]] and three other Armenian Apostolic bishops. Among the guests who attended the ceremony were the [[President of the National Assembly of Armenia|Speaker of the Armenian parliament]] Armen Khachatryan, former President of Ukraine [[Leonid Kravchuk]], the president of the [[Union of Armenians in Ukraine]], the French-Armenian singer [[Charles Aznavour]] with his son, Armenian actor [[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]] and the Armenian ambassador to Ukraine, Hrachya Silvanyan. The [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate]] was represented by bishop Augustin. The [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]] was represented by Mikhail Dymyd. The head of the Religions State Agency Victor Bondarenko represented the Ukrainian government. Neither Polish Armenians nor any Armenian Catholic clergymen were invited. |
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in 2009, the cathedral began a renovation process, fully financed by the [[Polish Ministry of Culture]] in cooperation with the [[Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians]] seated in [[Warsaw]]. The works are being conducted jointly by Polish and Ukrainian specialists. |
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In 2009, the cathedral began a renovation process, fully financed by the [[Polish Ministry of Culture]] in cooperation with the [[Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians]] seated in [[Warsaw]]. The works are being conducted jointly by Polish and Ukrainian specialists. |
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==Interior and surroundings== |
==Interior and surroundings== |
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Just north of the |
Just north of the cathedral lies a small convent of Armenian [[Benedictines]], and to the south, adjoining the bell tower, the palace of the Armenian archbishops, both built in the late 17th century. The present-day interior is largely the work of [[Jan Henryk Rosen]] and [[Józef Mehoffer]]. The cathedral holds two [[Thaumaturgy|wonder-working]] icons of [[St. Gregory the Illuminator]] and the [[Mother of God]], brought in the 17th century from [[Yazlovets]].{{cn|date=February 2024}} |
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{{multiple image | align=center |direction = horizontal | total_width= 500 | header = | footer = | image1 = Lwów - Katedra Ormiańska 01.JPG | alt1 = aaa | caption1 =The oldest preserved part of the cathedral, with [[Renaissance]] arcades | image2 = Church tonemapped.jpg | alt2 =bbb | caption2 = The interior | image3 = Lwow-wiezaKatedryOrmianskiej.JPG | alt3 =bbb | caption3 = Belltower and bishop's palace}} |
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The present-day interior is largely the work of [[Jan Henryk Rosen]] and [[Józef Mehoffer]]. The cathedral holds two [[Thaumaturgy|wonder-working]] icons of [[St. Gregory the Illuminator]] and the [[Mother of God]], brought in the 17th century from [[Yazlovets]]. |
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==Notes== |
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{|class="graytable" |
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{{reflist|group=note}} |
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|+ |
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| width="29%"|[[Image:Lwów - Katedra Ormiańska 01.JPG|center|200px]] |
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| width="5%"| |
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| width="32%"|[[Image:Church tonemapped.jpg|center|300px]] |
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| width="5%"| |
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| [[Image:Lwow-wiezaKatedryOrmianskiej.JPG|center|200px]] |
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|- |
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| align="center"|The oldest preserved part of the cathedral, with [[Renaissance]] arcades |
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| align="center"|The interior |
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| align="center"|Belltower and bishop's palace |
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|} |
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== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*[[Armenians in Ukraine]] |
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*[[Armenians in Poland]] |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Chrząszczewski |first1=J. |title=History of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv |journal=Bulletin of the Armenian Cultural Society |date=2001 |issue=26/27 |pages=3{{ndash}}54 |url=https://otk.org.pl/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Biuletyn-26_27.pdf |ref=none |language=pl |issn=1233-8605}} |
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* {{cite news |last1=Sandulyak |first1=Iryna |title=Освячення Вірменського собору |url=http://postup.brama.com/dinamic/i_pub/usual.php?what=10113 |access-date=17 February 2024 |work=Postuk |date=20 May 2003 |ref=none |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006041650/http://postup.brama.com/dinamic/i_pub/usual.php?what=10113 |archive-date=6 October 2015 |page=|trans-title=Consecration of the Armenian Cathedral |language=uk}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{commons category}} |
{{commons category}} |
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* [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/virmen_sobor.html Photo gallery of Armenian Cathedral of Lviv] |
* [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/virmen_sobor.html Photo gallery of Armenian Cathedral of Lviv] from Viktor Prysyazhnyuk's website |
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* [https://bankfoto.info/fotografie/obiekty/katedra-ormianska-we-lwowie/ Armenian cathedral in Lviv, full photographic documentation] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:14th-century churches in Ukraine]] |
[[Category:14th-century churches in Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:Churches completed in 1571]] |
[[Category:Churches completed in 1571]] |
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[[Category:Churches completed in 1723]] |
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[[Category:Churches completed in 1927]] |
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[[Category:Armenian Apostolic churches in Ukraine]] |
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic churches in Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] |
[[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] |
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[[Category:Former Armenian Catholic churches]] |
[[Category:Former Armenian Catholic churches]] |
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[[Category:Church buildings converted to a different denomination]] |
[[Category:Church buildings converted to a different denomination]] |
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[[Category:Armenian Apostolic cathedrals |
[[Category:Armenian Apostolic cathedrals]] |
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[[Category:Oriental Orthodox cathedrals in Europe]] |
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[[Category:Dioceses established in the 14th century]] |
[[Category:Dioceses established in the 14th century]] |
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[[Category:1370 in Europe]] |
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[[Category:1571 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |
[[Category:1571 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] |
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[[Category:18th-century churches in Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:20th-century churches in Ukraine]] |
Latest revision as of 18:58, 21 April 2024
Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary | |
Հայկական տաճար | |
49°50′36″N 24°01′51″E / 49.84333°N 24.03083°E | |
Address | Old Town, Lviv |
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Country | Ukraine |
Denomination | Armenian Apostolic Church |
Previous denomination | Catholic Church (Armenian Catholic Church) |
Architecture | |
Years built | 1363–1370 |
The Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary (Armenian: Հայկական տաճար; Ukrainian: Вірменський собор, romanized: Virmenskyi sobor; Polish: Katedra ormiańska) in Lviv, Ukraine is located in the city's Old Town, north of the market square. Until 1945 it was the cathedral of the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv. Since 2000 it has served as the cathedral of the Armenian Diocese of Ukraine.
History
[edit]This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2024) |
1363–1945
[edit]A small Armenian church was built between 1363 and 1370, founded by an Armenian merchant from Caffa. Established as the mother church of an eparchy, it was modelled on the Cathedral of Ani, the ancient Armenian capital. In 1437, the cathedral was surrounded with an arcade gallery; the southern part is preserved, and the northern portion has been rebuilt into a sacristy.
In 1527, the cathedral was damaged by fire. A a new stone bell tower was erected in 1571. In 1630 the main nave was enlarged; it was extended when it was rebuilt in 1723.
From the 17th century until 1945, the cathedral belonged to the Armenian Catholic archdiocese of Lviv, when bishop Mikołaj (Nicolas) Torosowicz and his successor Vartan Hunanyan united the Armenian and Roman Catholic Churches. The cathedral underwent a restoration between 1908 and 1927.
1945–present
[edit]Lviv was a city in the Second Polish Republic from 1920 until after the Second World War, when it was annexed by the Soviet Union. In 1945, the new Soviet authorities abolished the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv, and arrested its administrator, Dionizy Kajetanowicz.[note 1] Almost all the city's Polish Armenians were expelled to modern-day Poland. The cathedral was closed, and its building was used for storing plundered sacred art. Officially, the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lviv still exists, but it has remained vacant since 1938.[1]
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Armenian Catholic families attempted to re-establish the parish. Armenians belonging to the Armenian Apostolic Church who came to Lviv during the Soviet times also sought to acquire the cathedral. Shortly before the visit of Pope John Paul II to Lviv, the local Ukrainian authorities granted the cathedral to the Armenian Apostolic Church, with the condition that the Armenian Catholic and Armenian Apostolic communities could both use it.[2] An Armenian Apostolic eparchy was established in Lviv in 1997.
On 18 May 2003, the cathedral was re-consecrated by the Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin II and three other Armenian Apostolic bishops. Among the guests who attended the ceremony were the Speaker of the Armenian parliament Armen Khachatryan, former President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk, the president of the Union of Armenians in Ukraine, the French-Armenian singer Charles Aznavour with his son, Armenian actor Armen Dzhigarkhanyan and the Armenian ambassador to Ukraine, Hrachya Silvanyan. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate was represented by bishop Augustin. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church was represented by Mikhail Dymyd. The head of the Religions State Agency Victor Bondarenko represented the Ukrainian government. Neither Polish Armenians nor any Armenian Catholic clergymen were invited.
In 2009, the cathedral began a renovation process, fully financed by the Polish Ministry of Culture in cooperation with the Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians seated in Warsaw. The works are being conducted jointly by Polish and Ukrainian specialists.
Interior and surroundings
[edit]Just north of the cathedral lies a small convent of Armenian Benedictines, and to the south, adjoining the bell tower, the palace of the Armenian archbishops, both built in the late 17th century. The present-day interior is largely the work of Jan Henryk Rosen and Józef Mehoffer. The cathedral holds two wonder-working icons of St. Gregory the Illuminator and the Mother of God, brought in the 17th century from Yazlovets.[citation needed]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Kajetanowicz and three other priests were murdered in a Soviet gulag in 1954.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ Roberson, Ronald G. "The Eastern Catholic Churches 2013" (PDF). Annuario Pontificio. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
- ^ Hrynchyshyn, Taras (8 November 2001). "Interview with Patriarch Nerses Bedros XIX". Religious Information Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
Further reading
[edit]- Chrząszczewski, J. (2001). "History of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv" (PDF). Bulletin of the Armenian Cultural Society (in Polish) (26/27): 3–54. ISSN 1233-8605.
- Sandulyak, Iryna (20 May 2003). "Освячення Вірменського собору" [Consecration of the Armenian Cathedral]. Postuk (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
External links
[edit]- Photo gallery of Armenian Cathedral of Lviv from Viktor Prysyazhnyuk's website
- 14th-century churches in Ukraine
- Churches completed in 1571
- Armenian Apostolic churches in Ukraine
- Cathedrals in Lviv
- Former Armenian Catholic churches
- Church buildings converted to a different denomination
- Armenian Apostolic cathedrals
- Oriental Orthodox cathedrals in Europe
- Dioceses established in the 14th century
- 1571 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth