Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site |
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site |
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| WHS = Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area |
| WHS = Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area |
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The [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] '''Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area''' includes a variety of buildings found in [[Hōryū-ji]] and [[Hokki-ji]] in [[Ikaruga, Nara|Ikaruga]], [[Nara Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. These buildings were designated in 1993 along with the surrounding landscape, under several criteria. The structures inscribed are some of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world, dating from the 7th to 8th centuries. Many of the monuments are also [[National Treasures of Japan]], and reflect an important age of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] influence in Japan. The structures include 21 buildings in the Hōryū-ji East Temple, 9 in the West Temple, 17 [[monastery|monasteries]] and other buildings, and the pagoda in Hokki-ji.<ref>{{cite |
The [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] '''Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area''' includes a variety of buildings found in [[Hōryū-ji]] and [[Hokki-ji]] in [[Ikaruga, Nara|Ikaruga]], [[Nara Prefecture]], [[Japan]]. These buildings were designated in 1993 along with the surrounding landscape, under several criteria. The structures inscribed are some of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world, dating from the 7th to 8th centuries. Many of the monuments are also [[National Treasures of Japan]], and reflect an important age of [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] influence in Japan. The structures include 21 buildings in the Hōryū-ji East Temple, 9 in the West Temple, 17 [[monastery|monasteries]] and other buildings, and the pagoda in Hokki-ji.<ref>{{cite web | author = ICOMOS | author-link = ICOMOS| title = Advisory Body Evaluation| date = 1 October 1992 | url = https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/660.pdf | access-date = 2009-08-03}}</ref> |
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== Horyuji Kondo == |
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[[File:Horyuji-L0325.jpg|thumb|Horyuji Kondo]] |
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The kondo, also known as the Golden Hall is located within the gates of the Horyuji temple complex. The structure sits near the center next to the Horyuji Pagoda. The two structures are significant, yet for very different reasons. The Kondo was built with the intention of being used for Buddhist worship.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book|title=History of Japanese Art|last=Mason|first=Penelope|publisher=Pearson Education|year=2005|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}}</ref> On the outside, the Kondo appears to the viewer as a two story structure. However, only the first floor is operative (Mizuno, 92).<ref name=":14">{{Cite book|title=Asuka Buddhist Art : Horyu-ji|author=Mizuno, Siichi|date=1974|publisher=Weatherhill/Heibonsha|isbn=0834810204|oclc=912223923}}</ref> The roof of the Kondo displays the [[East Asian hip-and-gable roof|hip and gable]] style that is frequently seen in East Asian architecture (Cartwright, Ancient History Encyclopedia). The exterior of the wooden structure has also been decorated with images of dragons and the water deity (Cartwright, Ancient History Encyclopedia). Upon entering the building, the viewer is faced with a magnificent sight: The Shaka Triad and the Yakushi sculptures. |
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=== The Shaka Triad === |
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The Shaka Triad is located within the Horyuji Kondo building. The sculpture has been placed on a raised platform so that when the viewer enters the building, they will have to look up in order to observe the piece. Shaka sits between his two attendants in the mediation position.<ref name=":04"/> The skirt that Shaka wears falls over his legs and the platform that he sits on in a style known as waterfall drapery.<ref name=":04"/> His hands are positioned in two different [[mudra]]s. The right hand is positioned in the reassurance mudra and the left hand is in that of the wish granting mudra.<ref name=":04"/> Behind the Shaka is an intricately decorated mandorla with a lotus flower directly in the center. Right above the head of shaka is a raised circle that is meant to stand as a representation of the Buddhist jewel of wisdom.<ref name=":04"/> On the outer parts of the mandorla are seven small Buddha figures. These figures are intended to represent the seven Buddhas that came before Shaka.<ref name=":04"/> The two attendants have been placed on lotus flowers. Each figure holds a jewel in their hand.<ref name=":14"/> |
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[[File:Horyuji-L0330.jpg|thumb|Horyuji Pagoda]] |
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== Horyuji Pagoda == |
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Next to the Horyuji kondo stands the Horyuji Pagoda. The Kondo functions as a space for Buddhist worship, but the pagoda serves an entirely different purpose. The five storied structure stands at Horyuji as a sort of reliquary or memorial site. The structure was also built to represent a diagram of the universe.<ref name=":04"/> If you stop and look at the building, you will notice that the roofs on each story get smaller and smaller the closer they get to the top. The center post of the pagoda is built into a stone foundation that actually holds buddhist treasures and relics inside. These relics were put inside of vessels made out of glass, gold, and silver.<ref name=":14"/> |
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[[File:Tamamushi Shrine.JPG|thumb|Tamamushi Shrine]] |
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== The Tamamushi Shrine == |
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The Tamamushi Shrine is located within the Treasure House at Horyuji. The shrine is made up of a small Kondo that has been placed on top of a rectangular base.<ref name=":04"/> Similar to that of the Horyuji Kondo, the miniature kondo on the shrine has a hip and gabled roof and exhibits many architectural features of the [[Asuka period]].<ref name=":14"/> The shrine has been elaborately decorated with many extensive details. Inside of the shrine is a small statue of Kannon, a buddhist Bodhisattva.<ref name=":14" /> The interior walls have also been lined with many small Buddha figures.<ref name=":14" /> On the front of the rectangular base are images of the four guardian kings<ref name=":04" /> and on the side panels are images of bodhisattvas standing on lotus flowers.<ref name=":14" /> The back panel shows Mount Ryoju, the location in which Shaka preached the Lotus Sutra.<ref name=":14" /> On the upper pedestal of the shrine, the front has paintings that depict representations of Buddhist relics.<ref name=":14" /> The back of the pedestal has an image of location that is known to be the center of the universe. This location holds the heavens, the oceans and the earth apart from each other.<ref name=":04" /> This place is known as Mount Sumeru. The right panel shows a picture of the Buddha in a previous life and the left panel shows the scene of "The Hungry Tigress Jataka."<ref name=":04" /> |
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=== The Hungry Tigress Jataka === |
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The Hungry Tigress Jataka is a tale in the theme of self sacrifice.<ref name=":04" /> In this story, the Bodhisattva is walking through the forest when he encounters a tigress and her starving cubs.<ref name=":04" /> In order to save the lives of the starving animals, the bodhisattva hikes to the top of mountain located nearby and jumps off.<ref name=":04" /> The smell of the blood coming from the Bodhisattva's body is enough to rouse the weak tigress and her starving cubs so that they may eat.<ref name=":04" /> |
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== List of sites== |
== List of sites== |
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!align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Picture |
!align="left" style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable"|Picture |
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| {{nihongo|[[Hōryū-ji]]|法隆寺}} Area<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/660/|access-date=2022-01-22|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref> |
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| {{nihongo|[[Hōryū-ji]]|法隆寺}} buildings |
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| Temple |
| Temple |
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| <span style="display:none">naha</span>{{nowrap|[[Ikaruga, Nara|Ikaruga-chō]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Ikoma District, Nara|Ikoma-gun]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Nara Prefecture|Nara-ken]]}} |
| <span style="display:none">naha</span>{{nowrap|[[Ikaruga, Nara|Ikaruga-chō]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Ikoma District, Nara|Ikoma-gun]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Nara Prefecture|Nara-ken]]}} |
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|[[File:Horyu-ji03s3200.jpg|220px]] |
|[[File:Horyu-ji03s3200.jpg|220px]] |
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| {{nihongo|[[Hokki-ji]]|法起寺}} |
| {{nihongo|[[Hokki-ji]]|法起寺}} Area<ref name=":0" /> |
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| Temple |
| Temple |
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| {{nowrap|[[Ikaruga, Nara|Ikaruga-chō]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Ikoma District, Nara|Ikoma-gun]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Nara Prefecture|Nara-ken]]}} |
| {{nowrap|[[Ikaruga, Nara|Ikaruga-chō]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Ikoma District, Nara|Ikoma-gun]],}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Nara Prefecture|Nara-ken]]}} |
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|[[File:Hokiji08n4500.jpg|220px]] |
|[[File:Hokiji08n4500.jpg|220px]] |
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==Gallery == |
==Gallery == |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Tourism in Japan]] |
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*[[Tourism in Japan]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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*[ |
*[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/660/ ''Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area'' at UNESCO] |
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{{World Heritage Sites in Japan}} |
{{World Heritage Sites in Japan}} |
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[[Category:Buddhist temples in Nara Prefecture]] |
[[Category:Buddhist temples in Nara Prefecture]] |
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[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan]] |
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Japan]] |
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{{Japan-protected-area-stub}} |
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{{nara-geo-stub}} |
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[[fr:Monuments bouddhistes de la région de Hōryū-ji]] |
[[fr:Monuments bouddhistes de la région de Hōryū-ji]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:55, 28 September 2023
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Ikaruga, Ikoma District, Nara Prefecture, Kansai region, Japan |
| Includes | |
| Criteria | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv), (vi) |
| Reference | 660 |
| Inscription | 1993 (17th Session) |
| Area | 15.03 ha (37.1 acres) |
| Buffer zone | 571 ha (1,410 acres) |
| Coordinates | 34°37′N 135°44′E / 34.617°N 135.733°E |
  Location of Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area in Kansai region  Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area (Japan) | |
The UNESCO World Heritage Site Buddhist Monuments in the Hōryū-ji Area includes a variety of buildings found in Hōryū-ji and Hokki-ji in Ikaruga, Nara Prefecture, Japan. These buildings were designated in 1993 along with the surrounding landscape, under several criteria. The structures inscribed are some of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world, dating from the 7th to 8th centuries. Many of the monuments are also National Treasures of Japan, and reflect an important age of Buddhist influence in Japan. The structures include 21 buildings in the Hōryū-ji East Temple, 9 in the West Temple, 17 monasteries and other buildings, and the pagoda in Hokki-ji.[1]
Horyuji Kondo
[edit]
The kondo, also known as the Golden Hall is located within the gates of the Horyuji temple complex. The structure sits near the center next to the Horyuji Pagoda. The two structures are significant, yet for very different reasons. The Kondo was built with the intention of being used for Buddhist worship.[2] On the outside, the Kondo appears to the viewer as a two story structure. However, only the first floor is operative (Mizuno, 92).[3] The roof of the Kondo displays the hip and gable style that is frequently seen in East Asian architecture (Cartwright, Ancient History Encyclopedia). The exterior of the wooden structure has also been decorated with images of dragons and the water deity (Cartwright, Ancient History Encyclopedia). Upon entering the building, the viewer is faced with a magnificent sight: The Shaka Triad and the Yakushi sculptures.
The Shaka Triad
[edit]The Shaka Triad is located within the Horyuji Kondo building. The sculpture has been placed on a raised platform so that when the viewer enters the building, they will have to look up in order to observe the piece. Shaka sits between his two attendants in the mediation position.[2] The skirt that Shaka wears falls over his legs and the platform that he sits on in a style known as waterfall drapery.[2] His hands are positioned in two different mudras. The right hand is positioned in the reassurance mudra and the left hand is in that of the wish granting mudra.[2] Behind the Shaka is an intricately decorated mandorla with a lotus flower directly in the center. Right above the head of shaka is a raised circle that is meant to stand as a representation of the Buddhist jewel of wisdom.[2] On the outer parts of the mandorla are seven small Buddha figures. These figures are intended to represent the seven Buddhas that came before Shaka.[2] The two attendants have been placed on lotus flowers. Each figure holds a jewel in their hand.[3]
Horyuji Pagoda
[edit]Next to the Horyuji kondo stands the Horyuji Pagoda. The Kondo functions as a space for Buddhist worship, but the pagoda serves an entirely different purpose. The five storied structure stands at Horyuji as a sort of reliquary or memorial site. The structure was also built to represent a diagram of the universe.[2] If you stop and look at the building, you will notice that the roofs on each story get smaller and smaller the closer they get to the top. The center post of the pagoda is built into a stone foundation that actually holds buddhist treasures and relics inside. These relics were put inside of vessels made out of glass, gold, and silver.[3]
The Tamamushi Shrine
[edit]The Tamamushi Shrine is located within the Treasure House at Horyuji. The shrine is made up of a small Kondo that has been placed on top of a rectangular base.[2] Similar to that of the Horyuji Kondo, the miniature kondo on the shrine has a hip and gabled roof and exhibits many architectural features of the Asuka period.[3] The shrine has been elaborately decorated with many extensive details. Inside of the shrine is a small statue of Kannon, a buddhist Bodhisattva.[3] The interior walls have also been lined with many small Buddha figures.[3] On the front of the rectangular base are images of the four guardian kings[2] and on the side panels are images of bodhisattvas standing on lotus flowers.[3] The back panel shows Mount Ryoju, the location in which Shaka preached the Lotus Sutra.[3] On the upper pedestal of the shrine, the front has paintings that depict representations of Buddhist relics.[3] The back of the pedestal has an image of location that is known to be the center of the universe. This location holds the heavens, the oceans and the earth apart from each other.[2] This place is known as Mount Sumeru. The right panel shows a picture of the Buddha in a previous life and the left panel shows the scene of "The Hungry Tigress Jataka."[2]
The Hungry Tigress Jataka
[edit]The Hungry Tigress Jataka is a tale in the theme of self sacrifice.[2] In this story, the Bodhisattva is walking through the forest when he encounters a tigress and her starving cubs.[2] In order to save the lives of the starving animals, the bodhisattva hikes to the top of mountain located nearby and jumps off.[2] The smell of the blood coming from the Bodhisattva's body is enough to rouse the weak tigress and her starving cubs so that they may eat.[2]
List of sites
[edit]| Name | Type | Location | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hōryū-ji (法隆寺) Area[4] | Temple | Ikaruga-chō, Ikoma-gun, Nara-ken |
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| Hokki-ji (法起寺) Area[4] | Temple | Ikaruga-chō, Ikoma-gun, Nara-ken |
|
Gallery
[edit]-
Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area
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Buddhist monuments in the Horyu-ji Area
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detail of wood carving
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ ICOMOS (1 October 1992). "Advisory Body Evaluation" (PDF). Retrieved 3 August 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Mason, Penelope (2005). History of Japanese Art. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Mizuno, Siichi (1974). Asuka Buddhist Art : Horyu-ji. Weatherhill/Heibonsha. ISBN 0834810204. OCLC 912223923.
- ^ a b "Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
