Bullying in teaching: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Type of bullying in an educational setting}} |
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{{about|teacher-related bullying at school|bullying involving lecturers in higher education|Workplace bullying in academia}} |
{{about|teacher-related bullying at school|bullying involving lecturers in higher education|Workplace bullying in academia}} |
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[[School]] [[teacher]]s are commonly the |
[[School]] [[teacher]]s are commonly the instigators of bullying within a school environment, and are often the subject of [[bullying]] themselves. |
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==Incidence== |
==Incidence== |
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While teacher bullying is recognized as serious and harmful, there are no statistics on either teachers bullying others or teachers being bullied.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bullying Teachers |
While teacher bullying is recognized as serious and harmful, there are no statistics on either teachers bullying others or teachers being bullied.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bullying Teachers|url = http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/bullying-teachers.html|website = www.bullyingstatistics.org|access-date = 2015-11-28|date = 2015-07-07}}</ref> However, according to an article, a high percentage of teachers admit that they bully their students.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Teachers Bullying Students|url = http://nobullying.com/high-percentage-of-teachers-admit-to-bullying-students/|website = No Bullying: Anti Bullying Help Center|access-date = 2015-11-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208222444/http://nobullying.com/high-percentage-of-teachers-admit-to-bullying-students/|archive-date = 2015-12-08|url-status = dead}}</ref> |
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Comprehensive research carried out in the UK found that [[teaching]] was one of the occupations at highest risk from bullying:<ref>Hoel, H. & [[Cary Cooper|Cooper, C.L]]. Destructive Conflict and Bullying at Work, Sponsored by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation, Manchester School of Management, UMIST (2000)</ref> |
Comprehensive research carried out in the UK found that [[teaching]] was one of the occupations at highest risk from bullying:<ref>Hoel, H. & [[Cary Cooper|Cooper, C.L]]. Destructive Conflict and Bullying at Work, Sponsored by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation, Manchester School of Management, UMIST (2000)</ref> |
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In another survey, the [[Economic and Social Research Institute]] found bullying to be more prevalent in schools (13.8%) than other workplaces (7.9%).<ref name=Independent>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105185949/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-197682649.html BULLYING in the staffroom is having a deeply traumatic effect on some teachers and their families, new research reveals.] [[Irish Independent]] April 14, 2009</ref> |
In another survey, the [[Economic and Social Research Institute]] found bullying to be more prevalent in schools (13.8%) than other workplaces (7.9%).<ref name=Independent>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105185949/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-197682649.html BULLYING in the staffroom is having a deeply traumatic effect on some teachers and their families, new research reveals.] [[Irish Independent]] April 14, 2009</ref> |
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Students with learning disabilities may be especially at risk for teacher bullying.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Students with Learning Disabilities at Risk for Teacher Bullying|url = http://www.kidsinthehouse.com/blogs/dr-jennifer-fraser/students-with-learning-disabilities-at-risk-for-teacher-bullying#.VfHcPdbbOII.facebook|website = Kids in the House| |
Students with learning disabilities may be especially at risk for teacher bullying.<ref name="kidsinthehouse.com">{{Cite web|title = Students with Learning Disabilities at Risk for Teacher Bullying|url = http://www.kidsinthehouse.com/blogs/dr-jennifer-fraser/students-with-learning-disabilities-at-risk-for-teacher-bullying#.VfHcPdbbOII.facebook|website = Kids in the House|access-date = 2015-11-29|date = 2015-09-10}}</ref> |
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==Complex dynamics== |
==Complex dynamics== |
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There are complex issues with reporting bullying by teachers, not only for children, but also parents. By means of their position of power over the child, power that enables them to impact the child's present and future,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Teaching Bullies|url = http://www.beakidshero.com/posts/teaching-bullies/|website = Ginger Kadlec: BeAKidsHero™| |
There are complex issues with reporting bullying by teachers, not only for children, but also parents. By means of their position of power over the child, power that enables them to impact the child's present and future,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Teaching Bullies|url = http://www.beakidshero.com/posts/teaching-bullies/|website = Ginger Kadlec: BeAKidsHero™|access-date = 2015-11-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151113131118/http://www.beakidshero.com/posts/teaching-bullies/|archive-date = 2015-11-13|url-status = dead}}</ref> children and parents are reluctant to report.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Why don't kids speak up about bullying?|url = http://www.theedadvocate.org/why-dont-kids-speak-up-about-bullying/|website = The Edvocate|access-date = 2015-11-29}}</ref> There are specific signs that parents should watch for as their child is unlikely to disclose that the teacher is in fact the bully.<ref>{{Cite web|title = 10 Signs That Your Child's Teacher or Coach May Be a Bully|url = http://www.healingwalls.org/10-signs-that-your-childs-teacher-or-coach-may-be-a-bully/|website = Healing Walls|access-date = 2015-11-29|date = 2015-10-26}}</ref> |
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Furthermore, a teacher who bullies may present as a Jekyll and Hyde figure: |
Furthermore, a teacher who bullies may present as a Jekyll and Hyde figure: they are often celebrated and popular so their abuse can go on for long periods of time undetected.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Recognizing the Abusive Coach as Jekyll and Hyde|url = https://jenmfraser.wordpress.com/2015/08/06/recognizing-the-abusive-coach-as-jekyll-and-hyde/|website = Teaching Bullies|access-date = 2015-11-29|first = Jennifer Fraser|last = PhD|date = 2015-08-07}}</ref> Research on teachers in classrooms is lacking and it is unclear how much these activities go undetected or rewarded by teachers in the classroom. For coaches teaching a sport, it can be seen that adults are often rewarded for bullying conduct that would never be tolerated or condoned if done by a child.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rewarding Adults Who Bully|url = http://www.kidsinthehouse.com/blogs/jenmfrasershawca/rewarding-adults-who-bully|website = Kids in the House|access-date = 2015-11-29|date = 2015-07-14}}</ref> |
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Parsons identifies teacher bullying as often being part of a wider [[bullying culture]] within a school, with a complex web of [[Group dynamics|dynamics]] such as:<ref name="Parsons">Parsons L [https://archive.org/details/bulliedteacherbu0000pars <!-- quote=Bullied Teacher: Bullied Student. --> Bullied Teacher, Bullied Student: How to Recognize the Bullying Culture in Your School and What to Do About It (2005)]</ref> |
Parsons identifies teacher bullying as often being part of a wider [[bullying culture]] within a school, with a complex web of [[Group dynamics|dynamics]] such as:<ref name="Parsons">Parsons L [https://archive.org/details/bulliedteacherbu0000pars <!-- quote=Bullied Teacher: Bullied Student. --> Bullied Teacher, Bullied Student: How to Recognize the Bullying Culture in Your School and What to Do About It (2005)]</ref> |
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==Manifestations== |
==Manifestations== |
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In investigating teacher bullying, it is important to differentiate a teacher or coach who is demanding versus one who is demeaning. So "yelling" for instance can be highly productive and motivating, but if it involves belittling and is laced with putdowns, personal attacks, and insults, it becomes abusive.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Abuse or motivation? I know it when I see it. Do you? By Matt Davidson, Ph.D., President, Institute for Excellence & Ethics (IEE)|url = http://excellenceandethics.org/blog/2013/04/abuse-or-motivation-i-know-it-when-i-see-it-do-you-by-matt-davidson-ph-d-president-institute-for-excellence-ethics-iee/|website = |
In investigating teacher bullying, it is important to differentiate a teacher or coach who is demanding versus one who is demeaning. So "yelling" for instance can be highly productive and motivating, but if it involves belittling and is laced with putdowns, personal attacks, and insults, it becomes abusive.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Abuse or motivation? I know it when I see it. Do you? By Matt Davidson, Ph.D., President, Institute for Excellence & Ethics (IEE)|url = http://excellenceandethics.org/blog/2013/04/abuse-or-motivation-i-know-it-when-i-see-it-do-you-by-matt-davidson-ph-d-president-institute-for-excellence-ethics-iee/|website = Excellence and Ethics|access-date = 2015-11-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151208063726/http://excellenceandethics.org/blog/2013/04/abuse-or-motivation-i-know-it-when-i-see-it-do-you-by-matt-davidson-ph-d-president-institute-for-excellence-ethics-iee/|archive-date = 2015-12-08|url-status = dead |type=Blog}}</ref> Bullying by teachers can take many forms in order to harass and intimidate including:<ref>{{cite web |publisher=World Health Organization / International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect |title=Preventing Child Maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594365_eng.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> |
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* Swearing, or yelling, especially in close proximity to the child |
* Swearing, or yelling, especially in close proximity to the child |
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* Using homophobic, sexist,<ref>{{Cite web|title = The use of homophobic slurs in sports: It's for the athletes' own good, right?|url = http://www.theedadvocate.org/the-use-of-homophobic-slurs-in-sports-its-for-the-athletes-own-good-right/|website = The Edvocate| |
* Using homophobic, sexist,<ref>{{Cite web |title = The use of homophobic slurs in sports: It's for the athletes' own good, right? |url = http://www.theedadvocate.org/the-use-of-homophobic-slurs-in-sports-its-for-the-athletes-own-good-right/ |website = The Edvocate |access-date = 2015-11-29}}</ref> racial slurs, or direct personal attacks, comments targeting a child's disability or difference |
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* Humiliating |
* Humiliating |
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* Berating |
* Berating |
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* Muttering obscenities so only the targeted child or children hear |
* Muttering obscenities so only the targeted child or children hear |
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* Hypocrisy (ex: telling a student not to say "well" despite using the same word while communicating) |
* Hypocrisy (ex: telling a student not to say "well" despite using the same word while communicating) |
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* Physical assault |
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Bullying of teachers can take many forms in order to [[harass]] and [[intimidate]] including:<ref name="Lepkowska">Lepkowska D [http://www.sec-ed.co.uk/cgi-bin/go.pl/article/article.html?uid=79740;type_uid=1;section=News The shocking stories of teacher-on-teacher bullying] Secondary Education News (SecEd) 11 Nov 2010</ref> |
Bullying of teachers can take many forms in order to [[harass]] and [[intimidate]] including:<ref name="Lepkowska">Lepkowska D [http://www.sec-ed.co.uk/cgi-bin/go.pl/article/article.html?uid=79740;type_uid=1;section=News The shocking stories of teacher-on-teacher bullying] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619165859/http://www.sec-ed.co.uk/cgi-bin/go.pl/article/article.html?uid=79740;type_uid=1;section=News |date=2017-06-19 }} Secondary Education News (SecEd) 11 Nov 2010</ref> |
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* Face-to-face confrontation |
* Face-to-face confrontation |
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* [[Memorandum|Memos]] |
* [[Memorandum|Memos]] |
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==Impacts== |
==Impacts== |
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The power imbalance of teacher to student is greater than peer to peer and may well intensify the impact. |
The power imbalance of teacher to student is greater than peer to peer and may well intensify the impact. |
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The possible impacts of bullying |
The possible impacts on a child of bullying by teachers include: |
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* [[Victimisation]] and [[victim blaming]]<ref name="Parsons" /> |
* [[Victimisation]] and [[victim blaming]]<ref name="Parsons" /> |
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* [[False accusations]] and fabricated [[Discipline#Employment discipline|formal disciplinary action]]<ref>Munday K [http://www.jfo.org.uk/work/sector/teaching.htm The Bullying of Teachers Through the Use of Formal Disciplinary Procedures 2003] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617075239/http://www.jfo.org.uk/work/sector/teaching.htm |date=June 17, 2011 }}</ref> |
* [[False accusations]] and fabricated [[Discipline#Employment discipline|formal disciplinary action]]<ref>Munday K [http://www.jfo.org.uk/work/sector/teaching.htm The Bullying of Teachers Through the Use of Formal Disciplinary Procedures 2003] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617075239/http://www.jfo.org.uk/work/sector/teaching.htm |date=June 17, 2011 }}</ref> |
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==Notable incidents== |
==Notable incidents== |
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In April 2012, Stuart Chaifetz, a father of an autistic boy, released a video on [[YouTube]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfkscHt96R0 "Teacher/Bully: How My Son Was Humiliated and Tormented by his Teacher and Aide", Stuart Chaifetz, video at YouTube, posted April 20, 2012]</ref> providing evidence that his son was allegedly the subject of emotional abuse at the hands of his teacher and aide at Horace Mann Elementary School, in the [[Cherry Hill Public Schools]] district.<ref>[http://www.horacemannelementary.com/ Horace Mann Elementary School website]</ref> The evidence was secured when Chaifetz [[Covert listening device|wired his son with a microphone]] before sending him to school. When he listened to the audio recording, according to one news report, "Chaifetz says he caught his son's teachers gossiping, talking about alcohol and violently yelling at students. He took the audio to the Cherry Hill School District, where officials fired one of the teachers involved after hearing the tape. Chaifetz's son was relocated to a new school, where Chaifetz says he is doing well."<ref>[http://www.myfoxphilly.com/dpp/news/local_news/nj-father-records-teachers-bullying-his-autistic-child NJ Father Records Teachers Bullying His Autistic Child, MyFoxPhilly.com]</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/education/story/2012-04-29/autism-education-abuse-reform/54616582/1 "Verbal abuse of autistic student sparks calls for reform", Jim Walsh and Phil Dunn, ''Cherry Hill Courier-Post'', reprinted at ''USA Today'' website, 29 April 2012]</ref> However, it appears that students with learning disabilities may be especially at risk for teacher bullying.<ref |
In April 2012, Stuart Chaifetz, a father of an autistic boy, released a video on [[YouTube]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfkscHt96R0 "Teacher/Bully: How My Son Was Humiliated and Tormented by his Teacher and Aide", Stuart Chaifetz, video at YouTube, posted April 20, 2012]</ref> providing evidence that his son was allegedly the subject of emotional abuse at the hands of his teacher and aide at Horace Mann Elementary School, in the [[Cherry Hill Public Schools]] district.<ref>[http://www.horacemannelementary.com/ Horace Mann Elementary School website]</ref> The evidence was secured when Chaifetz [[Covert listening device|wired his son with a microphone]] before sending him to school. When he listened to the audio recording, according to one news report, "Chaifetz says he caught his son's teachers gossiping, talking about alcohol and violently yelling at students. He took the audio to the Cherry Hill School District, where officials fired one of the teachers involved after hearing the tape. Chaifetz's son was relocated to a new school, where Chaifetz says he is doing well."<ref>[http://www.myfoxphilly.com/dpp/news/local_news/nj-father-records-teachers-bullying-his-autistic-child NJ Father Records Teachers Bullying His Autistic Child, MyFoxPhilly.com]</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/education/story/2012-04-29/autism-education-abuse-reform/54616582/1 "Verbal abuse of autistic student sparks calls for reform", Jim Walsh and Phil Dunn, ''Cherry Hill Courier-Post'', reprinted at ''USA Today'' website, 29 April 2012]</ref> However, it appears that students with learning disabilities may be especially at risk for teacher bullying.<ref name="kidsinthehouse.com"/> |
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In June 2014, Britain proposed the "Cinderella Law" which would put emotional abuse in the Criminal Code.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Should Emotional Abuse Be Criminalized?|url = http://www.hautlife.com/humans-and-animals/126-humans/humanity/1302-should-emotional-abuse-be-criminalized|website = www.hautlife.com| |
In June 2014, Britain proposed the "Cinderella Law" which would put emotional abuse in the Criminal Code.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Should Emotional Abuse Be Criminalized?|url = http://www.hautlife.com/humans-and-animals/126-humans/humanity/1302-should-emotional-abuse-be-criminalized|website = www.hautlife.com|access-date = 2015-11-28}}</ref> |
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==In popular culture== |
==In popular culture== |
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* ''[[A Little Princess]]'', the main character is the target of a corrupt principal at a boarding school. |
* ''[[A Little Princess]]'', the main character is the target of a corrupt principal at a boarding school. |
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* ''[[The 400 Blows]]'', Antoine Doinel is tormented by his insensitive teacher Guy Decomble. |
* ''[[The 400 Blows]]'', Antoine Doinel is tormented by his insensitive teacher Guy Decomble. |
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* ''[[Whiplash (2014 film)|Whiplash]]'', |
* ''[[Whiplash (2014 film)|Whiplash]]'',{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} Andrew Neiman is bullied by his abusive teacher Terence Fletcher.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Whiplash: Drum Solo versus Suicide|url = https://jenmfraser.wordpress.com/2015/08/26/whiplash-drum-solo-versus-suicide/|website = Teaching Bullies|access-date = 2015-11-29|first = Jennifer Fraser|last = PhD|date = 2015-08-26}}</ref> |
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===Books=== |
===Books=== |
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* [[Sexual harassment in education]] |
* [[Sexual harassment in education]] |
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* [[Sexual harassment in education in the United States#Sexual relationships between students and teachers|Sexual harassment and abuse of students by teachers]] |
* [[Sexual harassment in education in the United States#Sexual relationships between students and teachers|Sexual harassment and abuse of students by teachers]] |
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* [[Workplace bullying]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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'''Books''' |
'''Books''' |
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* {{cite book|last=Blase|first=J|title=Breaking the Silence: Overcoming the Problem of Principal Mistreatment of Teachers|year=2003|publisher=Corwin Press|isbn=978-0-7619-7772-8|author2=JR Blase}} |
* {{cite book|last=Blase|first=J|title=Breaking the Silence: Overcoming the Problem of Principal Mistreatment of Teachers|year=2003|publisher=Corwin Press|isbn=978-0-7619-7772-8|author2=JR Blase}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Hart|first=N.|title=Teacher stress: the consequences of harassment and bullying|year=2000|publisher=Monitor|isbn=978-1-871241-31-0|url=https://books.google.com/?id=oEe5AAAACAAJ& |
* {{cite book|last=Hart|first=N.|title=Teacher stress: the consequences of harassment and bullying|year=2000|publisher=Monitor|isbn=978-1-871241-31-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oEe5AAAACAAJ&q=Teacher+stress:+the+consequences+of+harassment+and+bullying|author2=J. Hurd}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Horwitz|first=K.|title=White Chalk Crime: The REAL Reason Schools Fail|year=2008|publisher=Booksurge Llc|isbn=978-1-4196-9407-3}} |
* {{cite book|last=Horwitz|first=K.|title=White Chalk Crime: The REAL Reason Schools Fail|year=2008|publisher=Booksurge Llc|isbn=978-1-4196-9407-3}} |
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* {{cite book|last=Schnall|first=R.S.|title=When Teachers Talk: Principal Abuse of Teachers / The Untold Story|year=2009|publisher=Goldenring Publishing|isbn=978-0-578-00563-8}} |
* {{cite book|last=Schnall|first=R.S.|title=When Teachers Talk: Principal Abuse of Teachers / The Untold Story|year=2009|publisher=Goldenring Publishing|isbn=978-0-578-00563-8}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Allen|first=K.P.|title=Classroom Management, Bullying, and Teacher Practices|journal=The Professional Educator|date=Spring 2010|volume=34|issue=1|url=http://www.theprofessionaleducator.org/articles/combined%20spring_10.pdf}} |
* {{cite journal|last=Allen|first=K.P.|title=Classroom Management, Bullying, and Teacher Practices|journal=The Professional Educator|date=Spring 2010|volume=34|issue=1|url=http://www.theprofessionaleducator.org/articles/combined%20spring_10.pdf}} |
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* Barnes CA A study investigating the opinions and experiences OF selected teachers regarding teacher bullying - 2007 |
* Barnes CA A study investigating the opinions and experiences OF selected teachers regarding teacher bullying - 2007 |
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* {{cite journal|last=Delfabbro|first=P.|author2=Winefield T. |author3=Trainor S. |author4=Dollard M. |author5=Anderson S. |author6=Metzer J |author7=Hammarstrom A. |title=Peer and teacher bullying/victimization of South Australian secondary school students: Prevalence and psychosocial profiles|journal=British Journal of Educational Psychology|year=2006|volume=76|issue=1|pages= |
* {{cite journal|last=Delfabbro|first=P.|author2=Winefield T. |author3=Trainor S. |author4=Dollard M. |author5=Anderson S. |author6=Metzer J |author7=Hammarstrom A. |title=Peer and teacher bullying/victimization of South Australian secondary school students: Prevalence and psychosocial profiles|journal=British Journal of Educational Psychology|year=2006|volume=76|issue=1|pages=71–90|url=http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ750306&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ750306|doi=10.1348/000709904X24645|pmid=16573980}} |
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* {{cite journal|last=Hepburn|first=A|title=Power lines: Derrida, discursive psychology and the management of accusations of teacher bullying|journal=British Journal of Social Psychology|date=December 2000|volume=39|issue=4|pages=605–628|doi=10.1348/014466600164651 | |
* {{cite journal|last=Hepburn|first=A|title=Power lines: Derrida, discursive psychology and the management of accusations of teacher bullying|journal=British Journal of Social Psychology|date=December 2000|volume=39|issue=4|pages=605–628|doi=10.1348/014466600164651 |pmid=11190687|author-link=Alexa Hepburn}} |
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* Monsvold T, Bendixen M, Hagen R [http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488.2010.546881 Exposure to teacher bullying in schools: A study of patients with personality disorders - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2011 Feb 25] |
* Monsvold T, Bendixen M, Hagen R [http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08039488.2010.546881 Exposure to teacher bullying in schools: A study of patients with personality disorders - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2011 Feb 25] |
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* {{cite journal|last=Twemlow|first=SW|author2= |
* {{cite journal|last=Twemlow|first=SW|author2=P Fonagy|author2-link=Peter Fonagy|author3=FC Sacco|author4=JR Brethour Jr.|title=Teachers who bully students: A hidden trauma|journal=International Journal of Social Psychiatry|date=May 2006|volume=52|issue=3|pages=187–198|url=http://www.stopbullyingnow.com/Teachers%20Who%20Bully%20Students%20a%20hidden%20trauma.pdf|doi=10.1177/0020764006067234|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716145814/http://www.stopbullyingnow.com/Teachers%20Who%20Bully%20Students%20a%20hidden%20trauma.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-16|pmid=16875191|s2cid=9158504}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* {{cite news|title=Teachers 'bullied at school'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2940685.stm| |
* {{cite news|title=Teachers 'bullied at school'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/2940685.stm|access-date=October 9, 2011|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=April 12, 2003}} |
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* [http://www.channel4.com/news/teachers-suicide-rates-double-in-a-year Teacher suicide rate doubles] |
* [http://www.channel4.com/news/teachers-suicide-rates-double-in-a-year Teacher suicide rate doubles] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bullying In Teaching}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bullying In Teaching}} |
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[[Category:School bullying]] |
[[Category:School bullying]] |
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[[Category:Workplace bullying]] |
[[Category:Workplace harassment and bullying]] |
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[[Category:School and classroom behaviour]] |
[[Category:School and classroom behaviour]] |
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[[Category:Education issues]] |
[[Category:Education issues]] |
Latest revision as of 19:04, 7 June 2024
School teachers are commonly the instigators of bullying within a school environment, and are often the subject of bullying themselves.
Incidence
[edit]While teacher bullying is recognized as serious and harmful, there are no statistics on either teachers bullying others or teachers being bullied.[1] However, according to an article, a high percentage of teachers admit that they bully their students.[2]
Comprehensive research carried out in the UK found that teaching was one of the occupations at highest risk from bullying:[3]
- 15.5% of teachers stating they were currently being bullied
- 35.4% saying they had been bullied over the last five years.
In another survey, the Economic and Social Research Institute found bullying to be more prevalent in schools (13.8%) than other workplaces (7.9%).[4]
Students with learning disabilities may be especially at risk for teacher bullying.[5]
Complex dynamics
[edit]There are complex issues with reporting bullying by teachers, not only for children, but also parents. By means of their position of power over the child, power that enables them to impact the child's present and future,[6] children and parents are reluctant to report.[7] There are specific signs that parents should watch for as their child is unlikely to disclose that the teacher is in fact the bully.[8]
Furthermore, a teacher who bullies may present as a Jekyll and Hyde figure: they are often celebrated and popular so their abuse can go on for long periods of time undetected.[9] Research on teachers in classrooms is lacking and it is unclear how much these activities go undetected or rewarded by teachers in the classroom. For coaches teaching a sport, it can be seen that adults are often rewarded for bullying conduct that would never be tolerated or condoned if done by a child.[10]
Parsons identifies teacher bullying as often being part of a wider bullying culture within a school, with a complex web of dynamics such as:[11]
- Teachers may be bullied by: other teachers, students,[12] office staff, principals,[13] school governors or parents
- Teachers may bully: other teachers, students[14] or parents
- Bullying teachers may themselves get bullied by others in turn
Staffroom bullying
[edit]A common manifestation of teacher bullying is staffroom bullying where teachers are bullied by other teachers or school managers.[4][15][16][17][18][19]
Manifestations
[edit]In investigating teacher bullying, it is important to differentiate a teacher or coach who is demanding versus one who is demeaning. So "yelling" for instance can be highly productive and motivating, but if it involves belittling and is laced with putdowns, personal attacks, and insults, it becomes abusive.[20] Bullying by teachers can take many forms in order to harass and intimidate including:[21]
- Swearing, or yelling, especially in close proximity to the child
- Using homophobic, sexist,[22] racial slurs, or direct personal attacks, comments targeting a child's disability or difference
- Humiliating
- Berating
- Ignoring or shunning
- Throwing objects
- Raging
- Expressing disgust at the child through gestures or facial expressions
- Muttering obscenities so only the targeted child or children hear
- Hypocrisy (ex: telling a student not to say "well" despite using the same word while communicating)
- Physical assault
Bullying of teachers can take many forms in order to harass and intimidate including:[23]
- Face-to-face confrontation
- Memos
- Cyberbullying (including the use of text messaging or social networking sites)
Bullies often exploit positions of seniority over the colleagues they are intimidating (see rankism) by:[23]
- Criticising their work
- Making unreasonable demands on workload (see setting up to fail)
- Sarcasm and jokes aimed at the victim
- Undermining them by over-ruling their decisions and views
In some cases, teachers are ignored and isolated by colleagues in the staffroom or turned down for promotion or training courses (see silent treatment).[23] Other times, teachers are ostracized as whistleblowers when they report to administrators on students' reports of bullying being done by their colleagues.[24]
Impacts
[edit]The power imbalance of teacher to student is greater than peer to peer and may well intensify the impact. The possible impacts on a child of bullying by teachers include:
- Victimisation and victim blaming[11]
- False accusations and fabricated formal disciplinary action[25]
- Stress symptoms such as anxiety, headaches, nausea, palpitations, and hypertension[4]
- Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as a compromised immune system, sleep problems, excessive guilt, irritability, hypervigilance (which feels like paranoia, but is not), constant anxiety, reactive depression and suicidal thoughts[15]
- Loss of self-esteem[15]
- Loss of job[11]
Notable incidents
[edit]In April 2012, Stuart Chaifetz, a father of an autistic boy, released a video on YouTube[26] providing evidence that his son was allegedly the subject of emotional abuse at the hands of his teacher and aide at Horace Mann Elementary School, in the Cherry Hill Public Schools district.[27] The evidence was secured when Chaifetz wired his son with a microphone before sending him to school. When he listened to the audio recording, according to one news report, "Chaifetz says he caught his son's teachers gossiping, talking about alcohol and violently yelling at students. He took the audio to the Cherry Hill School District, where officials fired one of the teachers involved after hearing the tape. Chaifetz's son was relocated to a new school, where Chaifetz says he is doing well."[28][29] However, it appears that students with learning disabilities may be especially at risk for teacher bullying.[5]
In June 2014, Britain proposed the "Cinderella Law" which would put emotional abuse in the Criminal Code.[30]
In popular culture
[edit]Teachers being portrayed as bullies have made into popular culture, along with works with teachers being bullied by other teachers, students, and even the principal.
Films
[edit]- Kids in America, a group of students with help from some teachers tries to stop their bully of a principal from becoming Superintendent, realizing the harm she can cause.
- The Nutty Professor, The School Bully bullies the Professor.
- Matilda, based on the novel of the same name, a student with psychokinesis helps her fellow students and a teacher to stop a cruel principal's reign of terror in the school.
- The Breakfast Club, Principal Vernon is often seen as a bully to the students serving detention.
- Mr. Woodcock, the film focuses on a man who is outraged that his former gym teacher, who bullied him and his classmates, is about to become his stepfather.
- A Little Princess, the main character is the target of a corrupt principal at a boarding school.
- The 400 Blows, Antoine Doinel is tormented by his insensitive teacher Guy Decomble.
- Whiplash,[citation needed] Andrew Neiman is bullied by his abusive teacher Terence Fletcher.[31]
Books
[edit]- The Harry Potter series features bullying teachers, mainly Severus Snape and Dolores Umbridge.
- British girls' comics often featured bully teachers and principals in serials and regular strips. Examples can be found in Wee Sue, The Girls of Liberty Lodge and The Four Friends at Spartan School, (Tammy), and Hard Times for Helen (Judy). Patsy on the Warpath (June) reversed the trend to show a teacher being bullied by toughs in her class.
TV
[edit]- iCarly: there have been episodes, like "IHave My Principals", where Ms. Francine Briggs and Mr. Howard clearly bully students, including the main characters, one of whom, Sam, is a bully herself. Mr. Devlin and Lauren Ackerman also bullied the students.
- Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide, Mr. Sweeney, a science teacher, appears to be evil until the third season, where he appears to reform himself to the point of saving his students from Vice Principal Harvey Crubbs, who also bullies the students, mainly the main characters.
- Glee, Coach Bieste is bullied by staff, including Sue Sylvester and students.
- Home and Away, Casey Braxton is bullied by Mr Dave Townsend in Summer Bay High.
- The Simpsons episode, Black Eyed, Please, Lisa is bullied by a jealous substitute teacher, Miss Cantwell.
- Later in episode Blazed and Confused, Bart is bullied by his cruel and sadistic new teacher, Mr. Jack Lassen, who shaves off the boy's hair in class.
- Grange Hill (season four, episode four) Christopher Stewart is bullied by P.E. teacher Mr. Hicks, to the point of physical injury.
Music
[edit]- "The Happiest Days of Our Lives" by Pink Floyd – song about abusive teachers who are themselves abused by their wives at home.
See also
[edit]- Mobbing
- Personality disorders
- School bullying
- School violence
- Sexual harassment in education
- Sexual harassment and abuse of students by teachers
- Workplace bullying
References
[edit]- ^ "Bullying Teachers". www.bullyingstatistics.org. 2015-07-07. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
- ^ "Teachers Bullying Students". No Bullying: Anti Bullying Help Center. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
- ^ Hoel, H. & Cooper, C.L. Destructive Conflict and Bullying at Work, Sponsored by the British Occupational Health Research Foundation, Manchester School of Management, UMIST (2000)
- ^ a b c BULLYING in the staffroom is having a deeply traumatic effect on some teachers and their families, new research reveals. Irish Independent April 14, 2009
- ^ a b "Students with Learning Disabilities at Risk for Teacher Bullying". Kids in the House. 2015-09-10. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "Teaching Bullies". Ginger Kadlec: BeAKidsHero™. Archived from the original on 2015-11-13. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "Why don't kids speak up about bullying?". The Edvocate. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "10 Signs That Your Child's Teacher or Coach May Be a Bully". Healing Walls. 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ PhD, Jennifer Fraser (2015-08-07). "Recognizing the Abusive Coach as Jekyll and Hyde". Teaching Bullies. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "Rewarding Adults Who Bully". Kids in the House. 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ a b c Parsons L Bullied Teacher, Bullied Student: How to Recognize the Bullying Culture in Your School and What to Do About It (2005)
- ^ Terry, AA (1998). "Teachers as targets of bullying by their pupils : a study to investigate incidence". British Journal of Educational Psychology. 68 (2): 255–268. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1998.tb01288.x.
- ^ de Wet C The Reasons for and the Impact of Principal-on-Teacher Bullying on the Victims' Private and Professional Lives - Teaching and Teacher Education: An International Journal of Research and Studies, Vol 26 No 7 Pages 1450-1459 Oct 2010
- ^ McEvoy A Teachers Who Bully Students: Patterns and Policy Implications - Hamilton Fish Institute’s Persistently Safe Schools Conference, Philadelphia, September 11-14, 2005 Archived July 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Field T Staffroom bullying The Times Educational Supplement (TES) Magazine 21 June 2002
- ^ Strickland S Bullies in the staff room The Independent 23 November 1995
- ^ Dean C Call to beat the staffroom bullies Archived 2012-10-03 at the Wayback Machine The Times Educational Supplement (TES) 16 April 2004
- ^ Being bullied in the staffroom BBC News 20 November 2006
- ^ McCall B Staffroom suffering Education Guardian, 20 November 2006
- ^ "Abuse or motivation? I know it when I see it. Do you? By Matt Davidson, Ph.D., President, Institute for Excellence & Ethics (IEE)". Excellence and Ethics (Blog). Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ "Preventing Child Maltreatment: a guide to taking action and generating evidence" (PDF). World Health Organization / International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.
- ^ "The use of homophobic slurs in sports: It's for the athletes' own good, right?". The Edvocate. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
- ^ a b c Lepkowska D The shocking stories of teacher-on-teacher bullying Archived 2017-06-19 at the Wayback Machine Secondary Education News (SecEd) 11 Nov 2010
- ^ Cribb, Robert (2015-04-02). "Jennifer Fraser says she left because of a "hostile, humiliating, poisoned or intolerable work environment," created after she complained her son was being abused by teacher coaches. The school says allegations have no basis". The Toronto Star. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
- ^ Munday K The Bullying of Teachers Through the Use of Formal Disciplinary Procedures 2003 Archived June 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Teacher/Bully: How My Son Was Humiliated and Tormented by his Teacher and Aide", Stuart Chaifetz, video at YouTube, posted April 20, 2012
- ^ Horace Mann Elementary School website
- ^ NJ Father Records Teachers Bullying His Autistic Child, MyFoxPhilly.com
- ^ "Verbal abuse of autistic student sparks calls for reform", Jim Walsh and Phil Dunn, Cherry Hill Courier-Post, reprinted at USA Today website, 29 April 2012
- ^ "Should Emotional Abuse Be Criminalized?". www.hautlife.com. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
- ^ PhD, Jennifer Fraser (2015-08-26). "Whiplash: Drum Solo versus Suicide". Teaching Bullies. Retrieved 2015-11-29.
Further reading
[edit]Books
- Blase, J; JR Blase (2003). Breaking the Silence: Overcoming the Problem of Principal Mistreatment of Teachers. Corwin Press. ISBN 978-0-7619-7772-8.
- Hart, N.; J. Hurd (2000). Teacher stress: the consequences of harassment and bullying. Monitor. ISBN 978-1-871241-31-0.
- Horwitz, K. (2008). White Chalk Crime: The REAL Reason Schools Fail. Booksurge Llc. ISBN 978-1-4196-9407-3.
- Schnall, R.S. (2009). When Teachers Talk: Principal Abuse of Teachers / The Untold Story. Goldenring Publishing. ISBN 978-0-578-00563-8.
Academic papers
- Allen, K.P. (Spring 2010). "Classroom Management, Bullying, and Teacher Practices" (PDF). The Professional Educator. 34 (1).
- Barnes CA A study investigating the opinions and experiences OF selected teachers regarding teacher bullying - 2007
- Delfabbro, P.; Winefield T.; Trainor S.; Dollard M.; Anderson S.; Metzer J; Hammarstrom A. (2006). "Peer and teacher bullying/victimization of South Australian secondary school students: Prevalence and psychosocial profiles". British Journal of Educational Psychology. 76 (1): 71–90. doi:10.1348/000709904X24645. PMID 16573980.
- Hepburn, A (December 2000). "Power lines: Derrida, discursive psychology and the management of accusations of teacher bullying". British Journal of Social Psychology. 39 (4): 605–628. doi:10.1348/014466600164651. PMID 11190687.
- Monsvold T, Bendixen M, Hagen R Exposure to teacher bullying in schools: A study of patients with personality disorders - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2011 Feb 25
- Twemlow, SW; P Fonagy; FC Sacco; JR Brethour Jr. (May 2006). "Teachers who bully students: A hidden trauma" (PDF). International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 52 (3): 187–198. doi:10.1177/0020764006067234. PMID 16875191. S2CID 9158504. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
External links
[edit]- "Teachers 'bullied at school'". BBC News. April 12, 2003. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
- Teacher suicide rate doubles