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Bun Rany

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In this Cambodian name, the surname is Bun. In accordance with Cambodian custom, this person should be referred to by the given name, Rany.
Her Excellency
Samdech Kittipritbandit
Bun Rany
ប៊ុន រ៉ានី
President of the Cambodian Red Cross
Incumbent
Assumed office
30 April 1998
Prime MinisterUng Huot
Hun Sen
Hun Manet
Vice PresidentPich Chanmony
Preceded byNorodom Marie
Spouse of the Prime Minister of Cambodia
In role
30 November 1998 – 22 August 2023
Prime MinisterHun Sen
Preceded byHerself
Succeeded byPich Chanmony
In role
24 September 1993 – 30 November 1998
Alongside Norodom Marie (1993–1997) and Ung Malis Yvonne (1997–1998)
Prime Minister
Preceded byNorodom Marie
Succeeded byHerself
In role
14 January 1985 – 2 July 1993
Acting from 24 December 1984
Prime MinisterHun Sen
Preceded byPham Thi Ien
Succeeded byNorodom Marie
Personal details
Born
Bun Sam Hieng

(1954-12-15) 15 December 1954 (age 69)
Krouch Chhmar District, Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia
(now in Tbong Khmum Province)
Political partyCambodian People's Party
SpouseHun Sen (m. 1976)
Children
Residence(s)Phnom Penh, Cambodia
ProfessionNurse
EthnicitySino-Khmer[1][2]
WebsiteCambodian Red Cross

Bun Rany (Khmer: ប៊ុន រ៉ានី, UNGEGN: Bŭn Rani [ɓun raːniː]; born 15 December 1954) is the spouse of the former prime minister of Cambodia Hun Sen. She also served as the vice president of the National Association of the Cambodian Red Cross and, since 1998, as its president.[3] She has received national and international recognition and numerous awards for her work and endeavor with Cambodia's orphans and poor, HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention, and her emphasis on women's issues with efforts to improve domestic safety and empowerment through education and vocational training.[3] Her full honorary title is Samdech Kittipritbandit Bun Rany Hun Sen (Khmer: សម្តេចកិត្តិព្រឹទ្ធបណ្ឌិត ប៊ុន រ៉ានី ហ៊ុនសែន; lit. 'Celebrated Senior Scholar Bun Rany Hun Sen').[4]

Titles

As the wife of the Prime Minister, she was previously referred to as Lok Chumteav Bun Rany - Hun Sen (Khmer: លោកជំទាវប៊ុន រ៉ានី ហ៊ុន សែន). Lok Chumteav is a title for high-ranking female officials or the wives of high-ranking ministers or government officials. The name of her husband follows to indicate her title is due to her status as Hun Sen's wife. On 30 March 2011, Cambodian king Norodom Sihamoni granted her the title Kittipritbandit (Khmer: កិត្តិព្រឹទ្ធបណ្ឌិត), a title meaning roughly "Celebrated Senior Sage/Scholar/PhD" and equivalent to an honorary Doctorate in the Royal Academy of Cambodia.[3] On 8 May 2013, King Sihamoni awarded her the title Samdech (Khmer: សម្ដេច), the highest bestowed title in the Khmer kingdom, thus making her full title Samdech Kittipritbandit Bun Rany Hun Sen (Khmer: សម្ដេចកិត្តិព្រឹទ្ធបណ្ឌិតប៊ុន រ៉ានី ហ៊ុន សែន).[3][5] Although she should technically be addressed as Samdech, she is often informally referenced as Lok Chumtiew.

Early life

Bun Rany was born Bun Sam Hieng to a Chinese-Khmer family in what was then the province of Kampong Cham, Cambodia in Roka Khnao, Krouch Chhmar District (now a part of Tbong Khmum Province).[1][2] Her parents, Lin Kri and Bun Sieng Ly, were prosperous farmers who traced their ancestry to Kwangtung (Guangdong) in China.[1] Rany has two brothers and three sisters. As children, before the Cambodian Civil War, they all walked half an hour to school, wading across the Roka Khnao River in the dry season or hitching a ferry ride across in the wet season when the water was too deep to cross. She has stated that her maternal grandparents' gentle instruction in Cambodian tradition was very influential in her later life.[1] In 1970, when Rany was 16 years old, her grandparents died. Shortly thereafter, Prince Sihanouk was deposed by General Lon Nol. These two events deeply affected her and when the exiled Prince aligned with the Communist Khmer Rouge and issued a call for Cambodians to fight against Lon Nol's government, Rany secretly joined the National United Front of Kampuchea. The local cadres gave her a choice of positions. She chose the medical field and the leadership arranged for her training by doctors who had come from Phnom Penh to lecture fresh recruits. After six months of Khmer Rouge training, she was sent back to Krouch Chhmar with the title of Public Health Officer.[1] By 1974, she was the director of a Khmer Rouge hospital located approximately 50 km from the front line of fighting against Lon Nol's Khmer Republic government forces.[citation needed]

Marriage to Hun Sen

In March 1974, Rany met Hun Sen (through Le Duc Tho) who, having joined the Khmer Rouge in 1970, commanded most of the soldiers that were treated at her hospital.[1] As the Khmer Rouge leadership forbade fraternization among the people and strictly controlled every facet of life, including courtship and marriage, they carried on a romance through intermediaries and occasionally on the pretense of official Party business. Hun Sen officially requested the Angkar to allow a marriage in late 1974 but despite his reputation as a good leader, was told to wait until Phnom Penh was captured and the whole country was under Khmer Rouge rule. In 1975, one day before the fall of Phnom Penh, Hun Sen was hit by shrapnel and lost his left eye. Considering him now to be disabled, Bun Rany's superiors decided he was not suitable for marriage and instead attempted to arrange for her to marry a series of prominent men in Krouch Chhmar District, all of whom she rejected. Likewise, Hun Sen's superiors attempted to find a "more suitable" partner for him, suggesting, among others, a high-ranking Party woman twelve years his senior. Their refusal to follow the orders of their superiors led to lowered esteem and suspicion of loyalties. In early 1976, the Angkar organized a group marriage ceremony with twelve wounded and handicapped soldiers and notified Hun Sen and Bun Rany that they could marry as part of this event.[1] The group wedding took place with little ceremony in a very remote location with no family members in attendance. They were told to live in Memot District where Hun Sen was stationed on the border with Vietnam while Rany was assigned to work long hours in neighbouring Ponhea Kraek and Tboung Khmum districts. On 10 November 1976, Bun Rany gave birth to their first child in Memot, a son whom they named Kamsot (meaning "sad") who died later the same day as a result of being dropped by a Khmer Rouge nurse, Rany claims.[3]

Hun Sen and Rany have six children, four sons (one of them deceased) and three daughters (one of them adopted). Their names are Kamsot (deceased), Manet, Mana, Manit, Mani, Mali and Malis.[3]

Activities as First Lady

Bun Rany accompanies First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama during a visit to Siem Reap Province on 21 March 2015.

In 1977, the Khmer Rouge began internal purges directed at those suspected of disloyalty. Hun Sen, who had risen to the rank of Battalion Commander, became paranoid and fled with his followers into Vietnam where they joined a rebel army and replacement government organized by the Vietnamese in advance of its effort to overthrow the Khmer Rouge regime.[6] Bun Rany, who was left behind, was imprisoned by the Khmer Rouge and would not see her husband again until almost two years later when the Vietnamese invaded Cambodia in 1979. Upon defeating the Khmer Rouge and occupying Cambodia, the Vietnamese named Hun Sen as deputy prime minister and freed Bun Rany who then began organizing orphanages and schools for the orphans left behind by the genocidal policies of the Khmer Rouge.[3] In 1985, Hun Sen was appointed prime minister, giving Bun Rany a better platform to expand both her economic activities and her humanitarian work. During the post-1988 process of Thai-Cambodian rapprochement, she forged a close personal relationship with the wife of Thai Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan, and became deeply involved in the rapidly growing legal and illegal trade between Cambodia and Thailand.[7] From her position as first lady, she began to call attention to the plight of those infected with HIV/AIDS, the poor and women's issues. In April 1994 at the first congress of the Cambodian Red Cross, she was elected as its Vice President while Princess Eng Marie, wife of then Co-Prime Minister Prince Norodom Ranariddh was elected president. At its second congress in 1998, Bun Rany was elected president after Hun Sen consolidated his power by violently ousting and exiling Ranariddh.[8][9]

Some of the highlights of her tenure thus far have been the establishment of five development centers located throughout Cambodia aimed at providing vocational and business training to women and the poor,[3] organizing and delivering aid to victims of floods that regularly inundate Cambodia (2000, 2011 and 2013, among others)[9][10] and efforts supporting the UN Secretary-General's Action Plan for Women and Children's Health.[3]

Criticism and controversy

As the former communist wife of a leader who is widely considered a despotic dictator,[11][12][13] Bun Rany is not without detractors.[14] For instance, in 2003 Noranarith Anandayath, adviser to Prince Ranariddh, accused her of politicizing the Red Cross, a worldwide organization whose reputation is founded on its political neutrality, by funneling money from her husband's Cambodian People's Party (CPP) to villagers during an election when parties were prohibited from "making gifts" to voters.[15]

In October 2013 critics including Prince Sisowath Thomico and Sam Rainsy accused her of abusing her position when, at a Cambodian Red Cross flood relief event in Pailin, she spent the majority of her speech denouncing the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP)[9] in the wake of a controversial national election that spawned some of the biggest protests Cambodia has seen in decades.[16]

In October 1999, following the public assassination of popular Cambodian actress Pisith Pilika, the French magazine L’Express claimed that the actress’ diary recounted a love affair with Hun Sen and named Bun Rany as the mastermind behind the shooting; the magazine also claimed that on her deathbed the actress had named Bun Rany to several people. Bun Rany quickly denied these charges, and announced that she would press charges against L’Express for defamation.[17] However, no charges were ever brought against L'Express.[18]

Special interest groups

Cambodia, officially a multiparty democracy, in reality "remains a one-party state dominated by the Cambodian People's Party and Prime Minister Hun Sen, Bun's husband, a former Khmer Rouge official in power since 1985. The open doors to new investment during his reign have yielded the most access to a coterie of cronies of his and his wife, Bun Rany".[19]

Awards and honours

The following is a list of awards and honours accumulated by Lok Chumtiew Bun Rany.[3]

  • November 2006 - Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS and the Asia Pacific Leadership Forum (APLF) recognise Bun Rany as an APLF Outstanding Champion
  • October 2008 - Honorary Doctorate in Humanity from the University of Cambodia[20]
  • June 2009 - Honorary Doctorate in Economic Science from the Women's University of Seoul
  • July 2010 - Honorary Doctorate in Literature from the Jeon Ju University of South Korea
  • April 2010 - Honorary Doctorate in Education from Silla University, Busan, South Korea
  • March 2011 - Granted title Kittiprittbandit of the Royal Academy of Cambodia by King Sihamoni

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Mehta, Harish; Julie Mehta (2013). Strongman: The Extraordinary Life of Hun Sen. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions (Time Publishing Limited). ISBN 9789814361293. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  2. ^ a b (in Chinese) 柬埔寨首相夫人上书求禁“3G” 祖籍为中国海南, 2006-06-13, Sohu; 洪森改譯名有“講究” 雲升有著強烈的中國情結 Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, 2003-08-13, Qingdao news
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kingdom of Cambodia. "Lok Chumteav Dr. Bun Rany - Hun Sen". Kingdom of Cambodia. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  4. ^ "Welcome, Lord Prime Minister: Cambodian media told to use leader's full royal title". The Guardian. 12 May 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  5. ^ អយុធ្យា, ដែន (8 May 2013). "អ្នកស្រី ប៊ុន រ៉ានី ត្រូវបានប្រទានងារ "សម្ដេចកិត្តិព្រឹទ្ធបណ្ឌិត"". Radio Free Asia (in Khmer). Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  6. ^ "Cambodia's Hun Sen Is Himself Khmer Rouge". The New York Times. 7 December 1989. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
  7. ^ Balázs Szalontai, From Battlefield into Marketplace: The End of the Cold War in Indochina, 1985-9. In: Artemy Kalinovsky and Sergey Radchenko (eds.), The End of the Cold War in the Third World. New Perspectives on Regional Conflict (London: Routledge, 2011), p. 164.
  8. ^ "Cambodia: July 1997: Shock and Aftermath | Human Rights Watch". 27 July 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-07-23. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  9. ^ a b c Mech, Dara; Alex Willemyns (28 October 2013). "Bun Rany Slams CNRP During Red Cross Event". The Cambodia Daily. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  10. ^ "Case studies on mitigating disasters in Asia and the Pacific" (PDF). Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. June 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ "Speak Truth to Cambodia's Dictator". www.hrw.org. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  12. ^ "Tenth out of ten". The Economist. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  13. ^ Reuters Archived 2015-10-18 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 3 February 2014
  14. ^ Hruby, Denise (2 November 2013). "Neutrality of Red Cross in Question After Bun Rany's Speech". The Cambodian Daily. Archived from the original on 16 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  15. ^ Lueng, Wency (23 July 2003). "F'pec Blasts Red Cross Claim Against Princess". The Cambodia Daily. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  16. ^ Dara, Mech (6 January 2014). "CNRP Holds Biggest Demonstration in Decades". The Cambodia Daily. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  17. ^ Marston, John (2000) “Camboya.” Asia Pacífico No. 7, pp. 138-168. available at http://ceaa.colmex.mx/profesores/paginamarston/imagenespaginamarston/ap00.htm
  18. ^ Marcher, Anette (27 October 2000). "Bun Rany fails to act on Pelika diary". Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  19. ^ Bahree, Megha. "In Cambodia, A Close Friendship With The PM Leads To Vast Wealth For One Power Couple". Forbes. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
  20. ^ "Welcome to The University of Cambodia (UC)". uc.edu.kh. Retrieved 2018-05-09.
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