Editing Brentwood, Essex

{{Short description|Town in Essex, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}

{{Infobox UK place
| official_name            = Brentwood
| country                  = England
| region                   = East of England
| population               = 
| population_ref           = {{nowrap|55,340 (built-up area, 2021)<ref name=built>{{cite web |title=Towns and cities, characteristics of built-up areas, England and Wales |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/housing/articles/townsandcitiescharacteristicsofbuiltupareasenglandandwales/census2021 |website=Census 2021 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>}}
| os_grid_reference        = TQ595938
| post_town                = Brentwood
| postcode_area            = CM
| postcode_district        = CM13-CM15
| dial_code                = 01277
| constituency_westminster = [[Brentwood and Ongar (UK Parliament constituency)|Brentwood and Ongar]]
| shire_district           = [[Borough of Brentwood|Brentwood]]
| shire_county             = [[Essex]]
| coordinates              = {{Coord|51.620|0.305|display=inline,title}}
| static_image             = The Chapel of Thomas 'a Becket, High Street, Brentwood - geograph.org.uk - 34068.jpg
| static_image_caption     = The ruins of the Chapel of [[Thomas Becket]]
}}

'''Brentwood''' is a town in [[Essex]], [[England]], in the [[London metropolitan area|London commuter belt]] 20 miles (30 km) north-east of [[Charing Cross]] and close to the [[M25 motorway]]. The population of the built-up area was 55,340 in 2021.<ref name=built/> 

Brentwood is a town with a shopping area along the High Street, a [[Roman road]] which became one of the main roads between London and East Anglia. Beyond the town centre are residential developments surrounded by open countryside and woodland; some of this countryside lies within only a few hundred yards of the town centre. [[Brentwood Cathedral]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood]].

Since 1978, Brentwood has been [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with [[Roth, Bavaria|Roth]] in Germany and with [[Montbazon]] in France since 1994.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood.gov.uk/index.php?cid=2356 |title=Town Twinning |publisher=Brentwood Borough Council |access-date=15 March 2014}}</ref> It also has a relationship with [[Brentwood, Tennessee]] in the United States.

==History==

===Etymology===
The name was assumed by some in the 1700s to derive from a corruption of the words 'burnt' and 'wood', with the name Burntwood still visible on some 18th-century maps. However, ''[[Brent (name)|brent]]'' was the middle English for "burnt". The name describes the presumed reason for settlement in the part of the Forest of Essex (later [[Epping Forest]]) that would have covered the area, where a major occupation was charcoal burning.

===Early history===
Although a [[Bronze Age]] axe has been found in Brentwood and there are clear signs of an entrenched encampment in [[Weald Country Park]], it is considered unlikely that there was any significant early settlement of the area. At the time, most of Essex was covered by the [[Epping Forest|Great Forest]]. It is believed that despite the Roman road between [[London]] and [[Colchester]] passing through the town, the [[Saxons]] were the earliest settlers of the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood-council.gov.uk/index.php?cid=52 |title=Foundation of the Town |publisher=Brentwood-council.gov.uk |access-date=20 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122133853/http://www.brentwood-council.gov.uk/index.php?cid=52 |archive-date=22 January 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>

The borough was on a crossroads, where the Roman road from [[Colchester]] to London crossed the route the pilgrims took over the [[River Thames]] to Canterbury. A chapel was built in or around 1221, and in 1227 a market charter was granted. Its growth may have been stimulated by the cult of St. Thomas the Martyr, to whom the chapel was dedicated: the 13th-century ruin of [[Thomas Becket]] Chapel was a popular stopping point for pilgrims on their way to Canterbury. The ruin stands in the centre of the high street and the nearby parish church of Brentwood, built in the 1880s, retains the dedication to St. Thomas of Canterbury.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.st-thomas.org.uk|title=Anglican Parish of St Thomas of Canterbury|publisher=St-thomas.org.uk|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|desc=Church of St Thomas of Canterbury, Non Civil Parish |num=1197244|accessdate=2022-02-05}}</ref> [[Pilgrims Hatch]], or 'Pilgrims' gate', was probably named from pilgrims who crossed through on their way to the chapel. It is likely, however, that Brentwood's development was due chiefly to its main road position, its market, and its convenient location as an administrative centre. Early industries were connected mainly with textile and garment making, brewing, and brickmaking.<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63844&strquery=brentwood%20martyr|title=British History Online : Brentwood|publisher=British-history.ac.uk|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

During the [[Peasants' Revolt]] of 1381, Brentwood was the meeting place for some of the instigators, such as [[John Ball (priest)|John Ball]] and [[Jack Straw (rebel leader)|Jack Straw]]. They apparently met regularly in local pubs and inns. The first event of the Peasants' Revolt occurred in Brentwood, when men from Fobbing, Corringham and Stanford were summoned by the commissioner Thomas Bampton to Brentwood to answer as to who had avoided paying the poll tax.  Bampton insisted that the peasants pay what was demanded of them. The peasants refused to pay and a riot ensued as Bampton attempted to arrest the peasants. The peasants moved to kill Bampton, but he managed to escape to London. The rioters then, fearing the repercussions of what they had done, fled into the forest. After the riot the peasants sent word to the rest of the country and initiated the Peasants' Revolt.<ref>Dedman, M. Peasants were revolting - and they did it right here. ''Brentwood Gazette'', 6 June 2012. p. 20.</ref> 

The Essex [[assizes]] were sometimes held here, as well as at [[Chelmsford]]. One such pub was ''The White Hart'' <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/54568|title=The White Hart, Brentwood High Street (C) John Winfield :: Geograph Britain and Ireland|publisher=Geograph.org.uk|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref> (now a nightclub). One of the oldest buildings in Brentwood; it is believed to have been built in 1480 although apocryphal evidence suggests a hostelry might have stood on the site as much as a hundred years earlier and been visited in 1392 by [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], whose coat of arms included a ''[[White Hart]]''. The ground floor was originally stabling and in the mid-1700s the owners ran their own coach service to London. On 13 September 2009, the building and roof suffered significant damage during a fire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/news/BRENTWOOD-Huge-blaze-hits-Sugar-Hut/article-1336005-detail/article.html|title=BRENTWOOD: Huge blaze hits Sugar Hut|work=Essex Chronicle|access-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922234011/http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/news/BRENTWOOD-Huge-blaze-hits-Sugar-Hut/article-1336005-detail/article.html|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The building now shows little of its original historic interest,

Marygreen Manor, a 16th-century building on London Road, is mentioned in [[Samuel Pepys]]' diaries and is said to have been often visited by the Tudor monarch [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] when Henry Roper, Gentleman Pursuant to Queen [[Catherine of Aragon]], lived there in 1514. It is now a hotel and restaurant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marygreenmanor.co.uk/|title=Marygreen Manor|publisher=Marygreenmanor.co.uk|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref> In 1686 Brentwood's inns were estimated to provide 110 beds and stabling for 183 horses.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thecolchesterarchaeologist.co.uk/?p=29991 | title=Some good archaeology in the High Street at Brentwood | date=9 August 2016 }}</ref> There were 11 inns in the town in 1788.
[[File:Ruins of St. Thomas a Becket chapel - geograph.org.uk - 1528751.jpg|thumb|The Baytree Centre]]
Protestant martyr [[William Hunter (Protestant martyr)|William Hunter]] was burnt at the stake in Brentwood in 1555. A monument to him was erected by subscription in 1861 at Wilson's Corner. [[Brentwood School (Essex)|Brentwood School]] was founded in 1557 and established in 1558, in Ingrave Road and behind the greens on Shenfield Road by [[Anthony Browne (justice)|Sir Anthony Browne]] and the site of Hunter's execution in commemorated by a plaque in the school. Thomas Munn, 'gentleman brickmaker' of Brentwood, met a less noble end when he was hanged for robbing the Yarmouth mail and his body was exhibited in chains at [[Gallows Corner]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.romfordrecorder.co.uk/news/heritage-highway-robberies-8226868 | title=Heritage: Tales of highway robberies | date=12 August 2021 }}</ref> a road junction a few miles from Brentwood, in Romford. A ducking stool was mentioned in 1584.<ref name="History"/>

As the Roman road grew busier, Brentwood became a major coaching stop for stagecoaches, with plenty of inns for overnight accommodation as the horses were rested. A 'stage' was approximately ten miles, and being about {{convert|20|mi|km}} from London, Brentwood would have been a second stop for travellers to [[East Anglia]]. This has not changed; there is an above average number of pubs in the area - possibly due to the army being stationed at [[Warley Barracks]] until 1958. Some of the pubs date back to the 15th and 16th centuries. Brentwood was also significant as a hub for the London postal service, with a major post office since the 18th century. The major post office on the high street was closed in the 2008 budget cuts; Brentwood residents now must rely on sub-post offices.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1435250/Post-office-closures-Full-list-of-branches.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1435250/Post-office-closures-Full-list-of-branches.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | title=Post office closures: Full list of branches | date=28 February 2008 | access-date=26 April 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

[[Daniel Defoe]] wrote about Brentwood as being "...full of good inns, and chiefly maintained by the excessive multitude of carriers and passengers,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/travellers/Defoe/3 |title=Daniel Defoe &#124; Letter 1, Part 2: Harwich and Suffolk |publisher=Vision of Britain |date= |accessdate=2022-08-27}}</ref> which are constantly passing this way to London, with droves of cattle, provisions and manufactures."

The 'Brentwood Ring', the earliest Christian ring ever to have been discovered in Britain was found in Brentwood in the late 1940s. It now resides at the [[British Museum]] in London.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finger-ring |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1984-1001-1 |website=The British Museum |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> The only other ring of its type in existence can be found at the [[Vatican Museum]] in [[Rome]].<ref>Antiquaries Journal Volume 65 (1985) 'A Roman Christian ring from Brentwood, Essex' pgs. 461-463</ref>

===Modern history===
[[File:Brentwood Cathedral-2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Brentwood Cathedral]]]]
In 1917, the Roman Catholic church on Ingrave Road was awarded cathedral status. Between 1989 and 1991 the building was modified to an Italianate Classical style. [[Brentwood Cathedral]] is currently the seat of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Brentwood]]. Nearby [[Ingatestone Hall]] is noted for its Roman Catholic connections through the Petre family. The hall is a 16th-century manor house built by Sir William Petre at Yenge-atte-Stone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.touruk.co.uk/houses/housesessex_ingatestone.htm#text|title=Ingatestone Hall|publisher=Touruk.co.uk|access-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114024209/http://www.touruk.co.uk/houses/housesessex_ingatestone.htm#text|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> The staunch Petres played a significant role in the preservation of the Catholic faith in England. Sir William was assistant to [[Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex|Thomas Cromwell]] when [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] sought to [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|dissolve the monasteries]] and ascended to the confidential post of Secretary of State, throughout the revolutionary changes of four Tudor monarchs: Henry VIII, [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], [[Mary I of England|Mary I]], and [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11780a.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Family of Petre|publisher=Newadvent.org|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref> Queen Mary, in 1553, on her way to claim her crown in London, stopped at Ingatestone Hall; later, Queen Elizabeth I spent several nights at the hall on her royal progress of 1561.

Today, Ingatestone Hall, like all other large Tudor houses, is an expression of wealth and status and retains many of the features of a 16th-century knightly residence, despite alterations by descendants who still live in the house.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hidden-treasures.co.uk/search.php?id=53|title=Ingatestone Hall|website=Hidden Treasures of Essex|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614161927/http://www.hidden-treasures.co.uk/search.php?id=53|archive-date=14 June 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=18 May 2009}}</ref> Ingatestone Hall represented the exterior of Bleak House in the 2005 television adaptation of [[Charles Dickens]]' novel, and also appeared in an episode of the television series ''[[Lovejoy]]''. It is open to the public for tours, concerts, and performances; the hall and grounds can be rented for weddings and other occasions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.touruk.co.uk/houses/housesessex_ingatestone.htm|title=Ingatestone Hall|publisher=Touruk.co.uk|access-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130114024209/http://www.touruk.co.uk/houses/housesessex_ingatestone.htm|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Brentwood was the location of [[Warley Hospital]], a [[psychiatric hospital]], from 1853 to 2001. A British [[East India Company]] elephant training school was based in Brentwood and this remained an active army base as a depot for the [[Essex Regiment]] until 1959,<ref name="History"/>  when much of the site was redeveloped as the European headquarters for the [[Ford Motor Company]]. A few buildings remain from the Barracks – the regimental chapel, the gymnasium (now home to Brentwood Trampoline Club) and the officers' mess (now Marillac Hospital).

===Military history===
The military has associations with [[Warley, Essex|Warley]] going back over 200 years. It also had strategic importance during the time of the Spanish Armada - it was used as a meeting place for contingents from eight eastern and midland counties (900 horsemen assembled here) to then travel on to Tilbury. The local common was used as a military camp in 1742, and became a permanent feature as [[Warley Barracks]] in 1804.

During [[World War II]], over 1,000 bombs were dropped on Brentwood, with 19 flying bombs ([[V-1 flying bomb|V1]]), 32 long-range rockets ([[V2 rocket|V2]]) and many incendiary bombs and parachute mines. 5,038 houses were destroyed, 389 people were injured and 43 died. The 15th- and 16th-century pubs, however, survived. Brentwood had been considered a safe enough haven to evacuate London children here - 6,000 children arrived in September 1939 alone.

===Today===
[[File:First Essex 43715 on Route 9, Brentwood High Street (15978375165).jpg|thumb|A bus in Brentwood High Street]]
The town is increasingly suburban, but it does have a very rural feel, with trees, fields and open spaces all around the town; Shenfield Common is also less than one mile from town centre shops.

Brentwood's high street has also been subject to major redevelopment works costing between £3 million and £7 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/searching/Brentwood-High-Street-revamp-slow/article-191438-detail/article.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505084832/http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/searching/Brentwood-High-Street-revamp-slow/article-191438-detail/article.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2013|title=This is Total Essex.co.uk|work=Essex Chronicle|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/latestnews/BRENTWOOD-Residents-doubt-value-6m-High-Street-improvements/article-922824-detail/article.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120913115307/http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/latestnews/BRENTWOOD-Residents-doubt-value-6m-High-Street-improvements/article-922824-detail/article.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 September 2012|title=This is Total Essex.co.uk|work=Essex Chronicle|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Brentwood High Street Improvement Scheme |url=http://www.brentwoodhighstreet.co.uk/ |access-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628091814/http://www.brentwoodhighstreet.co.uk/ |archive-date=28 June 2009}}</ref> This included the demolition of the ''Sir Charles Napier'' pub to build an additional lane to improve traffic flow at the west end of the high street, and re-laying the pavements and road surface in the high street itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/news/Save-town-s-heritage/article-704347-detail/article.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919042424/http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/news/Save-town-s-heritage/article-704347-detail/article.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 September 2012|title=This is Total Essex.co.uk|work=Essex Chronicle|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

There is a proposal for creating "Dunton Garden Suburb" on land between Basildon and Brentwood. This proposal may have 6,000 homes, together with retail, commercial and leisure uses. This is a joint proposal of the two councils and a public consultation ended in March 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dunton Garden Suburb - Joint Project with Brentwood Borough Council|url=http://www.basildon.gov.uk/dunton|website=Basildon Council|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref> The proposal has met with criticism from all political parties<ref>{{cite news|title=Parties unite to oppose Dunton Garden Suburb plans|url=http://www.halsteadgazette.co.uk/news/south_essex_news/11860209.Parties_unite_to_oppose_Dunton_Garden_Suburb_plans/|access-date=31 May 2015|work=Halstead Gazette|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> and the residents group Residents Against Inappropriate Development<ref>{{cite web|title=Say No to Dunton Garden Suburb|url=http://www.raid.org.uk/|website=Residents Against Inappropriate Development|access-date=31 May 2015}}</ref>

==Education==
Secondary schools include [[Brentwood County High School]], [[Brentwood School, Essex|Brentwood School]], [[St Martin's School, Brentwood|St Martin's School]] and [[Becket Keys Church of England School]].

Primary schools include St Helens Catholic Junior School, St Peters C of E, St Thomas of Canterbury C of E, Warley Primary, Willowbrook Primary, Holly Trees Primary, Hogarth Primary and Larchwood Primary School

==Business==
The [[Ford Motor Company]]'s United Kingdom headquarters were located in the suburb of [[Warley, Essex|Warley]] until 2018.
<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-04 |title=Ford's Brentwood HQ sold for £40m with plans for 400 homes |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-51373021 |access-date=2021-05-28}}</ref>

From the financial services sector, [[Equity Insurance Group]], comprising Equity Red Star (of [[Lloyd's of London]]), affinity provider Equity Direct Broking Limited and motorcycle insurance broker Bike Team, is headquartered in the town centre. General insurance broker Brents was established in the town in 1963.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brents |url=https://brentsinsurance.co.uk/ |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> [[The Bank of New York Mellon]] also has a substantial presence in Brentwood, as does [[LV=]], employing 350 people there.

The previous headquarters of electronics company [[Amstrad]] were located in Brentwood. The television show ''[[The Apprentice (British TV series)|The Apprentice]]'' used overhead views of the [[Canary Wharf]] business district in London as an accompaniment to interior shots of the previous Amstrad offices, Amstrad House, which has since been converted into a [[Premier Inn]] hotel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwoodweeklynews.co.uk/news/localnews/4646465.New_hotel_set_to_open/|title=New hotel set to open|date=24 September 2009 |publisher=Brentwood Weekly News|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

Well-known businesses that used to operate in the town include [[vacuum flask]] manufacturer Thermos, and [[George Nissen|Nissen]] whose UK factory and headquarters were established in the town by [[Ted Blake]] in the mid-1960s but closed in the 1980s.

==Governance==
[[File:Brentwood Town Hall 2023.jpg|thumb|[[Brentwood Town Hall]]]]
There are two tiers of local government covering Brentwood, at [[non-metropolitan district|district]] (borough) and [[non-metropolitan county|county]] level: [[Borough of Brentwood|Brentwood Borough Council]], based at [[Brentwood Town Hall]] and [[Essex County Council]], based in [[Chelmsford]].

Brentwood was historically a [[chapelry]] in the parish of [[South Weald]], becoming a separate [[civil parish]] in 1866. The parish originally covered {{convert|460|acres|km2}}. In 1891 the population was 4,949. When elected parish and district councils were established in 1894 the parish was included in the [[Billericay Rural District]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Brentwood Township / Chapelry / Civil Parish |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10235285 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref> Brentwood gained independence from the rural district in 1899 when the parish was made an [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban district]]. The urban district was substantially enlarged in 1934, when the neighbouring parishes of [[Childerditch]], [[East Horndon]], [[Hutton, Essex|Hutton]], [[Ingrave]], [[Little Warley]], [[Shenfield]], [[South Weald]] and [[West Horndon]] were all abolished and absorbed into Brentwood (with some adjustments to the boundaries with other neighbouring parishes).<ref>{{cite web |title=Brentwood Urban District |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10042215 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

[[Brentwood Urban District]] was abolished in 1974 and replaced by the larger [[Borough of Brentwood|Brentwood District]], gaining the neighbouring rural parishes of [[Blackmore]], [[Doddinghurst]], [[Ingatestone and Fryerning]], [[Kelvedon Hatch]], [[Mountnessing]], [[Navestock]] and [[Stondon Massey]].<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=si|si=The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972|year=1972|number=2039|access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref> No [[successor parish]] was created for the former urban district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ukbmd.org.uk/reg/districts/brentwood.html|title=Brentwood Registration District|publisher=UKBMD|accessdate=25 December 2021}}</ref> The enlarged district has an area of {{convert|36,378|acres|km2}} and was awarded [[Borough status in the United Kingdom|borough status]] in 1993.<ref name="bulletin9293">{{cite web|url=http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce-documents/research/clg-bulletins/bulletin92-93.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213221531/http://www.lgbce.org.uk/__documents/lgbce-documents/research/clg-bulletins/bulletin92-93.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 December 2011|title=Bulletin of Changes of Local Authority Status, Names and Areas 1 April 1992&nbsp;– 31 March 1993|publisher=Department of The Environment|access-date=15 January 2012}}</ref>

For elections to Westminster, Brentwood forms part of the [[Brentwood and Ongar (UK Parliament constituency)|Brentwood and Ongar constituency]].

==Arts and media==
The Brentwood Theatre and The Hermitage are the main cultural buildings in Brentwood, located on the same site in the town centre.

Brentwood Theatre is a fully fitted community theatre that serves more than 40 non-professional performing arts groups.<ref name="bwood-theatre-1">{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood-theatre.org|title=Brentwood Theatre|access-date=7 December 2016}}</ref>  Owned and maintained by an independent charity, Brentwood Theatre receives no regular arts funding or subsidy.  The Hermitage is used as the centre for Brentwood Youth Service.

The Hermitage youth service operates its own cafe, youth club and a live music venue called ''The Hermit'', which has had hosted bands such as [[Motörhead]] and [[InMe]]. InMe were heavily supported in their early years by the venue, whose purpose is to promote and encourage youth bands. It also plays host to private events such as a weekly jazz club that was run by the saxophonist [[Spike Robinson]] until his death. Both venues co-host the Brentwood Blues Festival, a music event that has played host to the [[Ian Dury and the Blockheads|Blockheads]] and [[Bill Wyman]]. 

Local TV coverage is provided by [[BBC London]] and [[ITV London]] which is received from the [[Crystal Palace transmitting station|Crystal Palace]] TV transmitter. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Crystal_Palace|title=Full Freeview on the Crystal Palace (Greater London, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=7 October 2023}}</ref> Some areas of town can also receive [[BBC East]] and [[ITV Anglia]] from the [[Sudbury transmitting station|Sudbury]] TV transmitter.  <ref>{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Sudbury|title=Full Freeview on the Sudbury (Suffolk, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=7 October 2023}}</ref>

Local radio stations are [[BBC Essex]] on 95.3 FM, [[Heart Essex]] on 96.3 FM, and [[Phoenix FM]], a community radio station that serves the Brentwood area. The station was formed in August 1996 and broadcast ten trial broadcasts under a restricted service licence, each lasting 28 days, the first starting on 29 December 1996 and the last ending on 25 February 2006. On 23 March 2007, the station started to broadcast permanently on 98.0&nbsp;FM, featuring popular music, local musicians and acts, local events, and interviews with key local figures.

The Brentwood Art Trail has become a popular annual summer event which was developed to create an arts experience whereby art created by local people can be recognised and appreciated.
[[File:British Youth Marching Band.jpg|thumb|The Brentwood Imperial Youth Marching Band on [[Red Square]] in 2018.]]
Brentwood is also home to the Brentwood Imperial Youth Band, which perform at many events throughout the year. It is a successful band and attracts youngsters from the age of 10 from Brentwood and surrounding areas. It was the first British band to ever take part in the [[Tournament of Roses Parade]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Pasadena Tournament of Roses |url=http://www.tournamentofroses.com/roseparade/participants.asp |access-date=12 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218053226/http://www.tournamentofroses.com/roseparade/participants.asp |archive-date=18 December 2008}}</ref> in [[Pasadena, California]] and the first youth band to play the [[Spasskaya Tower Military Music Festival and Tattoo]] on [[Moscow]]'s [[Red Square]]. It meets twice a week in Warley.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwoodlegionband.co.uk|title=WELCOME TO THE ROYAL BRITISH LEGION YOUTH BAND, BRENTWOOD|publisher=Brentwoodlegionband.co.uk|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

Among the many theatre companies in the region, Brentwood Operatic Society and Shenfield Operatic Society are two that represent the many groups providing excellent theatrical productions for the community. Brentwood Operatic Society also trains young actors with its ''BOSSY Youth'' acting program,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood-operatic.com/|title=Brentwood Operatic Society|access-date=20 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906000433/http://brentwood-operatic.com/|archive-date=6 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> headed by Gaynor Wilson, who formerly directed actor Stephen Moyer. David Pickthall serves as musical director<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bsbigband.co.uk/Pages/director.html |access-date=27 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820161210/http://www.bsbigband.co.uk/Pages/director.html |archive-date=20 August 2008 |title=Brentwood School Big Band }}</ref> when not scoring films and television shows for the BBC, directing British orchestras, and composing. The award-winning composer wrote two operas and three musicals, published worldwide by Samuel French Ltd. He is also the musical voice of the villainous penguin in the Oscar-winning ''Wallace & Grommit: The Wrong Trousers''.

Brentwood's Orchestras for Young People was founded in 1990 and grew to include five ensembles for orchestral instrumentalists of school age, who perform regularly in and around the town. Regular rehearsals and workshops introduce the musicians to a wide variety of music, from well-known classical pieces to modern music.<ref>{{cite news|title=A Tuneful Town|last=Adams|first=Nicky|date=January 2009|work=Essex Life|publisher=Archant|pages=55–58}}</ref>

The Brentwood Performing Arts Festival has now been accepted into membership by the British and International Federation of Festivals of which Queen Elizabeth II is patron.  With this, the Festival has achieved recognition as the Festival of Performing Arts for Brentwood.

The town is the venue of the Brentwood International Chess Congress which was set up in 2006 and first ran 17–18 February 2007. The congress attracted 235 competitors who included three [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmasters]] and five [[International Master]]s. The prize fund is relatively generous in comparison to many other similar congresses, being around £4,000. In 2007 it was the largest chess competition to be held in Essex and was organised by Brentwood Chess Club.

==Sport, parks and open spaces==
Although close to the extremities of [[Greater London]], Brentwood is surrounded by open countryside and woodland.  This has been cited as showing the success of the [[Metropolitan Green Belt]] in halting the outward spread of London's built-up area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood.gov.uk/brentwood_local_plan/chapter7.html |title=Brentwood Borough Council - Brentwood Local Plan - Green Belt & the Countryside |publisher=Brentwood.gov.uk |access-date=20 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025850/http://www.brentwood.gov.uk/brentwood_local_plan/chapter7.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Brentwood has a number of public open spaces including [[List of King George V Playing Fields in Essex|King George V Playing Field]], Shenfield Common, and two country parks at South Weald and Thorndon. [[Weald Country Park]] was first chosen to hold the 2012 Olympics mountain biking but was declared to be "too easy" a course. Brentwood does however host a number of Criterium Cycle Races that attract many of Britain's greatest cyclists.

The town has two large sports centres providing access to a range of sports including badminton, squash, swimming, and football. There are a number of golf courses, including a 70-par municipal course very close to the town centre at Hartswood<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood-council.gov.uk/index.php?cid=431 |title=Brentwood Borough Council - Leisure and Culture - Sports and Activities - Golf |publisher=Brentwood-council.gov.uk |access-date=20 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829084200/http://www.brentwood-council.gov.uk/index.php?cid=431 |archive-date=29 August 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> as well as others in the surrounding countryside. A number of cricket clubs exist in and around the town although the County Ground, closest to the town centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwoodcc.co.uk/ |access-date=11 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205221742/http://www.brentwoodcc.co.uk/ |archive-date=5 February 2007 |title=Brentwood Cricket Club - the Best Cricket Club in Brentwood }}</ref> no longer hosts Essex matches. Brentwood is also home to [[non-league football]] club [[Brentwood Town F.C.]] and basketball team [[London Leopards]], who both play at the Brentwood Centre Arena. The town is also home to London league club Brentwood RLFC, the only rugby league club in west Essex. Brentwood Hockey Club is also based in the town at the Old County Ground and fielded 6 men's and 5 ladies' league teams for the 2014–15 season.

Brentwood Running Club (established in 1987 as Thrift Green Trotters), encourages local runners to improve their fitness whilst having fun and meeting like-minded runners. The Club night is on Wednesdays, meeting at 7:30PM at the Brentwood Centre. A Beginners' group following the 13 week 'Couch to 5k' programme is run twice a year. <ref>{{cite web |title=Brentwood Running Club |url=https://www.brentwoodrunningclub.co.uk/ |access-date=05 April 2024}}</ref>

In 2022, a new track and field athletics club was established using the track located at Brentwood School.  With more than 250 active members, Brentwood Beagles Athletics Club takes athletes from the age of five through to all masters aged athletes across all track and field, road running and cross country disciplines and event groups. In their first year of operation they have already had athletes competing nationally and also representing the county in a range of events.  First year wins and trophies include the U13G 2022/23 Essex XC Relay Champions, six county championship medals, a number of Essex Schools Vests, County vests and national medals.  In September 2022, the Beagles appointed former Chief Executive of Brentwood Borough Council, Bob McLintock, as their inaugural President.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brentwood Beagles Athletics Club |url=https://www.beagles.org.uk/ |access-date=12 September 2023}}</ref>

Although no longer manufactured here, Brentwood became the centre of [[trampolining]] in the United Kingdom between 1965 and 1981 after [[George Nissen]] brought the new sport to the town in 1949 and eventually manufactured trampolines in the town, continuing to do so for many years after they ceased production in the US for fear of litigation. [[Ted Blake]], a long-term Brentwood resident, was managing director of Nissen UK from its inception until shortly before it closed and became a leading figure worldwide in the development of modern trampolining. Brentwood still has a thriving trampolining community but no longer a local factory.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://brentwood-trampoline.org/about-trampolining/trampolining-history/|title=Brentwood Trampoline Club|publisher=brentwood-trampoline.org|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>

The town also has a large [[volleyball]] club and the only [[Team handball|handball]] club in Essex.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/essex/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8869000/8869186.stm | work=BBC News | first=Francis | last=Kelly | title=Handball handed popularity rise | date=2 August 2010}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{more citations needed section|date=November 2016}}

* [[Trevor Brooking]] — former footballer and pundit
* [[Frank Bruno]] — boxer
* [[Leddra Chapman]] — singer
* [[Steve Davis]] — snooker player
*[[Flynn Downes]] — footballer
* [[Jonathan Firth]] — actor
* [[Barry Hearn]] — sports investor
* [[Eddie Hearn]] — sports promoter
* [[Jonty Hearnden]] — television presenter<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/searching/Antiques-star-Jonty-roots/article-398443-detail/article.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505070557/http://www.thisistotalessex.co.uk/searching/Antiques-star-Jonty-roots/article-398443-detail/article.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2013 |title=Antiques star Jonty back to his roots |publisher=This is Total Essex |access-date=30 October 2009 }}</ref>
* [[Johnny Herbert]] — three time [[Formula One]] race winner and winner of 1991 [[Le Mans 24 hours]]
* [[John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent|John Jervis]] — [[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|admiral of the fleet]] and patron of [[Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson|Nelson]]
* [[Matthew Jorysz]] — organist
* [[Sarah Kane]] — playwright
* [[Ross Kemp]] — actor
* [[Sonja Kristina]] — singer
* [[Carlton Leach]] — former criminal
* [[Pixie Lott]] — singer
* [[Jodie Marsh]] — glamour model
* [[Perry McCarthy]] — Formula One driver (former [[Top Gear (2002 TV series)|Top Gear]] Stig)
* [[Dave McPherson (musician)|Dave McPherson]] — musician
* [[Billy Murray (actor)|Billy Murray]] — actor
* [[Noel Moore]] — civil servant
* [[Stephen Moyer]] — actor<ref>IMDB, "Stephen Moyer". [1] Retrieved on 30 March 2009.</ref>
* [[Jesy Nelson]] — former member of pop group Little Mix
* [[Ray Parlour]] — former footballer and pundit
* [[Eric Pickles]] — Conservative MP
* [[Louise Redknapp]] — model and singer
* [[Neil Ruddock]] — former footballer
* [[Jeff Randall (journalist)|Jeff Randall]] — journalist
* [[Logan Sama]] — grime DJ
* [[Thomas Skinner (businessman)|Thomas Skinner]] — businessman and The Apprentice contestant
* [[Ellie Taylor]] — comedian
* [[Rhys Thomas (comedian)|Rhys Thomas]] — actor, director, comedian, producer and writer
* [[Fatima Whitbread]] — Olympic medallist
* [[Paul Wickens]] — musician
* [[Danny Young (actor)|Danny Young]] — actor

[[File:Brentwood School (Essex).jpg|thumb|right|Brentwood School, established in 1558, has been attended by a number of famous pupils]]
[[Brentwood School, Essex|Brentwood School]] pupils:
* [[Douglas Adams]] - writer<ref>{{Cite news|title=Douglas Adams|date=14 May 2001|work=[[The Times]]|issue=67138|page=17}}</ref>
* [[Robin Day]] - British political broadcaster and commentator
* [[Noel Edmonds]] - television presenter
* [[Frank Lampard]] - footballer
* [[Eddie Hearn]] - sports promoter 
* [[Griff Rhys Jones]] - actor
* [[Jack Straw]] - English politician

==Transport==
[[File:A12, Brentwood, Essex - geograph.org.uk - 35434.jpg|thumb|right|The [[A12 road (England)|A12 road]] passes Brentwood]]
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2019}}

===Buses===
Brentwood is served by a number of bus services, many being operated by [[First Essex]]. The other main bus service providers include [[Arriva Herts & Essex]] [[Ensignbus]], and [[Stagecoach London]]. [[List of bus routes in London|London Buses route 498]] links [[Romford]] with Brentwood and operates daily.

===Road===
The [[A12 road (England)|A12]], which runs between London and Lowestoft, by-passes the town to the north and the London orbital [[M25 motorway]] is located 1.2 miles (2&nbsp;km) to the south-west of the town. The [[A128 road|A128]], which links [[Ongar, Essex|Ongar]] with [[Orsett]], travels through the centre of the town. The [[A129 road|A129]] travels through the north and east of the town, connecting Brentwood with Billericay and [[Hadleigh, Essex|Hadleigh]]. The [[A1023 road|A1023]] passes through Brentwood, connecting the town with the A12.

===Railway===
[[Brentwood railway station]] is located to the south of the town centre and is served by frequent [[Elizabeth line]] services between [[Shenfield railway station|Shenfield]] and [[London Paddington station|London Paddington]] via [[Liverpool Street station|Liverpool Street]], with two trains per hour continuing to [[Heathrow Terminal 5 station|Heathrow Terminal 5]].

Also within the [[Brentwood (borough)|Borough of Brentwood]] are [[Ingatestone railway station|Ingatestone]] and Shenfield stations, which provide fast services to Liverpool Street and [[East Anglia]]; [[West Horndon railway station|West Horndon]] hosts services between [[Fenchurch Street station|London Fenchurch Street]] and [[Shoeburyness railway station|Shoeburyness]].

The nearest London Underground stations are situated just outside of the Borough of Brentwood, at [[Newbury Park tube station|Newbury Park]] ([[Central line (London Underground)|Central line]]) and [[Upminster station|Upminster]] ([[District line]]).

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Richard Tames. ''Brentwood Past'', London: Historical Publications, 2002. {{ISBN|978-0-94866-781-7}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Brentwood, Essex}}
{{wikivoyage|Brentwood (England)}}
* [https://www.brentwood.co.uk/ Brentwood Guide] - Brentwood Guide
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060926083209/http://www.brentwood-council.gov.uk/pdf/pdf_219.pdf Brentwood Borough Council] - Welcome to Brentwood (PDF)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080723125317/http://www.churchesinbrentwood.org/ Churches in Brentwood] - The Website of Churches Together in Brentwood
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A4298646 BBC's H2G2 Entry on Brentwood]
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Brentwood|volume=4}}

{{Essex}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brentwood (Essex town)| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Essex]]
[[Category:Towns with cathedrals in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Borough of Brentwood]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Essex]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Essex]]