Editing Caspians
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{{Redirect|Caspian people}} |
{{Redirect|Caspian people}} |
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[[File:Ethnic Caucasia-en.png|thumb|332x332px|Ethnic map of the Caucasus in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.]] |
[[File:Ethnic Caucasia-en.png|thumb|332x332px|Ethnic map of the Caucasus in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.]] |
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The '''Caspians''' ({{lang-fa|کاسپیها}}, ''Kaspyn''; {{lang-el|Κάσπιοι}}, ''Káspioi''; [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]: ܟܣܦܝ, ''kspy''; {{lang- |
The '''Caspians''' ({{lang-fa|کاسپیها}}, ''Kaspyn''; {{lang-el|Κάσπιοι}}, ''Káspioi''; [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]]: ܟܣܦܝ, ''kspy''; {{lang-hy|Կասփք}}, ''Kasp’k’'';<ref>Robert H. Hewsen. The Geography of Ananias of Širak: Ašxarhacʻoycʻ, the Long and the Short Recensions. — Reichert, 1992. — P. 254.</ref> {{lang-la|Caspi}}, ''Caspiani'') were a people of [[Classical antiquity|antiquity]] who dwelt along the southwestern shores of the [[Caspian Sea]], in the region known as [[Caspiane]].<ref>"''A Cyro Caspium mare vocari incipit; accolunt Caspii''" (Pliny, ''Natural History'' vi.13); for a Greek [[ethnonym]] of the [[Aegean Sea]], however, see the mythic [[Aegeus]].</ref> ''Caspian'' is the English version of the Greek [[ethnonym]] ''Kaspioi'', mentioned twice by [[Herodotus]] among the [[Achaemenid]] [[satrap]]ies of [[Darius the Great]]<ref>Herodotus, iii.92 (with the [[Pausicae]]) and 93 (with the [[Sacae]]).</ref> and applied by [[Strabo]].<ref>Strabo (11.2.15) gives a lost work of [[Eratosthenes]] as his source.</ref> The name is not attested in [[Old Iranian]].<ref name="Iranica">Rüdiger Schmitt, [http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/caspians-gk Caspians], in ''[[Encyclopedia Iranica]]''. Accessed on 4 April 2010.</ref> |
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The Caspians have generally been regarded as a pre-[[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] people. They have been identified by [[Ernst Herzfeld]] with the [[Kassites]],<ref>Herzfeld, ''The Persian Empire'', (Wiesbaden) 1968:195–99, noted by Rüdiger.</ref> who spoke a language not identified with any other known language group and whose origins have long been the subject of debate. However, [[Onomastics|onomastic]] evidence bearing on this point has been discovered in [[Hebrew and Aramaic papyri|Aramaic papyri]] from [[Egypt]] published by P. Grelot,<ref>Grelot, “Notes d'onomastique sur les textes araméens d'Egypte,” ''Semitica'' '''21''', 1971, esp. pp. 101–17, noted by Rüdiger.</ref> in which several of the Caspian names that are mentioned—and identified under the gentilic כספי ''kaspai''—are, in part, etymologically Iranian. The Caspians of the [[Egyptian papyri]] are therefore generally considered as either an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian people]] or strongly under [[Greater Iran|Iranian cultural influence]].<ref name="Iranica" /> |
The Caspians have generally been regarded as a pre-[[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] people. They have been identified by [[Ernst Herzfeld]] with the [[Kassites]],<ref>Herzfeld, ''The Persian Empire'', (Wiesbaden) 1968:195–99, noted by Rüdiger.</ref> who spoke a language not identified with any other known language group and whose origins have long been the subject of debate. However, [[Onomastics|onomastic]] evidence bearing on this point has been discovered in [[Hebrew and Aramaic papyri|Aramaic papyri]] from [[Egypt]] published by P. Grelot,<ref>Grelot, “Notes d'onomastique sur les textes araméens d'Egypte,” ''Semitica'' '''21''', 1971, esp. pp. 101–17, noted by Rüdiger.</ref> in which several of the Caspian names that are mentioned—and identified under the gentilic כספי ''kaspai''—are, in part, etymologically Iranian. The Caspians of the [[Egyptian papyri]] are therefore generally considered as either an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian people]] or strongly under [[Greater Iran|Iranian cultural influence]].<ref name="Iranica" /> |