Chamical: Difference between revisions

Chamical
Chamical
City
	; View southwest along Avenida Perón in downtown Chamical. The brushy Sierra de los Quinteros range can be seen in distant background
	Seal
	Nicknames: Perla de los Llanos ; ("Pearl of the Plains"), Ciudad del Cohete ("Rocket City")
	Chamical Map of Argentina with Chamical highlighted
	Coordinates: 30°21′S 66°19′W / 30.350°S 66.317°W
Country	Argentina
Province	La Rioja
City status	1955
Government
• Mayor	Dora Rodríguez (Justicialist Party)
Elevation (at City Hall)	471 m (1,545 ft)
Population (2010 census)
• Total	12,919
Time zone	UTC−3 (ART)
Zip code	F5380
Area code	03826
Climate	BSh

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Chamical is a small city in, and the seat of government of, Chamical Department in the south of La Rioja Province of Argentina.^[1] With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the 2010 census [INDEC], up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after Chilecito. It is home to the CELPA aerospace test center, founded in 1961 and operated by the Argentine Air Force. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante wadi, lies on the Ruta 38 (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140 km from La Rioja (2 hours by bus), and some 300 km from Córdoba (4 hours by bus).

This young urban habitation has been an important site in several stages of Argentine history during the past fifty years. Chamical has plentiful wilderness touristic spots, such as "Las Ollitas" (a natural waterfall lake) and "La Salina" (a long salt flat).

Chamical is regarded as the tango hub in La Rioja Province.

Name origin

Chamical got its name from the many specimens of the medicinal herb known in Spanish as chamico (meaning "jimsonweed" in said language) found growing wild in the area.

Geography

Chamical is located in the droughty Llanos Riojanos (Spanish for "Riojan Plains") and has four marked seasons, giving it a BSh hot semi-arid climate under the Köppen climate classification. The dry period of April to October is mild to cool, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in July at 11.7 °C (53.1 °F). The rainy period of November to March is warm to hot, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in January at 26.4 °C (79.5 °F). There has hardly ever been any snow or frost, but there has often been hail.

Total yearly precipitation averages a scanty 448.8 millimetres (18 in) with plentiful sunny days, and the rainfall centers in summer. The wettest month is January, during which time Chamical receives an average of 94.1 millimetres (4 in).

Winters are quite cool, but usually sunny; rather, snowfall is an odd occurrence. The Servicio Meteorológico Nacional reports that July is the coldest month with a mean high of 18.7 °C (65.7 °F) and a mean low of 5.7 °C (42.3 °F). Springtime is mild, windy and usually warm. Summers are hot (as is common with La Rioja Province), somewhat rainy and, most often, the mercury rises to 38 degrees Celsius (≈100 Fahrenheit) or higher in the shade, which means unpleasant. The rain brings some relief from the stifling Riojan heat. January, the warmest month, has an average high of 33.4 °C (92.1 °F) and an average low of 20.1 °C (68.2 °F). Fall is mild and pleasant, but can go chilly.

The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 °C (113.9 °F) on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was −7.7 °C (18.1 °F) on July 31, 1993.^[2]

Climate data for Chamical (1991–2020, extremes 1963–present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	45.2 (113.4)	42.2 (108.0)	40.5 (104.9)	38.2 (100.8)	34.5 (94.1)	29.3 (84.7)	31.5 (88.7)	40.4 (104.7)	41.7 (107.1)	43.0 (109.4)	43.7 (110.7)	45.5 (113.9)	45.5 (113.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	33.8 (92.8)	31.9 (89.4)	29.5 (85.1)	25.6 (78.1)	21.4 (70.5)	18.6 (65.5)	18.7 (65.7)	22.4 (72.3)	25.7 (78.3)	29.3 (84.7)	31.8 (89.2)	33.8 (92.8)	26.9 (80.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)	27.0 (80.6)	25.3 (77.5)	23.2 (73.8)	19.3 (66.7)	15.2 (59.4)	11.8 (53.2)	11.0 (51.8)	14.3 (57.7)	18.1 (64.6)	22.1 (71.8)	24.6 (76.3)	26.6 (79.9)	19.9 (67.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	20.6 (69.1)	19.5 (67.1)	18.0 (64.4)	14.3 (57.7)	10.2 (50.4)	6.5 (43.7)	5.0 (41.0)	7.5 (45.5)	10.9 (51.6)	15.0 (59.0)	17.8 (64.0)	19.6 (67.3)	13.7 (56.7)
Record low °C (°F)	10.3 (50.5)	8.9 (48.0)	4.5 (40.1)	1.0 (33.8)	−4.0 (24.8)	−5.0 (23.0)	−8.3 (17.1)	−7.5 (18.5)	−3.1 (26.4)	−0.5 (31.1)	4.5 (40.1)	6.0 (42.8)	−8.3 (17.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	93.4 (3.68)	88.3 (3.48)	67.2 (2.65)	27.6 (1.09)	10.2 (0.40)	3.4 (0.13)	3.2 (0.13)	2.7 (0.11)	7.8 (0.31)	28.1 (1.11)	45.5 (1.79)	82.7 (3.26)	460.1 (18.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	7.4	6.2	6.3	4.2	2.6	1.6	0.9	0.9	1.9	3.0	5.1	6.8	47.0
Average snowy days	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
Average relative humidity (%)	58.3	62.6	67.3	69.0	70.3	68.2	60.2	49.7	46.5	48.3	50.7	53.5	58.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours	285.2	234.5	217.0	189.0	179.8	171.0	207.7	235.6	240.0	260.4	279.0	294.5	2,793.7
Mean daily sunshine hours	9.2	8.3	7.0	6.3	5.8	5.7	6.7	7.6	8.0	8.4	9.3	9.5	7.6
Percent possible sunshine	62.7	54.2	53.2	57.6	51.4	51.6	66.0	66.0	63.4	62.8	63.2	71.6	59.0
Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (percent sun 1991–2000)^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
Source 2: Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)^[2]^[8]

Neighboring towns

Gallery

Motor vehicles at the east entrance to Chamical on Argentina Route 38
Chamical's former railroad station, now housing the local museum.
The dilapidated albeit picturesque railroad water tower in the background (beyond the derelict truck) is a heritage asset; it was built up by a British company in the late nineteenth century.
Chamical Bus Depot.
A sounding rocket on a mobile launch pad at CELPA launching facility. The picture dates back to 1969.
San Martín memorial at the middle of the namesake garden square in downtown at twilight.
Classic brutalist architecture at this Chamical bank.
Chamical City Hall, located downtown.
Mitre Book Club. Established in 1921.
The University of La Rioja campus at Chamical finds itself on the south side of town. It attracts a number of students from across the country.
Façade of Hospital Luis Agote. This aging building is the main hospital of public assistance in the Llanos Riojanos. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician Luis Agote.
A mini attraction in its own right, the Chamical Tourist Information Center is located just off the Ruta 38 in the immediate surroundings of the local bus depot.

References

^ Ministerio del Interior Archived 2014-06-10 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
^ ^a ^b "Chamical, La Rioja". Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales (in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
^ "Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
^ "Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Chamical Aero". Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
^ "87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
^ "87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

30°22′S 66°19′W / 30.367°S 66.317°W / -30.367; -66.317

[1] Ministerio del Interior Archived 2014-06-10 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)

[ORA-2] "Chamical, La Rioja". Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales (in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2015.

[SMNclimatenormals-3] "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

[SMNestadisticas-4] "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.

[SMN-5] "Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.

[SMNextremes-6] "Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Chamical Aero". Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2023.

[7] "87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.

[8] "87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

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[8]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 |native_name            =
 |nicknames               = Perla de los Llanos <br>(''"Pearl of the Plains"''), Ciudad del Cohete (''"Rocket City"'')
-|settlement_type        = City
+|settlement_type        = [[List of cities in Argentina|City]]
 |motto                  =
 |image_skyline          = ChamicalStreet.jpeg
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 |population_density_km2 =
 |timezone               = [[Time in Argentina|ART]]
-|utc_offset             = -3
+|utc_offset             = &minus;3
 |coordinates            = {{coord|30|21|S|66|19|W|display=inline}}
 |elevation_footnotes    =
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 |footnotes              =
 }}
-'''Chamical''' is a small city in, and the [[seat of government]] of, Chamical Department in the south of [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja Province]] of Argentina.<ref>[http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/ Ministerio del Interior] {{in lang|es}}</ref> With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the {{Census-ar|2010}}, up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after [[Chilecito]]. It is home to the [[CELPA (El Chamical)|CELPA aerospace test center]], founded in 1961 and operated by the [[Argentine Air Force]]. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante [[wadi]], lies on the [[:es:Ruta Nacional 38 (Argentina)|Ruta 38]] (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140&nbsp;km from [[La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]] (2 hours by bus), and some 300&nbsp;km from [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] (4 hours by bus).
+'''Chamical''' is a small city in, and the [[seat of government]] of, Chamical Department in the south of [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja Province]] of Argentina.<ref>[http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/ Ministerio del Interior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610230411/http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/ |date=2014-06-10 }} {{in lang|es}}</ref> With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the {{Census-ar|2010}}, up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after [[Chilecito]]. It is home to the [[CELPA (El Chamical)|CELPA aerospace test center]], founded in 1961 and operated by the [[Argentine Air Force]]. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante [[wadi]], lies on the [[:es:Ruta Nacional 38 (Argentina)|Ruta 38]] (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140&nbsp;km from [[La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]] (2 hours by bus), and some 300&nbsp;km from [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] (4 hours by bus).
 This young urban habitation has been an important site in several stages of Argentine history during the past fifty years.
+Chamical has plentiful wilderness touristic spots, such as "Las Ollitas" (a natural waterfall lake) and
+"La Salina" (a long salt flat).
 Chamical is regarded as the [[tango]] hub in La Rioja Province.
 ==Name origin==
-Chamical got its name from the many specimens of the [[Medicinal plants|medicinal herb]] known in Spanish as ''chamico'' ("[[Datura stramonium|jimsonweed]]") found growing wild in the area.
+Chamical got its name from the many specimens of the [[Medicinal plants|medicinal herb]] known in Spanish as ''chamico'' (meaning "[[Datura stramonium|jimsonweed]]" in said language) found growing wild in the area.
-==Geography and climate==
+==Geography==
 Chamical is located in the droughty ''Llanos Riojanos'' (Spanish for "Riojan Plains") and has four marked seasons, giving it a ''BSh'' [[hot semi-arid climate]] under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The dry period of April to October is mild to cool, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in July at {{convert|11.7|C|F|1}}. The rainy period of November to March is warm to hot, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in January at {{convert|26.4|C|F|1}}. There has hardly ever been any snow or frost, but there has often been hail.
@@ Line 77: / Line 79: @@
 Winters are quite cool, but usually sunny; rather, snowfall is an odd occurrence. The ''Servicio Meteorológico Nacional'' reports that July is the coldest month with a mean high of {{convert|18.7|C|F|1}} and a mean low of {{convert|5.7|C|F|1}}. Springtime is mild, windy and usually warm. Summers are hot (as is common with La Rioja Province), somewhat rainy and, most often, the mercury rises to 38 degrees Celsius (≈100 Fahrenheit) or higher in the shade, which means unpleasant. The rain brings some relief from the stifling Riojan heat. January, the warmest month, has an average high of {{convert|33.4|C|F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|20.1|C|F|1}}. Fall is mild and pleasant, but can go chilly.
-The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|45.5|C|F|1}} on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was {{convert|-7.7|C|F|1}} on July 31, 1993.<ref name = ORA>{{cite web |url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |title = Chamical, La Rioja |work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales |publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario |language = Spanish |accessdate = June 15, 2015}}</ref>
+The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|45.5|C|F|1}} on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was {{convert|-7.7|C|F|1}} on July 31, 1993.<ref name = ORA>{{cite web |url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |title = Chamical, La Rioja |work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales |publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario |language = Spanish |accessdate = June 15, 2015 |archive-date = August 8, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190808144601/http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |url-status = dead }}</ref>
 {{Weather box|location=Chamical (1991–2020, extremes 1963–present)
 |single line = y
@@ Line 83: / Line 85: @@
 |Jan record high C = 45.2
 |Feb record high C = 42.2
-|Mar record high C = 40.2
+|Mar record high C = 40.5
 |Apr record high C = 38.2
 |May record high C = 34.5
@@ Line 90: / Line 92: @@
 |Aug record high C = 40.4
 |Sep record high C = 41.7
-|Oct record high C = 42.0
+|Oct record high C = 43.0
-|Nov record high C = 42.8
+|Nov record high C = 43.7
 |Dec record high C = 45.5
 |year record high C = 45.5
@@ Line 244: / Line 246: @@
 | publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
 | language = Spanish
-| accessdate = 11 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=SMNestadisticas>{{cite web
+| accessdate = 11 April 2023
+| archive-date = 3 March 2023
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230303032103/https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip
+| url-status = live
+}}</ref><ref name=SMNestadisticas>{{cite web
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230708235600/http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/20.500.12160/2506/estad%C3%ADsticas_climatol%C3%B3gicas_normales_1991-2020.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
 | archive-date = 8 July 2023
@@ Line 265: / Line 271: @@
 | publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
 | language = es
-| accessdate = 11 April 2023}}</ref>
+| accessdate = 11 April 2023
+| archive-date = 4 September 2017
-|source 2 = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)<ref name=ORA />
+| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904022616/https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo
+| url-status = live
+}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30|title= 87320:   Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 7 November 2023|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= 8 November 2023|quote= |archive-date= 8 November 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231108125417/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30|url-status= live}}</ref>
+|source 2 = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)<ref name=ORA /><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=20&min=0&ndays=30|title= 87320:   Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 7 November 2023|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= 10 December 2023|quote= |archive-date= 10 December 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231210210304/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=20&min=0&ndays=30|url-status= live}}</ref>
 |date=2014}}
@@ Line 280: / Line 290: @@
 }}
+==Gallery==
-==Landmark snapshots==
 <gallery class="center"  widths="194px" heights="194px">
 ChamicalRoad.jpeg|Motor vehicles at the east entrance to Chamical on Argentina Route 38
@@ Line 290: / Line 300: @@
 NiceBankInRocketCity.jpg|Classic [[brutalist architecture]] at this Chamical bank.
 ChamicalCH.jpeg|Chamical City Hall, located downtown.
+Biblioteca Popular Mitre.jpg|Mitre Book Club. Established in 1921.
 ChamicalCollege.jpeg|The [[National University of La Rioja|University of La Rioja]] campus at Chamical finds itself on the south side of town. It attracts a number of students from across the country.
-HospitalAgote.jpeg|Façade of ''Hospital Luis Agote''. This is the main hospital of public assistance in the ''Llanos Riojanos''. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician [[Luis Agote]].
+HospitalAgote.jpeg|Façade of ''Hospital Luis Agote''. This aging building is the main hospital of public assistance in the ''Llanos Riojanos''. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician [[Luis Agote]].
 VisitorCenter@RocketCity.jpg|A mini attraction in its own right, the Chamical [[Visitor center|Tourist Information Center]] is located just off the Ruta 38 in the immediate surroundings of the local bus depot.
 </gallery>