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Coordinates: 30°22′S 66°19′W / 30.367°S 66.317°W / -30.367; -66.317
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|native_name =
|native_name =
|nicknames = Perla de los Llanos <br>(''"Pearl of the Plains"''), Ciudad del Cohete (''"Rocket City"'')
|nicknames = Perla de los Llanos <br>(''"Pearl of the Plains"''), Ciudad del Cohete (''"Rocket City"'')
|settlement_type = City
|settlement_type = [[List of cities in Argentina|City]]
|motto =
|motto =
|image_skyline = ChamicalStreet.jpeg
|image_skyline = ChamicalStreet.jpeg
|imagesize =
|imagesize =
|image_caption = <br>View southwest along Avenida Perón in downtown Chamical. The brushy Sierra de los Quinteros range can be seen in distant background
|image_caption = <br>View southwest along Avenida Perón in downtown Chamical. The brushy Sierra de los Quinteros range can be seen in distant background
|image_flag = Bandera_Chamical_La_Rioja_Arg_ar-f-cm.png
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|flag_size =
|image_seal = ChamicalCOA.jpeg
|image_seal = ChamicalCOA.jpeg
Line 32: Line 32:
|leader_party = [[Justicialist Party]]
|leader_party = [[Justicialist Party]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Daniel G. Elías
|leader_name = Dora Rodríguez

|established_title = City status
|established_title = City status
|established_date = 1955
|established_date = 1955
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|population_density_km2 =
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = [[Time in Argentina|ART]]
|timezone = [[Time in Argentina|ART]]
|utc_offset = -3
|utc_offset = &minus;3
|coordinates = {{coord|30|21|S|66|19|W|display=inline}}
|coordinates = {{coord|30|21|S|66|19|W|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_footnotes =
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|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Chamical''' is a small city in, and the [[seat of government]] of, Chamical Department in the south of [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja Province]], Argentina.<ref>[http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/ Ministerio del Interior] {{es icon}}</ref> With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the {{Census-ar|2010}}, up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after [[Chilecito]]. It is home to the [[CELPA (El Chamical)|CELPA aerospace test center]], founded in 1961 and operated by the [[Argentine Air Force]]. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante [[wadi]], lies on the [[:es:Ruta Nacional 38 (Argentina)|Ruta 38]] (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140&nbsp;km from [[La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]] (2 hours by bus), and some 300&nbsp;km from [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] (4 hours by bus).
'''Chamical''' is a small city in, and the [[seat of government]] of, Chamical Department in the south of [[La Rioja Province (Argentina)|La Rioja Province]] of Argentina.<ref>[http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/ Ministerio del Interior] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140610230411/http://www.mininterior.gov.ar/ |date=2014-06-10 }} {{in lang|es}}</ref> With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the {{Census-ar|2010}}, up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after [[Chilecito]]. It is home to the [[CELPA (El Chamical)|CELPA aerospace test center]], founded in 1961 and operated by the [[Argentine Air Force]]. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante [[wadi]], lies on the [[:es:Ruta Nacional 38 (Argentina)|Ruta 38]] (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140&nbsp;km from [[La Rioja, Argentina|La Rioja]] (2 hours by bus), and some 300&nbsp;km from [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] (4 hours by bus).


This young urban habitation has been an important site in several stages of Argentine history during the past fifty years.
This young urban habitation has been an important site in several stages of Argentine history during the past fifty years.
Chamical has plentiful wilderness touristic spots, such as "Las Ollitas" (a natural waterfall lake) and
"La Salina" (a long salt flat).


Chamical is regarded as the [[tango]] hub in La Rioja Province.
Chamical is regarded as the [[tango]] hub in La Rioja Province.


==Name origin==
==Name origin==
Chamical got its name from the many specimens of the [[Medicinal plants|medicinal herb]] known as ''chamico'' (Spanish, "[[Datura stramonium|jimsonweed]]") found growing wild in the area.
Chamical got its name from the many specimens of the [[Medicinal plants|medicinal herb]] known in Spanish as ''chamico'' (meaning "[[Datura stramonium|jimsonweed]]" in said language) found growing wild in the area.


==Geography and climate==
==Geography==
Chamical is located in the droughty ''Llanos Riojanos'' (Spanish for "Riojan Plains") and has four marked seasons, giving it a ''BSh'' [[hot semi-arid climate]] under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The dry period of April to October is mild to cool, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in July at {{convert|11.7|C|F|1}}. The rainy period of November to March is warm to hot, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in January at {{convert|26.4|C|F|1}}. There has hardly ever been any snow or frost, but there has often been hail.
Chamical is located in the droughty ''Llanos Riojanos'' (Spanish for "Riojan Plains") and has four marked seasons, giving it a ''BSh'' [[hot semi-arid climate]] under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The dry period of April to October is mild to cool, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in July at {{convert|11.7|C|F|1}}. The rainy period of November to March is warm to hot, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in January at {{convert|26.4|C|F|1}}. There has hardly ever been any snow or frost, but there has often been hail.


Total yearly precipitation averages a scanty {{convert|448.8|mm|in|0}} with plentiful sunny days, and the rainfall centers in summer. The wettest month is January, during which time Chamical receives an average of {{convert|94.1|mm|in|0}}.
Total yearly precipitation averages a scanty {{convert|448.8|mm|in|0}} with plentiful sunny days, and the rainfall centers in summer. The wettest month is January, during which time Chamical receives an average of {{convert|94.1|mm|in|0}}.


Winters are quite cool, but usually sunny; rather, snowfall is an odd occurrence. The ''Servicio Meteorológico Nacional'' reports that July is the coldest month with a mean high of {{convert|18.7|C|F|1}} and a mean low of {{convert|5.7|C|F|1}}. Springtime is mild, windy and wontedly warm. Summers are hot (as is common with La Rioja Province), somewhat rainy and, most often, the mercury rises to 38 degrees Celsius (≈100 Fahrenheit) or higher in the shade, which means unpleasant. The rain brings some relief from the stifling Riojan heat. January, the warmest month, has an average high of {{convert|33.4|C|F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|20.1|C|F|1}}. Fall is mild and pleasant, but can go chilly.
Winters are quite cool, but usually sunny; rather, snowfall is an odd occurrence. The ''Servicio Meteorológico Nacional'' reports that July is the coldest month with a mean high of {{convert|18.7|C|F|1}} and a mean low of {{convert|5.7|C|F|1}}. Springtime is mild, windy and usually warm. Summers are hot (as is common with La Rioja Province), somewhat rainy and, most often, the mercury rises to 38 degrees Celsius (≈100 Fahrenheit) or higher in the shade, which means unpleasant. The rain brings some relief from the stifling Riojan heat. January, the warmest month, has an average high of {{convert|33.4|C|F|1}} and an average low of {{convert|20.1|C|F|1}}. Fall is mild and pleasant, but can go chilly.


The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|45.5|C|F|1}} on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was {{convert|-7.7|C|F|1}} on July 31, 1993.<ref name = ORA>{{cite web |url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |title = Chamical, La Rioja |work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales |publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario |language = Spanish |accessdate = June 15, 2015}}</ref>
The highest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|45.5|C|F|1}} on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was {{convert|-7.7|C|F|1}} on July 31, 1993.<ref name = ORA>{{cite web |url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |title = Chamical, La Rioja |work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales |publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario |language = Spanish |accessdate = June 15, 2015 |archive-date = August 8, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190808144601/http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php |url-status = dead }}</ref>
{{Weather box|location=Chamical (1981–2010, extremes 1963–present)
{{Weather box|location=Chamical (1991–2020, extremes 1963–present)
|single line=y
|single line = y
|metric first =y
|metric first = y
|Jan record high C = 45.2
|Jan record high C = 45.2
|Feb record high C = 42.2
|Feb record high C = 42.2
|Mar record high C = 40.2
|Mar record high C = 40.5
|Apr record high C = 38.2
|Apr record high C = 38.2
|May record high C = 34.5
|May record high C = 34.5
Line 89: Line 92:
|Aug record high C = 40.4
|Aug record high C = 40.4
|Sep record high C = 41.7
|Sep record high C = 41.7
|Oct record high C = 41.2
|Oct record high C = 43.0
|Nov record high C = 42.8
|Nov record high C = 43.7
|Dec record high C = 45.5
|Dec record high C = 45.5
|year record high C = 45.5
|year record high C = 45.5
|Jan high C = 33.2
|Jan high C = 33.8
|Feb high C = 31.6
|Feb high C = 31.9
|Mar high C = 29.2
|Mar high C = 29.5
|Apr high C = 25.2
|Apr high C = 25.6
|May high C = 21.4
|May high C = 21.4
|Jun high C = 18.3
|Jun high C = 18.6
|Jul high C = 18.6
|Jul high C = 18.7
|Aug high C = 22.0
|Aug high C = 22.4
|Sep high C = 25.0
|Sep high C = 25.7
|Oct high C = 29.3
|Oct high C = 29.3
|Nov high C = 31.7
|Nov high C = 31.8
|Dec high C = 33.5
|Dec high C = 33.8
|year high C = 26.6
|year high C = 26.9
|Jan mean C = 26.5
|Jan mean C = 27.0
|Feb mean C = 25.1
|Feb mean C = 25.3
|Mar mean C = 23.2
|Mar mean C = 23.2
|Apr mean C = 19.1
|Apr mean C = 19.3
|May mean C = 15.2
|May mean C = 15.2
|Jun mean C = 11.9
|Jun mean C = 11.8
|Jul mean C = 11.3
|Jul mean C = 11.0
|Aug mean C = 14.4
|Aug mean C = 14.3
|Sep mean C = 17.7
|Sep mean C = 18.1
|Oct mean C = 22.2
|Oct mean C = 22.1
|Nov mean C = 24.6
|Nov mean C = 24.6
|Dec mean C = 26.4
|Dec mean C = 26.6
|year mean C = 19.8
|year mean C = 19.9
|Jan low C = 20.3
|Jan low C = 20.6
|Feb low C = 19.3
|Feb low C = 19.5
|Mar low C = 18.1
|Mar low C = 18.0
|Apr low C = 14.1
|Apr low C = 14.3
|May low C = 10.0
|May low C = 10.2
|Jun low C = 6.6
|Jun low C = 6.5
|Jul low C = 5.3
|Jul low C = 5.0
|Aug low C = 7.7
|Aug low C = 7.5
|Sep low C = 10.6
|Sep low C = 10.9
|Oct low C = 15.1
|Oct low C = 15.0
|Nov low C = 17.7
|Nov low C = 17.8
|Dec low C = 19.7
|Dec low C = 19.6
|year low C = 13.7
|year low C = 13.7
|Jan record low C = 10.3
|Jan record low C = 10.3
Line 138: Line 141:
|May record low C = -4.0
|May record low C = -4.0
|Jun record low C = -5.0
|Jun record low C = -5.0
|Jul record low C = -7.7
|Jul record low C = -8.3
|Aug record low C = -7.5
|Aug record low C = -7.5
|Sep record low C = -3.1
|Sep record low C = -3.1
|Oct record low C = 1.0
|Oct record low C = -0.5
|Nov record low C = 4.5
|Nov record low C = 4.5
|Dec record low C = 6.0
|Dec record low C = 6.0
|year record low C = -7.7
|year record low C = -8.3
|precipitation colour = green
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 105.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 93.4
|Feb precipitation mm = 95.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 88.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 68.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 67.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 26.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 27.6
|May precipitation mm = 9.9
|May precipitation mm = 10.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 2.1
|Jun precipitation mm = 3.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 4.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 3.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 1.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 2.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 9.4
|Sep precipitation mm = 7.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 30.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 28.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 42.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 45.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 83.5
|Dec precipitation mm = 82.7
|year precipitation mm = 479.4
|year precipitation mm = 460.1
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.6
|Jan precipitation days = 7.4
|Feb precipitation days = 6.6
|Feb precipitation days = 6.2
|Mar precipitation days = 6.8
|Mar precipitation days = 6.3
|Apr precipitation days = 4.4
|Apr precipitation days = 4.2
|May precipitation days = 2.7
|May precipitation days = 2.6
|Jun precipitation days = 1.5
|Jun precipitation days = 1.6
|Jul precipitation days = 1.4
|Jul precipitation days = 0.9
|Aug precipitation days = 1.0
|Aug precipitation days = 0.9
|Sep precipitation days = 2.2
|Sep precipitation days = 1.9
|Oct precipitation days = 2.9
|Oct precipitation days = 3.0
|Nov precipitation days = 5.4
|Nov precipitation days = 5.1
|Dec precipitation days = 7.2
|Dec precipitation days = 6.8
|year precipitation days = 50.7
|year precipitation days = 47.0
|Jan humidity = 60.0
|Jan snow days = 0.0
|Feb humidity = 63.3
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar humidity = 67.4
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr humidity = 68.6
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May humidity = 68.7
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun humidity = 67.4
|Jun snow days = 0.1
|Jul humidity = 60.0
|Jul snow days = 0.1
|Aug humidity = 50.3
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.0
|year snow days = 0.1
|Jan humidity = 58.3
|Feb humidity = 62.6
|Mar humidity = 67.3
|Apr humidity = 69.0
|May humidity = 70.3
|Jun humidity = 68.2
|Jul humidity = 60.2
|Aug humidity = 49.7
|Sep humidity = 46.5
|Sep humidity = 46.5
|Oct humidity = 47.3
|Oct humidity = 48.3
|Nov humidity = 50.5
|Nov humidity = 50.7
|Dec humidity = 54.8
|Dec humidity = 53.5
|year humidity = 58.7
|year humidity = 58.7
|Jan sun = 285.2
|source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional<ref name = SMNclimatenormals>{{cite web
|Feb sun = 234.5
| url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas.txt
|Mar sun = 217.0
| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1981-2010
|Apr sun = 189.0
|May sun = 179.8
|Jun sun = 171.0
|Jul sun = 207.7
|Aug sun = 235.6
|Sep sun = 240.0
|Oct sun = 260.4
|Nov sun = 279.0
|Dec sun = 294.5
|year sun = 2793.7
|Jand sun = 9.2
|Febd sun = 8.3
|Mard sun = 7.0
|Aprd sun = 6.3
|Mayd sun = 5.8
|Jund sun = 5.7
|Juld sun = 6.7
|Augd sun = 7.6
|Sepd sun = 8.0
|Octd sun = 8.4
|Novd sun = 9.3
|Decd sun = 9.5
|yeard sun = 7.6
|Jan percentsun = 62.7
|Feb percentsun = 54.2
|Mar percentsun = 53.2
|Apr percentsun = 57.6
|May percentsun = 51.4
|Jun percentsun = 51.6
|Jul percentsun = 66.0
|Aug percentsun = 66.0
|Sep percentsun = 63.4
|Oct percentsun = 62.8
|Nov percentsun = 63.2
|Dec percentsun = 71.6
|year percentsun = 59.0
|source 1 = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)|Servicio Meteorológico Nacional]] (percent sun 1991–2000)<ref name = SMNclimatenormals>{{cite web
| url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip
| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = Spanish
| language = Spanish
| accessdate = January 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name=SMNextremes>{{cite web
| accessdate = 11 April 2023
| archive-date = 3 March 2023
|url = https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230303032103/https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip
|title = Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Chamical Aero
| url-status = live
|work = Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo
}}</ref><ref name=SMNestadisticas>{{cite web
|publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230708235600/http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/20.500.12160/2506/estad%C3%ADsticas_climatol%C3%B3gicas_normales_1991-2020.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
|language = Spanish
| archive-date = 8 July 2023
|accessdate = 4 October 2017
| url = http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/handle/20.500.12160/2506
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904022616/https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo#
| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020
|archive-date = 2017-09-04
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
|url-status = dead
| language = es
}}</ref>
| access-date = 4 August 2023
|source 2 = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)<ref name=ORA />
| year = 2023}}</ref><ref name = SMN>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230509192820/http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/78367/Archivo_de_datos_climatol%C3%B3gicos.zip?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
| archive-date = 9 May 2023
| url = http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/78367
| title = Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = es
| access-date = 23 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=SMNextremes>{{cite web
| url = https://www.smn.gob.ar/estadisticas
| title = Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Chamical Aero
| work = Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = es
| accessdate = 11 April 2023
| archive-date = 4 September 2017
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170904022616/https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo
| url-status = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30|title= 87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 7 November 2023|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= 8 November 2023|quote= |archive-date= 8 November 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231108125417/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30|url-status= live}}</ref>
|source 2 = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)<ref name=ORA /><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=20&min=0&ndays=30|title= 87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)|author= <!--Not stated-->|date= 7 November 2023|website= ogimet.com|publisher= OGIMET|access-date= 10 December 2023|quote= |archive-date= 10 December 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231210210304/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87320&ano=2023&mes=11&day=8&hora=20&min=0&ndays=30|url-status= live}}</ref>
|date=2014}}
|date=2014}}


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}}
}}


==Gallery==
==Landmark snapshots==
<gallery class="center" widths="194px" heights="194px">
<gallery class="center" widths="194px" heights="194px">
ChamicalRoad.jpeg|Motor vehicles at the east entrance to Chamical on Argentina Route 38
ChamicalRoad.jpeg|Motor vehicles at the east entrance to Chamical on Argentina Route 38
ChamicalTrainStation.jpeg|Chamical's former railroad station, now housing the local museum.
ChamicalTrainStation.jpeg|Chamical's former railroad station, now housing the local museum.
TrainWaterTower.jpeg|The dilapidated albeit picturesque railroad water tower in the background (behind the derelict truck) is a [[heritage asset]]; it was built up by a British company in the late nineteenth century.
TrainWaterTower.jpeg|The dilapidated albeit picturesque railroad water tower in the background (beyond the derelict truck) is a [[heritage asset]]; it was built up by a British company in the late nineteenth century.
ChamicalBusStation.jpeg|Chamical Bus Depot. Wanderer, on passing through, don't miss the cozy buffet that runs here [[24/7 service|24/7]].
ChamicalBusStation.jpeg|Chamical Bus Depot.
Cohete Castor CRX-01 en CELPA Chamical.jpg|A [[sounding rocket]] on a mobile launch pad at [[CELPA (El Chamical)|CELPA]] launching facility. The picture dates back to 1969.
Cohete Castor CRX-01 en CELPA Chamical.jpg|A [[sounding rocket]] on a mobile launch pad at [[CELPA (El Chamical)|CELPA]] launching facility. The picture dates back to 1969.
SanMartinMemorial.jpeg|[[José de San Martín|San Martín]] memorial at the middle of the namesake garden square in downtown at twilight.
SanMartinMemorial.jpeg|[[José de San Martín|San Martín]] memorial at the middle of the namesake garden square in downtown at twilight.
NiceBankInRocketCity.jpg|Classic [[brutalist architecture]] at this Chamical bank.
NiceBankInRocketCity.jpg|Classic [[brutalist architecture]] at this Chamical bank.
ChamicalCH.jpeg|Chamical City Hall, located dowtown.
ChamicalCH.jpeg|Chamical City Hall, located downtown.
Biblioteca Popular Mitre.jpg|Mitre Book Club. Established in 1921.
ChamicalCollege.jpeg|The [[National University of La Rioja|University of La Rioja]] campus at Chamical finds itself on the south side of town. It attracts a number of students from across the country.
ChamicalCollege.jpeg|The [[National University of La Rioja|University of La Rioja]] campus at Chamical finds itself on the south side of town. It attracts a number of students from across the country.
HospitalAgote.jpeg|Façade of ''Hospital Luis Agote''. This is the main hospital of public assistance in the ''Llanos Riojanos''. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician [[Luis Agote]].
HospitalAgote.jpeg|Façade of ''Hospital Luis Agote''. This aging building is the main hospital of public assistance in the ''Llanos Riojanos''. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician [[Luis Agote]].
VisitorCenter@RocketCity.jpg|A mini attraction in its own right, the Chamical [[Visitor center|Tourist Information Center]] is located just off the Ruta 38 in the immediate surroundings of the local bus depot.
VisitorCenter@RocketCity.jpg|A mini attraction in its own right, the Chamical [[Visitor center|Tourist Information Center]] is located just off the Ruta 38 in the immediate surroundings of the local bus depot.
</gallery>
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 14:26, 15 August 2024

Chamical
City
View southwest along Avenida Perón in downtown Chamical. The brushy Sierra de los Quinteros range can be seen in distant background

View southwest along Avenida Perón in downtown Chamical. The brushy Sierra de los Quinteros range can be seen in distant background
Official seal of Chamical
Seal
Nicknames: 
Perla de los Llanos
("Pearl of the Plains"), Ciudad del Cohete ("Rocket City")
Chamical is located in Argentina
Chamical
Chamical
Map of Argentina with Chamical highlighted
Coordinates: 30°21′S 66°19′W / 30.350°S 66.317°W / -30.350; -66.317
Country Argentina
ProvinceLa Rioja
City status1955
Government
 • MayorDora Rodríguez (Justicialist Party)
Elevation
(at City Hall)
471 m (1,545 ft)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Total12,919
Time zoneUTC−3 (ART)
Zip code
F5380
Area code03826
ClimateBSh

Chamical is a small city in, and the seat of government of, Chamical Department in the south of La Rioja Province of Argentina.[1] With a population of 12,919 permanent residents at the 2010 census [INDEC], up from 11,831 at the time of the 2001 census, it is the third-most populous settlement in La Rioja Province after Chilecito. It is home to the CELPA aerospace test center, founded in 1961 and operated by the Argentine Air Force. The town, which is crossed by the Tirante wadi, lies on the Ruta 38 (Spanish Wikipedia), around 140 km from La Rioja (2 hours by bus), and some 300 km from Córdoba (4 hours by bus).

This young urban habitation has been an important site in several stages of Argentine history during the past fifty years. Chamical has plentiful wilderness touristic spots, such as "Las Ollitas" (a natural waterfall lake) and "La Salina" (a long salt flat).

Chamical is regarded as the tango hub in La Rioja Province.

Name origin

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Chamical got its name from the many specimens of the medicinal herb known in Spanish as chamico (meaning "jimsonweed" in said language) found growing wild in the area.

Geography

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Chamical is located in the droughty Llanos Riojanos (Spanish for "Riojan Plains") and has four marked seasons, giving it a BSh hot semi-arid climate under the Köppen climate classification. The dry period of April to October is mild to cool, with the normal monthly mean temperature reaching its lowest in July at 11.7 °C (53.1 °F). The rainy period of November to March is warm to hot, with the normal monthly mean temperature peaking in January at 26.4 °C (79.5 °F). There has hardly ever been any snow or frost, but there has often been hail.

Total yearly precipitation averages a scanty 448.8 millimetres (18 in) with plentiful sunny days, and the rainfall centers in summer. The wettest month is January, during which time Chamical receives an average of 94.1 millimetres (4 in).

Winters are quite cool, but usually sunny; rather, snowfall is an odd occurrence. The Servicio Meteorológico Nacional reports that July is the coldest month with a mean high of 18.7 °C (65.7 °F) and a mean low of 5.7 °C (42.3 °F). Springtime is mild, windy and usually warm. Summers are hot (as is common with La Rioja Province), somewhat rainy and, most often, the mercury rises to 38 degrees Celsius (≈100 Fahrenheit) or higher in the shade, which means unpleasant. The rain brings some relief from the stifling Riojan heat. January, the warmest month, has an average high of 33.4 °C (92.1 °F) and an average low of 20.1 °C (68.2 °F). Fall is mild and pleasant, but can go chilly.

The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.5 °C (113.9 °F) on December 25, 2013 while the lowest temperature on record was −7.7 °C (18.1 °F) on July 31, 1993.[2]

Climate data for Chamical (1991–2020, extremes 1963–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 45.2
(113.4) 		42.2
(108.0) 		40.5
(104.9) 		38.2
(100.8) 		34.5
(94.1) 		29.3
(84.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		40.4
(104.7) 		41.7
(107.1) 		43.0
(109.4) 		43.7
(110.7) 		45.5
(113.9) 		45.5
(113.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 33.8
(92.8) 		31.9
(89.4) 		29.5
(85.1) 		25.6
(78.1) 		21.4
(70.5) 		18.6
(65.5) 		18.7
(65.7) 		22.4
(72.3) 		25.7
(78.3) 		29.3
(84.7) 		31.8
(89.2) 		33.8
(92.8) 		26.9
(80.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.0
(80.6) 		25.3
(77.5) 		23.2
(73.8) 		19.3
(66.7) 		15.2
(59.4) 		11.8
(53.2) 		11.0
(51.8) 		14.3
(57.7) 		18.1
(64.6) 		22.1
(71.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		26.6
(79.9) 		19.9
(67.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20.6
(69.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		18.0
(64.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		10.2
(50.4) 		6.5
(43.7) 		5.0
(41.0) 		7.5
(45.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.8
(64.0) 		19.6
(67.3) 		13.7
(56.7)
Record low °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5) 		8.9
(48.0) 		4.5
(40.1) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		−5.0
(23.0) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		−8.3
(17.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 93.4
(3.68) 		88.3
(3.48) 		67.2
(2.65) 		27.6
(1.09) 		10.2
(0.40) 		3.4
(0.13) 		3.2
(0.13) 		2.7
(0.11) 		7.8
(0.31) 		28.1
(1.11) 		45.5
(1.79) 		82.7
(3.26) 		460.1
(18.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 7.4 6.2 6.3 4.2 2.6 1.6 0.9 0.9 1.9 3.0 5.1 6.8 47.0
Average snowy days 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Average relative humidity (%) 58.3 62.6 67.3 69.0 70.3 68.2 60.2 49.7 46.5 48.3 50.7 53.5 58.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 285.2 234.5 217.0 189.0 179.8 171.0 207.7 235.6 240.0 260.4 279.0 294.5 2,793.7
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.2 8.3 7.0 6.3 5.8 5.7 6.7 7.6 8.0 8.4 9.3 9.5 7.6
Percent possible sunshine 62.7 54.2 53.2 57.6 51.4 51.6 66.0 66.0 63.4 62.8 63.2 71.6 59.0
Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (percent sun 1991–2000)[3][4][5][6][7]
Source 2: Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario (record highs and lows)[2][8]

Neighboring towns

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[edit]
  • Motor vehicles at the east entrance to Chamical on Argentina Route 38
    Motor vehicles at the east entrance to Chamical on Argentina Route 38
  • Chamical's former railroad station, now housing the local museum.
    Chamical's former railroad station, now housing the local museum.
  • The dilapidated albeit picturesque railroad water tower in the background (beyond the derelict truck) is a heritage asset; it was built up by a British company in the late nineteenth century.
    The dilapidated albeit picturesque railroad water tower in the background (beyond the derelict truck) is a heritage asset; it was built up by a British company in the late nineteenth century.
  • Chamical Bus Depot.
    Chamical Bus Depot.
  • A sounding rocket on a mobile launch pad at CELPA launching facility. The picture dates back to 1969.
    A sounding rocket on a mobile launch pad at CELPA launching facility. The picture dates back to 1969.
  • San Martín memorial at the middle of the namesake garden square in downtown at twilight.
    San Martín memorial at the middle of the namesake garden square in downtown at twilight.
  • Classic brutalist architecture at this Chamical bank.
    Classic brutalist architecture at this Chamical bank.
  • Chamical City Hall, located downtown.
    Chamical City Hall, located downtown.
  • Mitre Book Club. Established in 1921.
    Mitre Book Club. Established in 1921.
  • The University of La Rioja campus at Chamical finds itself on the south side of town. It attracts a number of students from across the country.
    The University of La Rioja campus at Chamical finds itself on the south side of town. It attracts a number of students from across the country.
  • Façade of Hospital Luis Agote. This aging building is the main hospital of public assistance in the Llanos Riojanos. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician Luis Agote.
    Façade of Hospital Luis Agote. This aging building is the main hospital of public assistance in the Llanos Riojanos. Its name commemorates Argentina's name physician Luis Agote.
  • A mini attraction in its own right, the Chamical Tourist Information Center is located just off the Ruta 38 in the immediate surroundings of the local bus depot.
    A mini attraction in its own right, the Chamical Tourist Information Center is located just off the Ruta 38 in the immediate surroundings of the local bus depot.

References

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  1. ^ Ministerio del Interior Archived 2014-06-10 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  2. ^ a b "Chamical, La Rioja". Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales (in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario. Archived from the original on August 8, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  3. ^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 3 March 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  5. ^ "Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  6. ^ "Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Chamical Aero". Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  7. ^ "87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
  8. ^ "87320: Chamical Aerodrome (Argentina)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

30°22′S 66°19′W / 30.367°S 66.317°W / -30.367; -66.317

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