Editing D-Amino acid
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Their discovery was in the 1950s. "Auclair and Patton (1950) first reported their presence in the blood of insects and mollusks".<ref name="Zhang 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=ZiLian |last2=Zheng |first2=Qiang |last3=Jiao |first3=NianZhi |title=Microbial D-amino acids and marine carbon storage |journal=Science China Earth Sciences |date=2016-01-01 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=17–24 |doi=10.1007/s11430-015-5155-x |bibcode=2016ScChD..59...17Z |s2cid=87038507 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11430-015-5155-x |language=en |issn=1869-1897}}</ref> They also have been identified in various mammalian tissues. The two major types of ᴅ-amino acids synthesized in and by mammals are ᴅ-aspartic acid (ᴅ-Asp) and ᴅ-serine (ᴅ-Ser). "ᴅ-Asp is present in vertebrates and invertebrates and is involved in the development of both the nervous and endocrine systems".<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> An immense amount of ᴅ-Ser can also be detected in the brain, wherein it composes a significant regulatory role in the development of the "central nervous system and is closely associated with learning, memory, and mammalian behavior." A great amount of ᴅ-Ser, has also been "detected in human urine; it plays a regulatory role in pathogenic gene expression in the urinary system."<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> Furthermore, they have also been noticed in certain tissues of some marine invertebrates, and "might be involved in regulating osmotic pressure."<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> It is still unclear however, on as to whether they are absorbed from seawater, or are made by the organisms themselves. They have also been identified in plants.<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> A number of ᴅ-Amino acids also constrain the growth of plants, "while some plants can absorb and metabolize or assimilate ᴅ-amino acids"<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> |
Their discovery was in the 1950s. "Auclair and Patton (1950) first reported their presence in the blood of insects and mollusks".<ref name="Zhang 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=ZiLian |last2=Zheng |first2=Qiang |last3=Jiao |first3=NianZhi |title=Microbial D-amino acids and marine carbon storage |journal=Science China Earth Sciences |date=2016-01-01 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=17–24 |doi=10.1007/s11430-015-5155-x |bibcode=2016ScChD..59...17Z |s2cid=87038507 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11430-015-5155-x |language=en |issn=1869-1897}}</ref> They also have been identified in various mammalian tissues. The two major types of ᴅ-amino acids synthesized in and by mammals are ᴅ-aspartic acid (ᴅ-Asp) and ᴅ-serine (ᴅ-Ser). "ᴅ-Asp is present in vertebrates and invertebrates and is involved in the development of both the nervous and endocrine systems".<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> An immense amount of ᴅ-Ser can also be detected in the brain, wherein it composes a significant regulatory role in the development of the "central nervous system and is closely associated with learning, memory, and mammalian behavior." A great amount of ᴅ-Ser, has also been "detected in human urine; it plays a regulatory role in pathogenic gene expression in the urinary system."<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> Furthermore, they have also been noticed in certain tissues of some marine invertebrates, and "might be involved in regulating osmotic pressure."<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> It is still unclear however, on as to whether they are absorbed from seawater, or are made by the organisms themselves. They have also been identified in plants.<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> A number of ᴅ-Amino acids also constrain the growth of plants, "while some plants can absorb and metabolize or assimilate ᴅ-amino acids"<ref name="Zhang 2016"/> |
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<ref name="Zhang 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=ZiLian |last2=Zheng |first2=Qiang |last3=Jiao |first3=NianZhi |title=Microbial D-amino acids and marine carbon storage |journal=Science China Earth Sciences |date=2016-01-01 |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=17–24 |doi=10.1007/s11430-015-5155-x |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11430-015-5155-x |language=en |issn=1869-1897}}</ref> |
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==Structure and general properties== |
==Structure and general properties== |