Dwarf tinamou: Difference between revisions

Dwarf tinamou
	In upright "alert" posture
Conservation status
	; Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Palaeognathae
Order:	Tinamiformes
Family:	Tinamidae
Genus:	Taoniscus; Gloger, 1842
Species:	T. nanus
Binomial name
	Taoniscus nanus; (Temminck, 1815)

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 10:03, 20 June 2024

The dwarf tinamou (Taoniscus nanus), also known as the least tinamou, is a small, superficially partridge-like bird with short tail and wings, found only in Brazil. This tinamou is the only member of the genus Taoniscus and it is considered an endangered species.^[1]

Taxonomy and systematics

All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.^[3] The dwarf tinamou is the only member of the genus Taoniscus and is a monotypic species.^[4]

A phylogenetic study published in 2022 found that the dwarf tinamou was embedded within the genus Nothura.^[5]

Description

It is approximately 16 cm (6.3 in) long. It is greyish-brown with a pale throat, boldly patterned neck and upper parts, and it has brown-barred buff underparts and a blackish crown. Some individuals are significantly darker and greyer than others, but it remains unclear if these plumage variations are morphs or differences between the sexes. The iris and legs are dull yellowish. It resembles a small dumpy nothura, but is more easily confused with the ocellated crake.

Vocalizations

Its voice consists of high-pitched cricket-like trills followed by peet notes.

Distribution and habitat

The dwarf tinamou is found in the arid scrub grasslands, around 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in elevation, restricted to the Cerrado region of interior southeastern Brazil^[4] in Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo and formerly Paraná. Specimens were also known from Paraguay (Misiones) and Argentina (the Río Bermejo in either Chaco or Formosa), but all recent records are from Brazil.^[1] It is, however, highly inconspicuous and easily overlooked.

Behaviour and ecology

Feeding

The diet of the dwarf tinamou consists mainly of grass seeds, termites or other insects and arthropods.

Threats

The dwarf tinamou is currently threatened by the ongoing habitat loss caused by mechanised agriculture, intensive cattle-ranching, afforestation, invasive grasses, excessive use of pesticides and annual burning. It is also hunted by people for food in some areas. Farming and ranching are its largest threats.^[6] The dwarf tinamou is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.^[1] It has an occurrence range of 57,700 km² (22,300 sq mi), and the last population estimate, done in 2000, showed between 5,800 and 6,960 adults.^[6]

Status

The dwarf tinamou is currently being conserved in three protected areas: Serra da Canastra National Park, Itapetininga Experimental Station and the IBGE Roncador Biological Reserve. Several areas adjacent to the Río Bermejo, Argentina, have been surveyed with the aid of tape-playback, but the species has not been found. It was also proposed to survey Serra do Cipó National Park, Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and Emas National Park specifically for this species with the aid of tape-playback. And conduct further surveys in Argentina and Paraguay in the areas where the specimen was collected. It was also proposed to determine best management practices for existing protected areas and control the burning of cerrado habitats.

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d BirdLife International (2019). "Taoniscus nanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22678286A142255701. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678286A142255701.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ "ITIS Report: Taoniscus nanus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)
^ ^a ^b Clements, J. (2007)
^ Almeida, F.C.; Porzecanski, A.L.; Cracraft, J.L.; Bertelli, S. (2022). "The evolution of tinamous (Palaeognathae: Tinamidae) in light of molecular and combined analyses". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 195 (1): 106–124. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab080.
^ ^a ^b BirdLife International (2008)

References

BirdLife International (2008). "Dwarf Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet". Data Zone. Retrieved 12 Feb 2009.
Clements, James (2007). The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World (6th ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4501-9.
Davies, S.J.J.F. (2003). "Tinamous". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2nd ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 57–59. ISBN 0-7876-5784-0.

External links

BirdLife Species Factsheet

[iucn_status_11_November_2021-1] BirdLife International (2019). "Taoniscus nanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T22678286A142255701. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678286A142255701.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[ITIS-2] "ITIS Report: Taoniscus nanus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 September 2017.

[Davies-3] Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)

[Clements-4] Clements, J. (2007)

[5] Almeida, F.C.; Porzecanski, A.L.; Cracraft, J.L.; Bertelli, S. (2022). "The evolution of tinamous (Palaeognathae: Tinamidae) in light of molecular and combined analyses". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 195 (1): 106–124. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab080.

[BLI-6] BirdLife International (2008)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Species of bird}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Speciesbox
-| name = Dwarf tinamou
-| status = VU
-| status_system = IUCN3.1
-| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{IUCN|id=22678286 |title=''Taoniscus nanus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2013 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
 | image = Taoniscus.jpg
-| image_width =
 | image_caption = In upright "alert" posture
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| status = EN
+| status_system = IUCN3.1
-| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
+| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2019 |title=''Taoniscus nanus'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T22678286A142255701 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22678286A142255701.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
-| classis = [[Bird|Aves]]
+| parent_authority = [[Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger|Gloger]], 1842
-| ordo = [[Tinamiformes]]
+| taxon = Taoniscus nanus
-| familia = [[Tinamidae]]
+| authority = ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1815)<ref name="ITIS"/>
-| subfamilia = [[Nothurinae]]
-| genus = '''''Taoniscus'''''
+| range_map = Taoniscus nanus map.svg
-| genus_authority = [[Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger|Gloger]], 1842
-| species = '''''T. nanus'''''
-| binomial = ''Taoniscus nanus''
-| binomial_authority = ([[Coenraad Jacob Temminck|Temminck]], 1815)<ref name="Brand">Brand, S. (2008)</ref>
 }}
-The '''dwarf tinamou''' (''Taoniscus nanus'') also known as the '''least tinamou''', is a small, superficially [[partridge]]-like bird with short [[tail]] and [[wing]]s.
+The '''dwarf tinamou''' ('''''Taoniscus nanus'''''), also known as the '''least tinamou''', is a small, superficially [[partridge]]-like bird with short tail and wings, found only in [[Brazil]]. This [[tinamou]] is the only member of the genus '''''Taoniscus''''' and it is considered an [[endangered species]].<ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021"/>
+== Taxonomy and systematics ==
+All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also [[ratite]]s. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.<ref name="Davies">Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)</ref> The dwarf tinamou is the [[Monotypic taxon|only member]] of the genus ''Taoniscus'' and is a monotypic species.<ref name="Clements" />
+A phylogenetic study published in 2022 found that the dwarf tinamou was embedded within the genus ''[[Nothura]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Almeida | first1=F.C. | last2=Porzecanski | first2=A.L. | last3=Cracraft | first3=J.L. | last4=Bertelli | first4=S. | date=2022 | title=The evolution of tinamous (Palaeognathae: Tinamidae) in light of molecular and combined analyses | journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume=195 | issue=1 | pages=106–124 | doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab080}}</ref>
 == Description ==
 It is approximately {{convert|16|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. It is greyish-brown with a pale throat, boldly patterned neck and upper parts, and it has brown-barred buff underparts and a blackish crown. Some individuals are significantly darker and greyer than others, but it remains unclear if these [[plumage]] variations are [[Morph (zoology)|morphs]] or differences between the sexes. The [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] and legs are dull yellowish. It resembles a small dumpy [[nothura]], but is more easily confused with the [[ocellated crake]].
-== Behavior ==
+=== Vocalizations ===
 Its [[bird song|voice]] consists of high-pitched cricket-like trills followed by ''peet'' notes.
+== Distribution and habitat ==
-== Taxonomy ==
+The dwarf tinamou is found in the arid [[scrubland|scrub]] [[grassland]]s, around {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in [[elevation]], restricted to the [[Cerrado]] region of interior southeastern [[Brazil]]<ref name="Clements">Clements, J. (2007)</ref> in [[Federal District (Brazil)|Distrito Federal]], [[Goiás]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] and formerly [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]]. Specimens ''were'' also known from [[Paraguay]] ([[Misiones Department|Misiones]]) and [[Argentina]] (the [[Río Bermejo]] in either [[Chaco Province|Chaco]] or [[Formosa Province|Formosa]]), but all recent records are from Brazil.<ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021" /> It is, however, highly inconspicuous and easily overlooked.
-All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also [[ratite]]s. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.<ref name="Davies">Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)</ref> The dwarf tinamou is the [[Monotypic taxon|only member]] of the genus ''Taoniscus'' and is a monotypic species.<ref name="Clements" />
-== Range and habitat ==
+==Behaviour and ecology==
+=== Feeding ===
-The dwarf tinamou is found in the arid [[scrubland|scrub]] [[grassland]]s, around {{convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}} in [[elevation]], restricted to the [[Cerrado]] region of interior southeastern [[Brazil]]<ref name="Clements">Clements, J. (2007)</ref> in [[Brazilian Federal District|Distrito Federal]], [[Goiás]], [[Minas Gerais]], [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] and formerly [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]]. Specimens ''were'' also known from [[Paraguay]] ([[Misiones Department|Misiones]]) and [[Argentina]] (the [[Río Bermejo]] in either [[Chaco Province|Chaco]] or [[Formosa Province|Formosa]]), but all recent records are from Brazil.<ref name=IUCN/> It is, however, highly inconspicuous and easily overlooked.
+The diet of the dwarf tinamou consists mainly of [[grass seed]]s, [[termite]]s or other [[insect]]s and [[arthropod]]s.
-== Diet ==
+=== Threats ===
+The dwarf tinamou is currently threatened by the ongoing [[habitat loss]] caused by [[mechanised agriculture]], intensive [[ranch|cattle-ranching]], [[afforestation]], [[invasive plant|invasive]] grasses, excessive use of [[pesticide]]s and annual burning. It is also [[Hunting|hunt]]ed by people for food in some areas. Farming and ranching are its largest threats.<ref name="BLI" /> The dwarf tinamou is evaluated as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021" /> It has an occurrence range of {{convert|57700|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and the last population estimate, done in 2000, showed between 5,800 and 6,960 adults.<ref name="BLI">BirdLife International (2008)</ref>
-The diet of the dwarf tinamou consists mainly of [[grass]] [[seed]]s, [[termite]]s, [[insect]]s and [[arthropod]]s.
-== Threats ==
+== Status ==
+The dwarf tinamou is currently being conserved in three protected areas: [[Serra da Canastra National Park]], [[Itapetininga Experimental Station]] and the [[IBGE Roncador Biological Reserve]]. Several areas adjacent to the [[Río Bermejo]], [[Argentina]], have been surveyed with the aid of tape-playback, but the species has not been found. It was also proposed to survey [[Serra do Cipó National Park]], [[Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park]] and [[Emas National Park]] specifically for this species with the aid of tape-playback. And conduct further surveys in Argentina and Paraguay in the areas where the specimen was collected.  It was also proposed to determine best management practices for existing protected areas and control the burning of [[cerrado]] habitats.
-The dwarf tinamou is currently threatened by the ongoing [[habitat loss]] caused by [[mechanised agriculture]], intensive [[ranch|cattle-ranching]], [[afforestation]], [[invasive plant|invasive grasses]], excessive use of [[pesticide]]s and annual burning. It is also [[Hunting|hunt]]ed by people for food in some areas. Farming and ranching are its largest threats.<ref name="BLI" /> The dwarf tinamou is evaluated as [[Vulnerable species|Vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name=IUCN/> It has an occurrence range of {{convert|57700|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, and the last population estimate, done in 2000, showed between 5,800 and 6,960 adults.<ref name="BLI">BirdLife International (2008)</ref>
-== Conservation measures ==
-The dwarf tinamou is currently being conserved in three protected areas: [[Serra da Canastra National Park]], [[Itapetininga Experimental Station]] and the [[IBGE Roncador Biological Reserve]]. Several areas adjacent to the [[Río Bermejo]], [[Argentina]], have been surveyed with the aid of tape-playback, but the species has not been found. It was also been proposed to survey [[Serra do Cipó National Park]], [[Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park]] and [[Emas National Park]] specifically for this species with the aid of tape-playback. And conduct further surveys in Argentina and Paraguay in the areas where the specimen was collected.  It was also been proposed to determine best management practices for existing protected areas and control the burning of [[cerrado]] habitats.
 == Footnotes ==
+{{Reflist | refs =
-{{reflist}}
+<ref name="ITIS">{{cite web | title = ITIS Report: ''Taoniscus nanus'' | url = https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=553804#null | publisher = [[Integrated Taxonomic Information System]] | access-date = 20 September 2017}}</ref>
+}}
 == References ==
-* {{cite web| url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=55&m=1 | title=Dwarf Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet | accessdate=12 Feb 2009  | author=BirdLife International | year=2008| work=Data Zone}}
+* {{cite web| url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=55&m=1 | title=Dwarf Tinamou - BirdLife Species Factsheet | access-date=12 Feb 2009  | author=BirdLife International | year=2008| work=Data Zone}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=James |title=The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World |edition=6th |year=2007 |publisher= Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978-0-8014-4501-9  }}
-* {{cite web| url= http://www.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/51372.htm| title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Genus Nothura | accessdate=12 Feb 2009  |last=Brands | first=Sheila | authorlink= | date=Aug 14, 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon }}
-* {{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=James |title=The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World |edition=6 |year=2007 |publisher= Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca, NY |isbn=978-0-8014-4501-9  }}
+* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Davies |first=S.J.J.F.|editor1-first=Michael |editor1-last= Hutchins|encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |title=Tinamous |edition=2nd |year=2003 |publisher=Gale Group|volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins |location=Farmington Hills, MI|isbn=0-7876-5784-0 |pages=57–59}}
-* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Davies |first=S.J.J.F.|editor1-first=Michael |editor1-last= Hutchins|encyclopedia=Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia |title=Tinamous |edition=2 |year=2003 |publisher=Gale Group|volume=8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins |location=Farmington Hills, MI|isbn=0-7876-5784-0 |pages=57–59}}
 == External links ==
@@ Line 57: / Line 55: @@
 {{Tinamous}}
+{{Palaeognathae|N.}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q248520}}
-[[Category:Tinamiformes| ]]
+[[Category:Tinamous of South America|dwarf tinamou]]
-[[Category:South American tinamous]]
+[[Category:Birds of the Cerrado]]
-[[Category:Birds of the Cerrado|Tinamou, Dwarf]]
+[[Category:Birds of Brazil]]
-[[Category:Birds of Brazil|Tinamou, Dwarf]]
+[[Category:Birds described in 1815|dwarf tinamou]]
-[[Category:Birds of Paraguay|Tinamou, Dwarf]]
+[[Category:Tinamous]]
-[[Category:Birds of Argentina|Tinamou, Dwarf]]
-[[Category:Ratites]]
-[[Category:Animals described in 1815]]