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Coordinates: 25°07′21″N 88°37′13″E / 25.1225°N 88.6202°E / 25.1225; 88.6202
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'''Dibar Dighi''' ({{lang-bn|দিবর দীঘি}}) is a [[Reservoir|tank]] in [[Bangladesh]]. An octagonal granite pillar, associated with Kaivarta chief Dibya, who usurped the Pala throne, stands in the centre of the tank.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{cite book|last=Rahman|first=Kazi Mostafizur|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|editor1-last=Islam|editor1-first=Sirajul|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam|edition=Second|chapter=Dibar Dighi and Kaivarta Stambha|editor2-last=Jamal|editor2-first=Ahmed A.|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dibar_Dighi_and_Kaivarta_Stambha}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" />
'''Dibar Dighi''' ({{lang-bn|দিবর দীঘি}}) is a [[Reservoir|tank]] in [[Bangladesh]]. An octagonal granite pillar, associated with Kaivarta chief [[Varendra rebellion#The dynasty|Dibya]], who usurped the Pala throne, stands in the centre of the tank.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{cite book|last=Rahman|first=Kazi Mostafizur|title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|editor1-last=Islam|editor1-first=Sirajul|editor1-link=Sirajul Islam|edition=Second|chapter=Dibar Dighi and Kaivarta Stambha|editor2-last=Jamal|editor2-first=Ahmed A.|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dibar_Dighi_and_Kaivarta_Stambha}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":3" />


== Location ==
== Location ==
Line 37: Line 37:


=== Kaivarta Stambha ===
=== Kaivarta Stambha ===
[[File:Dibar Dighi 3.jpg|thumb|Dibar Stambha]]
[[File:Dibar Dighi 10.jpg|thumb|Fishing at Dibar Dighi, with Dibar Stambha is the background]]
The tank is primarily famed for housing a semi-submerged granite pillar — locally known as ''Kaivarta Stambha'' — in its center.<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{cite book|last=Chakrabarti|first=Dilip K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ty9uAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Dibar+Dighi%22|title=Ancient Bangladesh, a study of the archaeologcial sources|date=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=155|isbn=978-0-19-562879-1}}</ref> The apex of the pillar is crown shaped and decorated with three inflated circular rings.<ref name="Banglapedia" /> The pillar does not have any inscriptions.<ref name=":4" /> [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Francis Buchanon-Hamilton]]'s survey of Bengal (1807–08) measured the net height to be 22.5 cubits (33&nbsp;ft, 75 in) and the diameter to be 6.5 cubits (9&nbsp;ft, 9 in).<ref name=":1" />{{Efn|Cunningham later noted that this was actually the value of circumference.<ref name=":1" /> Cunningham's "servant" committed the same error, too.<ref name=":1" />}}{{efn|For a critical perspective on Hamilton's survey of Bengal, see {{Cite journal|last=Vicziany|first=Marika|date=October 1986|title=Imperialism, Botany and Statistics in early Nineteenth-Century India: The Surveys of Francis Buchanan (1762–1829)|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=20|issue=4|pages=625–660|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00013676|issn=1469-8099}} For an overview of British surveys and their roles in colonial knowledge production, see {{Cite book|title=Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843|last=Edney|first=Matthew H.|date=1997|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-18486-2}}}} He had deemed it to be octagonal in shape.<ref name=":1" />
The tank is primarily famed for housing a semi-submerged granite pillar — locally known as ''Kaivarta Stambha'' — in its center.<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{cite book|last=Chakrabarti|first=Dilip K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ty9uAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Dibar+Dighi%22|title=Ancient Bangladesh, a study of the archaeologcial sources|date=1992|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=155|isbn=978-0-19-562879-1}}</ref> The apex of the pillar is crown shaped and decorated with three inflated circular rings.<ref name="Banglapedia" /> The pillar does not have any inscriptions.<ref name=":4" /> [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Francis Buchanon-Hamilton]]'s survey of Bengal (1807–08) measured the net height to be 22.5 cubits (33&nbsp;ft, 75 in) and the diameter to be 6.5 cubits (9&nbsp;ft, 9 in).<ref name=":1" />{{Efn|Cunningham later noted that this was actually the value of circumference.<ref name=":1" /> Cunningham's "servant" committed the same error, too.<ref name=":1" />}}{{efn|For a critical perspective on Hamilton's survey of Bengal, see {{Cite journal|last=Vicziany|first=Marika|date=October 1986|title=Imperialism, Botany and Statistics in early Nineteenth-Century India: The Surveys of Francis Buchanan (1762–1829)|journal=Modern Asian Studies|language=en|volume=20|issue=4|pages=625–660|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00013676|issn=1469-8099}} For an overview of British surveys and their roles in colonial knowledge production, see {{Cite book|title=Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843|last=Edney|first=Matthew H.|date=1997|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-18486-2}}}} He had deemed it to be octagonal in shape.<ref name=":1" />


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The site is yet to be accurately dated.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Dibar Dighi and Kaivarta pillar |url=http://dept.ru.ac.bd/ihc/Mostafiz/Dibardighi.htm |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=dept.ru.ac.bd}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:নওগাঁয় এক রাতে তৈরি ঐতিহাসিক দিবর দীঘি |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/last-page/2019/01/22/393881 |access-date=2021-06-23 |work=Bangladesh Pratidin |language=bn}}</ref> The name of the village as 'Dibar' may be derived after the name of king Dibyak or Dibya.<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /> Local legends construct a mythological origin, wherein the lake was dug within one night by a ''[[jinn]]''.<ref name=":3" />
The site is yet to be accurately dated.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Dibar Dighi and Kaivarta pillar |url=http://dept.ru.ac.bd/ihc/Mostafiz/Dibardighi.htm |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=dept.ru.ac.bd}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:নওগাঁয় এক রাতে তৈরি ঐতিহাসিক দিবর দীঘি |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/last-page/2019/01/22/393881 |access-date=2021-06-23 |work=Bangladesh Pratidin |language=bn}}</ref> The name of the village as 'Dibar' may be derived after the name of king Dibyak or Dibya.<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5" /> Local legends construct a mythological origin, wherein the lake was dug within one night by a ''[[jinn]]''.<ref name=":3" />


From an etymological perspective and literary history, it is currently argued that the tank and the pillar were commissioned to commemorate the victory of a local Kaivarta vassal, Dibyak (var. Dibya) over his 11th century overlord, [[Mahipala II]].<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Maitreẏa |first=Akshaẏakumāra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O05uAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Dibor+Dighi%22 |title=The fall of the Pāla Empire |date=1987 |publisher=University of North Bengal |page=44 |author-link=Akshay Kumar Maitreya}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{Efn|The main source for historical reconstruction is [[Ramacharitam]] by [[Sandhyakar Nandi]]. There are three other epigraphical records exist of Dibyak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramacharitam, The |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ramacharitam,_The |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>}} The cause of the war between Dibyak and Mahipala II can not be ascertained — [[R. C. Majumdar]] interpreted it to be a rebellion by a local [[samanta]], strategically timed to the weakening of Pala authority whilst [[Ram Sharan Sharma]] took it to be a peasant rebellion against feudal suppression.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Furui |first=Ryosuke |date=2014 |title=Characteristics of Kaivarta Rebellion Delineated from the Rāmacarita |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158366 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=75 |pages=93–98 |jstor=44158366 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Varendra Rebellion |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Varendra_Rebellion |access-date=2021-06-24 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref> The construction might have been executed in the reign of Dibyak himself or his successors — brother Rudak, and nephew Bhim.<ref name="Banglapedia" />{{Efn|Bhim was subdued by [[Ramapala]] (supported by his kinsmen and other samantas) a few years later, and put to death; this brought the short-lived rule of Kaibartas over [[Barendra]] to an end.<ref name="Prothomalo">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:আখতারুজ্জামান ইলিয়াসের না লেখা উপন্যাস |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/আখতারুজ্জামান-ইলিয়াসের-না-লেখা-উপন্যাস |access-date=2021-06-23 |work=Prothom Alo |language=bn}}</ref> Nandi was probably the court-poet of Ramapala.}}
From an etymological perspective and literary history, it is currently argued that the tank and the pillar were commissioned to commemorate the victory of a local Kaivarta vassal, Dibyak (var. Dibya) over his 11th century overlord, [[Mahipala II]].<ref name="Banglapedia" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Maitreẏa |first=Akshaẏakumāra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O05uAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Dibor+Dighi%22 |title=The fall of the Pāla Empire |date=1987 |publisher=University of North Bengal |page=44 |author-link=Akshay Kumar Maitreya}}</ref><ref name=":0" />{{Efn|The main source for historical reconstruction is [[Ramacharitam]] by [[Sandhyakar Nandi]]. There are three other epigraphical records exist of Dibyak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ramacharitam, The |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ramacharitam,_The |access-date=2021-06-23 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref>}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varendra Rebellion - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Varendra_Rebellion |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref> The cause of the war between Dibyak and Mahipala II can not be ascertained — [[R. C. Majumdar]] interpreted it to be a rebellion by a local [[samanta]], strategically timed to the weakening of Pala authority whilst [[Ram Sharan Sharma]] took it to be a peasant rebellion against feudal suppression.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Furui |first=Ryosuke |date=2014 |title=Characteristics of Kaivarta Rebellion Delineated from the Rāmacarita |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44158366 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=75 |pages=93–98 |jstor=44158366 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Varendra Rebellion |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Varendra_Rebellion |access-date=2021-06-24 |website=Banglapedia}}</ref> The construction might have been executed in the reign of Dibyak himself or his successors — brother Rudak, and nephew Bhim.<ref name="Banglapedia" />{{Efn|Bhim was subdued by [[Ramapala]] (supported by his kinsmen and other samantas) later, and put to death; this brought the rule of Kaibartas over [[Barendra]] to an end.<ref name="Prothomalo">{{Cite news |script-title=bn:আখতারুজ্জামান ইলিয়াসের না লেখা উপন্যাস |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/আখতারুজ্জামান-ইলিয়াসের-না-লেখা-উপন্যাস |access-date=2021-06-23 |work=Prothom Alo |language=bn}}</ref> Nandi was probably the court-poet of Ramapala.}}


== Preservation ==
== Preservation ==
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[[Category:Rebellions in India]]
[[Category:Rebellions in India]]
[[Category:Medieval India]]
[[Category:11th century in India]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]
[[Category:Pala Empire]]
[[Category:Pala Empire]]

Latest revision as of 20:56, 3 June 2024

Dibar Dighi
Native name
Bengali: দিবর দীঘি
View of Dibor Dighi
LocationPatnitala Upazila, Naogaon District, Bangladesh
Coordinates25°07′21″N 88°37′13″E / 25.1225°N 88.6202°E / 25.1225; 88.6202

Dibar Dighi (Bengali: দিবর দীঘি) is a tank in Bangladesh. An octagonal granite pillar, associated with Kaivarta chief Dibya, who usurped the Pala throne, stands in the centre of the tank.[1][2][3]

Location

[edit]

The site is located in Dibar village, on the northern side of Nazipur-Sapahar highway in Patnitala Upazila of Naogaon District.[1][4]

Architecture

[edit]

Dibar Dighi

[edit]

Alexander Cunningham, whose "servant" visited the site in 1879–80, noted the lake to spread about 1200 square ft.[5][a] Average depth was about 12 ft.[5] The tank currently occupies about 20 acres of land and sits atop a mound, spread over 100 acres.[1][6]

Kaivarta Stambha

[edit]
Dibar Stambha
Fishing at Dibar Dighi, with Dibar Stambha is the background

The tank is primarily famed for housing a semi-submerged granite pillar — locally known as Kaivarta Stambha — in its center.[1][6][2] The apex of the pillar is crown shaped and decorated with three inflated circular rings.[1] The pillar does not have any inscriptions.[6] Francis Buchanon-Hamilton's survey of Bengal (1807–08) measured the net height to be 22.5 cubits (33 ft, 75 in) and the diameter to be 6.5 cubits (9 ft, 9 in).[5][b][c] He had deemed it to be octagonal in shape.[5]

Cunningham's expedition revised the height to be approximately 30 ft — the visible portion spanned 10 ft, the submerged portion 12 ft, and the rest, underground foundation.[5] From the logged data, he determined the pillar to be nonagonal having side-length of 12 in. each; diameter came out to be 29 in.[5] Cunningham regretted that he did not personally visit the site, noting that such a large single-shaft stone pillar was yet to be recorded in Indian subcontinent, after Ashoka's reign.[5]

A Bangladeshi archaeologist confirmed Cunningham's approximation but changed the distribution; 12 ft was above water level, 8 ft was submerged, and 10 ft was below ground.[7]

History

[edit]

The site is yet to be accurately dated.[8][3] The name of the village as 'Dibar' may be derived after the name of king Dibyak or Dibya.[1][4][8] Local legends construct a mythological origin, wherein the lake was dug within one night by a jinn.[3]

From an etymological perspective and literary history, it is currently argued that the tank and the pillar were commissioned to commemorate the victory of a local Kaivarta vassal, Dibyak (var. Dibya) over his 11th century overlord, Mahipala II.[1][9][7][d][11] The cause of the war between Dibyak and Mahipala II can not be ascertained — R. C. Majumdar interpreted it to be a rebellion by a local samanta, strategically timed to the weakening of Pala authority whilst Ram Sharan Sharma took it to be a peasant rebellion against feudal suppression.[12][13] The construction might have been executed in the reign of Dibyak himself or his successors — brother Rudak, and nephew Bhim.[1][e]

Preservation

[edit]

In 1939, the Central Government declared Dibar Dighi to be a heritage site.[15] Rajshahi Social Forestry Division has created an artificial forest (alongside a mini-zoo) around the tank; boating trips seem to be allowed.[3][16][17]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ On the role played by these "servants", see Raj, Kapil (2007). "When Human Travellers become Instruments: The Indo-British Exploration of Central Asia in the Nineteenth Century". Relocating Modern Science: Circulation and the Construction of Knowledge in South Asia and Europe, 1650–1900. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 181–222. doi:10.1057/9780230625310_7. ISBN 978-0-230-62531-0.
  2. ^ Cunningham later noted that this was actually the value of circumference.[5] Cunningham's "servant" committed the same error, too.[5]
  3. ^ For a critical perspective on Hamilton's survey of Bengal, see Vicziany, Marika (October 1986). "Imperialism, Botany and Statistics in early Nineteenth-Century India: The Surveys of Francis Buchanan (1762–1829)". Modern Asian Studies. 20 (4): 625–660. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00013676. ISSN 1469-8099. For an overview of British surveys and their roles in colonial knowledge production, see Edney, Matthew H. (1997). Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765-1843. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-18486-2.
  4. ^ The main source for historical reconstruction is Ramacharitam by Sandhyakar Nandi. There are three other epigraphical records exist of Dibyak.[10]
  5. ^ Bhim was subdued by Ramapala (supported by his kinsmen and other samantas) later, and put to death; this brought the rule of Kaibartas over Barendra to an end.[14] Nandi was probably the court-poet of Ramapala.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Rahman, Kazi Mostafizur (2012). "Dibar Dighi and Kaivarta Stambha". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  2. ^ a b Chakrabarti, Dilip K. (1992). Ancient Bangladesh, a study of the archaeologcial sources. Oxford University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-19-562879-1.
  3. ^ a b c d নওগাঁয় এক রাতে তৈরি ঐতিহাসিক দিবর দীঘি. Bangladesh Pratidin (in Bengali). Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Dibar Pillar- A Medieval Wonder | Independent". m.theindependentbd.com. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cunningham, Sir Alexander (1882). Report of a Tour in Bihar and Bengal in 1879-80 from Patna to Sunargaon ... Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. p. 123.
  6. ^ a b c ঐতিহাসিক দিবর দিঘি [Historic Dibar Dighi]. Patnitala Upazila (in Bengali). Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Dibar Pillar- A Medieval Wonder". The Independent. Dhaka. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  8. ^ a b "Dibar Dighi and Kaivarta pillar". dept.ru.ac.bd. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  9. ^ Maitreẏa, Akshaẏakumāra (1987). The fall of the Pāla Empire. University of North Bengal. p. 44.
  10. ^ "Ramacharitam, The". Banglapedia. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  11. ^ "Varendra Rebellion - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  12. ^ Furui, Ryosuke (2014). "Characteristics of Kaivarta Rebellion Delineated from the Rāmacarita". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 75: 93–98. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44158366.
  13. ^ "Varendra Rebellion". Banglapedia. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
  14. ^ আখতারুজ্জামান ইলিয়াসের না লেখা উপন্যাস. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  15. ^ Indian Information Series. Vol. 4–5. India: Bureau of Public Information. 1939.
  16. ^ কালের সাক্ষী নওগাঁর ঐতিহাসিক দিবর দীঘি. Ekushey TV (in Bengali). Retrieved 23 June 2021.
  17. ^ এলিজার দেখা ৭. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). Retrieved 23 June 2021.
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