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{{short description|English artist}}
{{short description|English artist (1879–1976)}}
{{redirect|Ernest Shepard||Ernie Shepherd (politician)|}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_suffix = [[OBE]] [[Military Cross|MC]]
|honorific_prefix =
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| image = Ernest Howard Shepard.jpg
|honorific_suffix =
|native_name =
| caption = Shepard in 1932
|native_name_lang = English
| native_name_lang = English
|image =
| birth_name = Ernest Howard Shepard
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1879|12|10|df=yes}}
|image_size =
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|03|24|1879|12|10|df=yes}}
|alt =
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| birth_place = [[St John's Wood]], [[London]], England
|caption =
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| death_place = London, England
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|birth_name = Ernest Howard Shepard
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| battles = [[World War I]]
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|1879|12|10|df=yes}}
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| laterwork = Artist and book illustrator of ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'' and ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|1976|03|24|1879|12|10|df=yes}}
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| children = [[Mary Shepard]]<br/>[[Graham Shepard]]
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|birth_place = [[St John's Wood]], [[London]], England
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|death_place = London, England
|placeofburial =
|placeofburial_label =
|placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
|nickname =
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|battles = [[World War I]]
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|awards = [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]], [[Military Cross]]
|relations =
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|laterwork = Artist and book illustrator of ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'' and ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''
|signature =
|website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
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| children = [[Mary Shepard]]<br/>[[Graham Shepard]]
}}
}}
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'''Ernest Howard Shepard''' <small>[[OBE]] [[Military Cross|MC]]</small> (10 December 1879 – 24 March 1976) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is known especially for illustrations of the [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] animal and soft toy characters in ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'' and ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''.


⚫
'''Ernest Howard Shepard''' {{Post-nominals|OBE|MC}} (10 December 1879 – 24 March 1976) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is known especially for illustrations of the [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] animal and soft toy characters in ''[[The Wind in the Willows]]'' and ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''.
== Career ==


Shepard's original 1926 illustrated map of the Hundred Acre Wood, which features in the opening pages of ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' (and also appears in the opening animation in the first Disney adaptation in 1966), sold for £430,000 ($600,000) at [[Sotheby's]] in London, setting a world record for book illustrations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Original Winnie-the-Pooh map sets world record at auction |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jul/10/original-winnie-the-pooh-map-sets-world-record-auction |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Winnie-the-Pooh's Original Hundred Acre Wood Sells for £430,000 |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/winnie-the-poohs-original-hundred-acre-wood-unseen-for-50-years |access-date=17 September 2022 |work=Sotheby's}}</ref>
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[[File:EH Shepard's House, Lodsworth. - geograph.org.uk - 203097.jpg|thumb|Shepard's house in [[Lodsworth]], marked with a [[blue plaque]] ]]


== Early life and career ==
⚫
Shepard was born in [[St John's Wood]], London. Having shown some promise in drawing at [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], in 1897 he enrolled in the [[Heatherley School of Fine Art]] in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chandler|first=Arthur R.|title=E.H. Shepard, The Man Who Drew Pooh|publisher=Jaydem Books|year=2000|location=Winkinswood Farm, West Sussex, UK|pages=27–31, 168|isbn=978-1-903368-02-2}}</ref> After a productive year there, he attended the [[Royal Academy Schools]], winning a Landseer scholarship in 1899 and a British Institute prize in 1900.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 33.</ref> There he met Florence Eleanor Chaplin, whom he married in 1904.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 37.</ref> By 1906 Shepard had become a successful illustrator, having produced work for illustrated editions of [[Aesop's Fables]], ''[[David Copperfield (novel)|David Copperfield]]'', and ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]'', while at the same time working as an illustrator on the staff of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 51.</ref> The couple bought a house in London, but in 1905 moved to Shamley Green, near Guildford.

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[[File:EH Shepard's House, Lodsworth. - geograph.org.uk - 203097.jpg|thumb|Shepard's house in [[Lodsworth]], marked with a [[blue plaque]]]]

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Shepard was born in [[St John's Wood]], London, son of Henry Donkin Shepard, an architect, and Jessie Harriet, daughter of watercolour painter William Lee.<ref>{{Cite ODNB|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-31675|isbn = 978-0-19-861412-8|doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/31675|title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|year = 2004}}</ref> Having shown some promise in drawing at [[St Paul's School (London)|St Paul's School]], in 1897 he enrolled in the [[Heatherley School of Fine Art]] in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Chandler|first=Arthur R.|title=E.H. Shepard, The Man Who Drew Pooh|publisher=Jaydem Books|year=2000|location=Winkinswood Farm, West Sussex, UK|pages=27–31, 168|isbn=978-1-903368-02-2}}</ref> After a productive year there, he attended the [[Royal Academy Schools]], winning a Landseer scholarship in 1899 and a British Institute prize in 1900.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 33.</ref> There he met Florence Eleanor Chaplin, whom he married in 1904.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 37.</ref> By 1906 Shepard had become a successful illustrator, having produced work for illustrated editions of [[Aesop's Fables]], ''[[David Copperfield (novel)|David Copperfield]]'', and ''[[Tom Brown's Schooldays]]'', while at the same time working as an illustrator on the staff of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 51.</ref> The couple bought a house in London, but in 1905 moved to Shamley Green, near Guildford.


Shepard was a prolific painter, showing in a number of exhibitions. He exhibited at the Royal Society of Artists, Birmingham—a traditional venue for generic painters—as well as in the more radical atmosphere of Glasgow's Institute of Fine Arts, where some of the most innovative artists were on show. He was twice an exhibitor at the [[Walker Art Gallery]] in Liverpool, one of the largest provincial galleries in the country, and another at the [[Manchester Art Gallery]], a Victorian institution later part of the public libraries. But at heart, Shepard was a Londoner, showing sixteen times at the [[Royal Academy]] on Piccadilly. His wife, who was also a painter, found a home in London's West End venue for her own modest output during a 25-year career.<ref>Johnson and Greutzner, p. 457.</ref><!-- Please do not delete these sources that are verifiable as reliable information. -->
Shepard was a prolific painter, showing in a number of exhibitions. He exhibited at the Royal Society of Artists, Birmingham—a traditional venue for generic painters—as well as in the more radical atmosphere of Glasgow's Institute of Fine Arts, where some of the most innovative artists were on show. He was twice an exhibitor at the [[Walker Art Gallery]] in Liverpool, one of the largest provincial galleries in the country, and another at the [[Manchester Art Gallery]], a Victorian institution later part of the public libraries. But at heart, Shepard was a Londoner, showing sixteen times at the [[Royal Academy]] on Piccadilly. His wife, who was also a painter, found a home in London's West End venue for her own modest output during a 25-year career.<ref>Johnson and Greutzner, p. 457.</ref><!-- Please do not delete these sources that are verifiable as reliable information. -->


In his mid-thirties when World War I broke out in 1914, Shepard received a commission as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Garrison Artillery]], an arm of the [[Royal Artillery]]. He was assigned to [[105th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery|105th Siege Battery]], which crossed to France in May 1916. and went into action at the [[Battle of the Somme]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29405|page=12570|date=17 December 1915}}</ref><ref name=Shepard>Shepard's summary of 105th Siege Battery's service, in Campbell, pp. 122–5.</ref><ref>Campbell, pp. 32, 66–71.</ref><ref>Chandler (2000), p. 59.</ref>
In his mid-thirties when [[World War I]] broke out in 1914, Shepard received a commission as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Garrison Artillery]], an arm of the [[Royal Artillery]]. He was assigned to the [[105th Siege Battery, Royal Garrison Artillery|105th Siege Battery]], which crossed to France in May 1916 and went into action at the [[Battle of the Somme]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=29405|page=12570|date=17 December 1915}}</ref><ref name=Shepard>Shepard's summary of 105th Siege Battery's service, in Campbell, pp. 122–5.</ref><ref>Campbell, pp. 32, 66–71.</ref><ref>Chandler (2000), p. 59.</ref>


By the autumn of 1916, Shepard started working for the Intelligence Department sketching the combat area within the view of his battery position.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 69.</ref><ref>Campbell, p. 66.</ref> On 16 February 1917, he was made an acting [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] whilst [[second-in-command]] of his battery, and briefly served as an [[acting major]] in late April and early May of that year during the [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]] before reverting to acting captain.<ref name=Shepard/><ref name="Campbell, pp. 75–80">Campbell, pp. 75–80.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30051|supp=y|page=4315|date=4 May 1917}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30383|supp=y|page=11818|date=13 November 1917}}</ref> He was promoted to substantive lieutenant on 1 July 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30315|supp=y|page=10142|date=28 September 1917}}</ref> Whilst acting as Captain, he was awarded the [[Military Cross]]. His citation read:<ref name="MC">{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30188|page=7244|supp=y|date=17 July 1917}}</ref>
By the autumn of 1916, Shepard started working for the Intelligence Department sketching the combat area within the view of his battery position.<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 69.</ref><ref>Campbell, p. 66.</ref> On 16 February 1917, he was made an acting [[Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)|captain]] whilst [[second-in-command]] of his battery, and briefly served as an [[major (rank)|acting major]] in late April and early May of that year during the [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]] before reverting to acting captain.<ref name=Shepard/><ref name="Campbell, pp. 75–80">Campbell, pp. 75–80.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30051|supp=y|page=4315|date=4 May 1917}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30383|supp=y|page=11818|date=13 November 1917}}</ref> He was promoted to substantive lieutenant on 1 July 1917.<ref>{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30315|supp=y|page=10142|date=28 September 1917}}</ref> Whilst acting as captain, he was awarded the [[Military Cross]]. His citation read:<ref name="MC">{{London Gazette|nolink=yes|issue=30188|page=7244|supp=y|date=17 July 1917}}</ref>


{{Quote|For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. As forward Observation Officer he continued to observe and send back valuable information, in spite of heavy shell and machine gun fire. His courage and coolness were conspicuous.}}
{{Blockquote|For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. As forward Observation Officer he continued to observe and send back valuable information, in spite of heavy shell and machine gun fire. His courage and coolness were conspicuous.}}


Later in 1917 105th Siege Battery participated in the final stages of the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] where it came under heavy fire and suffered a number of casualties.<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 80–9.</ref> At the end of the year it was sent to help retrieve a disastrous situation on the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian Front]], travelling by rail via [[Verona]] before coming into action on the [[Montello (hill)|Montello Hill]].<ref name=Shepard/><ref name="Campbell, pp. 75–80"/>
Later in 1917, the 105th Siege Battery participated in the final stages of the [[Battle of Passchendaele]] where it came under heavy fire and suffered a number of casualties.<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 80–9.</ref> At the end of the year, it was sent to help retrieve a disastrous situation on the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian Front]], travelling by rail via [[Verona]] before coming into action on the [[Montello (hill)|Montello Hill]].<ref name=Shepard/><ref name="Campbell, pp. 75–80"/>


Shepard missed the [[Second Battle of the Piave River]] in April 1918, being on leave in England (where he was invested with his MC by [[King George V]] at [[Buckingham Palace]]) and where he was attending a gunnery course.<ref>Campbell, pp. 98–9.</ref> He was back in Italy with his battery for the victory at [[Battle of Vittorio Veneto|Vittorio Veneto]].<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 99–104.</ref> After the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] in November 1918, Shepard was promoted to acting major in command of the battery, and given the duty of administering captured enemy guns. [[Demobilization|Demobilisation]] began at Christmas 1918 and 105th Siege Battery was disbanded in March 1919.<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 106–19.</ref><ref>Bryant, Mark. ''World War I in Cartoons''. London: Grub Street Pub, 2006, page 9, {{ISBN|190494356X}}.</ref>
Shepard missed the [[Second Battle of the Piave River]] in April 1918, being on leave in England (where he was invested with his MC by [[King George V]] at [[Buckingham Palace]]) and where he was attending a gunnery course.<ref>Campbell, pp. 98–9.</ref> He was back in Italy with his battery for the victory at [[Battle of Vittorio Veneto|Vittorio Veneto]].<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 99–104.</ref> After the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] in November 1918, Shepard was promoted to acting major in command of the battery, and given the duty of administering captured enemy guns. [[Demobilization|Demobilisation]] began at Christmas 1918 and the 105th Siege Battery was disbanded in March 1919.<ref name=Shepard/><ref>Campbell, pp. 106–19.</ref><ref>Bryant, Mark. ''World War I in Cartoons''. London: Grub Street Pub, 2006, page 9, {{ISBN|190494356X}}.</ref>


Throughout the war he had been contributing to ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''. He was hired as a regular staff cartoonist in 1921 and became lead cartoonist in 1945. He was removed from this post in 1953 by ''Punch'''s new editor, [[Malcolm Muggeridge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.just-pooh.com/shepard.html|title=E.H. Shepard {{!}} Winnie the Pooh|date=2014-01-04|access-date=2018-01-16|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204038/http://www.just-pooh.com/shepard.html|archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> His work was also part of the [[Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics#Painting|painting event]] in the [[Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics|art competition]] at the [[1928 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920542 |title=E. H. Shepard |work=Olympedia |access-date=26 July 2020}}</ref>
Throughout the war, he had been contributing to ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''. He was hired as a regular staff cartoonist in 1921 and became lead cartoonist in 1945. He was removed from this post in 1953 by ''Punch'''s new editor, [[Malcolm Muggeridge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.just-pooh.com/shepard.html|title=E.H. Shepard {{!}} Winnie the Pooh|date=2014-01-04|access-date=2018-01-16|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204038/http://www.just-pooh.com/shepard.html|archive-date=4 January 2014}}</ref> His work was also part of the [[Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics#Painting|painting event]] in the [[Art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics|art competition]] at the [[1928 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/920542 |title=E. H. Shepard |work=Olympedia |access-date=26 July 2020}}</ref>


Shepard was recommended to [[A. A. Milne]] in 1923 by another ''Punch'' staffer, [[E. V. Lucas]]. Milne initially thought Shepard's style was not what he wanted, but used him to illustrate the book of poems ''[[When We Were Very Young]]''. Happy with the results, Milne then insisted Shepard illustrate ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''. Realising his illustrator's contribution to the book's success, the writer arranged for Shepard to receive a share of his royalties. Milne also inscribed a copy of ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' with the following personal verse:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/winnie-the-pooh/features/eh-shepard-the-man-who-drew-pooh-in-progress|title=EH Shepard: The Man Who Drew Pooh - Winnie-the-Pooh - Icons of England|date=2010-04-20|access-date=2018-01-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420084401/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/winnie-the-pooh/features/eh-shepard-the-man-who-drew-pooh-in-progress|archive-date=20 April 2010}}</ref>
Shepard was recommended to [[A. A. Milne]] in 1923 by another ''Punch'' staffer, [[E. V. Lucas]]. Milne initially thought Shepard's style was not what he wanted, but used him to illustrate the book of poems ''[[When We Were Very Young]]''. Happy with the results, Milne then insisted Shepard illustrate ''[[Winnie-the-Pooh (book)|Winnie-the-Pooh]]''. Realising his illustrator's contribution to the book's success, the writer arranged for Shepard to receive a share of his royalties. Milne also inscribed a copy of ''Winnie-the-Pooh'' with the following personal verse:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/winnie-the-pooh/features/eh-shepard-the-man-who-drew-pooh-in-progress|title=EH Shepard: The Man Who Drew Pooh - Winnie-the-Pooh - Icons of England|date=2010-04-20|access-date=2018-01-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420084401/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/winnie-the-pooh/features/eh-shepard-the-man-who-drew-pooh-in-progress|archive-date=20 April 2010}}</ref>


{{Quote|<poem>
{{Blockquote|<poem>
When I am gone,
When I am gone,
Let Shepard decorate my tomb,
Let Shepard decorate my tomb,
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</poem>}}
</poem>}}


Eventually Shepard came to resent "that silly old bear" as he felt that the Pooh illustrations overshadowed his other work.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4772370.stm|title=The man who hated Pooh|website=BBC News|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>
Eventually Shepard came to resent "that silly old bear" as he felt that the Pooh illustrations overshadowed his other work.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4772370.stm|title=The man who hated Pooh|website=BBC News|date=6 March 2006|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>


Shepard modelled Pooh not on the toy owned by Milne's son [[Christopher Robin Milne|Christopher Robin]] but on "Growler", a stuffed bear owned by his own son.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/04/real-winnie-the-pooh-revealed-to-have-been-growler|last=Flood|first=Alison|title=The real Winnie-the-Pooh revealed to have been 'Growler'|work=The Guardian|date=4 September 2017|access-date=4 September 2017}} With sketch based on Growler.</ref> (Growler no longer exists, having been given to his granddaughter Minnie Hunt and subsequently destroyed by a neighbour's dog.)<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 92.</ref> His Pooh work is so famous that 300 of his preliminary sketches were exhibited at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in 1969, when he was 90 years old.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Howard|first1=Philip|title=Show at Pooh Corner|issue=57744|newspaper=The Times|date=16 December 1969}}</ref>
Shepard modelled Pooh not on the toy owned by Milne's son [[Christopher Robin Milne|Christopher Robin]] but on "Growler", a stuffed bear owned by his own son.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/sep/04/real-winnie-the-pooh-revealed-to-have-been-growler|last=Flood|first=Alison|title=The real Winnie-the-Pooh revealed to have been 'Growler'|work=The Guardian|date=4 September 2017|access-date=4 September 2017}} With sketch based on Growler.</ref> (Growler no longer exists, having been given to his granddaughter Minnie Hunt and subsequently destroyed by a neighbour's dog.)<ref>Chandler (2000), p. 92.</ref> His Pooh work is so famous that 300 of his preliminary sketches were exhibited at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]] in 1969, when he was 90 years old.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Howard|first1=Philip|title=Show at Pooh Corner|issue=57744|newspaper=The Times|date=16 December 1969}}</ref>


A Shepard painting of Winnie the Pooh, believed to have been painted in the 1930s for a Bristol teashop,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pooh-corner.com/bioshepard.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071009211837/http://www.pooh-corner.com/bioshepard.html|archive-date=2007-10-09|url-status=dead|title=Pooh Corner: BIOGRAPHIES: E.H. SHEPARD|date=2007-10-09|work=pooh-corner.com|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> is his only known oil painting of the famous teddy bear. It was purchased at an auction for $243,000 in London late in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnipeg outbids art lovers for Pooh painting|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/winnipeg-outbids-art-lovers-for-pooh-painting-1.235105|publisher=CBC News Canada|access-date=17 March 2015|date=16 November 2000}}</ref> The painting is displayed in the Pavilion Gallery at [[Assiniboine Park]] in [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada, the city after which Winnie is named.<ref>{{cite web|title=Art in the Park – Pavilion Gallery Museum Collections|website=Assiniboine Park|url=http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/attractions/art-in-the-park-pavilion-gallery-museum-collections.php|access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>
A Shepard painting of Winnie the Pooh, believed to have been painted in the 1930s for a Bristol teashop,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pooh-corner.com/bioshepard.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071009211837/http://www.pooh-corner.com/bioshepard.html|archive-date=2007-10-09|url-status=dead|title=Pooh Corner: BIOGRAPHIES: E.H. SHEPARD|date=2007-10-09|work=pooh-corner.com|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref> is his only known oil painting of the famous teddy bear. It was purchased at an auction for $243,000 in London late in 2000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Winnipeg outbids art lovers for Pooh painting|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/winnipeg-outbids-art-lovers-for-pooh-painting-1.235105|publisher=CBC News Canada|access-date=17 March 2015|date=16 November 2000}}</ref> The painting is displayed in the Pavilion Gallery at [[Assiniboine Park]] in [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]], Canada, the city after which Winnie is named.<ref>{{cite web|title=Art in the Park – Pavilion Gallery Museum Collections|website=Assiniboine Park|url=http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/attractions/art-in-the-park-pavilion-gallery-museum-collections.php|access-date=17 March 2015|archive-date=15 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315171953/http://www.assiniboinepark.ca/attractions/art-in-the-park-pavilion-gallery-museum-collections.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Shepard wrote two autobiographies: ''Drawn from Memory'' (1957) and ''Drawn From Life'' (1961).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepard|first1=Ernest H.|title=Drawn from Memory|url=https://archive.org/details/drawnfrommemory00shep|url-access=registration|date=1957|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepard|first1=Ernest H.|title=Drawn from Life|url=https://archive.org/details/drawnfromlife00shep|url-access=registration|date=1961|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}</ref>
Shepard wrote two autobiographies: ''Drawn from Memory'' (1957) and ''Drawn From Life'' (1961).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepard|first1=Ernest H.|title=Drawn from Memory|url=https://archive.org/details/drawnfrommemory00shep|url-access=registration|date=1957|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shepard|first1=Ernest H.|title=Drawn from Life|url=https://archive.org/details/drawnfromlife00shep|url-access=registration|date=1961|publisher=Methuen|location=London}}</ref>
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[[File:E H Shepard's grave.JPG|thumb|Shepard's grave at St Peter's Church, [[Lodsworth]]]]
[[File:E H Shepard's grave.JPG|thumb|Shepard's grave at St Peter's Church, [[Lodsworth]]]]


Shepard lived at Melina Place in St John's Wood<ref>{{cite news|title=More homes with literary credentials|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/buyingsellingandmoving/9957606/For-sale-Winnie-the-Pooh-creator-A-A-Milnes-home.html|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105191502/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/buyingsellingandmoving/9957606/For-sale-Winnie-the-Pooh-creator-A-A-Milnes-home.html|archive-date=5 January 2014}}</ref> and from 1955 in [[Lodsworth]], West Sussex. He and Florence had two children, [[Graham Shepard|Graham]] (born 1907) and [[Mary Shepard|Mary]] (born 1909),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/is/enroom/illustrators/shepard.htm|title=Resource Guide – Ernest Howard Shepard|access-date=23 May 2008|author=Millie Arnet|author2=Michelle Frisque|author3=Beth Kean|author4=Elizabeth T. Mahoney|work=The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room Illustrators Project|publisher=University of Pittsburgh ULS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203231340/http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/is/enroom/illustrators/shepard.htm|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> who both became illustrators. Lt. Graham Shepard died when his ship [[HMS Polyanthus (K47)|HMS ''Polyanthus'']] was sunk by [[German submarine U-952]] in September 1943. Mary married [[E.V. Knox]], the editor of ''Punch'', and became known as the illustrator of the ''[[Mary Poppins (book series)|Mary Poppins]]'' series of children's books. Florence Shepard died in 1927. In November 1943 Shepard married Norah Carroll, a nurse at [[St Mary's Hospital, Paddington]]. They remained married until his death on 24 March 1976.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Knox, Rawle|title=The Work of E. H. Shepard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovTVAAAAMAAJ|access-date=12 January 2018|year=1979|publisher=Methuen, Limited|isbn=978-0-416-86770-1|page=204}}</ref> In 1966, he called the short film [[Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree]] a travesty.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJNZAAAAMAAJ&q=complete+travesty|title=The Disney Studio Story|isbn=9780706430400|last1=Holliss|first1=Richard|last2=Sibley|first2=Brian|year=1988}}</ref>
Shepard lived at Melina Place in St John's Wood<ref>{{cite news|title=More homes with literary credentials|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/buyingsellingandmoving/9957606/For-sale-Winnie-the-Pooh-creator-A-A-Milnes-home.html|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105191502/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/buyingsellingandmoving/9957606/For-sale-Winnie-the-Pooh-creator-A-A-Milnes-home.html|archive-date=5 January 2014}}</ref> and from 1955 in [[Lodsworth]], West Sussex. He and Florence had two children, [[Graham Shepard|Graham]] (born 1907) and [[Mary Shepard|Mary]] (born 1909),<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/is/enroom/illustrators/shepard.htm|title=Resource Guide – Ernest Howard Shepard|access-date=23 May 2008|author=Millie Arnet|author2=Michelle Frisque|author3=Beth Kean|author4=Elizabeth T. Mahoney|work=The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room Illustrators Project|publisher=University of Pittsburgh ULS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203231340/http://www.library.pitt.edu/libraries/is/enroom/illustrators/shepard.htm|archive-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> who both became illustrators. Lt. Graham Shepard died when his ship [[HMS Polyanthus (K47)|HMS ''Polyanthus'']] was sunk by [[German submarine U-952]] in September 1943. Mary married [[E.V. Knox]], the editor of ''Punch'', and became known as the illustrator of the ''[[Mary Poppins (book series)|Mary Poppins]]'' series of children's books. Florence Shepard died in 1927. In November 1943 Shepard married Norah Carroll, a nurse at [[St Mary's Hospital, Paddington]]. They remained married until his death on 24 March 1976.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Knox, Rawle|title=The Work of E. H. Shepard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovTVAAAAMAAJ|access-date=12 January 2018|year=1979|publisher=Methuen, Limited|isbn=978-0-416-86770-1|page=204}}</ref> In 1966, he called the short film ''[[Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree]]'' a travesty.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJNZAAAAMAAJ&q=complete+travesty|title=The Disney Studio Story|isbn=9780706430400|last1=Holliss|first1=Richard|last2=Sibley|first2=Brian|year=1988|publisher=Octopus }}</ref>


== Works illustrated ==
== Works illustrated ==
Line 114: Line 98:
* 1955 – ''[[Muriel Wace|Mary in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Country Life|date=October 1955|page=834}}</ref>
* 1955 – ''[[Muriel Wace|Mary in the Country]]''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Country Life|date=October 1955|page=834}}</ref>
* 1956 – ''The Islanders''; ''The Pancake''<ref name='chandlerbio'/>
* 1956 – ''The Islanders''; ''The Pancake''<ref name='chandlerbio'/>
* 1956 – ''[[The Secret Garden]]''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/secret-garden/oclc/7788923|title=The secret garden (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]|website=worldcat.org|oclc=7788923|language=en|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>
* 1956 – ''[[The Secret Garden]]''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7788923|title=The secret garden (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]|via=worldcat.org|oclc=7788923|language=en|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>
* 1956 – ''Royal Reflections: Stories for Children''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/royal-reflections-stories-for-children/oclc/30199857|title=Royal reflections : stories for children (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]|website=worldcat.org|oclc=30199857|language=en|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>
* 1956 – ''Royal Reflections: Stories for Children''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30199857|title=Royal reflections : stories for children (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]|via=worldcat.org|oclc=30199857|language=en|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>
* 1957 – ''Drawn from Memory''; ''Briar Rose''<ref name='chandlerbio'/>
* 1957 – ''Drawn from Memory''; ''Briar Rose''<ref name='chandlerbio'/>
* 1958 – ''Old Greek Fairy Tales''<ref name='chandlerbio'/>
* 1958 – ''Old Greek Fairy Tales''<ref name='chandlerbio'/>
Line 141: Line 125:
*{{cite book|first1=J.|last1=Johnson|first2=A.|last2=Greutzner|title=The Dictionary of British Artists 1880-1940: An Antique Collector's Club Research Project listing 41,000 artists|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk|date=1988}}
*{{cite book|first1=J.|last1=Johnson|first2=A.|last2=Greutzner|title=The Dictionary of British Artists 1880-1940: An Antique Collector's Club Research Project listing 41,000 artists|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk|date=1988}}


;Articles
'''Articles'''
*{{cite journal|last=Howard|first=Philip|date=16 December 1969|title=Show at Pooh Corner|issue=#(57744)|journal=The Times}}
*{{cite journal|last=Howard|first=Philip|date=16 December 1969|title=Show at Pooh Corner|issue=#(57744)|journal=The Times}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Portal|Children's literature|Visual arts}}
{{Portal|Children's literature|Visual arts}}
*{{Commonscat-inline}}
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Wikisource author-inline}}
*{{Wikisource author-inline}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060719134846/http://www.classicpooh.net/akre2.htm Biography of E. H. Shepard] at classicpooh.net
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060719134846/http://www.classicpooh.net/akre2.htm Biography of E. H. Shepard] at classicpooh.net
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[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century English artists]]
[[Category:20th-century English male artists]]
[[Category:20th-century English memoirists]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:English Anglicans]]
[[Category:English illustrators]]
[[Category:English illustrators]]

Latest revision as of 14:41, 20 June 2024

"Ernest Shepard" redirects here. For other uses, see Ernie Shepherd (politician).

E. H. Shepard

OBE MC
Shepard in 1932
Birth nameErnest Howard Shepard
Born(1879-12-10)10 December 1879
St John's Wood, London, England
Died24 March 1976(1976-03-24) (aged 96)
London, England
Battles/warsWorld War I
ChildrenMary Shepard
Graham Shepard
Other workArtist and book illustrator of The Wind in the Willows and Winnie-the-Pooh

Ernest Howard Shepard OBE MC (10 December 1879 – 24 March 1976) was an English artist and book illustrator. He is known especially for illustrations of the anthropomorphic animal and soft toy characters in The Wind in the Willows and Winnie-the-Pooh.

Shepard's original 1926 illustrated map of the Hundred Acre Wood, which features in the opening pages of Winnie-the-Pooh (and also appears in the opening animation in the first Disney adaptation in 1966), sold for £430,000 ($600,000) at Sotheby's in London, setting a world record for book illustrations.[1][2]

Early life and career

[edit]
Shepard's house in Lodsworth, marked with a blue plaque

Shepard was born in St John's Wood, London, son of Henry Donkin Shepard, an architect, and Jessie Harriet, daughter of watercolour painter William Lee.[3] Having shown some promise in drawing at St Paul's School, in 1897 he enrolled in the Heatherley School of Fine Art in Chelsea.[4] After a productive year there, he attended the Royal Academy Schools, winning a Landseer scholarship in 1899 and a British Institute prize in 1900.[5] There he met Florence Eleanor Chaplin, whom he married in 1904.[6] By 1906 Shepard had become a successful illustrator, having produced work for illustrated editions of Aesop's Fables, David Copperfield, and Tom Brown's Schooldays, while at the same time working as an illustrator on the staff of Punch.[7] The couple bought a house in London, but in 1905 moved to Shamley Green, near Guildford.

Shepard was a prolific painter, showing in a number of exhibitions. He exhibited at the Royal Society of Artists, Birmingham—a traditional venue for generic painters—as well as in the more radical atmosphere of Glasgow's Institute of Fine Arts, where some of the most innovative artists were on show. He was twice an exhibitor at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, one of the largest provincial galleries in the country, and another at the Manchester Art Gallery, a Victorian institution later part of the public libraries. But at heart, Shepard was a Londoner, showing sixteen times at the Royal Academy on Piccadilly. His wife, who was also a painter, found a home in London's West End venue for her own modest output during a 25-year career.[8]

In his mid-thirties when World War I broke out in 1914, Shepard received a commission as a second lieutenant in the Royal Garrison Artillery, an arm of the Royal Artillery. He was assigned to the 105th Siege Battery, which crossed to France in May 1916 and went into action at the Battle of the Somme.[9][10][11][12]

By the autumn of 1916, Shepard started working for the Intelligence Department sketching the combat area within the view of his battery position.[13][14] On 16 February 1917, he was made an acting captain whilst second-in-command of his battery, and briefly served as an acting major in late April and early May of that year during the Battle of Arras before reverting to acting captain.[10][15][16][17] He was promoted to substantive lieutenant on 1 July 1917.[18] Whilst acting as captain, he was awarded the Military Cross. His citation read:[19]

For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. As forward Observation Officer he continued to observe and send back valuable information, in spite of heavy shell and machine gun fire. His courage and coolness were conspicuous.

Later in 1917, the 105th Siege Battery participated in the final stages of the Battle of Passchendaele where it came under heavy fire and suffered a number of casualties.[10][20] At the end of the year, it was sent to help retrieve a disastrous situation on the Italian Front, travelling by rail via Verona before coming into action on the Montello Hill.[10][15]

Shepard missed the Second Battle of the Piave River in April 1918, being on leave in England (where he was invested with his MC by King George V at Buckingham Palace) and where he was attending a gunnery course.[21] He was back in Italy with his battery for the victory at Vittorio Veneto.[10][22] After the Armistice of Villa Giusti in November 1918, Shepard was promoted to acting major in command of the battery, and given the duty of administering captured enemy guns. Demobilisation began at Christmas 1918 and the 105th Siege Battery was disbanded in March 1919.[10][23][24]

Throughout the war, he had been contributing to Punch. He was hired as a regular staff cartoonist in 1921 and became lead cartoonist in 1945. He was removed from this post in 1953 by Punch's new editor, Malcolm Muggeridge.[25] His work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.[26]

Shepard was recommended to A. A. Milne in 1923 by another Punch staffer, E. V. Lucas. Milne initially thought Shepard's style was not what he wanted, but used him to illustrate the book of poems When We Were Very Young. Happy with the results, Milne then insisted Shepard illustrate Winnie-the-Pooh. Realising his illustrator's contribution to the book's success, the writer arranged for Shepard to receive a share of his royalties. Milne also inscribed a copy of Winnie-the-Pooh with the following personal verse:[27]

When I am gone,
Let Shepard decorate my tomb,
And put (if there is room)
Two pictures on the stone:
Piglet from page a hundred and eleven,
And Pooh and Piglet walking (157) ...
And Peter, thinking that they are my own,
Will welcome me to Heaven.

Eventually Shepard came to resent "that silly old bear" as he felt that the Pooh illustrations overshadowed his other work.[28]

Shepard modelled Pooh not on the toy owned by Milne's son Christopher Robin but on "Growler", a stuffed bear owned by his own son.[29] (Growler no longer exists, having been given to his granddaughter Minnie Hunt and subsequently destroyed by a neighbour's dog.)[30] His Pooh work is so famous that 300 of his preliminary sketches were exhibited at the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1969, when he was 90 years old.[31]

A Shepard painting of Winnie the Pooh, believed to have been painted in the 1930s for a Bristol teashop,[32] is his only known oil painting of the famous teddy bear. It was purchased at an auction for $243,000 in London late in 2000.[33] The painting is displayed in the Pavilion Gallery at Assiniboine Park in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, the city after which Winnie is named.[34]

Shepard wrote two autobiographies: Drawn from Memory (1957) and Drawn From Life (1961).[35][36]

In 1972, Shepard gave his personal collection of papers and illustrations to the University of Surrey. These now form the E.H. Shepard Archive.[37]

Shepard was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1972 Birthday Honours.[38]

Personal life

[edit]
Shepard's grave at St Peter's Church, Lodsworth

Shepard lived at Melina Place in St John's Wood[39] and from 1955 in Lodsworth, West Sussex. He and Florence had two children, Graham (born 1907) and Mary (born 1909),[40] who both became illustrators. Lt. Graham Shepard died when his ship HMS Polyanthus was sunk by German submarine U-952 in September 1943. Mary married E.V. Knox, the editor of Punch, and became known as the illustrator of the Mary Poppins series of children's books. Florence Shepard died in 1927. In November 1943 Shepard married Norah Carroll, a nurse at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. They remained married until his death on 24 March 1976.[41] In 1966, he called the short film Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree a travesty.[42]

Works illustrated

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Original Winnie-the-Pooh map sets world record at auction". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Winnie-the-Pooh's Original Hundred Acre Wood Sells for £430,000". Sotheby's. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
  3. ^ "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31675. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ Chandler, Arthur R. (2000). E.H. Shepard, The Man Who Drew Pooh. Winkinswood Farm, West Sussex, UK: Jaydem Books. pp. 27–31, 168. ISBN 978-1-903368-02-2.
  5. ^ Chandler (2000), p. 33.
  6. ^ Chandler (2000), p. 37.
  7. ^ Chandler (2000), p. 51.
  8. ^ Johnson and Greutzner, p. 457.
  9. ^ "No. 29405". The London Gazette. 17 December 1915. p. 12570.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Shepard's summary of 105th Siege Battery's service, in Campbell, pp. 122–5.
  11. ^ Campbell, pp. 32, 66–71.
  12. ^ Chandler (2000), p. 59.
  13. ^ Chandler (2000), p. 69.
  14. ^ Campbell, p. 66.
  15. ^ a b Campbell, pp. 75–80.
  16. ^ "No. 30051". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 May 1917. p. 4315.
  17. ^ "No. 30383". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 November 1917. p. 11818.
  18. ^ "No. 30315". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 September 1917. p. 10142.
  19. ^ "No. 30188". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 July 1917. p. 7244.
  20. ^ Campbell, pp. 80–9.
  21. ^ Campbell, pp. 98–9.
  22. ^ Campbell, pp. 99–104.
  23. ^ Campbell, pp. 106–19.
  24. ^ Bryant, Mark. World War I in Cartoons. London: Grub Street Pub, 2006, page 9, ISBN 190494356X.
  25. ^ "E.H. Shepard | Winnie the Pooh". 4 January 2014. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  26. ^ "E. H. Shepard". Olympedia. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  27. ^ "EH Shepard: The Man Who Drew Pooh - Winnie-the-Pooh - Icons of England". 20 April 2010. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  28. ^ "The man who hated Pooh". BBC News. 6 March 2006. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  29. ^ Flood, Alison (4 September 2017). "The real Winnie-the-Pooh revealed to have been 'Growler'". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 September 2017. With sketch based on Growler.
  30. ^ Chandler (2000), p. 92.
  31. ^ Howard, Philip (16 December 1969). "Show at Pooh Corner". The Times. No. 57744.
  32. ^ "Pooh Corner: BIOGRAPHIES: E.H. SHEPARD". pooh-corner.com. 9 October 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  33. ^ "Winnipeg outbids art lovers for Pooh painting". CBC News Canada. 16 November 2000. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  34. ^ "Art in the Park – Pavilion Gallery Museum Collections". Assiniboine Park. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  35. ^ Shepard, Ernest H. (1957). Drawn from Memory. London: Methuen.
  36. ^ Shepard, Ernest H. (1961). Drawn from Life. London: Methuen.
  37. ^ "The E.H. Shepard Archive". University of Surrey. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
  38. ^ "No. 45678". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1972. p. 12.
  39. ^ "More homes with literary credentials". Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014.
  40. ^ Millie Arnet; Michelle Frisque; Beth Kean; Elizabeth T. Mahoney. "Resource Guide – Ernest Howard Shepard". The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room Illustrators Project. University of Pittsburgh ULS. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
  41. ^ Knox, Rawle, ed. (1979). The Work of E. H. Shepard. Methuen, Limited. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-416-86770-1. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  42. ^ Holliss, Richard; Sibley, Brian (1988). The Disney Studio Story. Octopus. ISBN 9780706430400.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Chandler (2000), pp. 172–174.
  44. ^ Fortescue, Winifred; Shepard, Ernest H (1935). Perfume from Provence. Place of publication not identified: Transworld. OCLC 734034786.
  45. ^ Squire, John, ed. (2018). Cheddar Gorge: A Book of English Cheeses (Reprint of 1937 ed.). London: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780008314293.
  46. ^ "Results for 'au:Shepard, Ernest H.' > '1937'". WorldCat. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  47. ^ "Country Life". October 1955: 834. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  48. ^ The secret garden (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]. OCLC 7788923. Retrieved 16 January 2018 – via worldcat.org.
  49. ^ Royal reflections : stories for children (Book, 1956) [WorldCat.org]. OCLC 30199857. Retrieved 16 January 2018 – via worldcat.org.

Primary sources

[edit]

Secondary sources

[edit]
  • Arnet, Millie; Frisque, Michelle; Kean, Beth; Mahoney, Elizabeth T. "Resource Guide – Ernest Howard Shepard". The Elizabeth Nesbitt Room Illustrators Project. University of Pittsburgh ULS. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
  • Campbell, James, Shepard's War: E.H. Shepard, The Man who Drew Winnie-the-Pooh, London: LOM Art, 2015, ISBN 978-1-910552-10-0.
  • Chandler, Arthur R. (2000). E.H. Shepard, The Man Who Drew Pooh. Winkinswood Farm, West Sussex, UK: Jaydem Books. ISBN 978-1-903368-02-2.
  • Johnson, J.; Greutzner, A. (1988). The Dictionary of British Artists 1880-1940: An Antique Collector's Club Research Project listing 41,000 artists. Woodbridge, Suffolk.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Articles

  • Howard, Philip (16 December 1969). "Show at Pooh Corner". The Times (#(57744)).
[edit]
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