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In English, the euro sign—like the [[dollar sign]] ($) and the [[pound sign]] (£)—is placed before the figure, unspaced,<ref>[http://www.translationdirectory.com/article167.htm Article on linguistics: Currency units], TranslationDirectory.com. Retrieved 25 June 2008.</ref> as used by publications such as the ''[[Financial Times]]'' and ''[[The Economist]]''.<ref>[http://www.economist.com/style-guide/currencies Economist.com Research Tools: Style Guide], TranslationDirectory.com. Retrieved 16 April 2012.</ref> When written out, "euro" is placed after the value in lower case; the plural is used for two or more units, and euro cents are indicated with a point, not a comma, e.g., ''1.50 euro'', ''14 euros''.
In English, the euro sign—like the [[dollar sign]] ($) and the [[pound sign]] (£)—is placed before the figure, unspaced,<ref>[http://www.translationdirectory.com/article167.htm Article on linguistics: Currency units], TranslationDirectory.com. Retrieved 25 June 2008.</ref> as used by publications such as the ''[[Financial Times]]'' and ''[[The Economist]]''.<ref>[http://www.economist.com/style-guide/currencies Economist.com Research Tools: Style Guide], TranslationDirectory.com. Retrieved 16 April 2012.</ref> When written out, "euro" is placed after the value in lower case; the plural is used for two or more units, and euro cents are indicated with a point, not a comma, e.g., ''1.50 euro'', ''14 euros''.


Sums are often expressed as decimals of the euro (for example €0.10). Incl. "¢" (particularly in Germany, Spain, Italy and Lithuania), "snt." (Finland) and [[Λ]] (the capital letter ''[[lambda]]'' for Λεπτό ("Leptó)" in Greece): 10¢/10Λ/10 cent./10 snt.
Sums are often expressed as decimals of the euro (for example €0.10). Incl. "ct." (particularly in Germany, Spain, Italy and Lithuania), "snt." (Finland) and [[Λ]] (the capital letter ''[[lambda]]'' for Λεπτό ("Leptó)" in Greece): 10 ct./10Λ/10 cent./10 snt.
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[[File:The Europa series 50 € reverse side.png|thumb|right|Euro sign in the top left corner on a [[50 euro note|€50]] banknote reverse]]
[[File:The Europa series 50 € reverse side.png|thumb|right|Euro sign in the top left corner on a [[50 euro note|€50]] banknote reverse]]


In Standerd English:
In Standerd English:
*€0.10/10¢ (amount)
*€0.10/10ct. (amount)
*€-0.10 (negative)
*€-0.10 (negative)
*-€0.10 (discount)
*-€0.10 (discount)

Revision as of 17:43, 27 April 2019

The euro sign; logotype and handwritten
The euro sign
Punctuation marks
apostrophe ’  '
brackets [ ]  ( )  { }  ⟨ ⟩
colon :
comma ,
dashes ‒  –  —  ―
ellipses …  ...  . . .  ⋯
exclamation marks ! ¡
full stop, period .
hyphens ‐ -
interpunct ·
interrobangs ‽ ⸘
question marks ? ¿
quotation marks ‘ ’  “ ”  ' '  " "
‹ ›  « »
semicolon ;
slash, stroke, solidus /
In other scripts
Related
Category

The euro sign (€) is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the European Union (EU) and some non-EU countries (Kosovo and Montenegro). The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996. It consists of a stylized letter E (or epsilon), crossed by two lines instead of one. The character is encoded in Unicode at U+20AC € EURO SIGN (&euro;). In English, the sign precedes the value (for instance, €10, not 10 €, unlike most other European languages). In some style guides, the euro sign is not spaced (10€).

Design

Official graphic construction of the euro logo
The euro design featured in the Windows font Comic Sans originally had a cartoon eye inside a serif. This was removed to make the symbol fit character-width restrictions because of its use with numerals.[1] It was jokingly commented to be the result of potential legal action by the EU.[2]
Euro sign - minimalism art

The euro currency sign was designed to be similar in structure to the old sign for the European Currency Unit (Encoded as U+20A0 ₠ EURO-CURRENCY SIGN). There were originally 32 proposals; these were reduced to ten candidates. These ten were put to a public survey. After the survey had narrowed the original ten proposals down to two, it was up to the European Commission to choose the final design. The other designs that were considered are not available for the public to view, nor is any information regarding the designers available for public query. The European Commission considers the process of designing to have been internal and keeps these records secret. The eventual winner was a design created by a team of four experts whose identities have not been revealed. It is assumed that the Belgian graphic designer Alain Billiet was the winner and thus the designer of the euro sign.[3]

Inspiration for the € symbol itself came from the Greek epsilon (ϵ) – a reference to the cradle of European civilization – and the first letter of the word Europe, crossed by two parallel lines to ‘certify’ the stability of the euro.

— European Commission[4]

The official story of the design history of the euro sign is disputed by Arthur Eisenmenger, a former chief graphic designer for the European Economic Community, who claims he had the idea prior to the European Commission.[5]

The European Commission specified a euro logo with exact proportions and colours (PMS Yellow foreground, PMS Reflex Blue background[4]), for use in public-relations material related to the euro introduction. While the Commission intended the logo to be a prescribed glyph shape, type designers made it clear that they intended to design their own variants instead.[6]

Use on computers

Generating the euro sign using a computer depends on the operating system and national conventions. Some mobile phone companies issued an interim software update for their special SMS character set, replacing the less-frequent Japanese yen sign with the euro sign. Later mobile phones have both currency signs.

The euro is represented in the Unicode character set with the character name EURO SIGN and the code position U+20AC (decimal 8364) as well as in updated versions of the traditional Latin character set encodings.[7][8] In HTML, the &euro; entity can also be used.

The euro sign in a selection of fonts

An implicit character encoding, along with the fact that the code position of the euro sign is different in common encoding schemes, led to many problems displaying the euro sign in computer applications. While displaying the euro sign is no problem as long as only one system is used (provided an up-to-date font with the proper glyph is available), mixed setups often produced errors. One example is a content management system where articles are stored in a database using a different character set than the editor's computer. Another is legacy software which could only handle older encodings such as ISO 8859-1 that contained no euro sign at all. In such situations, character set conversions had to be made, often introducing conversion errors such as a question mark (?) being displayed instead of a euro sign.

Care has been taken to avoid replacing an existing obsolete currency sign with the euro sign. That could create different currency signs for sender and receiver in e-mails or web sites, with confusions about business agreements as a result.

Entry methods

Depending on keyboard layout and the operating system, the symbol can be entered as:

  • AltGr+4 (UK/IRL)
  • AltGr+5 (US INTL/ESP)
  • AltGr+E (BEL/ESP/FRA/GER/ITA/POR/CZE/EST/LTU/SWE)
  • AltGr+U (HU/PL)
  • Ctrl+Alt+4 (UK/IRL)
  • Ctrl+Alt+5 (US INTL/ESP)
  • Ctrl+Alt+e in Microsoft Word in United States layout
  • Alt+0128 in Microsoft Windows (depends on system locale setting)[a]
  • Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u followed by 20ac in Chrome OS, and in other operating systems using IBus.
  • Ctrl+k followed by =e in the Vim text editor
  1. ^ Alt+0128 is the correct alt code for the Euro under most system locale settings. Under Cyrillic-based system locale settings (using Windows code page 1251), Alt+0136 must be used. Neither will work under Japanese (932), Korean (949) or Traditional Chinese (950) system locale settings.

On the macOS operating system, a variety of key combinations are used depending on the keyboard layout, for example:

  • ⌥ Option+2 in British layout
  • ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift+2 in United States layout
  • ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift+5 in Slovenian layout
  • ⌥ Option+$ in French layout[9]
  • ⌥ Option+E in German, Spanish and Italian layout
  • ⇧ Shift+4 in Swedish layout

The Compose key sequence for the euro sign is =E.

Use

See also: Linguistic issues concerning the euro
A euro light sculpture at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt

Placement of the sign also varies. Countries have generated varying conventions or sustained those of their former currencies. For example, in Ireland and the Netherlands, where previous currency signs (£ and ƒ, respectively) were placed before the figure, the euro sign is universally placed in the same position.[10] In many other countries, including France, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Latvia[11] and Lithuania, an amount such as €3.50.

The European Union did indeed usher a guideline on the use of the euro sign, stating it should be placed in front of the amount without any space in English, but after the amount in most other languages.[12][13][14][15][16]

In English, the euro sign—like the dollar sign ($) and the pound sign (£)—is placed before the figure, unspaced,[17] as used by publications such as the Financial Times and The Economist.[18] When written out, "euro" is placed after the value in lower case; the plural is used for two or more units, and euro cents are indicated with a point, not a comma, e.g., 1.50 euro, 14 euros.

Sums are often expressed as decimals of the euro (for example €0.10). Incl. "ct." (particularly in Germany, Spain, Italy and Lithuania), "snt." (Finland) and Λ (the capital letter lambda for Λεπτό ("Leptó)" in Greece): 10 ct./10Λ/10 cent./10 snt.

Euro sign in the top left corner on a €50 banknote reverse

In Standerd English:

  • €0.10/10ct. (amount)
  • €-0.10 (negative)
  • -€0.10 (discount)

See also

References

  1. ^ Connaire  🇪🇺, Vincent ✍🏽 (26 October 2017). "Monitery symbols are used with numerals; all are on a figure width, the same as the zero. EU's euro would not work on a figure width.https://twitter.com/valio_ch/status/923477297763684352 …". {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help); no-break space character in |last= at position 10 (help); no-break space character in |title= at position 189 (help)
  2. ^ Connare, Vincent. "Keynote: From the Dark Side… Speak to Me". Ampersand Conference 2011. Archived from the original on 2 July 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Belg Alain Billiet ontwierp het euroteken" [The Belgian Alain Billet designed the euro sign]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 10 October 2001. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b "European Commission – Economic and Financial Affairs – How to use the euro name and symbol". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  5. ^ Connolly, Kate (23 December 2001). "Observer | Inventor who coined euro sign fights for recognition". London: Observer.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  6. ^ Typographers discuss the euro, from December 1996.
  7. ^ For details please see the Western Latin character sets (computing)
  8. ^ For Eastern European character set Latin 10 with the euro sign, please see ISO/IEC 8859-16
  9. ^ Mac OS: How to type the Euro glyph, Apple Technical Report TA26547 (11 September 2003).
  10. ^ Euro: valutateken voor of achter het bedrag?, Nederlandse Taalunie. Retrieved 21 December 2006.
  11. ^ "Pareizrakstības nodarbības #8. Eiro simbola pareiza rakstīšana. Otrā daļa - - Mr. Serge". mrserge.lv. 29 April 2014.
  12. ^ OP/B.3/CRI, Publications Office -. "Publications Office — Interinstitutional style guide — 7.3.3. Rules for expressing monetary units". publications.europa.eu.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ http://publications.europa.eu/code/de/de-370303.htm.htm#position
  14. ^ http://publications.europa.eu/code/es/es-370303.htm.htm#position
  15. ^ http://publications.europa.eu/code/fr/fr-370303.htm.htm#position
  16. ^ http://publications.europa.eu/code/it/it-370303.htm.htm#position
  17. ^ Article on linguistics: Currency units, TranslationDirectory.com. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
  18. ^ Economist.com Research Tools: Style Guide, TranslationDirectory.com. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
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