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* [http://www.souvenirworldja.com/chessworld/playbetter/Technical_Articles/worldchamps/lasker/lasker.htm Another Lasker biography]
* [http://www.souvenirworldja.com/chessworld/playbetter/Technical_Articles/worldchamps/lasker/lasker.htm Another Lasker biography]
* [http://www.100bestwebsites.org/lcm-jan1905.htm Lasker's Chess Magazine, January 1905 edition, excerpts]
* [http://www.100bestwebsites.org/lcm-jan1905.htm Lasker's Chess Magazine, January 1905 edition, excerpts]
*{{citation
| editor-last=Singer | editor-first=Isidore | editor-link=Isidore Singer
| last1=Jacobs | first1=Joseph | author1-link=Joseph Jacobs
| last2=Porter | first2=A.
| year=1901–1906 | title=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]
| contribution=[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=84&letter=L Lasker, Emanuel]
| volume=7 | pages=622–3}}


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Revision as of 21:45, 6 December 2007

Emanuel Lasker
Full nameEmanuel Lasker
Country Germany
TitleGrandmaster
World Champion1894-1921

Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess World Chess Champion and grandmaster, mathematician, and philosopher born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland).

Chess champion

In 1894 he became the second World Chess Champion by defeating Steinitz with ten wins, four draws and five losses. He maintained this title for 27 years, the longest tenure of any officially recognized World Champion of chess.

Lasker defended his title successfully in a rematch against Steinitz (1896), then virtually retired for seven years to concentrate on his mathematics studies.[1]

He returned to regular play in 1904, and successfully defended his title against Frank Marshall (1907, +8-0=7), Siegbert Tarrasch (1908, +8-3=5), Carl Schlechter (1910, +1-1=8), and David Janowski (1910, +8-0=3).

His great tournament wins include London (1899), St Petersburg (1896 and 1914), and New York (1924).

In 1921, he lost the title to Capablanca. Negotiations had begun as early as 1912,[2] but had been interrupted by World War I. In 1920 Lasker offered to resign his title to Capablanca, but Capablanca wanted to beat Lasker in a match. Lasker lost with the score of 5 points out of 14 without scoring a single win.

In 1933, the Jewish Lasker and his wife Martha Kohn had to leave Germany because of the Nazis. They went to England and, after a subsequent short stay (1935-1937) in the USSR (where Lasker renounced his German citizenship and received Soviet citizenship)[3], they settled in New York, where he resided for the rest of his life.

Lasker is noted for his "psychological" method of play in which he considered the subjective qualities of his opponent, in addition to the objective requirements of his position on the board. Richard Réti even speculated that Lasker would sometimes knowingly choose inferior moves if he knew they would make his opponent uncomfortable. However Lasker himself denied this, and most modern writers agree.[4]

The famous last round win against Capablanca (St. Petersburg, 1914), which Lasker needed to win the tournament, is sometimes offered as evidence of his "psychological" style, but Vladimir Kramnik argues that his play in this game demonstrated deep positional understanding, rather than psychology.[5] Nevertheless, that game can be seen as a microcosm of Lasker's style; he invested little study in the opening, was tremendously resourceful in the middlegame and played the endgame at the highest level. Indeed, even when Lasker was in his late 60s, Capablanca considered him the most dangerous player around in any single game.

One of Lasker's most famous games is Lasker - Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, in which he sacrificed both bishops in a maneuver later repeated in a number of games. Some opening variations are named after him, for example Lasker's Defense (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e3 O-O 6.Nf3 h6 7.Bh4 Ne4) to the Queen's Gambit.

In 1895, he introduced a line that effectively ended the popular Evans Gambit in tournament play (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Ba5 6.d4 d6 7.0-0 Bb6 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.Qxd8+ Nxd8 10.Nxe5 Be6). Lasker's line curbs White's aggressive intentions and, according to Reuben Fine, the resulting simplified position "is psychologically depressing for the gambit player."

Emanuel Lasker and his brother, 1907

Mathematician

Lasker was also a distinguished mathematician. He performed his doctoral studies at Erlangen from 1900 to 1902 under David Hilbert. His doctoral thesis, Über Reihen auf der Convergenzgrenze, was published in Philosophical Transactions in 1901.

Lasker introduced the concept of a primary ideal, which extends the notion of a power of a prime number to algebraic geometry. He is most famous for his 1905 paper Zur Theorie der Moduln und Ideale, which appeared in Mathematische Annalen. In this paper, he established what is now known as the Lasker-Noether theorem for the special case of ideals in polynomial rings.

Other facets of his life

He was also a philosopher, and a good friend of Albert Einstein. Later in life he became an ardent humanitarian, and wrote passionately about the need for inspiring and structured education for the stabilization and security of mankind. He also took up bridge and became a master at it, in addition to studying Go.

He invented Lasca, a draughts-like game, where instead of removing captured pieces from the board, they are stacked underneath the capturer.

The poet Else Lasker-Schüler was his sister-in-law.

Edward Lasker, the American International Master, engineer, and author, claimed that he was related to Emanuel Lasker. They played together in the great 1924 New York tournament.

Notable chess games

Publications

  • Lasker's Chess Magazine, OCLC 5002324, 1904-1907.[6]
  • Lasker's Manual of Chess, 1925, was as famous in chess circles for its philosophical tone as for its content.

Quotations

  • "The acquisition of harmonious education is comparable to the production and the elevation of an organism harmoniously built. The one is fed by blood, the other one by the spirit; but Life, equally mysterious, creative, powerful, flows through either." — from Manual of Chess

Further reading

  • World chess champions by Edward G. Winter, editor. 19981 ISBN 0-08-024094-1
  • J. Hannak, Emanuel Lasker: The Life of a Chess Master (1952, reprinted by Dover, 1991. Albert Einstein wrote the foreword to this book.). ISBN 0-486-26706-7
  • Ken Whyld, The Collected Games of Emanuel Lasker (The Chess Player, 1998)
  • Twelve Great Chess Players and Their Best Games by Irving Chernev; Dover; August 1995. ISBN 0-486-28674-6

References

  1. ^ "From Morphy to Fischer" (Israel Horowitz, Batsford, 1973), p.54
  2. ^ "From Morphy to Fischer" (Israel Horowitz, Batsford, 1973), p.68-70
  3. ^ Litmanowicz, Władysław & Giżycki, Jerzy (1986, 1987). Szachy od A do Z. Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka Warszawa. ISBN 83-217-2481-7 (1. A-M), ISBN 83-217-2745-x (2. N-Z). {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Review of "Why Lasker Matters", by Andy Soltis, reviewed by John L. Watson
  5. ^ Kramnik Interview: From Steinitz to Kasparov
  6. ^ Bill Wall. "Dr. Emanuel Lasker (1868-1941)". Retrieved 2007-08-03.
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