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{{Short description|Large Slovakian shepherd's flute}}
{{Infobox Instrument
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=The Fujara
| name = Fujara
|image=Fujaro ludado tuta bildo.jpg|230px
| image = Fujaro ludado tuta bildo.jpg
| background = woodwind
|classification=[[Aerophone]]
| classification = [[Aerophone]]
[[Wind instrument|Wind]]
⚫
| related=
[[Woodwind instrument|Woodwind]]
⚫
|related=
*[[Koncovka]]
*[[Koncovka]]
*[[Three-hole pipe|Tabor pipe]]
*[[Three-hole pipe|Tabor pipe]]
*[[Recorder (musical instrument)|Recorder]]
*[[Recorder (musical instrument)|Recorder]]
*[[Willow flute]]
*[[Willow flute]]
*Kalyuka}}
*[[Kalyuka]]
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| ICH = Fujara and its music
| State Party = Slovakia
| ID = 00099
| Region = ENA
| Year = 2008
| Session = 3rd
| List = Representative
}}


The '''fujara''' ({{IPA-cs|ˈfujɑrɑ|sl}})<ref>The ''ad hoc'' pronunciation in the UNESCO video, {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|uː|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|r|ɑː}}, is incorrect.</ref> originated in central Slovakia as a large sophisticated folk [[Shepherd|shepherd's]] [[overtone flute|overtone]] [[fipple flute]] of unique design. It is technically a contrabass instrument in the [[Three-hole pipe|tabor pipe]] class.
The '''fujara''' ({{IPA-sk|ˈfujara}})<ref>The ''ad hoc'' pronunciation in the UNESCO video, {{IPAc-en|f|uː|ˈ|dʒ|ɑː|r|ɑː}}, is incorrect.</ref> is a large [[wind instrument]] of the [[Three-hole pipe|tabor pipe]] class. It originated in central [[Slovakia]] as a sophisticated folk [[Shepherd|shepherd's]] [[overtone flute|overtone]] [[fipple flute]] of unique design in the [[contrabass]] range.


Ranging from 160 to 200 cm long (5'3" - 6'6")<ref name=UNESCO>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00099&topic=desc "The Fujara and its Music": Description, Slideshow, Video], [[UNESCO]], 2005, 2008. (Accessed 2012-08-12)
Ranging from 160 to 200&nbsp;cm long (5'3" &ndash; 6'6")<ref name=UNESCO>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/search-00795?q=fujara "The Fujara and its Music": Description, Slideshow, Video], [[UNESCO]], 2005, 2008. (Accessed 2012-08-12)
</ref> and tuned in [[A major|A]], [[G major|G]], and [[F major|F]]. It has three [[tone hole]]s located on the lower part of the main body. The sound is produced by a fipple at the upper end of the main body of the fujara. The air is led to the fipple through a smaller parallel pipe, called ''vzduchovod'' in [[slovak language|Slovak]] (meaning "air channel"), mounted on the main body of the instrument. While it is possible to play the [[fundamental frequency]] on fujaras,<ref>{{cite web |title=Fujara fingering technique |url=http://www.fujara.sk/play/fingering_technique.htm |accessdate=2006-09-28}}</ref> the normal playing technique is based on overblowing the instrument. Because of its [[aspect ratio]] (great length versus small internal diameter), the [[overtone]]s created permit one to play a [[diatonic scale]] using only the three tone holes. The fujara is played standing, with the instrument held vertically, usually braced against the right thigh.
</ref> and tuned in [[A major|A]], [[G major|G]], or [[F major|F]]. It has three [[tone hole]]s (also called ''finger holes'') located on the lower part of the main body. The sound is produced by a [[fipple]] at the upper end of the main body of the fujara. The air is led to the fipple through a smaller parallel pipe, called ''vzduchovod'' in [[slovak language|Slovak]] (meaning "air channel"), mounted on the main body of the instrument. While it is possible to play the [[fundamental frequency]] on fujaras,<ref>{{cite web |title=Fujara fingering technique |url=http://www.fujara.sk/play/fingering_technique.htm |access-date=2006-09-28}}</ref> the normal playing technique is based on overblowing the instrument. Because of the high [[aspect ratio]] of the sound chamber (great length versus small internal diameter), the player can use [[overtone]]s to play a [[diatonic scale]] using only the three tone holes. The fujara is typically played while standing, with the instrument held vertically and usually braced against the right thigh.


==Technique and role==
==Technique and role==
[[File:Ľubomír Párička gra na fujarze.webm|thumb|Slovak musician and instrument maker Ľubomír Párička plays the fujara]]
[[File:Bratislava Hauptplatz.jpg|thumb|upright|A fujara player.]]
⚫
The atypical design produces a deep, meditative [[timbre]]. [[Ornament (music)|Ornaments]] are traditionally added to the base melodies, which usually occur in the [[Mixolydian mode]]. Two common types of ornaments are ''prefuk'', the rapid overblowing of a single note (from Slovak {{lang|sk|prefukovať}} 'to overblow'), and ''rozfuk'', a descending cascade of overtones (from Slovak {{lang|sk|rozfúkať}} 'to scatter by blowing').


⚫
Traditionally, the fujara was played by shepherds for recreation. Today, the fujara has moved from the shepherds' fields to the stage of folk festivals in the Slovak towns of [[Východná]] and [[Detva]]. The instrument has also left Slovakia and is played all over the world; particularly by [[Fan (person)|aficionados]] of native flutes in western Europe and North America. Despite this, the fujara has yet to gain popularity or much recognition outside of Slovakia. Most often the fujara is a solo instrument, but ensembles of two or three fujaras have been known, such as the Kubinec family or the Javorová Húžva trio.
⚫
The atypical design produces a deep, meditative [[timbre]]. [[Ornament (music)|Ornaments]] are traditionally added to the base melodies, which usually occur in the [[mixolydian mode]]. Two common types of ornaments are ''prefuk'', the rapid overblowing of a single note, from the {{lang-sk|prefukovať}}, to overblow; and ''rozfuk'', a descending cascade of overtones, from the {{lang-sk|rozfúkať}}, to scatter.


⚫
The fujara was added to the [[UNESCO]] list of [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smeets |first=Rieks |title=Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001473/147344e.pdf |access-date=2008-07-01 |year=2006 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |chapter=The Fujara and its Music |page=86}}<br />UNESCO has also provided a web page showing information about the fujara, but it "has no official status":
⚫
Traditionally, the fujara was played by shepherds for recreation. Today, the fujara has moved from the shepherds' fields to the stage of folk festivals in the Slovak towns of [[Východná]] and [[Detva]]. The instrument has also left Slovakia and is played all over the world; particularly by [[Fan (person)|aficionados]] of native flutes in Western Europe and North America. Despite this, the Fujara has yet to gain popularity or much recognition outside of Slovakia. Most often the fujara is a solo instrument, but ensembles of two or three fujaras have been known to exist, such as the Kubinec family or the Javorová Húžva trio.
⚫
*{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/intangible-heritage/37eur_uk.htm |title=Proclamation 2005: "The Fujara and its Music" |access-date=2008-07-01 |last=Minasyan |first=Anahit |date=2006-03-24 |work=Slovakia - Information related to Intangible Cultural Heritage |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> "The Fujara and its Music" was added to the [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] in 2008 by [[UNESCO]].<ref name=UNESCO />

⚫
The fujara was proclaimed in the [[UNESCO]] list of [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite book |last=Smeets |first=Rieks |title=Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001473/147344e.pdf |accessdate=2008-07-01 |year=2006 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |chapter=The Fujara and its Music |page=86}}<br />UNESCO has also provided a web page showing information about the Fujara, but it "has no official status":
⚫
*{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?cp=SK |title=Proclamation 2005: "The Fujara and its Music" |accessdate=2008-07-01 |last=Minasyan |first=Anahit |date=2006-03-24 |work=Slovakia - Information related to Intangible Cultural Heritage |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> "The Fujara and its Music" was inscribed on the [[Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity]] in 2008 by [[UNESCO]].<ref name=UNESCO />


==See also==
==See also==
Line 33: Line 44:


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Eischek |first=Oskár |title=Fujara: The Slovak Queen of European Flutes |year=2006 |publisher=Hudobné centrum |location=Bratislava |isbn=978-80-88884-91-0}}
*{{cite book |last=Eischek |first=Oskár |title=Fujara: The Slovak Queen of European Flutes |year=2006 |publisher=Hudobné centrum |location=Bratislava |isbn=978-80-88884-91-0}}
*{{cite book |first=Rod |last=Garnett |year=2004 |title=Flutes of Slovakia: fujara, koncovka, šesťdierková píšťalka and dvojačka |location=[[Laramie, Wyoming]] |publisher=[[University of Wyoming]] |pages=8–10 |oclc=55993856}}
*{{cite book |first=Rod |last=Garnett |year=2004 |title=Flutes of Slovakia: fujara, koncovka, šesťdierková píšťalka and dvojačka |location=[[Laramie, Wyoming]] |publisher=[[University of Wyoming]] |pages=8–10 |oclc=55993856}}
*{{cite conference |url=http://www.loc.gov/folklife/events/BotkinArchives/Botkin2010.html#may27 |title=Folk Music from the Slovak Mountains: Lecture/Demonstration of the ''Fujara'' and Other Overtone Flutes |first1=Bohuslav |last1=Rychlik |author2=[[American Musical Instrument Society]] |date=May 27, 2010 |conference=Benjamin Botkin Folklife Lecture Series |publisher=[[American Folklife Center]] |location=[[Thomas Jefferson Building]]}}
*{{cite conference |url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/events/BotkinArchives/Botkin2010.html#may27 |title=Folk Music from the Slovak Mountains: Lecture/Demonstration of the ''Fujara'' and Other Overtone Flutes |first1=Bohuslav (Bob) |last1=Rychlik |author2=American Musical Instrument Society |author2-link=American Musical Instrument Society |date=May 27, 2010 |conference=Benjamin Botkin Folklife Lecture Series |publisher=[[American Folklife Center]] |location=[[Thomas Jefferson Building]]}}
*{{cite book |first1=Roman |last1=Malatinec |first2=Igor |last2=Danihel |first3=Oskár |last3=Elschek |first4=Bernard |last4=Garaj |first5=Miroslav Ruttkay |last5=Dauko |year=2004 |title=Fujara – musical instrument and its music |url=http://ethnomusicology.eu/domains/9n3zqt3dno/my_files/Fujara/Book_UNESCO_min.pdf |location=Bratislava |publisher=Pro Musica |access-date=2018-12-28 |archive-date=2018-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820153647/http://ethnomusicology.eu/domains/9n3zqt3dno/my_files/Fujara/Book_UNESCO_min.pdf |url-status=dead }}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Fujara}}
*[http://www.fujara.sk/ www.Fujara.sk, also contains samples]
*[http://www.fujaraflutes.com/ www.Fujaraflutes.com, also contains samples]
*[http://www.fujara.sk/ www.Fujara.sk] Fujjara samples
*[http://www.fujara.ch/ www.Fujara.ch, also contains samples]
*[http://www.fujaraflutes.com/ www.Fujaraflutes.com] Fujara samples
*[http://www.dusafujary.sk/ www.Dusafujary.sk, also contains samples]
*[http://www.tradicnepistaly.sk/EN/fujara.html www.tradicnepistaly.sk] Fujara and other traditional Slovak instruments
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y5fonktBzQ/ www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Y5fonktBzQ] Demonstration of fujara and koncovka
*[http://www.fujara.ru/ www.Fujara.ru, contains video and audio]
*[http://www.asza.com/ifujara.shtml ASZA.com: Fujara] - Photo and description
*[http://www.usd.edu/smm/Exhibitions/Muzika/MuzikaFujara.html Fujara page]
*[http://www.tradicnepistaly.sk/EN/fujara.html www.tradicnepistaly.sk - Fujara and other traditional Slovak instruments]


{{Flutes}}
{{Flutes}}
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible Eastern Europe}}
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible Eastern Europe}}
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}
{{UNESCO Oral and Intangible music}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Internal fipple flutes]]
[[Category:Internal fipple flutes]]

Latest revision as of 16:51, 26 January 2024

Fujara
Woodwind instrument
Classification Aerophone
Related instruments
Fujara and its music
CountrySlovakia
Reference00099
RegionEurope and North America
Inscription history
Inscription2008 (3rd session)
ListRepresentative

The fujara (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈfujara])[1] is a large wind instrument of the tabor pipe class. It originated in central Slovakia as a sophisticated folk shepherd's overtone fipple flute of unique design in the contrabass range.

Ranging from 160 to 200 cm long (5'3" – 6'6")[2] and tuned in A, G, or F. It has three tone holes (also called finger holes) located on the lower part of the main body. The sound is produced by a fipple at the upper end of the main body of the fujara. The air is led to the fipple through a smaller parallel pipe, called vzduchovod in Slovak (meaning "air channel"), mounted on the main body of the instrument. While it is possible to play the fundamental frequency on fujaras,[3] the normal playing technique is based on overblowing the instrument. Because of the high aspect ratio of the sound chamber (great length versus small internal diameter), the player can use overtones to play a diatonic scale using only the three tone holes. The fujara is typically played while standing, with the instrument held vertically and usually braced against the right thigh.

Technique and role

[edit]
Slovak musician and instrument maker Ľubomír Párička plays the fujara
A fujara player.

The atypical design produces a deep, meditative timbre. Ornaments are traditionally added to the base melodies, which usually occur in the Mixolydian mode. Two common types of ornaments are prefuk, the rapid overblowing of a single note (from Slovak prefukovať 'to overblow'), and rozfuk, a descending cascade of overtones (from Slovak rozfúkať 'to scatter by blowing').

Traditionally, the fujara was played by shepherds for recreation. Today, the fujara has moved from the shepherds' fields to the stage of folk festivals in the Slovak towns of Východná and Detva. The instrument has also left Slovakia and is played all over the world; particularly by aficionados of native flutes in western Europe and North America. Despite this, the fujara has yet to gain popularity or much recognition outside of Slovakia. Most often the fujara is a solo instrument, but ensembles of two or three fujaras have been known, such as the Kubinec family or the Javorová Húžva trio.

The fujara was added to the UNESCO list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005.[4] "The Fujara and its Music" was added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2008 by UNESCO.[2]

See also

[edit]
  • Koncovka another Slovak overtone flute with a fipple and no side toneholes
  • Tabor pipe other 3-hole folk flutes
  • Willow flute another overtone based folk flute with a side blown fipple and no side toneholes
  • Kalyuka, Russian overtone flute with an end-blown open tube with no side toneholes

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The ad hoc pronunciation in the UNESCO video, /fuːˈdʒɑːrɑː/, is incorrect.
  2. ^ a b "The Fujara and its Music": Description, Slideshow, Video, UNESCO, 2005, 2008. (Accessed 2012-08-12)
  3. ^ "Fujara fingering technique". Retrieved 2006-09-28.
  4. ^ Smeets, Rieks (2006). "The Fujara and its Music". Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (PDF). UNESCO. p. 86. Retrieved 2008-07-01.
    UNESCO has also provided a web page showing information about the fujara, but it "has no official status":

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Look up fujara in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fujara.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujara&oldid=1199268715"