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<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
| name=Sequoia Falco F8L
| name=Falco F8L
| image=sequoia.falco.f8l.g-gane.arp.jpg
| image=sequoia.falco.f8l.g-gane.arp.jpg
| caption=1993 Sequoia Falco F8L
| caption=1993 Sequoia Falco F8L
Line 7: Line 7:
| type=[[Homebuilt aircraft]]
| type=[[Homebuilt aircraft]]
| national origin=[[Italy]]
| national origin=[[Italy]]
| manufacturer=[[Sequoia Aircraft Company]]
| manufacturer=[[Aviamilano]]<br>[[Aeromere]]<br>[[Laverda]]<br>[[Sequoia Aircraft Company]]
| designer=[[Stelio Frati]]
| designer=[[Stelio Frati]]
| first flight=1955
| first flight=1955
| introduced=
| introduced=
| retired=
| retired=
| status=Production completed (2014)
| status=Production completed (2014); 10 years ago
| primary user=
| primary user=
| number built=90 (2011)<ref name="KitplanesDec2011" />
| number built=90 (2011)<ref name="KitplanesDec2011" />
| unit cost= [[US$]]70,000 (kit, 1998)<ref name="Aerocrafter">Purdy, Don: ''AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, Fifth Edition'', page 251. BAI Communications, 15 July 1998. {{ISBN|0-9636409-4-1}}</ref>
| unit cost= [[US$]]70,000 (kit, 1998)<ref name="Aerocrafter" />
| developed from=
| developed from=
| variants with their own articles= [[Sequoia 300]], [[Sequoia 300]], [[Sequoia Kodiak]]
| variants with their own articles= [[Sequoia 300]], [[Sequoia 300]], [[Sequoia Kodiak]]
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[[File:SequoiaFalco.jpg|thumb|Sequoia Falco takeoff]]
[[File:SequoiaFalco.jpg|thumb|Sequoia Falco takeoff]]
[[File:SequoiaFalcoTakeoff.jpg|thumb|Sequoia Falco takeoff]]
[[File:SequoiaFalcoTakeoff.jpg|thumb|Sequoia Falco takeoff]]
The '''Sequoia Falco''' is an [[Italy|Italian]]-designed lightweight 2-seater [[aerobatics|aerobatic]] [[aircraft]].<ref name="Aerocrafter" />
The '''Falco F8L''' is an [[Italy|Italian]]-designed lightweight 2-seater [[aerobatics|aerobatic]] [[aircraft]].<ref name="Aerocrafter">Purdy, Don: ''AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, Fifth Edition'', page 251. BAI Communications, 15 July 1998. {{ISBN|0-9636409-4-1}}</ref>


==Design and development==
==Design and development==
The aircraft was designed by the renowned [[Italy|Italian]] designer [[Stelio Frati]]<ref name="WDLA11">Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: ''World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12'', page 118. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X</ref> in 1955, and originally built in Italy by [[Aviamilano]] then [[Aeromere]] and later [[Laverda]].
The aircraft was designed by the renowned [[Italy|Italian]] designer [[Stelio Frati]]<ref name="WDLA11">Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: ''World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12'', page 118. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X</ref> in 1955, with the prototype, powered by a {{convert|90|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Continental C-90]] engine, flying for the first time on 15 June 1955.<ref name="aba823p69">{{harvnb|''Archive'' 1982, No. 3|p=69}}</ref> The prototype was soon re-engined with a {{convert|135|hp|kW|abbr=on}} [[Lycoming O-290]]-D2B, forming the basis for the initial production batch.<ref name="aba823p69"/> It was originally built in Italy by [[Aviamilano]] then [[Aeromere]] and later [[Laverda]].<ref name="Munson1982">Munson, Kenneth; Taylor, John: ''Jane's Pocket Book Light Aircraft Second Edition'', pages 130-131. Jane's Publishing Company, 1982. {{ISBN|0 7106 0195 6}}</ref>


The aircraft is single-engined, [[Propeller (aircraft)|propeller]] driven and designed for private and [[general aviation]] use.<ref name="KitplanesDec2011">Vandermeullen, Richard: ''2011 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide'', Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 69. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851</ref><ref name="WDLA11" /> The Falco was sold in kit or plans form for amateur construction by the [[Sequoia Aircraft Company]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]] until its closure in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=3a7da8e0-405f-4bb2-9543-81afaf58a459 |title=AeroSports Update: Falco Kit Producer Closes Its Doors |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 15, 2014 |website=Aero-News Network |publisher=Jim Campbell |access-date=October 19, 2018 |quote=}}</ref>
The aircraft is single-engined, [[Propeller (aircraft)|propeller]] driven and designed for private and [[general aviation]] use.<ref name="KitplanesDec2011">Vandermeullen, Richard: ''2011 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide'', Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 69. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851</ref><ref name="WDLA11" /> The Falco was sold in kit or plans form for amateur construction by the [[Sequoia Aircraft Company]] of [[Richmond, Virginia]] from the 1980s until its closure in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=3a7da8e0-405f-4bb2-9543-81afaf58a459 |title=AeroSports Update: Falco Kit Producer Closes Its Doors |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 15, 2014 |website=Aero-News Network |publisher=Jim Campbell |access-date=October 19, 2018 }}</ref>
[[File:Laverda F.8L Falco IV Cranfield PFA 07.07.84 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|Laverda-built Falco IV from Denmark attending a UK air rally in 1984]]
[[File:Laverda F.8L Falco IV Cranfield PFA 07.07.84 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|Laverda-built Falco IV from Denmark attending a UK air rally in 1984]]


The design was adopted in the US in the 1980s and converted to kit form. The aircraft is widely considered to be one of the best handling, strongest, and most aesthetically pleasing designs ever made available to home builders.<ref name="WDLA11" />
The aircraft is widely considered to be one of the best handling, strongest, and most aesthetically pleasing designs ever made available to home builders. Pilots sometimes refer to the Falco as "the [[Ferrari]] of the air."<ref name="WDLA11" /><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Aero News Network|date=July 2018|title=Falco: The Ferrari of the Air|author=Tom Woodward|url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=9a66cb35-0ae2-4a0b-b835-90f58e0cadf9}}</ref>


Performance includes a 175 [[Knot (unit)|knot]] cruise speed and 6[[g-force|g]] [[aerobatic]] capability.<ref name="WDLA11" />
Performance includes a 175 [[Knot (unit)|knot]] cruise speed and full [[aerobatic]] capability, with an inverted fuel tank an optional item.<ref name="WDLA11" />


The Sequoia Falco F8L is constructed of [[spruce]] and typically Finnish [[birch]] [[plywood]]. The structure is built from laminated spruce bulkheads and the birch plywood is used for the skin.<ref>{{cite journal|magazine=Sport Aviation|date=September 1991|title=Grand Champion Falco|author=Jack Cox}}</ref> The plywood is often softened with hot steam, formed over the various structures and glued in place. The aircraft is rated for 6g positive and 3g negative.
The Falco F8L is constructed of [[spruce]] and typically Finnish [[birch]] [[plywood]]. The structure is built from laminated spruce bulkheads and the birch plywood is used for the skin.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Sport Aviation|date=September 1991|title=Grand Champion Falco|author=Jack Cox}}</ref> The plywood is often softened with hot steam, formed over the various structures and glued in place. The aircraft is rated for 6g positive and 3g negative.


Reviewers Roy Beisswenger and Marino Boric described the design in a 2015 review as "a complex all-wooden construction in spruce and plywood and is therefore time-consuming to build. But the results in terms of weight and speed are remarkable., so much so that the Falco is considered a classic, with outstanding performance and handling."<ref name="WDLA15">Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: ''World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16'', page 124. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. {{ISSN|1368-485X}}</ref>
Reviewers Roy Beisswenger and Marino Boric described the design in a 2015 review as "a complex all-wooden construction in spruce and plywood and is therefore time-consuming to build. But the results in terms of weight and speed are remarkable., so much so that the Falco is considered a classic, with outstanding performance and handling."<ref name="WDLA15">Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: ''World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16'', page 124. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. {{ISSN|1368-485X}}</ref>


==Variants==
==Variants==
;F.8L Series I: Initial production model powered by 101&nbsp;kW (135&nbsp;hp) Lycoming engine. Ten built by [[Aviamilano]].<ref name="Janes 65 p94">{{Harvnb|Taylor|1965|p=94}}</ref>
;F.8L Series I: Initial production model powered by 101&nbsp;kW (135&nbsp;hp) Lycoming engine. Ten built by [[Aviamilano]] starting in 1956.<ref name="Janes 65 p94">{{Harvnb|Taylor|1965|p=94}}</ref><ref name="Munson1982"/>
;F.8L Series II: Improved model built by Aviamilano, with 112&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp) engine.<ref name="Janes 65 p94"/> Twenty built.<ref name="jawa68p108">{{Harvnb|Taylor|1968|p=108}}</ref>
;F.8L Series II: Improved model built by Aviamilano, with 112&nbsp;kW (150&nbsp;hp) engine.<ref name="Janes 65 p94"/> Twenty built.<ref name="jawa68p108">{{Harvnb|Taylor|1968|p=108}}</ref><ref name="Munson1982"/>
;F.8L America: Modified version of Series II built by Aeromere in conformance with US airworthiness requirements.<ref name="Janes 65 p94"/>
;F.8L Series III: (Also known as '''F.8L America''') Modified version of Series II built by Aeromere in conformance with US airworthiness requirements.<ref name="Janes 65 p94"/><ref name="Munson1982"/> 35 built by Aeromere.<ref name="aba823p71">{{harvnb|''Archive'' 1982, No. 3|p=71}}</ref>
;Super Falco Series IV: Similar to America, but with more powerful engine and constant speed propeller. Built by Laverda.<ref name="Janes 65 p94"/>
;Super Falco Series IV: Similar to America, but with more powerful engine ({{convert|160|hp|kW|abbr=on}} Lycoming O-320-B3) and constant speed propeller. Built by Laverda.<ref name="Janes 65 p94"/><ref name="aba823p74">{{harvnb|''Archive'' 1982, No. 3|p=74}}</ref><ref name="Munson1982"/> Twenty built.<ref name="aba823p74"/>
;Sequoia Falco: Similar to the production aircraft but re-designed for homebuilding from kits or plans, by Alfred Scott of [[Sequoia Aircraft Company]] and [[David Thurston]] of [[Lake Buccaneer]] fame.
;Sequoia Falco: Similar to the production aircraft but re-designed for homebuilding from kits or plans,<ref name="Munson1982"/> by Alfred Scott of [[Sequoia Aircraft Company]] and [[David Thurston]] of [[Lake Buccaneer]] fame.


==Specifications (Laverda Super Falco Series IV)==
==Specifications (Laverda Super Falco Series IV)==
Line 124: Line 124:


==References==
==References==
*{{cite magazine |title=Aircraft of European Civil Registers: 3 : The designs of Stelio Frati |magazine=Archive |publisher=[[Air-Britain]] |year=1982 |issue=3 |pp=67–74 |issn=0262-4923 |ref={{harvid|''Archive'' 1982, No. 3}}}}

*{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W. R.|authorlink=John W. R. Taylor |coauthors= |title= Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66 |year=1965 |publisher=Samson Low, Marston |location= London|isbn= |ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=John W. R.|author-link=John W. R. Taylor |title= Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66 |year=1965 |publisher=Samson Low, Marston |location= London}}
*{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=John W. R. |authorlink=John W. R. Taylor |title= Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1968-69 |year=1968 |publisher=Samson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. |location= London |isbn=| ref=harv}}
*{{cite book |last=Taylor |first=John W. R. |author-link=John W. R. Taylor |title= Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1968-69 |year=1968 |publisher=Samson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd. |location= London }}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London }}
* {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London }}


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{{Frati aircraft}}
{{Frati aircraft}}
{{Portal bar|Italy|Companies|Aviation}}


[[Category:1950s Italian sport aircraft]]
[[Category:1950s Italian sport aircraft]]

Revision as of 18:07, 6 July 2024

Falco F8L
1993 Sequoia Falco F8L
Role Homebuilt aircraft
National origin Italy
Manufacturer Aviamilano
Aeromere
Laverda
Sequoia Aircraft Company
Designer Stelio Frati
First flight 1955
Status Production completed (2014); 10 years ago
Number built 90 (2011)[1]
Variants Sequoia 300, Sequoia 300, Sequoia Kodiak
Sequoia Falco takeoff
Sequoia Falco takeoff

The Falco F8L is an Italian-designed lightweight 2-seater aerobatic aircraft.[2]

Design and development

The aircraft was designed by the renowned Italian designer Stelio Frati[3] in 1955, with the prototype, powered by a 90 hp (67 kW) Continental C-90 engine, flying for the first time on 15 June 1955.[4] The prototype was soon re-engined with a 135 hp (101 kW) Lycoming O-290-D2B, forming the basis for the initial production batch.[4] It was originally built in Italy by Aviamilano then Aeromere and later Laverda.[5]

The aircraft is single-engined, propeller driven and designed for private and general aviation use.[1][3] The Falco was sold in kit or plans form for amateur construction by the Sequoia Aircraft Company of Richmond, Virginia from the 1980s until its closure in 2014.[6]

Laverda-built Falco IV from Denmark attending a UK air rally in 1984

The aircraft is widely considered to be one of the best handling, strongest, and most aesthetically pleasing designs ever made available to home builders. Pilots sometimes refer to the Falco as "the Ferrari of the air."[3][7]

Performance includes a 175 knot cruise speed and full aerobatic capability, with an inverted fuel tank an optional item.[3]

The Falco F8L is constructed of spruce and typically Finnish birch plywood. The structure is built from laminated spruce bulkheads and the birch plywood is used for the skin.[8] The plywood is often softened with hot steam, formed over the various structures and glued in place. The aircraft is rated for 6g positive and 3g negative.

Reviewers Roy Beisswenger and Marino Boric described the design in a 2015 review as "a complex all-wooden construction in spruce and plywood and is therefore time-consuming to build. But the results in terms of weight and speed are remarkable., so much so that the Falco is considered a classic, with outstanding performance and handling."[9]

Variants

F.8L Series I
Initial production model powered by 101 kW (135 hp) Lycoming engine. Ten built by Aviamilano starting in 1956.[10][5]
F.8L Series II
Improved model built by Aviamilano, with 112 kW (150 hp) engine.[10] Twenty built.[11][5]
F.8L Series III
(Also known as F.8L America) Modified version of Series II built by Aeromere in conformance with US airworthiness requirements.[10][5] 35 built by Aeromere.[12]
Super Falco Series IV
Similar to America, but with more powerful engine (160 hp (120 kW) Lycoming O-320-B3) and constant speed propeller. Built by Laverda.[10][13][5] Twenty built.[13]
Sequoia Falco
Similar to the production aircraft but re-designed for homebuilding from kits or plans,[5] by Alfred Scott of Sequoia Aircraft Company and David Thurston of Lake Buccaneer fame.

Specifications (Laverda Super Falco Series IV)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66 [14]

General characteristics

  • Crew: one
  • Capacity: one passenger
  • Length: 6.50 m (21 ft 4 in)
  • Wingspan: 8.00 m (26 ft 3 in)
  • Height: 2.27 m (7 ft 5 in)
  • Wing area: 10.0 m2 (108 sq ft)
  • Aspect ratio: 6.4:1
  • Airfoil: NACA 64213
  • Empty weight: 550 kg (1,213 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 820 kg (1,808 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 120 L (32 US gal; 26 imp gal)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming O-320-B1A air-cooled flat-four engine, 120 kW (160 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Hartzell fixed-pitch propeller, 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) diameter

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 325 km/h (202 mph, 175 kn) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 250 km/h (160 mph, 130 kn) (econ. cruise)
  • Stall speed: 98 km/h (61 mph, 53 kn) (30% flaps)
  • Never exceed speed: 385 km/h (239 mph, 208 kn)
  • Range: 1,400 km (870 mi, 760 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,000 m (19,700 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 5.00 m/s (984 ft/min)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Vandermeullen, Richard: 2011 Kit Aircraft Buyer's Guide, Kitplanes, Volume 28, Number 12, December 2011, page 69. Belvoir Publications. ISSN 0891-1851
  2. ^ Purdy, Don: AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook, Fifth Edition, page 251. BAI Communications, 15 July 1998. ISBN 0-9636409-4-1
  3. ^ a b c d Bayerl, Robby; Martin Berkemeier; et al: World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011-12, page 118. WDLA UK, Lancaster UK, 2011. ISSN 1368-485X
  4. ^ a b Archive 1982, No. 3, p. 69
  5. ^ a b c d e f Munson, Kenneth; Taylor, John: Jane's Pocket Book Light Aircraft Second Edition, pages 130-131. Jane's Publishing Company, 1982. ISBN 0 7106 0195 6
  6. ^ "AeroSports Update: Falco Kit Producer Closes Its Doors". Aero-News Network. Jim Campbell. August 15, 2014. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
  7. ^ Tom Woodward (July 2018). "Falco: The Ferrari of the Air". Aero News Network.
  8. ^ Jack Cox (September 1991). "Grand Champion Falco". Sport Aviation.
  9. ^ Tacke, Willi; Marino Boric; et al: World Directory of Light Aviation 2015-16, page 124. Flying Pages Europe SARL, 2015. ISSN 1368-485X
  10. ^ a b c d Taylor 1965, p. 94
  11. ^ Taylor 1968, p. 108
  12. ^ Archive 1982, No. 3, p. 71
  13. ^ a b Archive 1982, No. 3, p. 74
  14. ^ Taylor 1965, pp. 94–95

References

  • "Aircraft of European Civil Registers: 3 : The designs of Stelio Frati". Archive. No. 3. Air-Britain. 1982. pp. 67–74. ISSN 0262-4923.
  • Taylor, John W. R. (1965). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66. London: Samson Low, Marston.
  • Taylor, John W. R. (1968). Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1968-69. London: Samson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd.
  • Taylor, Michael J. H. (1989). Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. London: Studio Editions.
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