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{{Short description|Author of Brihatkatha}} |
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{{History of literature5}} |
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{{Merge to|Brihatkatha|discuss=Talk:Brihatkatha#Proposed merge of Gunadhya into Brihatkatha|date=July 2024}} |
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'''Guṇāḍhya''' ([[Sanskrit]]: गुणाढय) was the author of '' [[Brihatkatha]] '', which is a large collection of tales and which fact is attested by [[Daṇḍin|Dandin]], the author of '' [[Kavyadarsha]] '', [[Subandhu]], the author of '' [[Vasavadatta]] '' and [[Bāṇabhaṭṭa|Banabhatta]], the author of '' [[Kadambari]] '', who existed in the 6th century A.D. Scholars compare Gunadhya with [[Vyasa]] and [[Valmiki]] even though he did not write the now long lost Brihat Katha in [[Sanskrit|Sanskrit language]]; the loss of this text is one of the greatest losses of Indian literature. Presently available are its two Sanskrit Kashmiri recensions – ''Brihatkathamanjari'' by [[Kshemendra]] and '' [[Kathasaritsagara]] '' by Somadeva.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Indian Literature 500-1399|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=104|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&pg=PA104&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mqbsU7O0AoLl8AWrk4H4CA&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBjgU#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}} |
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{{Infobox person |
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| name = |
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| occupation = Author |
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| works = [[Brihatkatha]] |
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'''Guṇāḍhya''' is the [[Sanskrit]] name of the sixth-century Indian author of the ''[[Bṛhatkathā]]'', a large collection of tales attested by [[Daṇḍin]], the author of the ''[[Kavyadarsha]]'', Subandhu, the author of ''[[Vasavadatta]]'', and [[Bāṇabhaṭṭa]], the author of the ''[[Kadambari]]''.{{sfn|Winternitz|1985|p=346}} Scholars compare Guṇāḍhya with [[Vyasa]] and [[Valmiki]] even though he did not write the now long-lost ''Brihatkatha'' in Sanskrit; the loss of this text is one of the greatest losses of Indian literature. Presently available are its two Kashmiri Sanskrit recensions, the ''Brihatkathamanjari'' by [[Kshemendra]] and the ''[[Kathasaritsagara]]'' by Somadeva.{{sfn|Das|2005|p=104}} |
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[[File:Gunadhya legend.svg|thumb|upright=2|Major characters and path of Shiva's story in the legend of Gunadhya, as told in the first Book of the Kathasaritsagara (Ocean of Rivers of Story).{{sfn|Lacôte|Tabard|1923|pp=22–25}} ]] |
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The earliest reference to [[Vikramāditya]] is traced in the lost ''Brihatkatha''. Gunadhya could have flourished during the reign of a Satavahana king of Pratishthana who ruled in the first half of the first century B.C. or during the reign of the Imperial [[Satavahana Dynasty|Satavahanas]] of the 3rd century A.D. Gunadhya describes the great generosity, undaunted valour and other qualities of Vikramaditya, which qualities are also mentioned by Satavahana king [[Hāla|Hala]] or Halavahana, a predecessor of [[Gautamiputra Satakarni|Salivahana]] in his ''[[Gaha Sattasai|Sattasai]]'' also known as ''Gathasaptasati''; Gunadhya and Hala lived close to the time of Vikramaditya. <ref>{{cite book|title=Malwa Through the Ages|author=Kailash Chand Jain|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=157|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA157&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mqbsU7O0AoLl8AWrk4H4CA&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAjgU#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> |
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== Date == |
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Gunadhya was at the court of Satavahana of Pratishthana, modern [[Paithan]] in [[Maharashtra]]. He wrote ''Brihatkatha'' in [[Paisaci|Paishachi]], the language of common people of the border area of the north-west region, now known as [[Pashto language|Pushtu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Bilhana|author=Prabhakar Narayan Kawthekar|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=20|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Bq5rT0yXGC0C&pg=PA20&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EaPsU73pOZTe8AWXgIHYDA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> Dandin asserts the fundamental importance of ''Brihatkatha'' and states that it was written in prose and not in poetic form suggested by the three known Kashmiri rescensions ''Haracaritacintamani'' of Jayaratha included. <ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Indian Literature |author=Arthur Berriedale Keith|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|pages=266,268|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=GNALtBMVbd0C&pg=PA267&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EaPsU73pOZTe8AWXgIHYDA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> |
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Guṇāḍhya could have flourished during the reign of a [[Satavahana dynasty|Satvahana]] king of [[Pratishthana]] (modern-day [[Paithan]], Maharashtra). According to [[D. C. Sircar]], he probably flourished between the 1st century BCE and 3rd century CE. An alternative account, mentioned in the ''Nepala Mahatmya'' of the [[Skanda Purana]], states that Gunadhya was born in [[Mathura]], and was a court poet of the king Madana of Ujjain. Sircar calls this tradition less authentic.{{sfn|Sircar|1969|p=108}} |
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''Brihatkatha'' must have been a storehouse of tales about heroes and kings and gods and demigods and also about animals and birds; this work was in [[Prakrit]] language and not in Sanskrit but all its known adoptions are in Sanskrit. Kshemendra’s ''Brihatkathamanjari'' must be a faithful summary of the original which too was in eighteen Books called ''Lambakas''. The earliest version must have been the ''[[Bṛhatkathāślokasaṃgraha|Śloka-sangraha]]'' of [[Budhasvamin]], which complete work has not been found.<ref>{{cite book|title=Survey of Sanskrit Literature|author=C.Kunhan Raja|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|pages=|url= http://www.scribd.com/doc/223739875/Survey-of-Sanskrit-Literature-C-Kunhan-Raja }}</ref> |
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==Relevance== |
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Gunadhya must have lived a glorious life; he must have been a versatile writer, a master of literary art capable of weaving into his story of romantic adventures all the marvels of myth, magic and fairy tale.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature Vol.2|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|page=1506|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1506&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EaPsU73pOZTe8AWXgIHYDA&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> The stories forming ''Brihatkatha'' had a divine origin which origin is recounted by Somadeva. Since King Satvahana has been identified with Salivahana, Gunadhya must have lived around 78 A.D.<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Classical Sanskrit|author=M.Srinivasachariar|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=414,417|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4dVRvVyHaiQC&pg=PA416&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZaXsU_lvj7vyBbyigNgF&ved=0CBkQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> Gunadhya is perhaps the only author of a well-known text who speaks in the first person. His story is told from his point of view, not by an unseen, omnipresent narrator as in the case of Vyasa and Valmiki.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kathasaritsagara|author=Somadeva Bhatta|publisher=Penguin Books|page=xxiv|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=k-Nd7XYIp4MC&pg=PA47&dq=Gunadhya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZaXsU_lvj7vyBbyigNgF&ved=0CB8Q6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=Gunadhya&f=false }}</ref> |
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The earliest reference to [[Vikramāditya]] is traced in the lost ''Brihatkatha''. Guṇāḍhya describes the great generosity, undaunted valour and other qualities of Vikramāditya, whose qualities are also mentioned by Satavahana king [[Hāla]] or Halavahana, a predecessor of [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] in his ''[[Gaha Sattasai]]''; Guṇāḍhya and Hāla lived close to the time of Vikramāditya.{{sfn|Jain|1972|p=157}} |
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Guṇāḍhya wrote the ''Brihatkatha'' in the little-known [[Prakrit]] called [[Paiśācī]], the language of common people of the border regions of Northwest India.{{sfn|Kawthekar|1995|p=20}} Daṇḍin asserts the fundamental importance of the ''Brihatkatha'' and states that it was written in prose and not in poetic form suggested by the three known Kashmiri rescensions ''Haracaritacintamani'' of Jayaratha included.{{sfn|Keith|1993|pp=266, 268}} |
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==References== |
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''Brihatkatha'' must have been a storehouse of tales about heroes and kings and gods and demigods and also about animals and birds. Kshemendra's ''Brihatkathamanjari'' must be a faithful summary of the original which too was in eighteen Books called ''Lambakas''. The earliest version must have been the ''[[Bṛhatkathāślokasaṃgraha]]'' of [[Budhasvamin]], the complete work of which has not been found.{{sfn|Raja|1962}} |
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Guṇāḍhya must have lived a glorious life; he must have been a versatile writer, a master of literary art capable of weaving into his story of romantic adventures all the marvels of myth, magic and fairy tale.{{sfn|Datta|1988|p=1506}} The stories forming the ''Brihatkatha'' had a divine origin which origin is recounted by Somadeva. Since King Satvahana has been identified with [[Shalivahana]], Guṇāḍhya must have lived around 78 CE.{{sfn|Srinivasachariar|1974|p=414,417}} Guṇāḍhya is perhaps the only author of a well-known text who speaks in the first person. His story is told from his point of view, not by an unseen, omnipresent narrator as in the case of Vyasa and Valmiki.{{sfn|Bhaṭṭa|1994|p=xxiv}} |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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===References=== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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[[Category:Indian poetics]] |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Kathasaritasagara |
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| last = Bhaṭṭa | first = Somadeva | year = 1994 |
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| publisher = Penguin Books India |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=k-Nd7XYIp4MC&pg=PA47 |
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| page = xxiv |
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| isbn = 978-0-14-024721-3 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular |
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| last = Das | first = Sisir Kumar | year = 2005 |
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| publisher = Sahitya Akademi |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&pg=PA104 |
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| isbn = 978-81-260-2171-0 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature |
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| last = Datta | first = Amaresh | year = 1988 |
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| publisher = Sahitya Akademi |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1506 |
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| isbn = 978-81-260-1194-0 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D |
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| last = Jain | first = Kailash Chand |
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| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_3O7q7cU7k0C&pg=PA157 |
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| date = 1972 |
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| isbn = 978-81-208-0824-9 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Kathasaritasagara |
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| publisher = Penguin Books India |
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| year = 1994 |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=k-Nd7XYIp4MC&pg=PA47 |
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| isbn = 978-0-14-024721-3 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Bilhana |
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| last = Kawthekar | first = Prabhakar Narayan |
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| publisher = Sahitya Akademi |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq5rT0yXGC0C&pg=PA20 |
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| date = 1995 |
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| isbn = 978-81-7201-779-8 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = A History of Sanskrit Literature |
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| last = Keith | first = Arthur Berriedale | year = 1993 |
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| author-link = Arthur Berriedale Keith |
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| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GNALtBMVbd0C&pg=PA267 |
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| isbn = 978-81-208-1100-3 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Essay on Gunādhya and the Brhatkathā |
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| last1 = Lacôte | first1 = Felix |
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| last2 = Tabard | first2 = A. M. (translator) |
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| publisher = Bangalore Press | location = Bangalore City |
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| date = 1923 |
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}} (reprint, from the ''Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society'', of Tabard's translation of Lacôte 1908: {{Internet Archive|Lacote1908|Essai sur Guṇāḍhya et la Bṛhatkathā}}) |
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*{{cite book| title = Survey of Sanskrit Literature |
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| last = Raja | first = C. Kunhan | year = 1962 |
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| publisher = Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |
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| url = https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.36442 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = Ancient Malwa And The Vikramaditya Tradition |
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| last = Sircar | first = D. C. | year = 1969 |
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| publisher = Munshiram Manoharlal |
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| page = 108 |
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| url = http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 | url-status = dead |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160617064610/http://dli.serc.iisc.ernet.in:8080/handle/2015/131352 |
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| archive-date = 17 June 2016 |
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| isbn = 978-812150348-8 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = History of Classical Sanskrit Literature: Being an Elaborate Account of All Branches of Classical Sanskrit Literature, with Full Epigraphical and Archaeological Notes and References, an Introduction Dealing with Language, Philology, and Chronology, and Index of Authors & Works |
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| last = Srinivasachariar | first = M | year = 1974 |
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| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4dVRvVyHaiQC&pg=PA416 |
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| isbn = 978-81-208-0284-1 |
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}} |
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*{{cite book| title = History of Indian Literature |
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| last = Winternitz | first = Moriz |
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| author-link = Moriz Winternitz |
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| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass |
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ql0BmInD1c4C&pg=PA346 |
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| date = 1985 |
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| isbn = 978-81-208-0056-4 |
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}} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Brihatkatha}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Ancient Indian poets]] |
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[[Category:Epic poets]] |
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[[Category:History of literature in India]] |
[[Category:History of literature in India]] |
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[[Category:Prakrit literature]] |
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[[Category:Paisachi literature]] |
[[Category:Paisachi literature]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Prakrit literature]] |
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[[Category:Indian poetry]] |
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[[Category:1st-century writers]] |
Latest revision as of 06:46, 7 July 2024
It has been suggested that this article be merged into Brihatkatha. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2024. |
Gunadhya | |
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Occupation | Author |
Works | Brihatkatha |
Guṇāḍhya is the Sanskrit name of the sixth-century Indian author of the Bṛhatkathā, a large collection of tales attested by Daṇḍin, the author of the Kavyadarsha, Subandhu, the author of Vasavadatta, and Bāṇabhaṭṭa, the author of the Kadambari.[1] Scholars compare Guṇāḍhya with Vyasa and Valmiki even though he did not write the now long-lost Brihatkatha in Sanskrit; the loss of this text is one of the greatest losses of Indian literature. Presently available are its two Kashmiri Sanskrit recensions, the Brihatkathamanjari by Kshemendra and the Kathasaritsagara by Somadeva.[2]
Date
[edit]Guṇāḍhya could have flourished during the reign of a Satvahana king of Pratishthana (modern-day Paithan, Maharashtra). According to D. C. Sircar, he probably flourished between the 1st century BCE and 3rd century CE. An alternative account, mentioned in the Nepala Mahatmya of the Skanda Purana, states that Gunadhya was born in Mathura, and was a court poet of the king Madana of Ujjain. Sircar calls this tradition less authentic.[4]
Relevance
[edit]The earliest reference to Vikramāditya is traced in the lost Brihatkatha. Guṇāḍhya describes the great generosity, undaunted valour and other qualities of Vikramāditya, whose qualities are also mentioned by Satavahana king Hāla or Halavahana, a predecessor of Gautamiputra Satakarni in his Gaha Sattasai; Guṇāḍhya and Hāla lived close to the time of Vikramāditya.[5]
Guṇāḍhya wrote the Brihatkatha in the little-known Prakrit called Paiśācī, the language of common people of the border regions of Northwest India.[6] Daṇḍin asserts the fundamental importance of the Brihatkatha and states that it was written in prose and not in poetic form suggested by the three known Kashmiri rescensions Haracaritacintamani of Jayaratha included.[7]
Brihatkatha must have been a storehouse of tales about heroes and kings and gods and demigods and also about animals and birds. Kshemendra's Brihatkathamanjari must be a faithful summary of the original which too was in eighteen Books called Lambakas. The earliest version must have been the Bṛhatkathāślokasaṃgraha of Budhasvamin, the complete work of which has not been found.[8]
Guṇāḍhya must have lived a glorious life; he must have been a versatile writer, a master of literary art capable of weaving into his story of romantic adventures all the marvels of myth, magic and fairy tale.[9] The stories forming the Brihatkatha had a divine origin which origin is recounted by Somadeva. Since King Satvahana has been identified with Shalivahana, Guṇāḍhya must have lived around 78 CE.[10] Guṇāḍhya is perhaps the only author of a well-known text who speaks in the first person. His story is told from his point of view, not by an unseen, omnipresent narrator as in the case of Vyasa and Valmiki.[11]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Winternitz 1985, p. 346.
- ^ Das 2005, p. 104.
- ^ Lacôte & Tabard 1923, pp. 22–25.
- ^ Sircar 1969, p. 108.
- ^ Jain 1972, p. 157.
- ^ Kawthekar 1995, p. 20.
- ^ Keith 1993, pp. 266, 268.
- ^ Raja 1962.
- ^ Datta 1988, p. 1506.
- ^ Srinivasachariar 1974, p. 414,417.
- ^ Bhaṭṭa 1994, p. xxiv.
Bibliography
[edit]- Bhaṭṭa, Somadeva (1994). Kathasaritasagara. Penguin Books India. p. xxiv. ISBN 978-0-14-024721-3.
- Das, Sisir Kumar (2005). A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-2171-0.
- Datta, Amaresh (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0.
- Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
- Kathasaritasagara. Penguin Books India. 1994. ISBN 978-0-14-024721-3.
- Kawthekar, Prabhakar Narayan (1995). Bilhana. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 978-81-7201-779-8.
- Keith, Arthur Berriedale (1993). A History of Sanskrit Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1100-3.
- Lacôte, Felix; Tabard, A. M. (translator) (1923). Essay on Gunādhya and the Brhatkathā. Bangalore City: Bangalore Press.
{{cite book}}
:|first2=
has generic name (help) (reprint, from the Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society, of Tabard's translation of Lacôte 1908: Essai sur Guṇāḍhya et la Bṛhatkathā at the Internet Archive) - Raja, C. Kunhan (1962). Survey of Sanskrit Literature. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.
- Sircar, D. C. (1969). Ancient Malwa And The Vikramaditya Tradition. Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 108. ISBN 978-812150348-8. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
- Srinivasachariar, M (1974). History of Classical Sanskrit Literature: Being an Elaborate Account of All Branches of Classical Sanskrit Literature, with Full Epigraphical and Archaeological Notes and References, an Introduction Dealing with Language, Philology, and Chronology, and Index of Authors & Works. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0284-1.
- Winternitz, Moriz (1985). History of Indian Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0056-4.