Gaspar Strait: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Strait in Indonesia}} |
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'''Gaspar Strait''' separates [[Belitung]] and [[Bangka Island|Bangka]] islands in [[Indonesia]]. It connects the [[Java Sea]] to the [[South China Sea]]. |
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{{EngvarB|date=April 2022}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
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{{Infobox body of water |
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| name = Gaspar Strait |
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| native_name = {{native name|id|Selat Gaspar}} |
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| image = MACLEOD(1819) p292 FORT MAXWELL.jpg |
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| caption = The encampment Fort Maxwell, set up in 1817 on Pulo Leat ([[Pongok Island]]), Gaspar Strait, by survivors of the wreck of {{HMS|Alceste|1806|6}} |
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| image_bathymetry = |
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| caption_bathymetry = |
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| depth = |
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| max-depth = |
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| inflow = |
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| outflow = |
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| catchment = |
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| basin_countries = [[Indonesia]] |
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| length = |
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| width = |
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| min_width = |
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| islands = |
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| etymology = |
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| location = |
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| pushpin_map = Indonesia Sumatra |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|2|40|S|107|15|E|type:waterbody_region:ID|display=inline,title}} |
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| coor_pinpoint = |
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| part_of = |
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| alt = |
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| type = [[Strait]] |
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| cities = |
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| area = |
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| oceans = |
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| website = |
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| reference = [https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-3702510&fid=2455&c=indonesia Selat Gaspar: Indonesia] National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA |
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}} |
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The '''Gaspar Strait''' ({{lang-id|Selat Gaspar}}) is a [[strait]] separating the [[Indonesia]]n islands [[Belitung]] (formerly {{lang-en|Billiton|link=no}}) and [[Bangka Island|Bangka]]. It connects the [[Java Sea]] with the [[South China Sea]]. |
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These straits, formed between the large islands Banca and Billiton, are generally called Gaspar Straits, after the Spanish captain from [[Manila]], who passed through them in 1724; but [[Captain Hurle]], returning from [[China]] in the English ship Macclesfield, had previously passed through them, in March 1702. Pulo Leat, or Middle Island, separates these straits into two principal branches; that to the westward, between it and the S.E. part of Banca, is often called [[Macclesfield Strait]]; and the eastern branch, situated between Middle Island, and Long Island, near Billiton, is generally called [[Clements' Strait]], after [[Captain Clements]], who commanded the fleet from China, that went through this branch in July 1781. Gaspar Island, or Pulo Glassa, in latitude 2 degrees 25 1/2 minutes S., longitude 107 degrees 6 minutes E., or 14 miles east of Batavia, bears due north from the east part of Middle Island, 24 miles away, and lies about 17 miles N.E. by E. from Tanjong Brekat.<ref>{{cite book|last=Horsburgh |first=James |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies [...] |volume=2 vols |location=London |date=1809-1811 |pages=vol. ii, 119 and 121}}</ref> |
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== |
==Etymology== |
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The strait is named after a Spanish captain, who passed through it in 1724 ''en route'' from [[Manila]] to Spain.<ref name="horsburgh 1809-1811">{{cite book|last=Horsburgh |first=James |author-link=James Horsburgh |title=Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and the Interjacent Ports |series=2 vols |volume=2 |location=London |publisher=Printed for the author and sold by Black, Parry, and Kingsbury |date=1809–1811 |pages=119 and 121 |url={{GBurl|JT3JBAAAQBAJ|page=119}} |isbn=9781108077293}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="stanford usn map">{{cite web |title=China Sea Gaspar Strait Surveyed by Officers of the United States Navy 1854 |url=https://exhibits.stanford.edu/ruderman/catalog/xm971hz6522 |website=Barry Lawrence Ruderman Map Collection |publisher=[[Stanford University]] |access-date=19 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |
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:Gaspar Strait is now Selat Gelasa, |
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:Banca is now Bangka, |
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:Billiton is now Belitung, |
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:Pulo Leat is Pulau Liat, Long Island is [[Pulau Mendanau]], Macclesfield Strait is Selat Lepila, Clements' Strait is Selat Limendo, Pulo Glassa is [[Pulau Gelasa]], and Tanjong Brekat is [[Tandjung Berikat]] on the east coast of Bangka. |
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== |
==Geography== |
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The strait lies off the east coast of [[Sumatra]],<ref name="stanford usn map"/> and is formed between the large islands Bangka and Belitung.<ref name="horsburgh 1809-1811"/> [[Pongok Island|Pulau Lait]], or Middle Island, separates the strait into two principal branches.<ref name="horsburgh 1809-1811"/> |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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The western branch, between ''Pulau Lait'' and the southeastern part of Bangka, is often called the Macclesfield Strait. The eastern branch, between Middle Island, and Long Island, near Belitung, is generally called [[Clements' Strait]], after [[Captain Clements]], who commanded the fleet from China that went through it in July 1781.<ref name="horsburgh 1809-1811"/> |
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Gaspar Island, or ''Pulau Gelasa'', {{coord|2|24|42|S|107|4|10|E}}, lies approximately 24 miles north of Middle Island {{coord|2|52|0|S|107|4|0|E}} and approximately 18 miles from Tanjung Berikat {{coord|2|34|21|S|106|50|43|E}}.<ref name="horsburgh 1809-1811"/> The largest islands in the strait are [[Lepar Island|Lepar]], [[Pongok Island|Pongok]] and [[Mendanau Island|Mendanau]]. |
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{{EJava-geo-stub}} |
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{{BangkaBelitung-geo-stub}} |
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== History == |
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{{coord missing|Indonesia}} |
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Prior to the Spanish captain's passage through the strait in 1724, [[Captain Hurle]], returning from [[Great Qing|China]] in the British [[East India Company]] ship {{ship||Macclesfield|1699 ship|2}}, had passed through, in March 1701.<ref name="horsburgh 1809-1811"/> |
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Over time, the strait came to be part of the main shipping route between [[Singapore]] and the [[Sunda Strait]] (which separates Sumatra from [[Java]], and is an entrance to the Indian Ocean). The waters in and around the strait had many navigational hazards, and the strait itself, although frequently used, was considered to be especially perilous.<ref name="stanford usn map"/> According to the Great Britain Hydrographic Department's ''The China Sea Directory'', vol. 1 (1878): |
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{{Quote|text="Many fine ships have been lost in Gaspar strait; not a few on the Alceste reef, from wrongly estimating their distance from the land; but the majority of instances from causes which might have been guarded against by the exercise of due care and judgment."<ref name="stanford usn map"/>}} |
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[[da:Gasparstrædet]] |
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[[fr:Détroit de Gaspar]] |
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On 6 February 1822, the ''[[Tek Sing]]'', a large three-[[mast (sailing)|mast]]ed [[China|Chinese]] ocean-going [[Junk (ship)|junk]], sank in an area of the South China Sea known as the Belvidere Shoals, near the northern entrance to the strait.<ref>{{cite web | title =Treasures of the Tek Sing | url=http://www.nauticalia.com/treasures-of-the-tek-sing.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124114936/http://www.nauticalia.com/treasures-of-the-tek-sing.html | archive-date=January 24, 2008 | accessdate = August 3, 2019}}</ref> |
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[[id:Selat Gaspar]] |
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[[it:Stretto di Gaspar]] |
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In 1854, the [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|British Admiralty]] first issued an [[Admiralty chart]] of the strait. It was based on surveys conducted by the [[United States Navy]]. The chart was continually updated, most notably following surveys conducted by W. Stanton, a [[Royal Navy]] a sailing master, in 1861, and with the assistance of [[nautical chart|Dutch charts]], prepared by the then [[Dutch Empire#Post-Napoleonic era (1815–1945)|colonial ruler]] of the then [[Dutch East Indies]] (now Indonesia).<ref name="stanford usn map"/> |
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[[lt:Gasparo sąsiauris]] |
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[[nl:Straat Gaspar]] |
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== Wreck discovery == |
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[[no:Gasparstredet]] |
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In 1998, fishermen discovered a block of coral encrusted with pieces of ceramic, at the depth of about 16 meters. From a large jar they removed several bowls intact. These divers by chance had just made the greatest underwater archeological discovery ever made in Southeast Asia: a 9th-century Arab [[dhow]], loaded with over 60,000 gold and silver objects, and manufactured ceramics under the [[Tang dynasty]]. The boat and its cargo, dubbed ''[[Belitung shipwreck]]'', testified that Tang China was producing mass-produced commercial items that it exported by sea. Arab sailors were clearly traveling along the maritime silk route, trading at a great scale and over long distances. The port of departure and the destination of the dhow are unknown. Most scholars believe dhow was heading to the Middle East, probably from [[Guangzhou]] (Canton), the largest port on the [[Silk Road]]. Many Arabs and Persians lived in Guangzhou in the 9th century. Among the tens of thousands of bowls found in the wreck, one bore this inscription: ''The sixteenth day of the seventh month of the second year of the reign of Baoli, '' or 826 apr. The mass-produced nature of the cargo and the geographical diversity of its production suggest that it was an export item made to order. |
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[[pl:Cieśnina Gaspar]] |
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[[pt:Estreito de Gaspar]] |
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==Notes == |
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[[vi:Eo biển Gaspar]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Landforms of the Bangka Belitung Islands]] |
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[[Category:Java Sea]] |
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[[Category:Straits of the South China Sea]] |
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[[Category:Straits of the Indian Ocean]] |
Latest revision as of 09:51, 17 April 2024
Gaspar Strait | |
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Selat Gaspar (Indonesian) | |
The encampment Fort Maxwell, set up in 1817 on Pulo Leat (Pongok Island), Gaspar Strait, by survivors of the wreck of HMS Alceste | |
Coordinates | 2°40′S 107°15′E / 2.667°S 107.250°E |
Type | Strait |
Basin countries | Indonesia |
References | Selat Gaspar: Indonesia National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA |
The Gaspar Strait (Indonesian: Selat Gaspar) is a strait separating the Indonesian islands Belitung (formerly English: Billiton) and Bangka. It connects the Java Sea with the South China Sea.
Etymology
[edit]The strait is named after a Spanish captain, who passed through it in 1724 en route from Manila to Spain.[1][2]
Geography
[edit]The strait lies off the east coast of Sumatra,[2] and is formed between the large islands Bangka and Belitung.[1] Pulau Lait, or Middle Island, separates the strait into two principal branches.[1]
The western branch, between Pulau Lait and the southeastern part of Bangka, is often called the Macclesfield Strait. The eastern branch, between Middle Island, and Long Island, near Belitung, is generally called Clements' Strait, after Captain Clements, who commanded the fleet from China that went through it in July 1781.[1]
Gaspar Island, or Pulau Gelasa, 2°24′42″S 107°4′10″E / 2.41167°S 107.06944°E, lies approximately 24 miles north of Middle Island 2°52′0″S 107°4′0″E / 2.86667°S 107.06667°E and approximately 18 miles from Tanjung Berikat 2°34′21″S 106°50′43″E / 2.57250°S 106.84528°E.[1] The largest islands in the strait are Lepar, Pongok and Mendanau.
History
[edit]Prior to the Spanish captain's passage through the strait in 1724, Captain Hurle, returning from China in the British East India Company ship Macclesfield, had passed through, in March 1701.[1]
Over time, the strait came to be part of the main shipping route between Singapore and the Sunda Strait (which separates Sumatra from Java, and is an entrance to the Indian Ocean). The waters in and around the strait had many navigational hazards, and the strait itself, although frequently used, was considered to be especially perilous.[2] According to the Great Britain Hydrographic Department's The China Sea Directory, vol. 1 (1878):
"Many fine ships have been lost in Gaspar strait; not a few on the Alceste reef, from wrongly estimating their distance from the land; but the majority of instances from causes which might have been guarded against by the exercise of due care and judgment."[2]
On 6 February 1822, the Tek Sing, a large three-masted Chinese ocean-going junk, sank in an area of the South China Sea known as the Belvidere Shoals, near the northern entrance to the strait.[3]
In 1854, the British Admiralty first issued an Admiralty chart of the strait. It was based on surveys conducted by the United States Navy. The chart was continually updated, most notably following surveys conducted by W. Stanton, a Royal Navy a sailing master, in 1861, and with the assistance of Dutch charts, prepared by the then colonial ruler of the then Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia).[2]
Wreck discovery
[edit]In 1998, fishermen discovered a block of coral encrusted with pieces of ceramic, at the depth of about 16 meters. From a large jar they removed several bowls intact. These divers by chance had just made the greatest underwater archeological discovery ever made in Southeast Asia: a 9th-century Arab dhow, loaded with over 60,000 gold and silver objects, and manufactured ceramics under the Tang dynasty. The boat and its cargo, dubbed Belitung shipwreck, testified that Tang China was producing mass-produced commercial items that it exported by sea. Arab sailors were clearly traveling along the maritime silk route, trading at a great scale and over long distances. The port of departure and the destination of the dhow are unknown. Most scholars believe dhow was heading to the Middle East, probably from Guangzhou (Canton), the largest port on the Silk Road. Many Arabs and Persians lived in Guangzhou in the 9th century. Among the tens of thousands of bowls found in the wreck, one bore this inscription: The sixteenth day of the seventh month of the second year of the reign of Baoli, or 826 apr. The mass-produced nature of the cargo and the geographical diversity of its production suggest that it was an export item made to order.
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Horsburgh, James (1809–1811). Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and the Interjacent Ports. 2 vols. Vol. 2. London: Printed for the author and sold by Black, Parry, and Kingsbury. pp. 119 and 121. ISBN 9781108077293.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e "China Sea Gaspar Strait Surveyed by Officers of the United States Navy 1854". Barry Lawrence Ruderman Map Collection. Stanford University. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
- ^ "Treasures of the Tek Sing". Archived from the original on 24 January 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2019.