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Tensions between the multinational technology company Google and its workers escalated in 2018 and 2019 as staff protested company decisions on a censored search engine for China, a military drone artificial intelligence, and internal sexual harassment.^[1]

Google employees have joined trade unions in South Korea, United States, the United Kingdom and elected a staff council in Switzerland. The majority of union activity occurs at Google subcontractor services, for example the cafeteria services in the United States. Since 2019, white-collar workers of Google in the US have also been organizing.

Background[edit]

Alphabet, the parent company of the multinational technology company Google, has over 100,000 full-time employees internationally, in addition to contract employees.^[2] About half of Google's total workers are contractors, known internally as "TVCs": temps, vendors, and contractors.^[3]^{[additional citation(s) needed]} Google has seen a rise in worker activism since 2018,^[4] with a swiftly changing internal culture in which staff have been alienated by scandals including a 2017 memo about Google's culture and diversity policies, revelation of a large exit package offered to an executive accused of sexual harassment, and staff accusations of retaliation. Under the company's "third era"—in which Google contends with the effects of having brought its technology to scale—The Verge wrote that the foremost task of Google CEO Sundar Pichai is to stabilize the company's culture.^[5]

Walkout[edit]

Google walkouts video in 2019. First published at VOA

A 20,000-employee walkout against Google executive sexual misconduct in November 2018 led to the company board opening an investigation.^[1] The walkout hastened organizing and protests within the company.^[2] Subsequent worker activism over work with the Pentagon and a censored Chinese search engine often entered the media spotlight.^[6] An engineer started a strike fund, matched by her own donation.^[7]

By mid-2019, Google appeared to push employee organizers to leave.^[1] Walkout organizers said that they were put on administrative leave for opaque reasons.^[8] In April, walkout organizers Meredith Whittaker and Claire Stapleton wrote that they were being demoted or reassigned as retaliation for their organizing. Stapleton left Google in June and Whittaker in July.^[2] In response, some employees participated in a sit-in and demanded that Google investigate its HR department.^[1] The company denied the allegations but instituted new policies against employee protest and in-office politics, which further eroded worker trust from parts of its staff.^[9] A September settlement with the National Labor Relations Board in response to Stapleton and Whittaker's departures required policy clarifications that explicitly let employees act collectively and discuss workplace issues with each other and the press.^[2] The settlement did not reduce tensions, which re-escalated in November^[8] when The New York Times reported that Google had been working for several months with IRI Consultants, a firm known for promoting union busting.^[2]

Transnational[edit]

On January 25, 2020, the formation of an international alliance of workers union of Google employees, Alpha Global, was announced.^[10] The coalition is made up of "13 different unions representing workers in 10 countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Switzerland."^[11] The group is affiliated with UNI Global Union. The formation of the union is in response to persistent allegations of mistreatment of Google employees and a toxic workplace culture.^[11]^[12]^[13] Google had previously been accused of surveilling and firing employees who were suspected of organizing a workers union.^[14] In 2021 court documents revealed that between 2018 and 2020 Google ran an anti-union campaign called Project Vivian to "convince them (employees) that unions suck".^[15]

European Works Council[edit]

153 Google employees in 11 different European countries launched the process of forming a Special Negotiating Body, which determines the future structure of a European Works Council.^[16]

In March 2023, Google and the employee Special Negotiating Body signed an agreement on a European Works Council framework and set an election date for 6 months later. The agreement notably includes the United Kingdom and Switzerland Google offices, even though they are not part of the European Union.^[17]

South Korea[edit]

In April 2023, Google Korea and Google Cloud Korea formed a union with Korea Finance & Service Workers Union, which is affiliated to the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions to represent the 850 employees of Google Korea.^[18]^[19]

Switzerland[edit]

Google Zürich was established in 2004 and is the largest research development of Google outside the US. Employees internally are known as Zooglers. In 2020, inspired by the Google walkouts, a group of Zooglers, with the assistance of Syndicom trade union formed a Staff Council (Swiss Standard German: Personalvertretung).^[20] In March 2023, hundreds of employees walked out, after 200 Zooglers were laid off.^[21]

United Kingdom[edit]

Google has 5,000 employees in the United Kingdom. Hundreds of employees are members of Unite the Union.^[22]

United States[edit]

The "Thanksgiving Four"[edit]

In November 2019, Google fired and suspended workers for media leaks and misuse of internal data, which some internal sources described as retaliation against activist staff.^[9] A publicized, 200-worker demonstration in San Francisco protested the suspension of Rebecca Rivers and Laurence Berland as unjust and demanded their reinstatement.^[8]^[23] Rivers had protested the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) business with a Google cloud product, whereas Berland had protested YouTube's use of hate speech policy^[24] in relation to gay rights. Both Rivers and Berland spoke about their personal experiences at the rally, emphasizing the opaqueness behind being put on leave, particularly that they had not been told what they did wrong. Rivers said that the leave was about investigating her document access, but was questioned mostly in relation to her activism over Google's government contracts. Berland learned his own leave status through a news report.^[8]

Following the rally, Google fired Rivers, Berland, and two rally participants,^[1] known together as the Thanksgiving Four, based on the firings' proximity to the holiday. A Google memo attributed the dismissals to security breaches,^[8] "accessing and distributing business information outside the scope of their jobs",^[2] and explained their action as a "rare" case.^[8] Internal activists described the recently changed access policy as vague and emphasized that viewing documents outside the scope of one's job was routine as part of Google's culture of openness and emphasized within the company's recruiting.^[2] Walkout organizers publicly accused Google of union busting through firing organizers,^[1] among other actions.^[23] Employer retaliation for collective action is prohibited under American federal law.^[23]

CNBC described the Thanksgiving Four firings as virally amplifying their critics' platform, turning them into overnight "heroes", and leading other employees to share stories of being targeted for activism. The public nature of the protests, with individual stories and identities attached, inspired other employees to participate. Google organizers that had since left Google continued their support online. CNBC wrote that Google harmed itself with its unspecific public response, which obscured the legitimacy of the firings and let critics circulate their own conclusions, namely that staff were being fired for organizing. These dismissals underscored the outsized role of internal dissent and the company's perplexed approach to it.^[8] The Verge wrote that dissent within Google was a result of societal grappling with how to handle a company with Google's power, and that the company's antagonistic handling of its most politically active employees was considered the biggest failure of CEO Pichai's tenure.^[5]

Around the same time, the company curtailed its weekly town hall meetings in response to leaks, reducing their frequency and narrowing their focus from general management questions to product and business strategy. The "TGIF" meetings had been a prominent component of Google's corporate culture of transparency. While the company had long taken action on leaks,^[6] journalists described the company's November actions as a "crackdown".^[8]^[6] Internal activists cited other recent policy changes in their accusation of company retaliation against collective action: employee guidelines on political speech,^[1] web browser history trackers, anti-union consultants,^[23] and a calendar tool to track events with over 100 participants.^[2] Court documents later showed that the company ran a program code-named Project Vivian during this period to engage workers and convince them against supporting unions.^[25]

Unions[edit]

A cafeteria at Google's headquarters, 2013

On September 24, 2019, 80 HCL Technologies employees who subcontract for Google Shopping formed a union with Pittsburgh based United Steelworkers. Two years later, they ratified one of the first collective bargaining agreements for any US tech company.^[26]

In early December 2019, the Communications Workers of America union filed a federal labor complaint against Google for the November Four firings, opening a National Labor Relations Board investigation for Laurence Berland, Rebecca Rivers, Paul Duke, and Sophie Waldman.^[4]^[27] The complaint argues that the company violated the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 and cites Google's code of conduct, which says, "don't be evil, and if you see something that you think isn't right—speak up!"^[28] The union also filed a complaint on behalf of Kathryn Spiers, an employee who said she was fired for building a reminder about worker protections in an internal HR guideline/policy reminder tool maintained by her team. Google said Spiers was fired not for the content of her message but for using a security and privacy tool for an unrelated purpose, and without business justification or team authorization.^[29] Spiers said that she received the appropriate approvals and her team lead confirmed that as the "owner" of that tool, Spiers did not need authorization to make such changes.^[30] The National Labor Relations Board returned a formal complaint against Google in December 2020 with the allegation of company interference in protected organizing activity.^[31]

Google's Bay Area cafeteria workers, contracted through the multinational food service company Compass Group, voted to unionize in late 2019. These 2,300 workers who prepare food and wash dishes are organizing with the union Unite Here, which is negotiating a contract with Compass Group. The cafeteria workers compose one of the largest bargaining units at an individual tech company and, according to Recode, demonstrated the growing strength of the tech labor movement.^[3] 90% of food-service staff for Google are unionized as of 2022.^[32]

A group of 225 Google engineers and workers went public as the Alphabet Workers Union, named after Google's parent company, in early January 2021. As a minority union unable to negotiate contracts without a majority vote of the company's 160,000 full-time employees and contractors, the group mainly exists to structure activism at Google. The Alphabet Workers Union is associated with the CODE Communication Workers of America and had been organizing for about a year.^[33]^[34]

An August 2022 petition organized by the union and signed by hundreds of Google employees sought abortion rights protections, both for Google search users and for the company's contingent labor.^[35]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hollister, Sean (November 25, 2019). "Google is accused of union busting after firing four employees". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Cox, Kate (November 26, 2019). "Google fires four employees at center of worker organization efforts". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Ghaffary, Shirin (December 31, 2019). "Thousands of Googles cafeteria workers have unionized". Vox. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019. At Google, contractors make up around half of the company's total workforce and are called "TVCs" — temps, vendors, and contractors.
^ ^a ^b Dave, Paresh (December 5, 2019). "Labor Group Accuses Google of Illegally Firing Workers to Stifle Unionism". The New York Times. Reuters. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Bohn, Dieter (December 4, 2019). "Google third era: what's next now that Sundar Pichai is CEO of Alphabet". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lecher, Colin (November 15, 2019). "Google is scaling back its weekly all-hands meetings after leaks, Sundar Pichai tells staff". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 23, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
^ Captain, Sean (December 3, 2018). "Meet the Google engineer getting its workers ready to strike". Fast Company. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Elias, Jennifer (November 27, 2019). "Google's 'Thanksgiving Four' present a challenge to leadership as campus activism rises". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Brustein, Joshua; Bergen, Mark (November 21, 2019). "Google Wants to Do Business With the Military—Many of Its Employees Don't". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
^ "Google Unions Announce Global Alliance: "Together, we will change Alphabet"". UNI Global Union. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ ^a ^b Schiffer, Zoe (January 25, 2021). "Exclusive: Google workers across the globe announce international union alliance to hold Alphabet accountable". The Verge. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ Ghaffary, Shirin (September 9, 2019). "Dozens of Google employees say they were retaliated against for reporting harassment". Vox. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ "Damore, et al. v. Google – FAC" (PDF). www.dhillonlaw.com. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
^ Rahman, Rema (December 2, 2020). "Google illegally surveilled and fired organizers, NLRB complaint alleges". The Hill. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ "Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck'". Vice News. January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
^ Gallagher, Ryan (March 19, 2020). "Google Agrees to Worker Council in Europe Amid Recurring Discord". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ "First Google European Works Council to increase worker representation". UNI Global Union. March 31, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ "Google Korea workers form a union". UNI Global Union. April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
^ Ye-eun, Jie (April 20, 2023). "Is Google Korea no longer dream workplace?". The Korea Herald. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ Fichter, Adrienne; Oertli, Balz (February 9, 2023). "Inside Google Schweiz". Republik (in German).
^ Coulter, Martin (March 15, 2023). "Swiss Google workers stage walkout as job cuts hit Europe". Reuters. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ Coulter, Martin (April 4, 2023). "Google workers in London stage walkout over job cuts". Reuters. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d De Vynck, Gerrit; Bergen, Mark; Gallagher, Ryan (November 25, 2019). "Google Fires Four Workers, Including Staffer Tied to Protest". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
^ Bergen, Mark (November 22, 2019). "Google Workers Protest Company's 'Brute Force Intimidation'". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
^ Gurley, Lauren Kaori (January 10, 2022). "Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck'". Vice. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
^ Kramer, Anna. "Google contractors reach first union agreement - Protocol". Protocol. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
^ Cox, Kate (December 3, 2019). "Google workers fired amid organization efforts file retaliation complaint". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
^ Captain, Sean (December 6, 2019). "Fired employees invoke Google's 'Don't be evil' motto in their workplace complaint". Fast Company. Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
^ Lee, Timothy B. (December 17, 2019). "Engineer says Google fired her for browser pop-up about worker rights". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
^ Menegus, Bryan (December 16, 2019). "Google Is Going to War Against Its Own Workers". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
^ Cox, Kate (December 3, 2020). "Google illegally spied on and retaliated against workers, feds say". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
^ De Vynck, Gerrit; Gurley, Lauren Kaori (September 5, 2022). "4,000 Google cafeteria workers quietly unionized during the pandemic". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 18, 2023.
^ Conger, Kate (January 4, 2021). "Hundreds of Google Employees Unionize, Culminating Years of Activism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
^ Tiku, Nitasha. "Google workers launch unconventional union with help of Communications Workers of America". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
^ "Google workers demand abortion protections, data privacy". AP News. August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.

Further reading[edit]

Bastone, Nick (November 1, 2019). "Briefing: Google Walkout, One Year Ago Today". The Information. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
Bergen, Mark; Eidelson, Josh (April 26, 2019). "Google Staffers Share Stories of 'Systemic' Retaliation". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Brandom, Russell (October 9, 2020). "Google contractor accused of offshoring jobs in retaliation for union campaign". The Verge. Archived from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2020.
Brustein, Joshua; Bergen, Mark; Eidelson, Josh (May 1, 2019). "Googlers Protest Retaliation; Even Some Facebook Staff Join Fray". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
Campbell, Alexia Fernández (April 23, 2019). "Google employees say the company is punishing them for their activism". Vox. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Carville, Olivia; Grant, Nico (November 1, 2018). "Google Workers Stage Mass Walkout to Protest Handling of Sexual Misconduct". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Chen, Angela (September 25, 2019). "Google contract workers voted to unionize. The law isn't on their side". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Chen, Angela (October 24, 2019). "Employees say Google is trying to spy on them. That'll be hard to prove". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Conger, Kate; Scheiber, Noam (July 8, 2019). "Employee Activism Is Alive in Tech. It Stops Short of Organizing Unions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Conger, Kate; Scheiber, Noam (February 18, 2020). "The Great Google Revolt". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 3, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2020.
Eidelson, Josh; Kanu, Hassan; Bergen, Mark (January 24, 2019). "Google Urged the U.S. to Limit Protection For Activist Workers". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Elias, Jennifer (November 19, 2019). "Google employees protested the interrogation of two colleagues by the company's investigations team, memo says". CNBC. Archived from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
Elias, Jennifer (June 22, 2020). "Google employees petition company to cancel police contracts". CNBC. Archived from the original on July 7, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
Farivar, Cyrus (November 1, 2018). "Thousands of Google employees slam execs' response to sexual misconduct". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
Feldman, Noah (November 3, 2018). "The Google walkout is a new kind of worker activism". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Fung, Brian (November 26, 2019). "Google's tensions with employees reach a breaking point". CNN. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
Hicks, Mar (November 9, 2018). "The long history behind the Google Walkout". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Gallagher, Ryan (October 23, 2019). "Google Accused of Creating Spy Tool to Squelch Worker Dissent". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Gallagher, Ryan; Bergen, Mark (December 13, 2019). "Google Culture War Escalates as Era of Transparency Wanes". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
Ghaffary, Shirin (June 19, 2019). "Google employees join protest at Alphabet's shareholder meeting". Vox. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Ghaffary, Shirin (September 24, 2019). "Tech workers have been reluctant to unionize, but Google contractors just changed that". Vox. Archived from the original on December 2, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Ghaffary, Shirin (November 1, 2019). "It's been a year since 20,000 Google employees walked off the job. And they're madder than ever". Vox. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Ghaffary, Shirin (November 25, 2019). "Google fired an employee who questioned its work with Customs and Border Protection". Vox. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Gurley, Lauren Kaori (November 5, 2019). "1,000 Employees Are Demanding Google Eliminate Carbon Emissions". Vice. Archived from the original on November 5, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Kowitt, Beth (May 17, 2019). "Inside Google's Civil War". Fortune. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
Newcomb, Alyssa (September 16, 2019). "Google Workers to Join Amazon and Microsoft Employees on Sept. 20's Walkout for the Environment". Fortune. Archived from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Newton, Casey (August 14, 2019). "Google's internal activism is spreading across tech companies". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 29, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Paunescu, Delia (November 1, 2019). "Can employee activism change Google? Revisiting the employee walkout one year later". Vox. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Scheiber, Noam; Wakabayashi, Daisuke (November 20, 2019). "Google Hires Firm Known for Anti-Union Efforts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Schiffer, Zoe (December 2, 2020). "Google illegally spied on workers before firing them, US labor board alleges". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
Tarnoff, Ben (May 4, 2020). "The Making of the Tech Worker Movement". Logic Magazine. Archived from the original on August 18, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
Tiku, Nitasha (August 13, 2019). "Three Years of Misery Inside Google, the Happiest Company in Tech". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
Wakabayashi, Daisuke; Griffith, Erin; Tsang, Amie; Conger, Kate (November 1, 2018). "Google Walkout: Employees Stage Protest Over Handling of Sexual Harassment". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Wong, Julia Carrie (April 2, 2019). "Google staff condemn treatment of temp workers in 'historic' show of solidarity". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on November 3, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Wong, Julia Carrie (April 27, 2019). "Google worker activists accuse company of retaliation at 'town hall'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on December 23, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Wong, Julia Carrie (June 7, 2019). "'I've paid a huge personal cost': Google walkout organizer resigns over alleged retaliation". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
Wong, Julia Carrie (November 26, 2019). "Google fires employee who protested company's work with US border patrol". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[Verge_busting-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Hollister, Sean (November 25, 2019). "Google is accused of union busting after firing four employees". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[Ars_four-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Cox, Kate (November 26, 2019). "Google fires four employees at center of worker organization efforts". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.

[Recode_cafeteria-3] Ghaffary, Shirin (December 31, 2019). "Thousands of Googles cafeteria workers have unionized". Vox. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2019. At Google, contractors make up around half of the company's total workforce and are called "TVCs" — temps, vendors, and contractors.

[Reuters_NLRB-4] Dave, Paresh (December 5, 2019). "Labor Group Accuses Google of Illegally Firing Workers to Stifle Unionism". The New York Times. Reuters. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.

[Bohn_third_era-5] Bohn, Dieter (December 4, 2019). "Google third era: what's next now that Sundar Pichai is CEO of Alphabet". The Verge. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.

[Verge_all-hands-6] Lecher, Colin (November 15, 2019). "Google is scaling back its weekly all-hands meetings after leaks, Sundar Pichai tells staff". The Verge. Archived from the original on November 23, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[7] Captain, Sean (December 3, 2018). "Meet the Google engineer getting its workers ready to strike". Fast Company. Retrieved January 10, 2021.

[CNBC_four-8] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Elias, Jennifer (November 27, 2019). "Google's 'Thanksgiving Four' present a challenge to leadership as campus activism rises". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.

[Bloomberg_military-9] Brustein, Joshua; Bergen, Mark (November 21, 2019). "Google Wants to Do Business With the Military—Many of Its Employees Don't". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[10] "Google Unions Announce Global Alliance: "Together, we will change Alphabet"". UNI Global Union. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.

[:5-11] Schiffer, Zoe (January 25, 2021). "Exclusive: Google workers across the globe announce international union alliance to hold Alphabet accountable". The Verge. Retrieved January 25, 2021.

[12] Ghaffary, Shirin (September 9, 2019). "Dozens of Google employees say they were retaliated against for reporting harassment". Vox. Retrieved January 25, 2021.

[:4-13] "Damore, et al. v. Google – FAC" (PDF). www.dhillonlaw.com. Retrieved December 12, 2020.

[14] Rahman, Rema (December 2, 2020). "Google illegally surveilled and fired organizers, NLRB complaint alleges". The Hill. Retrieved January 25, 2021.

[15] "Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck'". Vice News. January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.

[16] Gallagher, Ryan (March 19, 2020). "Google Agrees to Worker Council in Europe Amid Recurring Discord". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[17] "First Google European Works Council to increase worker representation". UNI Global Union. March 31, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[18] "Google Korea workers form a union". UNI Global Union. April 14, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2023.

[19] Ye-eun, Jie (April 20, 2023). "Is Google Korea no longer dream workplace?". The Korea Herald. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[20] Fichter, Adrienne; Oertli, Balz (February 9, 2023). "Inside Google Schweiz". Republik (in German).

[21] Coulter, Martin (March 15, 2023). "Swiss Google workers stage walkout as job cuts hit Europe". Reuters. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[22] Coulter, Martin (April 4, 2023). "Google workers in London stage walkout over job cuts". Reuters. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[Bloomberg_Nov_firings-23] De Vynck, Gerrit; Bergen, Mark; Gallagher, Ryan (November 25, 2019). "Google Fires Four Workers, Including Staffer Tied to Protest". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[Bloomberg_2019-11-22-24] Bergen, Mark (November 22, 2019). "Google Workers Protest Company's 'Brute Force Intimidation'". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on November 24, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

[25] Gurley, Lauren Kaori (January 10, 2022). "Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck'". Vice. Retrieved January 14, 2022.

[26] Kramer, Anna. "Google contractors reach first union agreement - Protocol". Protocol. Retrieved September 19, 2023.

[Ars_NLRB_case-27] Cox, Kate (December 3, 2019). "Google workers fired amid organization efforts file retaliation complaint". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2019.

[Fast_Company_NLRB-28] Captain, Sean (December 6, 2019). "Fired employees invoke Google's 'Don't be evil' motto in their workplace complaint". Fast Company. Archived from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.

[29] Lee, Timothy B. (December 17, 2019). "Engineer says Google fired her for browser pop-up about worker rights". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 17, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2019.

[30] Menegus, Bryan (December 16, 2019). "Google Is Going to War Against Its Own Workers". Gizmodo. Archived from the original on December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

[31] Cox, Kate (December 3, 2020). "Google illegally spied on and retaliated against workers, feds say". Ars Technica. Retrieved December 30, 2020.

[32] De Vynck, Gerrit; Gurley, Lauren Kaori (September 5, 2022). "4,000 Google cafeteria workers quietly unionized during the pandemic". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 18, 2023.

[33] Conger, Kate (January 4, 2021). "Hundreds of Google Employees Unionize, Culminating Years of Activism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 4, 2021.

[34] Tiku, Nitasha. "Google workers launch unconventional union with help of Communications Workers of America". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved January 5, 2021.

[35] "Google workers demand abortion protections, data privacy". AP News. August 18, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.

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-Tensions between the multinational technology company [[Google]] and its workers escalated in 2018 and 2019 as staff protested company decisions on [[Dragonfly (search engine)|a censored search engine for China]], [[Project Maven|a military drone artificial intelligence]], and internal sexual harassment.{{r|Verge busting}}<!-- the end of Bloomberg 2019-11-22 has a few good paragraphs -->
+Tensions between the multinational technology company [[Google]] and its workers escalated in 2018 and 2019 as staff protested company decisions on [[Dragonfly (search engine)|a censored search engine for China]], [[Project Maven|a military drone artificial intelligence]], and internal sexual harassment.{{r|Verge busting}}
+Google employees have joined [[Trade union|trade unions]] in South Korea, United States, the United Kingdom and elected a [[Works council|staff council]] in Switzerland. The majority of union activity occurs at Google subcontractor services, for example the cafeteria services in the United States. Since 2019, white-collar workers of Google in the US have also been organizing. <!-- the end of Bloomberg 2019-11-22 has a few good paragraphs -->
 == Background ==
-[[Alphabet (company)|Alphabet]], the parent company of the multinational technology company [[Google]], has over 100,000 full-time employees internationally, in addition to contract employees.{{r|Ars four}}<!-- something about being known for open culture here? --> About half of Google's total workers are contractors, known internally as "TVCs": temps, vendors, and contractors.{{r|Recode cafeteria}} Google has seen a rise in worker activism since 2018,{{r|Reuters NLRB}} with a swiftly changing internal culture in which staff have been alienated by scandals including [[Google's Ideological Echo Chamber|a 2017 memo about Google's culture and diversity policies]], revelation of a large exit package offered to [[Andy_Rubin#Sexual_harassment_allegations|an executive accused of sexual harassment]], and staff accusations of retaliation. Under the company's "third era"—in which Google contends with the effects of having brought its technology to scale—''[[The Verge]]'' wrote that the foremost task of Google CEO [[Sundar Pichai]] is to stabilize the company's culture.<ref name="Bohn third era">{{Cite web |last1=Bohn |first1=Dieter |title=Google third era: what’s next now that Sundar Pichai is CEO of Alphabet |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-12-04 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/4/20994896/google-alphabet-ceo-sundar-pichai-era-culture-antitrust-regulation |language=en |accessdate=2019-12-07 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031840/https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/4/20994896/google-alphabet-ceo-sundar-pichai-era-culture-antitrust-regulation |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+[[Alphabet (company)|Alphabet]], the parent company of the multinational technology company [[Google]], has over 100,000 full-time employees internationally, in addition to [[Temporary work|contract employees]].{{r|Ars four}}<!-- something about being known for open culture here? --> About half of Google's total workers are contractors, known internally as "TVCs": temps, vendors, and contractors.{{r|Recode cafeteria}}{{additional citation needed|date=September 2023}} Google has seen a rise in worker activism since 2018,{{r|Reuters NLRB}} with a swiftly changing internal culture in which staff have been alienated by scandals including [[Google's Ideological Echo Chamber|a 2017 memo about Google's culture and diversity policies]], revelation of a large exit package offered to [[Andy_Rubin#Sexual_harassment_allegations|an executive accused of sexual harassment]], and staff accusations of retaliation. Under the company's "third era"—in which Google contends with the effects of having brought its technology to scale—''[[The Verge]]'' wrote that the foremost task of Google CEO [[Sundar Pichai]] is to stabilize the company's culture.<ref name="Bohn third era">{{Cite web |last1=Bohn |first1=Dieter |title=Google third era: what's next now that Sundar Pichai is CEO of Alphabet |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-12-04 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/4/20994896/google-alphabet-ceo-sundar-pichai-era-culture-antitrust-regulation |language=en |access-date=2019-12-07 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031840/https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/4/20994896/google-alphabet-ceo-sundar-pichai-era-culture-antitrust-regulation |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 == Walkout ==
+[[File:Google Silicon Valley Employees Join a Worldwide Protest.webm|alt="Google Walkout video"|thumb|320x320px|Google walkouts video in 2019. First published at [https://www.voanews.com/a/google-silicon-valley-employees-join-a-worldwide-protest/4639649.html VOA]]]
+{{Main|2018 Google walkouts}}
+A 20,000-employee [[2018 Google walkouts|walkout against Google]] executive sexual misconduct in November 2018 led to the company board opening an investigation.{{r|Verge busting}} The walkout hastened organizing and protests within the company.{{r|Ars four}} Subsequent worker activism over work with the Pentagon and a censored Chinese search engine often entered the media spotlight.{{r|Verge all-hands}} An engineer started a [[strike fund]], matched by her own donation.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Captain |first1=Sean |title=Meet the Google engineer getting its workers ready to strike |work=[[Fast Company]] |date=2018-12-03 |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90275462/meet-the-google-engineer-getting-its-workers-ready-to-strike |language=en-US |access-date=2021-01-10 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
+By mid-2019, Google appeared to push employee organizers to leave.{{r|Verge busting}} Walkout organizers said that they were put on administrative leave for opaque reasons.{{r|CNBC four}} In April, walkout organizers [[Meredith Whittaker]] and [[Claire Stapleton]] wrote that they were being demoted or reassigned as retaliation for their organizing. Stapleton left Google in June and Whittaker in July.{{r|Ars four}} In response, some employees participated in a [[sit-in]] and demanded that Google investigate its HR department.{{r|Verge busting}} The company denied the allegations but instituted new policies against employee protest and in-office politics, which further eroded worker trust from parts of its staff.{{r|Bloomberg military}} A September settlement with the [[National Labor Relations Board]] in response to Stapleton and Whittaker's departures required policy clarifications that explicitly let employees act collectively and discuss workplace issues with each other and the press.{{r|Ars four}} The settlement did not reduce tensions, which re-escalated in November{{r|CNBC four}} when ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Google had been working for several months with IRI Consultants, a firm known for promoting [[union busting]].{{r|Ars four}}
-A 20,000-employee [[walkout]] against Google executive sexual misconduct in November 2018 led to the company board opening an investigation.{{r|Verge busting}} The walkout hastened organizing and protests within the company.{{r|Ars four}} Subsequent worker activism over work with the Pentagon and a censored Chinese search engine often entered the media spotlight.{{r|Verge all-hands}}
+== Transnational ==
-By mid-2019, Google appeared to push employee organizers to leave.{{r|Verge busting}} Walkout organizers said that they were put on administrative leave for opaque reasons.{{r|CNBC four}} In April, walkout organizers [[Meredith Whittaker]] and [[Claire Stapleton]] wrote that they were being demoted or reassigned as retaliation for their organizing. Stapleton left Google and Whittaker in July.{{r|Ars four}} In response, some employees participated in a [[sit-in]] and demanded that Google investigate its HR department.{{r|Verge busting}} The company denied the allegations but instituted new policies against employee protest and in-office politics, which further eroded worker trust from parts of its staff.{{r|Bloomberg military}} A September settlement with the [[National Labor Relations Board]] in response to Stapleton and Whittaker's departures required policy clarifications that explicitly let employees act collectively and discuss workplace issues with each other and the press.{{r|Ars four}} The settlement did not reduce tensions, which re-escalated in November{{r|CNBC four}} when ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that Google had been working for several months with IRI Consultants, a firm known for promoting [[union busting]].{{r|Ars four}}
+On January 25, 2020, the formation of an international alliance of workers union of Google employees, Alpha Global, was announced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Unions Announce Global Alliance: "Together, we will change Alphabet" |url=https://www.uniglobalunion.org/AlphaGlobal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125135902/https://www.uniglobalunion.org/AlphaGlobal |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |access-date=January 25, 2021 |website=[[UNI Global Union]] |language=en}}</ref> The coalition is made up of "13 different unions representing workers in 10 countries, including the [[Google worker organization#United States|United States]], [[Google worker organization#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and [[Google worker organization#Switzerland|Switzerland]]."<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Schiffer |first=Zoe |date=January 25, 2021 |title=Exclusive: Google workers across the globe announce international union alliance to hold Alphabet accountable |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/25/22243138/google-union-alphabet-workers-europe-announce-global-alliance |access-date=January 25, 2021 |website=[[The Verge]] |language=en}}</ref> The group is affiliated with [[UNI Global Union]]. The formation of the union is in response to persistent allegations of mistreatment of Google employees and a toxic workplace culture.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghaffary |first=Shirin |date=September 9, 2019 |title=Dozens of Google employees say they were retaliated against for reporting harassment |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/9/9/20853647/google-employee-retaliation-harassment-me-too-exclusive |access-date=January 25, 2021 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Damore, et al. v. Google – FAC |url=https://www.dhillonlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/20180418-Damore-et-al.-v.-Google-FAC_Endorsed.pdf |access-date=December 12, 2020 |website=www.dhillonlaw.com}}</ref> Google had previously been accused of surveilling and firing employees who were suspected of organizing a workers union.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Rema |date=December 2, 2020 |title=Google illegally surveilled and fired organizers, NLRB complaint alleges |url=https://thehill.com/policy/technology/528513-google-illegally-surveilled-and-fired-organizers-nlrb-complaint |access-date=January 25, 2021 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |language=en}}</ref> In 2021 court documents revealed that between 2018 and 2020 Google ran an anti-union campaign called Project Vivian to "convince them (employees) that unions suck".<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 10, 2022 |title=Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck' |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7d7j9/google-had-secret-project-to-convince-employees-that-unions-suck |access-date=January 10, 2022 |website=[[Vice News]] |language=en}}</ref>
-== November Four ==
+=== European Works Council ===
+Google employees in 11 different European countries launched the process of forming a [[Special Negotiating Body]], which determines the future structure of a [[European Works Council]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gallagher |first=Ryan |date=2020-03-19 |title=Google Agrees to Worker Council in Europe Amid Recurring Discord |language=en |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-19/google-agrees-to-worker-council-in-europe-amid-recurring-discord |access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref>
+In March 2023, Google and the employee Special Negotiating Body signed an agreement on a [[European Works Council]] framework and set an election date for 6 months later. The agreement notably includes the United Kingdom and Switzerland Google offices, even though they are not part of the European Union.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2023 |title=First Google European Works Council to increase worker representation |url=https://uniglobalunion.org/news/google-european-works-council/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=[[UNI Global Union]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
-<!-- was this in response to the NYT consulting firm story? -->In November 2019, Google fired and suspended workers for media leaks and misuse of internal data, which some internal sources described as retaliation against activist staff.{{r|Bloomberg military}} A publicized, 200-worker demonstration in San Francisco protested the suspension of Rebecca Rivers and Laurence Berland as unjust and demanded their reinstatement.{{r|CNBC four|Bloomberg Nov firings}}<!-- Bloomberg for "unjust" part--> Rivers had protested the [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]]'s (CBP) business with a Google cloud product<!--Berland protested too?{{r|Ars four}}--> and Berland had protested [[YouTube]]'s use of hate speech policy{{r|Bloomberg 2019-11-22}} in relation to gay rights. Both Rivers and Berland spoke about their personal experiences at the rally, emphasizing the opaqueness behind being put on leave, particularly that they had not been told what they did wrong. Rivers said that the leave was about investigating her document access, but was questioned mostly in relation to her activism over Google's government contracts. Berland learned his own leave status through a news report.{{r|CNBC four}}
+== South Korea ==
+In April 2023, Google Korea and Google Cloud Korea formed a union with [[Korea Finance & Service Workers Union]], which is affiliated to the [[Korean Confederation of Trade Unions]] to represent the 850 employees of Google Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2023 |title=Google Korea workers form a union |url=https://uniglobalunion.org/news/google-korea-workers-form-a-union/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=[[UNI Global Union]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ye-eun |first=Jie |date=2023-04-20 |title=Is Google Korea no longer dream workplace? |url=https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230420000621 |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=[[The Korea Herald]] |language=en}}</ref>
+== Switzerland ==
+Google [[Zürich]] was established in 2004 and is the largest research development of Google outside the US. Employees internally are known as Zooglers. In 2020, inspired by the Google walkouts, a group of Zooglers, with the assistance of [[Syndicom|Syndicom trade union]] formed a [[Works council|Staff Council]] ({{Lang-de-CH|Personalvertretung}}).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Fichter |first=Adrienne |last2=Oertli |first2=Balz |date=2023-02-09 |title=Inside Google Schweiz |url=https://www.republik.ch/2023/02/09/do-not-feed-the-google-folge-10-inside-google-schweiz |journal=[[Republik]] |language=de}}</ref> In March 2023, hundreds of employees walked out, after 200 Zooglers were laid off.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coulter |first=Martin |date=2023-03-15 |title=Swiss Google workers stage walkout as job cuts hit Europe |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-workers-stage-walkout-zurich-office-job-cuts-hit-europe-2023-03-15/ |access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref>
+== United Kingdom ==
+Google has 5,000 employees in the [[United Kingdom]]. Hundreds of employees are members of [[Unite the Union]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coulter |first=Martin |date=2023-04-04 |title=Google workers in London stage walkout over job cuts |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/google-workers-london-stage-walkout-over-job-cuts-2023-04-04/ |access-date=2023-09-19}}</ref>
+== United States ==
+=== The "Thanksgiving Four" ===
+In November 2019, Google fired and suspended workers for media leaks and misuse of internal data, which some internal sources described as retaliation against activist staff.{{r|Bloomberg military}} A publicized, 200-worker demonstration in San Francisco protested the suspension of Rebecca Rivers and Laurence Berland as unjust and demanded their reinstatement.{{r|CNBC four|Bloomberg Nov firings}}<!-- Bloomberg for "unjust" part--> Rivers had protested the [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]]'s (CBP) business with a Google cloud product, whereas Berland had protested [[YouTube]]'s use of hate speech policy{{r|Bloomberg 2019-11-22}} in relation to gay rights. Both Rivers and Berland spoke about their personal experiences at the rally, emphasizing the opaqueness behind being put on leave, particularly that they had not been told what they did wrong. Rivers said that the leave was about investigating her document access, but was questioned mostly in relation to her activism over Google's government contracts. Berland learned his own leave status through a news report.{{r|CNBC four}}
 Following the rally, Google fired Rivers, Berland, and two <!--unidentified{{r|CNBC four}}-->rally participants,{{r|Verge busting}} known together as the Thanksgiving Four, based on the firings' proximity to [[Thanksgiving (United States)|the holiday]]. A Google memo attributed the dismissals to security breaches,{{r|CNBC four}} "accessing and distributing business information outside the scope of their jobs",{{r|Ars four}} and explained their action as a "rare" case.{{r|CNBC four}} Internal activists described the recently changed access policy as vague and emphasized that viewing documents outside the scope of one's job was routine as part of Google's culture of openness and emphasized within the company's recruiting.{{r|Ars four}} Walkout organizers publicly accused Google of [[union busting]] through firing organizers,{{r|Verge busting}} among other actions.{{r|Bloomberg Nov firings}} Employer retaliation for collective action is prohibited under American federal law.{{r|Bloomberg Nov firings}}
@@ Line 24: / Line 45: @@
 [[CNBC]] described the Thanksgiving Four firings as [[went viral|virally]] amplifying their critics' platform, turning them into overnight "heroes", and leading other employees to share stories of being targeted for activism. The public nature of the protests, with individual stories and identities attached, inspired other employees to participate. Google organizers that had since left Google continued their support online. CNBC wrote that Google harmed itself with its unspecific public response, which obscured the legitimacy of the firings and let critics circulate their own conclusions, namely that staff were being fired for organizing. These dismissals underscored the outsized role of internal dissent and the company's perplexed approach to it.{{r|CNBC four}} ''[[The Verge]]'' wrote that dissent within Google was a result of societal grappling with how to handle a company with Google's power, and that the company's antagonistic handling of its most politically active employees was considered the biggest failure of CEO Pichai's tenure.{{r|Bohn third era}}
-Around the same time, the company curtailed its weekly town hall meetings in response to leaks, reducing their frequency and narrowing their focus from general management questions to product and business strategy. The "TGIF" meetings had been a prominent component of Google's corporate culture of transparency. While the company had long taken action on leaks,{{r|Verge all-hands}} journalists described the company's November actions as a "crackdown".{{r|CNBC four|Verge all-hands}} Internal activists cited other recent policy changes in their accusation of company retaliation against collective action: employee guidelines on political speech,{{r|Verge busting}}<!--{{Cite web |last1=Brandom |first1=Russell |title=Google spooks employee activists with new guidelines for political speech at work |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-08-23 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/23/20829687/google-employee-guidelines-political-activism-whistleblower |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all }}--> web browser history trackers, anti-union consultants,{{r|Bloomberg Nov firings}} and a calendar tool to track events with over 100 participants.{{r|Ars four}}
+Around the same time, the company curtailed its weekly town hall meetings in response to leaks, reducing their frequency and narrowing their focus from general management questions to product and business strategy. The "TGIF" meetings had been a prominent component of Google's corporate culture of transparency. While the company had long taken action on leaks,{{r|Verge all-hands}} journalists described the company's November actions as a "crackdown".{{r|CNBC four|Verge all-hands}} Internal activists cited other recent policy changes in their accusation of company retaliation against collective action: employee guidelines on political speech,{{r|Verge busting}}<!--{{Cite web |last1=Brandom |first1=Russell |title=Google spooks employee activists with new guidelines for political speech at work |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-08-23 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/23/20829687/google-employee-guidelines-political-activism-whistleblower |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all }}--> web browser history trackers, anti-union consultants,{{r|Bloomberg Nov firings}} and a calendar tool to track events with over 100 participants.{{r|Ars four}} Court documents later showed that the company ran a program code-named Project Vivian during this period to engage workers and convince them against supporting unions.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gurley |first1=Lauren Kaori |title=Google Had Secret Project to ‘Convince’ Employees ‘That Unions Suck’ |work=Vice |date=2022-01-10 |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7d7j9/google-had-secret-project-to-convince-employees-that-unions-suck |language=en |access-date=2022-01-14 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><!-- more to paraphrase in source -->
-== Unions ==
+=== Unions ===
 [[File:Google cafeteria (9599475435).jpg|thumb|A cafeteria at [[Google's headquarters]], 2013]]
+On September 24, 2019, 80 [[HCLTech|HCL Technologies]] employees who subcontract for [[Google Shopping]] formed a union with Pittsburgh based [[United Steelworkers]]. Two years later, they ratified one of the first [[Collective bargaining|collective bargaining agreements]] for any US tech company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kramer |first=Anna |title=Google contractors reach first union agreement - Protocol |url=https://www.protocol.com/bulletins/google-contractors-reach--union-agreement |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=[[Protocol (website)|Protocol]] |language=en}}</ref>
-In early December, the [[Communications Workers of America]] union filed [[unfair labor practice|a federal labor complaint]] against Google for the November Four<!--{{r|Recode cafeteria}}--> firings, opening a [[National Labor Relations Board]] investigation for Berland, Rivers, Paul Duke, and Sophie Waldman.{{r|Reuters NLRB}}{{r|Ars NLRB case}} The complaint argues that the company violated the [[National Labor Relations Act of 1935]] and cites Google's [[code of conduct]], which says, "[[don't be evil]], and if you see something that you think isn't right—speak up!"<ref name="Fast Company NLRB"/> The union also filed a complaint on behalf of Kathryn Spiers, an employee who said she was fired for building a reminder about worker protections in an internal HR guideline/policy reminder tool maintained by her team. Google said Spiers was fired not for the content of her message but for using a security and privacy tool for an unrelated purpose, and without business justification or team authorization.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Timothy B. |title=Engineer says Google fired her for browser pop-up about worker rights |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2019-12-17 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/engineer-says-google-fired-her-for-browser-pop-up-about-worker-rights/ |language=en-us |accessdate=2019-12-17 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217212216/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/engineer-says-google-fired-her-for-browser-pop-up-about-worker-rights/ |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Spiers said that she received the appropriate approvals and her team lead confirmed that as the "owner" of that tool, Spiers did not need authorization to make such changes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Menegus |first1=Bryan |title=Google Is Going to War Against Its Own Workers |work=[[Gizmodo]] |date=2019-12-16 |url=https://gizmodo.com/google-is-going-to-war-against-its-own-workers-1840474218 |language=en-us |accessdate=2019-12-18 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003228/https://gizmodo.com/google-is-going-to-war-against-its-own-workers-1840474218 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In early December 2019, the [[Communications Workers of America]] union filed [[unfair labor practice|a federal labor complaint]] against Google for the November Four<!--{{r|Recode cafeteria}}--> firings, opening a [[National Labor Relations Board]] investigation for Laurence Berland, Rebecca Rivers, Paul Duke, and Sophie Waldman.{{r|Reuters NLRB}}{{r|Ars NLRB case}} The complaint argues that the company violated the [[National Labor Relations Act of 1935]] and cites Google's [[code of conduct]], which says, "[[don't be evil]], and if you see something that you think isn't right—speak up!"<ref name="Fast Company NLRB" /> The union also filed a complaint on behalf of Kathryn Spiers, an employee who said she was fired for building a reminder about worker protections in an internal HR guideline/policy reminder tool maintained by her team. Google said Spiers was fired not for the content of her message but for using a security and privacy tool for an unrelated purpose, and without business justification or team authorization.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Timothy B. |title=Engineer says Google fired her for browser pop-up about worker rights |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2019-12-17 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/engineer-says-google-fired-her-for-browser-pop-up-about-worker-rights/ |language=en-us |access-date=2019-12-17 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217212216/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/engineer-says-google-fired-her-for-browser-pop-up-about-worker-rights/ |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Spiers said that she received the appropriate approvals and her team lead confirmed that as the "owner" of that tool, Spiers did not need authorization to make such changes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Menegus |first1=Bryan |title=Google Is Going to War Against Its Own Workers |work=[[Gizmodo]] |date=2019-12-16 |url=https://gizmodo.com/google-is-going-to-war-against-its-own-workers-1840474218 |language=en-us |access-date=2019-12-18 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003228/https://gizmodo.com/google-is-going-to-war-against-its-own-workers-1840474218 |url-status=live }}</ref> The National Labor Relations Board returned a formal complaint against Google in December 2020 with the allegation of company interference in [[Protected concerted activity|protected organizing activity]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Kate |title=Google illegally spied on and retaliated against workers, feds say |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2020-12-03 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2020/12/google-illegally-spied-on-and-retaliated-against-workers-feds-say/ |language=en-us |access-date=2020-12-30 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><!-- more to paraphrase in source -->
-Google's Bay Area cafeteria workers, contracted through the multinational [[foodservice]] company [[Compass Group]], voted to unionize in late 2019. These 2,300 workers who prepare food and wash dishes are organizing with the union [[Unite Here]], which is negotiating a contract with Compass Group. Google plans to continue using the firm. The cafeteria workers compose one of the largest [[bargaining unit]]s at an individual tech company and, according to ''[[Recode]]'', demonstrated the growing strength of the tech labor movement.{{r|Recode cafeteria}}
+Google's Bay Area cafeteria workers, contracted through the multinational [[foodservice|food service]] company [[Compass Group]], voted to unionize in late 2019. These 2,300 workers who prepare food and wash dishes are organizing with the union [[Unite Here]], which is negotiating a contract with Compass Group. The cafeteria workers compose one of the largest [[bargaining unit]]s at an individual tech company and, according to ''[[Recode]]'', demonstrated the growing strength of the [[Unionization in the tech sector|tech labor movement]].{{r|Recode cafeteria}} 90% of food-service staff for Google are unionized as of 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De Vynck |first=Gerrit |last2=Gurley |first2=Lauren Kaori |date=September 5, 2022 |title=4,000 Google cafeteria workers quietly unionized during the pandemic |language=en-US |work=[[Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/09/05/google-union-pandemic/ |access-date=2023-02-18 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
+{{Main|Alphabet Workers Union}}
+A group of 225 Google engineers and workers went public as the [[Alphabet Workers Union]], named after Google's parent company, in early January 2021. As a [[members-only unionism|minority union]] unable to negotiate contracts without a majority vote of the company's 160,000 full-time employees and contractors, the group mainly exists to structure activism at Google. The Alphabet Workers Union is associated with the [[CODE-CWA|CODE]] [[Communications Workers of America|Communication Workers of America]] and had been organizing for about a year.<ref>{{Cite news| issn = 0362-4331| last = Conger| first = Kate| title = Hundreds of Google Employees Unionize, Culminating Years of Activism| work = The New York Times| access-date = 2021-01-04| date = 2021-01-04| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/04/technology/google-employees-union.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tiku|first=Nitasha|title=Google workers launch unconventional union with help of Communications Workers of America|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/01/04/google-union-cwa/|access-date=2021-01-05|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
+An August 2022 petition organized by the union and signed by hundreds of Google employees sought [[abortion rights]] protections, both for [[Google search]] users and for the company's contingent labor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google workers demand abortion protections, data privacy |work=[[AP News]] |date=2022-08-18 |url=https://apnews.com/article/abortion-us-supreme-court-technology-data-privacy-6ca91a6261f552fef9d7b119104d5fe1 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-21 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
 == See also ==
+* [[Amazon worker organization]]
+* [[IBM worker organization]]
 * [[Tech Workers Coalition]]
@@ Line 42: / Line 72: @@
 {{reflist|refs=
-<ref name="Ars four">{{Cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Kate |title=Google fires four employees at center of worker organization efforts |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2019-11-26 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/11/firing-of-four-google-employees-is-retaliatory-activists-say/ |language=en-us |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127150440/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/11/firing-of-four-google-employees-is-retaliatory-activists-say/ |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Ars four">{{Cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Kate |title=Google fires four employees at center of worker organization efforts |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2019-11-26 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/11/firing-of-four-google-employees-is-retaliatory-activists-say/ |language=en-us |access-date=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127150440/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/11/firing-of-four-google-employees-is-retaliatory-activists-say/ |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Ars NLRB case">{{Cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Kate |title=Google workers fired amid organization efforts file retaliation complaint |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2019-12-03 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/google-workers-fired-amid-organization-efforts-file-retaliation-complaint/ |language=en-us |accessdate=2019-12-07 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031805/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/google-workers-fired-amid-organization-efforts-file-retaliation-complaint/ |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Ars NLRB case">{{Cite web |last1=Cox |first1=Kate |title=Google workers fired amid organization efforts file retaliation complaint |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2019-12-03 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/google-workers-fired-amid-organization-efforts-file-retaliation-complaint/ |language=en-us |access-date=2019-12-07 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031805/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/google-workers-fired-amid-organization-efforts-file-retaliation-complaint/ |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Bloomberg 2019-11-22">{{Cite news |last1=Bergen |first1=Mark |title=Google Workers Protest Company’s ‘Brute Force Intimidation’ |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-11-22 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-22/google-workers-protest-company-s-brute-force-intimidation |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Bloomberg 2019-11-22">{{Cite news |last1=Bergen |first1=Mark |title=Google Workers Protest Company's 'Brute Force Intimidation' |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-11-22 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-22/google-workers-protest-company-s-brute-force-intimidation |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-date=November 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191124000029/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-22/google-workers-protest-company-s-brute-force-intimidation }}</ref>
-<ref name="Bloomberg military">{{Cite news |last1=Brustein |first1=Joshua |last2=Bergen |first2=Mark |title=Google Wants to Do Business With the Military—Many of Its Employees Don’t |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-11-21 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2019-google-military-contract-dilemma/ |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122061015/https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2019-google-military-contract-dilemma/ |archive-date=November 22, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Bloomberg military">{{Cite news |last1=Brustein |first1=Joshua |last2=Bergen |first2=Mark |title=Google Wants to Do Business With the Military—Many of Its Employees Don't |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-11-21 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2019-google-military-contract-dilemma/ |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122061015/https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2019-google-military-contract-dilemma/ |archive-date=November 22, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 <ref name="Bloomberg Nov firings">{{Cite news |last1=De Vynck |first1=Gerrit |last2=Bergen |first2=Mark |last3=Gallagher |first3=Ryan |title=Google Fires Four Workers, Including Staffer Tied to Protest |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-11-25 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-25/google-fires-four-employees-citing-data-security-violations |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126194412/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-25/google-fires-four-employees-citing-data-security-violations |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="CNBC four">{{Cite web |last1=Elias |first1=Jennifer |title=Google's 'Thanksgiving Four' present a challenge to leadership as campus activism rises |work=[[CNBC]] |date=2019-11-27 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/27/googles-thanksgiving-four-present-a-challenge-to-leadership.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127141450/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/27/googles-thanksgiving-four-present-a-challenge-to-leadership.html |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="CNBC four">{{Cite web |last1=Elias |first1=Jennifer |title=Google's 'Thanksgiving Four' present a challenge to leadership as campus activism rises |work=[[CNBC]] |date=2019-11-27 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/27/googles-thanksgiving-four-present-a-challenge-to-leadership.html |language=en |access-date=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127141450/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/27/googles-thanksgiving-four-present-a-challenge-to-leadership.html |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Fast Company NLRB">{{cite web |last=Captain |first=Sean |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90440298/fired-employees-invoke-googles-dont-be-evil-motto-in-their-workplace-complaint |title=Fired employees invoke Google’s ‘Don’t be evil’ motto in their workplace complaint |work=Fast Company |date=December 6, 2019 |accessdate=January 17, 2020 |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211113955/https://www.fastcompany.com/90440298/fired-employees-invoke-googles-dont-be-evil-motto-in-their-workplace-complaint |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Fast Company NLRB">{{cite web |last=Captain |first=Sean |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90440298/fired-employees-invoke-googles-dont-be-evil-motto-in-their-workplace-complaint |title=Fired employees invoke Google's 'Don't be evil' motto in their workplace complaint |work=Fast Company |date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=January 17, 2020 |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211113955/https://www.fastcompany.com/90440298/fired-employees-invoke-googles-dont-be-evil-motto-in-their-workplace-complaint |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Recode cafeteria">{{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Thousands of Googles cafeteria workers have unionized |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=2019-12-31 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/31/21043467/google-union-cafeteria-workers-unionized-alphabet-silicon-valley-mountainview |language=en |accessdate=2019-12-31 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195712/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/31/21043467/google-union-cafeteria-workers-unionized-alphabet-silicon-valley-mountainview |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Recode cafeteria">{{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Thousands of Googles cafeteria workers have unionized |work=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |date=2019-12-31 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/31/21043467/google-union-cafeteria-workers-unionized-alphabet-silicon-valley-mountainview |language=en |access-date=2019-12-31 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195712/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/12/31/21043467/google-union-cafeteria-workers-unionized-alphabet-silicon-valley-mountainview |url-status=live | quote=At Google, contractors make up around half of the company’s total workforce and are called “TVCs” — temps, vendors, and contractors. }}</ref>
 <ref name="Reuters NLRB">{{Cite news |last=Dave |first=Paresh |agency=[[Reuters]] |title=Labor Group Accuses Google of Illegally Firing Workers to Stifle Unionism |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2019-12-05 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/05/business/05reuters-google-unions.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all |access-date=December 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207031812/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/12/05/business/05reuters-google-unions.html |archive-date=December 7, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Verge all-hands">{{Cite web |last1=Lecher |first1=Colin |title=Google is scaling back its weekly all-hands meetings after leaks, Sundar Pichai tells staff |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-11-15 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/15/20966718/google-weekly-all-hands-tgif-staff-meeting-changes-ceo-sundar-pichai |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123020825/https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/15/20966718/google-weekly-all-hands-tgif-staff-meeting-changes-ceo-sundar-pichai |archive-date=November 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Verge all-hands">{{Cite web |last1=Lecher |first1=Colin |title=Google is scaling back its weekly all-hands meetings after leaks, Sundar Pichai tells staff |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-11-15 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/15/20966718/google-weekly-all-hands-tgif-staff-meeting-changes-ceo-sundar-pichai |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123020825/https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/15/20966718/google-weekly-all-hands-tgif-staff-meeting-changes-ceo-sundar-pichai |archive-date=November 23, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-<ref name="Verge busting">{{Cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=Google is accused of union busting after firing four employees |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-11-25 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/25/20983053/google-fires-four-employees-memo-rebecca-rivers-laurence-berland-union-busting-accusation-walkout |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206091622/https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/25/20983053/google-fires-four-employees-memo-rebecca-rivers-laurence-berland-union-busting-accusation-walkout |url-status=live }}</ref>
+<ref name="Verge busting">{{Cite web |last1=Hollister |first1=Sean |title=Google is accused of union busting after firing four employees |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-11-25 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/25/20983053/google-fires-four-employees-memo-rebecca-rivers-laurence-berland-union-busting-accusation-walkout |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206091622/https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/25/20983053/google-fires-four-employees-memo-rebecca-rivers-laurence-berland-union-busting-accusation-walkout |url-status=live }}</ref>
 }}
@@ Line 69: / Line 99: @@
 {{refbegin}}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Bastone |first1=Nick |title=Briefing: Google Walkout, One Year Ago Today |work=[[The Information (company)|The Information]] |date=2019-11-01 |url=https://www.theinformation.com/briefings/753874 |accessdate=2019-12-02 |df=mdy-all }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Bastone |first1=Nick |title=Briefing: Google Walkout, One Year Ago Today |work=[[The Information (company)|The Information]] |date=2019-11-01 |url=https://www.theinformation.com/briefings/753874 |access-date=2019-12-02 |df=mdy-all }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Bergen |first1=Mark |last2=Eidelson |first2=Josh |title=Google Staffers Share Stories of ‘Systemic’ Retaliation |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-04-26 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509063525/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-26/google-staffers-share-350-stories-of-systemic-retaliation |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Bergen |first1=Mark |last2=Eidelson |first2=Josh |title=Google Staffers Share Stories of 'Systemic' Retaliation |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-04-26 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-26/google-staffers-share-350-stories-of-systemic-retaliation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509063525/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-26/google-staffers-share-350-stories-of-systemic-retaliation |access-date=2019-11-26 |archive-date=May 9, 2019 |df=mdy-all }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Brandom |first1=Russell |title=Google contractor accused of offshoring jobs in retaliation for union campaign |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2020-10-09 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/9/21509201/google-union-nlrb-hcl-america-offshoring-pittsburgh-organizing |language=en |accessdate=2020-10-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012071752/https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/9/21509201/google-union-nlrb-hcl-america-offshoring-pittsburgh-organizing |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Brandom |first1=Russell |title=Google contractor accused of offshoring jobs in retaliation for union campaign |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2020-10-09 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/9/21509201/google-union-nlrb-hcl-america-offshoring-pittsburgh-organizing |language=en |access-date=2020-10-12 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=October 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012071752/https://www.theverge.com/2020/10/9/21509201/google-union-nlrb-hcl-america-offshoring-pittsburgh-organizing |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Brustein |first1=Joshua |last2=Bergen |first2=Mark |author3=Eidelson, Josh |title=Googlers Protest Retaliation; Even Some Facebook Staff Join Fray |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-05-01 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-01/googlers-protest-retaliation-even-some-facebook-staff-join-fray |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-date=May 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190507015303/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-01/googlers-protest-retaliation-even-some-facebook-staff-join-fray |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Alexia Fernández |title=Google employees say the company is punishing them for their activism |work=Vox |date=2019-04-23 |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/4/23/18512542/google-employee-walkout-organizers-claim-retaliation |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010064359/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/23/18512542/google-employee-walkout-organizers-claim-retaliation |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Campbell |first1=Alexia Fernández |title=Google employees say the company is punishing them for their activism |work=Vox |date=2019-04-23 |url=https://www.vox.com/2019/4/23/18512542/google-employee-walkout-organizers-claim-retaliation |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=October 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010064359/https://www.vox.com/2019/4/23/18512542/google-employee-walkout-organizers-claim-retaliation |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Carville |first1=Olivia |last2=Grant |first2=Nico |title=Google Workers Stage Mass Walkout to Protest Handling of Sexual Misconduct |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2018-11-01 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428144009/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-01/google-workers-stage-mass-walkout-to-protest-handling-of-sexual-misconduct |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Carville |first1=Olivia |last2=Grant |first2=Nico |title=Google Workers Stage Mass Walkout to Protest Handling of Sexual Misconduct |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2018-11-01 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-01/google-workers-stage-mass-walkout-to-protest-handling-of-sexual-misconduct |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428144009/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-01/google-workers-stage-mass-walkout-to-protest-handling-of-sexual-misconduct |access-date=2019-11-26 |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |df=mdy-all }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Angela |title=Google contract workers voted to unionize. The law isn’t on their side. |work=MIT Technology Review |date=2019-09-25 |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614433/google-contract-worker-unionize-pittsburgh-untied-steel-workers-labor-activism-technology/ |language=en-US |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Angela |title=Google contract workers voted to unionize. The law isn't on their side. |work=MIT Technology Review |date=2019-09-25 |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614433/google-contract-worker-unionize-pittsburgh-untied-steel-workers-labor-activism-technology/ |language=en-US |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Angela |title=Employees say Google is trying to spy on them. That’ll be hard to prove. |work=MIT Technology Review |date=2019-10-24 |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614623/google-spying-employees-calendar-extension-surveillance-workplace-labor-law-nlra-nlrb/ |language=en-US |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206091623/https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/10/24/65110/google-spying-employees-calendar-extension-surveillance-workplace-labor-law-nlra-nlrb/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Angela |title=Employees say Google is trying to spy on them. That'll be hard to prove. |work=MIT Technology Review |date=2019-10-24 |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614623/google-spying-employees-calendar-extension-surveillance-workplace-labor-law-nlra-nlrb/ |language=en-US |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206091623/https://www.technologyreview.com/2019/10/24/65110/google-spying-employees-calendar-extension-surveillance-workplace-labor-law-nlra-nlrb/ |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Conger |first1=Kate |last2=Scheiber |first2=Noam |title=Employee Activism Is Alive in Tech. It Stops Short of Organizing Unions. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2019-07-08 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/08/technology/tech-companies-union-organizing.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=March 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304010526/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/08/technology/tech-companies-union-organizing.html |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Conger |first1=Kate |last2=Scheiber |first2=Noam |title=The Great Google Revolt |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2020-02-18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/18/magazine/google-revolt.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all |access-date=May 3, 2020 |archive-date=May 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503153504/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/18/magazine/google-revolt.html |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Eidelson |first1=Josh |last2=Kanu |first2=Hassan |last3=Bergen |first3=Mark |title=Google Urged the U.S. to Limit Protection For Activist Workers |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-01-24 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508184753/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-24/google-urged-the-u-s-to-limit-protection-for-activist-workers |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Eidelson |first1=Josh |last2=Kanu |first2=Hassan |last3=Bergen |first3=Mark |title=Google Urged the U.S. to Limit Protection For Activist Workers |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-01-24 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-24/google-urged-the-u-s-to-limit-protection-for-activist-workers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508184753/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-24/google-urged-the-u-s-to-limit-protection-for-activist-workers |access-date=2019-11-26 |archive-date=May 8, 2019 |df=mdy-all }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Elias |first1=Jennifer |title=Google employees protested the interrogation of two colleagues by the company's investigations team, memo says |work=CNBC |date=2019-11-19 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/19/google-employees-protested-security-team-interrogation-memo-says.html |language=en |accessdate=2019-12-02 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202032225/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/19/google-employees-protested-security-team-interrogation-memo-says.html |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Elias |first1=Jennifer |title=Google employees protested the interrogation of two colleagues by the company's investigations team, memo says |work=CNBC |date=2019-11-19 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/19/google-employees-protested-security-team-interrogation-memo-says.html |language=en |access-date=2019-12-02 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202032225/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/19/google-employees-protested-security-team-interrogation-memo-says.html |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Elias |first1=Jennifer |title=Google employees petition company to cancel police contracts |work=CNBC |date=2020-06-22 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/22/google-employees-petition-company-to-cancel-police-contracts.html |language=en |accessdate=2020-07-06 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707080908/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/22/google-employees-petition-company-to-cancel-police-contracts.html |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Elias |first1=Jennifer |title=Google employees petition company to cancel police contracts |work=CNBC |date=2020-06-22 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/22/google-employees-petition-company-to-cancel-police-contracts.html |language=en |access-date=2020-07-06 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707080908/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/22/google-employees-petition-company-to-cancel-police-contracts.html |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Farivar |first1=Cyrus |title=Thousands of Google employees slam execs’ response to sexual misconduct |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2018-11-01 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/11/google-offices-from-mountain-view-to-atlanta-protest-sexual-misconduct/ |language=en-us |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127164431/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/11/google-offices-from-mountain-view-to-atlanta-protest-sexual-misconduct/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Farivar |first1=Cyrus |title=Thousands of Google employees slam execs' response to sexual misconduct |work=[[Ars Technica]] |date=2018-11-01 |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/11/google-offices-from-mountain-view-to-atlanta-protest-sexual-misconduct/ |language=en-us |access-date=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127164431/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/11/google-offices-from-mountain-view-to-atlanta-protest-sexual-misconduct/ |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Feldman |first1=Noah |title=The Google walkout is a new kind of worker activism |work=[[The Japan Times Online]] |date=2018-11-03 |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/11/03/business/google-walkout-new-kind-worker-activism/ |language=en-US |issn=0447-5763 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108112507/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/11/03/business/google-walkout-new-kind-worker-activism/ |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Fung |first1=Brian |title=Google's tensions with employees reach a breaking point |work=[[CNN]] |date=2019-11-26 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/26/tech/google-employee-tensions/index.html |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127195906/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/26/tech/google-employee-tensions/index.html |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Fung |first1=Brian |title=Google's tensions with employees reach a breaking point |work=[[CNN]] |date=2019-11-26 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/26/tech/google-employee-tensions/index.html |access-date=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127195906/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/26/tech/google-employee-tensions/index.html |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Hicks |first1=Mar |title=The long history behind the Google Walkout |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2018-11-09 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18078664/google-walkout-history-tech-strikes-labor-organizing |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313213827/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18078664/google-walkout-history-tech-strikes-labor-organizing |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Hicks |first1=Mar |title=The long history behind the Google Walkout |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2018-11-09 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18078664/google-walkout-history-tech-strikes-labor-organizing |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=March 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313213827/https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/9/18078664/google-walkout-history-tech-strikes-labor-organizing |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Gallagher |first1=Ryan |title=Google Accused of Creating Spy Tool to Squelch Worker Dissent |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-10-23 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122045309/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-23/google-accused-of-creating-spy-tool-to-squelch-worker-dissent |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Gallagher |first1=Ryan |title=Google Accused of Creating Spy Tool to Squelch Worker Dissent |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-10-23 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-23/google-accused-of-creating-spy-tool-to-squelch-worker-dissent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122045309/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-23/google-accused-of-creating-spy-tool-to-squelch-worker-dissent |access-date=2019-11-26 |archive-date=November 22, 2019 |df=mdy-all }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Gallagher |first1=Ryan |last2=Bergen |first2=Mark |title=Google Culture War Escalates as Era of Transparency Wanes |work=[[Bloomberg.com]] |date=2019-12-13 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-13/google-culture-war-escalates-as-era-of-transparency-wanes |language=en |df=mdy-all |access-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-date=December 18, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003247/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-13/google-culture-war-escalates-as-era-of-transparency-wanes |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Google employees join protest at Alphabet’s shareholder meeting |work=Vox |date=2019-06-19 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/19/18691870/google-employees-activists-protest-alphabet-shareholder-meeting |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711025621/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/19/18691870/google-employees-activists-protest-alphabet-shareholder-meeting |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Google employees join protest at Alphabet's shareholder meeting |work=Vox |date=2019-06-19 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/19/18691870/google-employees-activists-protest-alphabet-shareholder-meeting |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711025621/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/6/19/18691870/google-employees-activists-protest-alphabet-shareholder-meeting |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Tech workers have been reluctant to unionize, but Google contractors just changed that |work=Vox |date=2019-09-24 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/9/24/20880727/google-workers-unionized-contractors-hcl-tech-activism |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202173003/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/9/24/20880727/google-workers-unionized-contractors-hcl-tech-activism |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Tech workers have been reluctant to unionize, but Google contractors just changed that |work=Vox |date=2019-09-24 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/9/24/20880727/google-workers-unionized-contractors-hcl-tech-activism |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202173003/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/9/24/20880727/google-workers-unionized-contractors-hcl-tech-activism |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=It’s been a year since 20,000 Google employees walked off the job. And they’re madder than ever. |work=Vox |date=2019-11-01 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942234/google-walkout-one-year-anniversary-unionization-organizing-tech-activism-we-wont-built-it |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126150106/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942234/google-walkout-one-year-anniversary-unionization-organizing-tech-activism-we-wont-built-it |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=It's been a year since 20,000 Google employees walked off the job. And they're madder than ever. |work=Vox |date=2019-11-01 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942234/google-walkout-one-year-anniversary-unionization-organizing-tech-activism-we-wont-built-it |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126150106/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942234/google-walkout-one-year-anniversary-unionization-organizing-tech-activism-we-wont-built-it |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Google fired an employee who questioned its work with Customs and Border Protection |work=Vox |date=2019-11-25 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/25/20982649/google-fired-rebecca-rivers-employee-questioned-work-customs-and-border-protection |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126223717/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/25/20982649/google-fired-rebecca-rivers-employee-questioned-work-customs-and-border-protection |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Ghaffary |first1=Shirin |title=Google fired an employee who questioned its work with Customs and Border Protection |work=Vox |date=2019-11-25 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/25/20982649/google-fired-rebecca-rivers-employee-questioned-work-customs-and-border-protection |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126223717/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/25/20982649/google-fired-rebecca-rivers-employee-questioned-work-customs-and-border-protection |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Gurley |first1=Lauren Kaori |title=1,000 Employees Are Demanding Google Eliminate Carbon Emissions |work=Vice |date=2019-11-05 |url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/pa74b8/1000-employees-are-demanding-changes-in-googles-climate-record |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105183342/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/pa74b8/1000-employees-are-demanding-changes-in-googles-climate-record |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Gurley |first1=Lauren Kaori |title=1,000 Employees Are Demanding Google Eliminate Carbon Emissions |work=Vice |date=2019-11-05 |url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/pa74b8/1000-employees-are-demanding-changes-in-googles-climate-record |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105183342/https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/pa74b8/1000-employees-are-demanding-changes-in-googles-climate-record |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Kowitt |first1=Beth |title=Inside Google’s Civil War |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=2019-05-17 |url=https://fortune.com/longform/inside-googles-civil-war/ |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217114327/https://fortune.com/longform/inside-googles-civil-war/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Kowitt |first1=Beth |title=Inside Google's Civil War |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=2019-05-17 |url=https://fortune.com/longform/inside-googles-civil-war/ |language=en |access-date=2019-11-27 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217114327/https://fortune.com/longform/inside-googles-civil-war/ |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Newcomb |first1=Alyssa |title=Google Workers to Join Amazon and Microsoft Employees on Sept. 20’s Walkout for the Environment |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=2019-09-16 |url=https://fortune.com/2019/09/16/global-climate-strike-protest-google-amazon-microsoft-walkout/ |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203180934/https://fortune.com/2019/09/16/global-climate-strike-protest-google-amazon-microsoft-walkout/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Newcomb |first1=Alyssa |title=Google Workers to Join Amazon and Microsoft Employees on Sept. 20's Walkout for the Environment |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=2019-09-16 |url=https://fortune.com/2019/09/16/global-climate-strike-protest-google-amazon-microsoft-walkout/ |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203180934/https://fortune.com/2019/09/16/global-climate-strike-protest-google-amazon-microsoft-walkout/ |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Newton |first1=Casey |title=Google’s internal activism is spreading across tech companies |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-08-14 |url=https://www.theverge.com/interface/2019/8/14/20804403/google-walkout-legacy-activism-microsoft-amazon |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129101401/https://www.theverge.com/interface/2019/8/14/20804403/google-walkout-legacy-activism-microsoft-amazon |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Newton |first1=Casey |title=Google's internal activism is spreading across tech companies |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2019-08-14 |url=https://www.theverge.com/interface/2019/8/14/20804403/google-walkout-legacy-activism-microsoft-amazon |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129101401/https://www.theverge.com/interface/2019/8/14/20804403/google-walkout-legacy-activism-microsoft-amazon |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Paunescu |first1=Delia |title=Can employee activism change Google? Revisiting the employee walkout one year later. |work=Vox |date=2019-11-01 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942488/google-discrimination-protest-employee-walkout-reset-podcast |language=en |accessdate=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126145838/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942488/google-discrimination-protest-employee-walkout-reset-podcast |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Paunescu |first1=Delia |title=Can employee activism change Google? Revisiting the employee walkout one year later. |work=Vox |date=2019-11-01 |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942488/google-discrimination-protest-employee-walkout-reset-podcast |language=en |access-date=2019-11-26 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126145838/https://www.vox.com/recode/2019/11/1/20942488/google-discrimination-protest-employee-walkout-reset-podcast |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Scheiber |first1=Noam |last2=Wakabayashi |first2=Daisuke |title=Google Hires Firm Known for Anti-Union Efforts |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2019-11-20 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/20/technology/Google-union-consultant.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126123729/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/20/technology/Google-union-consultant.html |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Schiffer |first1=Zoe |title=Google illegally spied on workers before firing them, US labor board alleges |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2020-12-02 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/2/22047383/google-spied-workers-before-firing-labor-complaint |language=en |accessdate=2020-12-06 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150205/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/2/22047383/google-spied-workers-before-firing-labor-complaint |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Schiffer |first1=Zoe |title=Google illegally spied on workers before firing them, US labor board alleges |work=[[The Verge]] |date=2020-12-02 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/2/22047383/google-spied-workers-before-firing-labor-complaint |language=en |access-date=2020-12-06 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=December 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205150205/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/2/22047383/google-spied-workers-before-firing-labor-complaint |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite web |last1=Tarnoff |first1=Ben |title=The Making of the Tech Worker Movement |work=Logic Magazine |date=2020-05-04 |url=https://logicmag.io/the-making-of-the-tech-worker-movement/full-text/ |accessdate=2020-09-11 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818070808/https://logicmag.io/the-making-of-the-tech-worker-movement/full-text/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite web |last1=Tarnoff |first1=Ben |title=The Making of the Tech Worker Movement |work=Logic Magazine |date=2020-05-04 |url=https://logicmag.io/the-making-of-the-tech-worker-movement/full-text/ |access-date=2020-09-11 |df=mdy-all |archive-date=August 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818070808/https://logicmag.io/the-making-of-the-tech-worker-movement/full-text/ |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Tiku |first1=Nitasha |title=Three Years of Misery Inside Google, the Happiest Company in Tech |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=2019-08-13 |url=https://www.wired.com/story/inside-google-three-years-misery-happiest-company-tech/ |issn=1059-1028 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-date=November 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127045402/https://www.wired.com/story/inside-google-three-years-misery-happiest-company-tech/ |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Wakabayashi |first1=Daisuke |last2=Griffith |first2=Erin |last3=Tsang |first3=Amie |last4=Conger |first4=Kate |title=Google Walkout: Employees Stage Protest Over Handling of Sexual Harassment |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2018-11-01 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/01/technology/google-walkout-sexual-harassment.html |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606134315/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/01/technology/google-walkout-sexual-harassment.html |url-status=live }}
-* {{Cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |title=Google staff condemn treatment of temp workers in 'historic' show of solidarity |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2019-04-02 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/02/google-workers-sign-letter-temp-contractors-protest |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=November 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103050359/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/02/google-workers-sign-letter-temp-contractors-protest |url-status=live }}
+* {{Cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |author-link=Julia Carrie Wong |title=Google staff condemn treatment of temp workers in 'historic' show of solidarity |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2019-04-02 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/02/google-workers-sign-letter-temp-contractors-protest |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=November 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103050359/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/02/google-workers-sign-letter-temp-contractors-protest |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |title=Google worker activists accuse company of retaliation at 'town hall' |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2019-04-27 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/26/google-worker-activists-accuse-company-of-retaliation-at-town-hall |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=December 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223064023/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/26/google-worker-activists-accuse-company-of-retaliation-at-town-hall |url-status=live }}
 * {{Cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |title='I've paid a huge personal cost': Google walkout organizer resigns over alleged retaliation |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2019-06-07 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jun/07/google-walkout-organizer-claire-stapleton-resigns |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |df=mdy-all |access-date=November 26, 2019 |archive-date=October 30, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030004857/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jun/07/google-walkout-organizer-claire-stapleton-resigns |url-status=live }}
@@ Line 109: / Line 139: @@
 trust gap https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/8/18075936/google-walkout-protest-movement-sexual-harassmesnt-policy-change
 -->
+{{refend}}{{Multinational unions}}{{Google LLC|state=expanded}}
-{{refend}}
-{{Google LLC|state=expanded}}
+[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
 [[Category:Criticism of Google|worker organization]]
 [[Category:Google employees|*]]
 [[Category:Labor relations in the United States]]
+[[Category:Tech sector trade unions]]
+[[Category:Labor relations by company|Google]]
+[[Category:Labour relations in the United Kingdom]]
+[[Category:Labor in Switzerland]]
+[[Category:Labor in South Korea]]
+[[Category:United Steelworkers]]
+[[Category:Communications Workers of America]]

v t e Multinational corporation unions
Manufacturing	Amazon Apple Foxconn Siemens Tesla Volkswagen
Internet and Telecommunication	Alphabet IBM Microsoft SAP Spotify Telekom
Food and drinks	Starbucks McDonald's
Aviation and transport	Ryanair