Gregory S. Girolami: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|American inorganic chemist}} |
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{{one source|date=November 2014}} |
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'''Gregory S. Girolami<ref>{{cite web|title=Link to Dr. Girolami's webpage at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|url=http://www.chemistry.illinois.edu/faculty/Gregory_Girolami.html}}</ref>''' (born October 16, 1956){{Citation needed|date=June 2022}} is the William H. and Janet G. Lycan Professor of Chemistry at the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign]]. His research focuses on the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of new inorganic, organometallic, and solid state species. Girolami has been elected a fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kloeppel|first=James E.|title=Eleven professors at Illinois elected as 2007 AAAS Fellows|url=https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/206496|access-date=2021-06-01|website=news.illinois.edu|language=en-US}}</ref> the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greetings from the Department Head {{!}} Chemistry at Illinois|url=https://chemistry.illinois.edu/greetings-department-head-1|access-date=2021-06-01|website=chemistry.illinois.edu}}</ref> and the [[American Chemical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-23|title=2013 ACS Fellows|url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/91/i30/2013-ACS-Fellows.html|access-date=2021-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923195815/https://cen.acs.org/articles/91/i30/2013-ACS-Fellows.html|archive-date=2020-09-23}}</ref> |
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{{Infobox scientist |
{{Infobox scientist |
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| name = Gregory Scott Girolami |
| name = Gregory Scott Girolami |
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| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1956}} |
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| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]] |
| alma_mater = [[University of Texas at Austin]] {{small | B.S.}}<br> |
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[[University of California at Berkeley]] {{small | Ph.D. (1981)}} |
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| thesis_title = Alkyl and Lewis-Base Derivatives of Compounds which contain Multiple Metal-Metal Bonds |
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| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/alkyl-lewis-base-derivatives-compounds-which/docview/303010543 |
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| thesis_year = 1981 |
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| doctoral_advisor = [[Richard A. Andersen (chemist)|Richard A. Andersen]] |
| doctoral_advisor = [[Richard A. Andersen (chemist)|Richard A. Andersen]] |
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| academic_advisors = [[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] |
| academic_advisors = [[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] |
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| doctoral_students = [[Cheon Jinwoo]], Wenbin Lin,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wenbin Lin CV (2018)|url=https://www.capachembiol.org/2018LinWenbin_OKeanos-CAPA%20Senior%20Investigator.pdf |
| doctoral_students = [[Cheon Jinwoo]], Wenbin Lin,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wenbin Lin CV (2018)|url=https://www.capachembiol.org/2018LinWenbin_OKeanos-CAPA%20Senior%20Investigator.pdf}}</ref> Julia L. Brumaghim,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chemistry.sites.clemson.edu/brumaghimgroup/boss.html|access-date=2021-05-19|website=chemistry.sites.clemson.edu}}</ref> Timothy H. Warren<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tim Warren|url=https://www.thewarrengroupchemistry.com/tim-warren|access-date=2021-05-19|website=The Warren Group|language=en}}</ref> |
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| website = {{URL|http:// |
| website = {{URL|http://faculty.scs.illinois.edu/girolami/}} |
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'''Gregory S. Girolami<ref>{{cite web|title=Link to Dr. Girolami's webpage at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|url=http://www.chemistry.illinois.edu/faculty/Gregory_Girolami.html}}</ref>''' is the William H. and Janet G. Lycan Professor of Chemistry at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]. His research focuses on the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of new inorganic, organometallic, and solid state species. Girolami is also co-founder of a start-up company, [http://www.tiptek.com/ Tiptek LLC], which manufactures ultrasharp probe tips for use in scanning tunneling microscopy and for fault diagnosis and testing of integrated circuits. |
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==Early life and education== |
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He was born in 1956<ref>{{Cite web|title=Girolami, Gregory S. 1956-|url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n98015422/}}</ref> in [[Honolulu, Hawaii]], and grew up in [[California]], [[Mexico]], and [[Missouri]].{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} He started college at the age of 16,{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} and four years later received B.S. degrees both in chemistry and in physics from the [[University of Texas at Austin]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=X-Ray Crystallography, by Gregory S. Girolami, published by University Science Books|url=https://www.uscibooks.com/girolami.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.uscibooks.com}}</ref> He obtained his Ph.D. in 1981 from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] with Prof. [[Richard A. Andersen (chemist)|Richard A. Andersen]]. Girolami's doctoral research centered on the chemistry of quadruply-bonded dinuclear transition metal complexes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Mainz|first2=Vera V.|last3=Andersen|first3=Richard A.|date=1980-04-01|title=Coordination complexes of tetrakis(trifluoroacetato)dimolybdenum. A solution proton, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopic study|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50206a004|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=19|issue=4|pages=805–810|doi=10.1021/ic50206a004|issn=0020-1669}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Andersen|first2=Richard A.|date=1981-07-01|title=Reaction of binuclear carboxylate complexes of molybdenum, rhenium, ruthenium, and rhodium with tert-butyl isocyanide: metal-metal bond cleavage vs. bond retention|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50221a022|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=20|issue=7|pages=2040–2044|doi=10.1021/ic50221a022|issn=0020-1669}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Mainz|first2=Vera V.|last3=Andersen|first3=Richard A.|last4=Vollmer|first4=Sara H.|last5=Day|first5=Victor W.|date=1981-07-01|title=Quadruply bonded tetramethyltetrakis(trialkylphosphine)dimolybdenum compounds: phosphine exchange kinetics, acetone formation with carbon monoxide and crystal structure of Mo2Me4(PMe3)4|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00403a069|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=103|issue=13|pages=3953–3955|doi=10.1021/ja00403a069|issn=0002-7863}}</ref> Thereafter, he was a NATO postdoctoral fellow with Sir [[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] at the [[Imperial College London|Imperial College of Science and Technology]], and his work there focused on the synthesis and chemistry of [[first-row transition metal]]-alkyl complexes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Salt|first2=Julian E.|last3=Wilkinson|first3=Geoffrey|last4=Thornton-Pett|first4=Mark|last5=Hursthouse|first5=Michael B.|date=1983-09-01|title=Alkyl, hydride, and dinitrogen 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane complexes of chromium. Crystal structures of Me2Cr(dmpe)2, CrH4(dmpe)2, and Cr(N2)2(dmpe)2|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00356a060|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=105|issue=18|pages=5954–5956|doi=10.1021/ja00356a060|issn=0002-7863}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Wilkinson|first2=Geoffrey|last3=Thornton-Pett|first3=Mark|last4=Hursthouse|first4=Michael B.|date=1983-10-01|title=Hydrido, alkyl, and ethylene 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane complexes of manganese and the crystal structures of MnBr2(dmpe)2, [Mn(AlH4)(dmpe)2]2 and MnMe2(dmpe)2|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00360a054|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=105|issue=22|pages=6752–6753|doi=10.1021/ja00360a054|issn=0002-7863}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Wilkinson|first2=Geoffrey|last3=Galas|first3=Anita M. R.|last4=Thornton-Pett|first4=Mark|last5=Hursthouse|first5=Michael B.|date=1985-01-01|title=Synthesis and properties of the divalent 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) complexes MCl2(dmpe)2 and MMe2(dmpe)2(M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, or Fe). X-Ray crystal structures of MCl2(dmpe)2(M = Ti, V, or Cr), MnBr2(dmpe)2, TiMe1.3Cl0.7(dmpe)2, and CrMe2(dmpe)2|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/1985/dt/dt9850001339|journal=Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions|language=en|issue=7|pages=1339–1348|doi=10.1039/DT9850001339|issn=1364-5447}}</ref> |
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Girolami received his B.S. degrees in chemistry and physics from the [[University of Texas at Austin]] and his Ph.D. degree from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] with [[Richard A. Andersen (chemist)|Richard A. Andersen]]. Thereafter, he was a NATO postdoctoral fellow with Sir [[Geoffrey Wilkinson]] at [[Imperial College London|Imperial College of Science and Technology]], and joined the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] faculty in 1983. He has served as Head of the Chemistry Department twice, first from 2000 until 2005 and again from 2013 to 2016. |
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== Independent career == |
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Girolami joined the faculty of the [[University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]] in 1983. He has served as Head of the Chemistry Department twice, first from 2000 until 2005 and again from 2013 to 2016. |
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Girolami has received numerous awards for his research, including the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, a [[Sloan Research Fellowship|Sloan Foundation Fellowship]], a Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, and a University Scholar Award. He is the author of several popular and well-regarded textbooks, and is regularly named to the list of excellent teachers on the University of Illinois campus. He has been elected a Fellow of several academies, including the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]], the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]], and the [[American Chemical Society]]. |
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He is the author of several textbooks, including ''X-ray Crystallography''<ref name=":0" /> and ''Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry.''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, A Laboratory Manual|author1=Gregory S. Girolami|author2=Thomas B. Rauchfuss|author3=Robert J. Angelici|author3-link=Robert Angelici|url=http://www.uscibooks.com/rauch.htm|access-date=2021-05-31|website=www.uscibooks.com}}</ref> He was the co-editor of volume 36 of ''Inorganic Syntheses''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 36 {{!}} Wiley|url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Inorganic+Syntheses%2C+Volume+36-p-9781118744840|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Wiley.com|language=en-us}}</ref> |
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Girolami is also co-founder of a [[University spin-off|university spin-off company]], [http://www.tiptek.com/ Tiptek LLC], which manufactures ultrasharp probe tips for use in [[Scanning tunneling microscope|scanning tunneling microscopy]] and for fault diagnosis and testing of [[integrated circuit]]s. The company has patented its field-directed sputter sharpening (FDSS) technology, which was originally developed in the laboratories of Girolami and fellow UIUC Professor [[Joseph Lyding]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Schmucker|first1=S. W.|last2=Kumar|first2=N.|last3=Abelson|first3=J. R.|last4=Daly|first4=S. R.|last5=Girolami|first5=G. S.|last6=Bischof|first6=M. R.|last7=Jaeger|first7=D. L.|last8=Reidy|first8=R. F.|last9=Gorman|first9=B. P.|last10=Alexander|first10=J.|last11=Ballard|first11=J. B.|date=2012-07-03|title=Field-directed sputter sharpening for tailored probe materials and atomic-scale lithography|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=935|doi=10.1038/ncomms1907|pmid=22760634|bibcode=2012NatCo...3..935S|issn=2041-1723|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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==Research== |
==Research== |
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Girolami's |
To date, Girolami's independent research career has encompassed five major themes: mechanistic studies of [[Organometallic chemistry|organometallic reactions]] such as the polymerization of alkenes and the activation of saturated alkanes, the [[chemical vapor deposition]] of thin films from designed molecular precursors, the construction and study of molecular analogs of the [[Photosynthetic reaction centre|photosynthetic reaction center]], actinide chemistry, and the synthesis of new molecule-based [[magnetic materials]]. His research approach emphasizes the synthesis of new inorganic and organometallic compounds and materials, investigations of their mechanisms of formation, and measurements and interpretations of their physical properties. |
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=== Organometallic chemistry === |
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In 1989 Girolami and Morse showed that {{chem|[Zr(CH|3|)|6|]|2-}} was trigonal prismatic as indicated by [[X-ray crystallography]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Morse, P. M. |author2=Girolami, G. S. |journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc.|year=1989|volume=111|page= 4114|doi=10.1021/ja00193a061|title=Are d<sup>0</sup> ML<sub>6</sub> complexes always octahedral? The X-ray structure of trigonal-prismatic [Li(tmed)]2[ZrMe6]|issue=11}}</ref> They accurately predicted that other d<sup>0</sup> ML<sub>6</sub> species such as {{chem|[Nb(CH|3|)|6|]|-}}, {{chem|[Ta(CH|3|)|6|]|-}}, and W(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub> would also prove to be trigonal prismatic. |
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Girolami's early work focused on the synthesis of transition metal compounds with metal-hydrogen and metal-carbon bonds, especially those possessing unusual electronic structures. In 1989, Girolami and Morse showed that {{chem|[Zr(CH|3|)|6|]|2-}} was of [[trigonal prismatic molecular geometry]] as indicated by [[X-ray crystallography]].<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|author1=Morse, P. M.|author2=Girolami, G. S.|year=1989|title=Are d<sup>0</sup> ML<sub>6</sub> complexes always octahedral? The X-ray structure of trigonal-prismatic [Li(tmed)]2[ZrMe6]|journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc.|volume=111|issue=11|page=4114|doi=10.1021/ja00193a061}}</ref> This rare molecular geometry was attributed to second-order [[Jahn-Teller distortion]]s in this d<sup>0</sup> metal complex. Girolami's group accurately predicted that other d<sup>0</sup> ML<sub>6</sub> species such as {{chem|[Nb(CH|3|)|6|]|-}}, {{chem|[Ta(CH|3|)|6|]|-}}, and [[Hexamethyltungsten|W(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]] would also prove to have trigonal prismatic geometry.<ref name=":1" /> Girolami also discovered the first titanium alkyl/alkene complex in 1993, which models the key intermediate in [[Ziegler-Natta catalysis]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Spencer|first1=Michael D.|last2=Morse|first2=Paige M.|last3=Wilson|first3=Scott R.|last4=Girolami|first4=Gregory S.|date=1993-03-01|title=Preparation, catalytic reactivity, and x-ray crystal structure of the first Group 4 alkyl/alkene complexes. The first structural models of the key Ziegler-Natta catalytic intermediate|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00058a073|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=115|issue=5|pages=2057–2059|doi=10.1021/ja00058a073|issn=0002-7863}}</ref> Later model studies of C-H, B-H, and Si-H activation by transition metal complexes led to his current work on approaches to the isolation of stable alkane complexes. |
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=== Chemical vapor deposition === |
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== Other Heads, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois == |
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In the mid-1980s Girolami began research on the [[chemical vapor deposition]] (CVD) of thin films, especially of phases containing transition metals. Girolami studied the chemical design of new CVD precursors. He investigated copper(I) compounds for copper CVD,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Jeffries|first2=Patrick M.|last3=Dubois|first3=Lawrence H.|date=1993|title=Mechanistic studies of copper thin-film growth from CuI and CuII .beta.-diketonates|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja00056a028|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=115|issue=3|pages=1015–1024|doi=10.1021/ja00056a028|issn=0002-7863}}</ref> an approach that is now a key fabrication step for integrated circuits.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=Peter G.|last2=Kurek|first2=Agnieszka|last3=Barry|first3=Seán T.|date=2014-12-09|title=Trends in Copper Precursor Development for CVD and ALD Applications|journal=ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=N3188–N3197|doi=10.1149/2.0261501jss|s2cid=97668427 |issn=2162-8769|doi-access=free}}</ref> His mechanistic studies of CVD processes involved transition metals, and these efforts have recently resulted in the development of low-temperature CVD to achieve the deposition of [[Conformal film|conformal thin films]], in work carried out in collaboration with Professor John Abelson of Illinois' Department of Materials Science and Engineering.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Abelson|first1=John R.|last2=Girolami|first2=Gregory S.|date=2020-04-09|title=New strategies for conformal, superconformal, and ultrasmooth films by low temperature chemical vapor deposition|journal=Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A|volume=38|issue=3|pages=030802|doi=10.1116/6.0000035|bibcode=2020JVSTA..38c0802A|issn=0734-2101|doi-access=free}}</ref> Most recently, he discovered a new class of highly volatile CVD precursors containing the aminodiboranate ligand.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Daly|first1=Scott R.|last2=Kim|first2=Do Young|last3=Yang|first3=Yu|last4=Abelson|first4=John R.|last5=Girolami|first5=Gregory S.|date=2010-02-24|title=Lanthanide N,N-Dimethylaminodiboranates: Highly Volatile Precursors for the Deposition of Lanthanide-Containing Thin Films|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9098005|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=132|issue=7|pages=2106–2107|doi=10.1021/ja9098005|pmid=20108908|issn=0002-7863}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Daly|first1=Scott R.|last2=Kim|first2=Do Young|last3=Girolami|first3=Gregory S.|date=2012-07-02|title=Lanthanide N,N-Dimethylaminodiboranates as a New Class of Highly Volatile Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursors|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ic201852j|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=51|issue=13|pages=7050–7065|doi=10.1021/ic201852j|pmid=22686567|issn=0020-1669}}</ref> |
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=== Molecular analogs of the photosynthetic reaction center === |
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! Head |
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In a now-concluded project, Girolami studied the chemistry and photophysics of bis([[porphyrin]]ate) metal sandwich complexes in collaboration with Illinois Professor of Chemistry [[Kenneth S. Suslick]]. These complexes were proposed to mimic the conversion of light to chemical energy in photosynthesis. Girolami's group synthesized bis(porphyrin) complexes of thorium, uranium,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Gorlin|first2=Philip A.|last3=Milam|first3=Stanley N.|last4=Suslick|first4=Kenneth S.|last5=Wilson|first5=Scott R.|date=1994-06-01|title=Bis(porphyrin)actinide Complexes and Their Radical Cations and Dications|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00958979408024247|journal=Journal of Coordination Chemistry|volume=32|issue=1–3|pages=173–212|doi=10.1080/00958979408024247|issn=0095-8972}}</ref> zirconium,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Hein|first2=Christopher L.|last3=Suslick|first3=Kenneth S.|date=1996|title=A Zirconium Bis(porphyrinate) Sandwich Complex with an Appended Quinone|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.199612231|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English|volume=35|issue=11|pages=1223–1225|doi=10.1002/anie.199612231|issn=1521-3773}}</ref> and hafnium, and showed that these complexes displayed photophysical properties similar to those of the [[P700|“special pair”]], a chlorophyll dimer present in the [[photosystem I]] reaction center.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Girolami|first1=Gregory S.|last2=Gorlin|first2=Philip A.|last3=Suslick|first3=Kenneth S.|date=1994-02-01|title=Electronically asymmetric bis(porphyrin) sandwich complexes|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00082a002|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=33|issue=4|pages=626–627|doi=10.1021/ic00082a002|issn=0020-1669}}</ref> |
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! Years of Service |
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! Years |
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=== Actinide chemistry === |
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Overlapping with Girolami's interest in bis(porphryin) complexes that mimic the photosynthetic reaction center, the Girolami group has also studied actinide chemistry.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bilsel|first1=Osman|last2=Rodriguez|first2=Juan|last3=Milam|first3=Stanley N.|last4=Gorlin|first4=Philip A.|last5=Girolami|first5=Gregory S.|last6=Suslick|first6=Kenneth S.|last7=Holten|first7=Dewey|date=1992-07-01|title=Electronic states and optical properties of porphyrins in van der Waals contact: thorium(IV) sandwich complexes|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00042a037|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=114|issue=16|pages=6528–6538|doi=10.1021/ja00042a037|issn=0002-7863}}</ref> |
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| A. P. S. Stewart |
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| 1868–1874 |
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=== Magnetic materials === |
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| 6 |
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In the mid-1990s, Girolami began an investigation of the synthesis of new magnetic solids via a building block approach, publishing in ''Science'' in 1995.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Entley|first1=William R.|last2=Girolami|first2=Gregory S.|date=1995-04-21|title=High-Temperature Molecular Magnets Based on Cyanovanadate Building Blocks: Spontaneous Magnetization at 230 K|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.268.5209.397|journal=Science|language=en|volume=268|issue=5209|pages=397–400|doi=10.1126/science.268.5209.397|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17746547|bibcode=1995Sci...268..397E|s2cid=10784183}}</ref> Girolami also reported metal-substituted analogs of [[Prussian blue]] that have magnetic ordering temperatures above 100 °C.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Holmes|first1=Stephen M.|last2=Girolami|first2=Gregory S.|date=1999-06-01|title=Sol−Gel Synthesis of KVII[CrIII(CN)6]·2H2O: A Crystalline Molecule-Based Magnet with a Magnetic Ordering Temperature above 100 °C|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/ja990946c|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=121|issue=23|pages=5593–5594|doi=10.1021/ja990946c|issn=0002-7863}}</ref> |
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| Henry A. Weber |
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== Awards == |
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| 1874–1882 |
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Girolami has received numerous awards for his research, including the [[Office of Naval Research]] Young Investigator Award, a [[Sloan Research Fellowship|Sloan Foundation Fellowship]], a Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, and a University Scholar Award.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gregory S. Girolami {{!}} Chemistry at Illinois|url=https://chemistry.illinois.edu/ggirolam|access-date=2021-06-01|website=chemistry.illinois.edu|language=en}}</ref> He has been honored by UIUC with a Campus Award for Excellence in Graduate and Professional Teaching, for the introduction of a graduate class in inorganic chemistry covering [[group theory]] and [[electronic correlation]] methods.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bureau|first=News|title=Faculty, staff and teaching assistants honored with Campus Awards for Excellence in Instruction|url=https://news.illinois.edu/view/6367/638044|access-date=2021-06-01|website=news.illinois.edu|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Greg Girolami recognized for excellence in teaching {{!}} Chemistry at Illinois|url=https://chemistry.illinois.edu/news/2018-04-13/greg-girolami-recognized-excellence-teaching|access-date=2021-06-01|website=chemistry.illinois.edu|language=en}}</ref> |
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| 8 |
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|- |
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| [[William McMurtrie]] |
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| 1882–1888 |
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| 6 |
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|- |
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| J. C. Jackson |
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| 1888 |
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| 1 |
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|- |
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| Arthur W. Palmer |
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| 1889–1904 |
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| 15 |
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|- |
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| Harry S. Grindley |
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| 1904–1907 |
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| 3 |
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|- |
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| [[William A. Noyes]] |
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| 1907–1926 |
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| 19 |
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|- |
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| [[Roger Adams]] |
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| 1926–1954 |
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| 28 |
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| [[H. E. Carter|Herbert E. Carter]] |
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| 1954–1967 |
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| 13 |
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| Herbert S. Gutowsky |
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| 1967–1983 |
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| 16 |
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| [[Larry R. Faulkner]] |
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| 1984–1989 |
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| 5 |
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| [[Gary Schuster|Gary B. Schuster]] |
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| 1989–1994 |
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| 5 |
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| [[Paul W. Bohn]] |
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| 1995–1999 |
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| 5 |
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| [[Steven Zimmerman|Steven C. Zimmerman]] |
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| 1999–2000 |
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| 1 |
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| Gregory S. Girolami |
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| 2000–2005 |
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| 5 |
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| [[Steven Zimmerman|Steven C. Zimmerman]] |
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| 2005-2013 |
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|8 |
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|Gregory S. Girolami |
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|2013-2016 |
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|Martin Gruebele |
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Latest revision as of 02:14, 19 June 2024
Gregory S. Girolami[1] (born October 16, 1956)[citation needed] is the William H. and Janet G. Lycan Professor of Chemistry at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses on the synthesis, properties, and reactivity of new inorganic, organometallic, and solid state species. Girolami has been elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,[2] the Royal Society of Chemistry,[3] and the American Chemical Society.[4]
Gregory Scott Girolami | |
---|---|
Born | 1956 (age 67–68) |
Alma mater | University of Texas at Austin B.S. University of California at Berkeley Ph.D. (1981) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Chemistry |
Institutions | University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign |
Thesis | Alkyl and Lewis-Base Derivatives of Compounds which contain Multiple Metal-Metal Bonds (1981) |
Doctoral advisor | Richard A. Andersen |
Other academic advisors | Geoffrey Wilkinson |
Doctoral students | Cheon Jinwoo, Wenbin Lin,[5] Julia L. Brumaghim,[6] Timothy H. Warren[7] |
Website | faculty |
Early life and education
[edit]He was born in 1956[8] in Honolulu, Hawaii, and grew up in California, Mexico, and Missouri.[citation needed] He started college at the age of 16,[citation needed] and four years later received B.S. degrees both in chemistry and in physics from the University of Texas at Austin.[9] He obtained his Ph.D. in 1981 from the University of California, Berkeley with Prof. Richard A. Andersen. Girolami's doctoral research centered on the chemistry of quadruply-bonded dinuclear transition metal complexes.[10][11][12] Thereafter, he was a NATO postdoctoral fellow with Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson at the Imperial College of Science and Technology, and his work there focused on the synthesis and chemistry of first-row transition metal-alkyl complexes.[13][14][15]
Independent career
[edit]Girolami joined the faculty of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1983. He has served as Head of the Chemistry Department twice, first from 2000 until 2005 and again from 2013 to 2016.
He is the author of several textbooks, including X-ray Crystallography[9] and Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry.[16] He was the co-editor of volume 36 of Inorganic Syntheses.[17]
Girolami is also co-founder of a university spin-off company, Tiptek LLC, which manufactures ultrasharp probe tips for use in scanning tunneling microscopy and for fault diagnosis and testing of integrated circuits. The company has patented its field-directed sputter sharpening (FDSS) technology, which was originally developed in the laboratories of Girolami and fellow UIUC Professor Joseph Lyding.[18]
Research
[edit]To date, Girolami's independent research career has encompassed five major themes: mechanistic studies of organometallic reactions such as the polymerization of alkenes and the activation of saturated alkanes, the chemical vapor deposition of thin films from designed molecular precursors, the construction and study of molecular analogs of the photosynthetic reaction center, actinide chemistry, and the synthesis of new molecule-based magnetic materials. His research approach emphasizes the synthesis of new inorganic and organometallic compounds and materials, investigations of their mechanisms of formation, and measurements and interpretations of their physical properties.
Organometallic chemistry
[edit]Girolami's early work focused on the synthesis of transition metal compounds with metal-hydrogen and metal-carbon bonds, especially those possessing unusual electronic structures. In 1989, Girolami and Morse showed that [Zr(CH
3)
6]2−
was of trigonal prismatic molecular geometry as indicated by X-ray crystallography.[19] This rare molecular geometry was attributed to second-order Jahn-Teller distortions in this d0 metal complex. Girolami's group accurately predicted that other d0 ML6 species such as [Nb(CH
3)
6]−
, [Ta(CH
3)
6]−
, and W(CH3)6 would also prove to have trigonal prismatic geometry.[19] Girolami also discovered the first titanium alkyl/alkene complex in 1993, which models the key intermediate in Ziegler-Natta catalysis.[20] Later model studies of C-H, B-H, and Si-H activation by transition metal complexes led to his current work on approaches to the isolation of stable alkane complexes.
Chemical vapor deposition
[edit]In the mid-1980s Girolami began research on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin films, especially of phases containing transition metals. Girolami studied the chemical design of new CVD precursors. He investigated copper(I) compounds for copper CVD,[21] an approach that is now a key fabrication step for integrated circuits.[22] His mechanistic studies of CVD processes involved transition metals, and these efforts have recently resulted in the development of low-temperature CVD to achieve the deposition of conformal thin films, in work carried out in collaboration with Professor John Abelson of Illinois' Department of Materials Science and Engineering.[23] Most recently, he discovered a new class of highly volatile CVD precursors containing the aminodiboranate ligand.[24][25]
Molecular analogs of the photosynthetic reaction center
[edit]In a now-concluded project, Girolami studied the chemistry and photophysics of bis(porphyrinate) metal sandwich complexes in collaboration with Illinois Professor of Chemistry Kenneth S. Suslick. These complexes were proposed to mimic the conversion of light to chemical energy in photosynthesis. Girolami's group synthesized bis(porphyrin) complexes of thorium, uranium,[26] zirconium,[27] and hafnium, and showed that these complexes displayed photophysical properties similar to those of the “special pair”, a chlorophyll dimer present in the photosystem I reaction center.[28]
Actinide chemistry
[edit]Overlapping with Girolami's interest in bis(porphryin) complexes that mimic the photosynthetic reaction center, the Girolami group has also studied actinide chemistry.[29]
Magnetic materials
[edit]In the mid-1990s, Girolami began an investigation of the synthesis of new magnetic solids via a building block approach, publishing in Science in 1995.[30] Girolami also reported metal-substituted analogs of Prussian blue that have magnetic ordering temperatures above 100 °C.[31]
Awards
[edit]Girolami has received numerous awards for his research, including the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, a Sloan Foundation Fellowship, a Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, and a University Scholar Award.[32] He has been honored by UIUC with a Campus Award for Excellence in Graduate and Professional Teaching, for the introduction of a graduate class in inorganic chemistry covering group theory and electronic correlation methods.[33][34]
References
[edit]- ^ "Link to Dr. Girolami's webpage at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign".
- ^ Kloeppel, James E. "Eleven professors at Illinois elected as 2007 AAAS Fellows". news.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ "Greetings from the Department Head | Chemistry at Illinois". chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ "2013 ACS Fellows". 2020-09-23. Archived from the original on 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ "Wenbin Lin CV (2018)" (PDF).
- ^ chemistry.sites.clemson.edu https://chemistry.sites.clemson.edu/brumaghimgroup/boss.html. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ^ "Tim Warren". The Warren Group. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
- ^ "Girolami, Gregory S. 1956-".
- ^ a b "X-Ray Crystallography, by Gregory S. Girolami, published by University Science Books". www.uscibooks.com. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Mainz, Vera V.; Andersen, Richard A. (1980-04-01). "Coordination complexes of tetrakis(trifluoroacetato)dimolybdenum. A solution proton, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopic study". Inorganic Chemistry. 19 (4): 805–810. doi:10.1021/ic50206a004. ISSN 0020-1669.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Andersen, Richard A. (1981-07-01). "Reaction of binuclear carboxylate complexes of molybdenum, rhenium, ruthenium, and rhodium with tert-butyl isocyanide: metal-metal bond cleavage vs. bond retention". Inorganic Chemistry. 20 (7): 2040–2044. doi:10.1021/ic50221a022. ISSN 0020-1669.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Mainz, Vera V.; Andersen, Richard A.; Vollmer, Sara H.; Day, Victor W. (1981-07-01). "Quadruply bonded tetramethyltetrakis(trialkylphosphine)dimolybdenum compounds: phosphine exchange kinetics, acetone formation with carbon monoxide and crystal structure of Mo2Me4(PMe3)4". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 103 (13): 3953–3955. doi:10.1021/ja00403a069. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Salt, Julian E.; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Thornton-Pett, Mark; Hursthouse, Michael B. (1983-09-01). "Alkyl, hydride, and dinitrogen 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane complexes of chromium. Crystal structures of Me2Cr(dmpe)2, CrH4(dmpe)2, and Cr(N2)2(dmpe)2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (18): 5954–5956. doi:10.1021/ja00356a060. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Thornton-Pett, Mark; Hursthouse, Michael B. (1983-10-01). "Hydrido, alkyl, and ethylene 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane complexes of manganese and the crystal structures of MnBr2(dmpe)2, [Mn(AlH4)(dmpe)2]2 and MnMe2(dmpe)2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (22): 6752–6753. doi:10.1021/ja00360a054. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Galas, Anita M. R.; Thornton-Pett, Mark; Hursthouse, Michael B. (1985-01-01). "Synthesis and properties of the divalent 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) complexes MCl2(dmpe)2 and MMe2(dmpe)2(M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, or Fe). X-Ray crystal structures of MCl2(dmpe)2(M = Ti, V, or Cr), MnBr2(dmpe)2, TiMe1.3Cl0.7(dmpe)2, and CrMe2(dmpe)2". Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions (7): 1339–1348. doi:10.1039/DT9850001339. ISSN 1364-5447.
- ^ Gregory S. Girolami; Thomas B. Rauchfuss; Robert J. Angelici. "Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, A Laboratory Manual". www.uscibooks.com. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ "Inorganic Syntheses, Volume 36 | Wiley". Wiley.com. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ Schmucker, S. W.; Kumar, N.; Abelson, J. R.; Daly, S. R.; Girolami, G. S.; Bischof, M. R.; Jaeger, D. L.; Reidy, R. F.; Gorman, B. P.; Alexander, J.; Ballard, J. B. (2012-07-03). "Field-directed sputter sharpening for tailored probe materials and atomic-scale lithography". Nature Communications. 3 (1): 935. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..935S. doi:10.1038/ncomms1907. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 22760634.
- ^ a b Morse, P. M.; Girolami, G. S. (1989). "Are d0 ML6 complexes always octahedral? The X-ray structure of trigonal-prismatic [Li(tmed)]2[ZrMe6]". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (11): 4114. doi:10.1021/ja00193a061.
- ^ Spencer, Michael D.; Morse, Paige M.; Wilson, Scott R.; Girolami, Gregory S. (1993-03-01). "Preparation, catalytic reactivity, and x-ray crystal structure of the first Group 4 alkyl/alkene complexes. The first structural models of the key Ziegler-Natta catalytic intermediate". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (5): 2057–2059. doi:10.1021/ja00058a073. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Jeffries, Patrick M.; Dubois, Lawrence H. (1993). "Mechanistic studies of copper thin-film growth from CuI and CuII .beta.-diketonates". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (3): 1015–1024. doi:10.1021/ja00056a028. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Gordon, Peter G.; Kurek, Agnieszka; Barry, Seán T. (2014-12-09). "Trends in Copper Precursor Development for CVD and ALD Applications". ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology. 4 (1): N3188–N3197. doi:10.1149/2.0261501jss. ISSN 2162-8769. S2CID 97668427.
- ^ Abelson, John R.; Girolami, Gregory S. (2020-04-09). "New strategies for conformal, superconformal, and ultrasmooth films by low temperature chemical vapor deposition". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A. 38 (3): 030802. Bibcode:2020JVSTA..38c0802A. doi:10.1116/6.0000035. ISSN 0734-2101.
- ^ Daly, Scott R.; Kim, Do Young; Yang, Yu; Abelson, John R.; Girolami, Gregory S. (2010-02-24). "Lanthanide N,N-Dimethylaminodiboranates: Highly Volatile Precursors for the Deposition of Lanthanide-Containing Thin Films". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (7): 2106–2107. doi:10.1021/ja9098005. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 20108908.
- ^ Daly, Scott R.; Kim, Do Young; Girolami, Gregory S. (2012-07-02). "Lanthanide N,N-Dimethylaminodiboranates as a New Class of Highly Volatile Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursors". Inorganic Chemistry. 51 (13): 7050–7065. doi:10.1021/ic201852j. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 22686567.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Gorlin, Philip A.; Milam, Stanley N.; Suslick, Kenneth S.; Wilson, Scott R. (1994-06-01). "Bis(porphyrin)actinide Complexes and Their Radical Cations and Dications". Journal of Coordination Chemistry. 32 (1–3): 173–212. doi:10.1080/00958979408024247. ISSN 0095-8972.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Hein, Christopher L.; Suslick, Kenneth S. (1996). "A Zirconium Bis(porphyrinate) Sandwich Complex with an Appended Quinone". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 35 (11): 1223–1225. doi:10.1002/anie.199612231. ISSN 1521-3773.
- ^ Girolami, Gregory S.; Gorlin, Philip A.; Suslick, Kenneth S. (1994-02-01). "Electronically asymmetric bis(porphyrin) sandwich complexes". Inorganic Chemistry. 33 (4): 626–627. doi:10.1021/ic00082a002. ISSN 0020-1669.
- ^ Bilsel, Osman; Rodriguez, Juan; Milam, Stanley N.; Gorlin, Philip A.; Girolami, Gregory S.; Suslick, Kenneth S.; Holten, Dewey (1992-07-01). "Electronic states and optical properties of porphyrins in van der Waals contact: thorium(IV) sandwich complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 114 (16): 6528–6538. doi:10.1021/ja00042a037. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ Entley, William R.; Girolami, Gregory S. (1995-04-21). "High-Temperature Molecular Magnets Based on Cyanovanadate Building Blocks: Spontaneous Magnetization at 230 K". Science. 268 (5209): 397–400. Bibcode:1995Sci...268..397E. doi:10.1126/science.268.5209.397. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17746547. S2CID 10784183.
- ^ Holmes, Stephen M.; Girolami, Gregory S. (1999-06-01). "Sol−Gel Synthesis of KVII[CrIII(CN)6]·2H2O: A Crystalline Molecule-Based Magnet with a Magnetic Ordering Temperature above 100 °C". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 121 (23): 5593–5594. doi:10.1021/ja990946c. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ^ "Gregory S. Girolami | Chemistry at Illinois". chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ Bureau, News. "Faculty, staff and teaching assistants honored with Campus Awards for Excellence in Instruction". news.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Greg Girolami recognized for excellence in teaching | Chemistry at Illinois". chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2021-06-01.