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Hurricane Dean passed south of Jamaica on the evening of [[August 19]]<ref name="td4disc27">{{cite web|author=Franklin/Rhome|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.027.shtml?}}</ref> and began to intensify again that night.<ref name="td4public28">{{cite web|author=Blake|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.public.028.shtml?}}</ref> Its eyewall replacement cycle was thought to be completed.<ref name="td4disc28">{{cite web|author=Knabb|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.028.shtml?}}</ref> A concentric eyewall was briefly observed again on the morning of [[August 20]], but did not last long. The hurricane, still tracking west-northwest under the influence of a strengthening deep-layered high pressure system to the north, moved over waters with extremely high heat content and began to strengthen once again.<ref name="td4disc29">{{cite web|author=Pasch/Brown|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Nine|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.029.shtml?}}</ref> The eyewall became even better defined throughout the day.<ref name="td4disc30">{{cite web|author=Franklin|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.030.shtml?}}</ref>
Hurricane Dean passed south of Jamaica on the evening of [[August 19]]<ref name="td4disc27">{{cite web|author=Franklin/Rhome|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Seven|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.027.shtml?}}</ref> and began to intensify again that night.<ref name="td4public28">{{cite web|author=Blake|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.public.028.shtml?}}</ref> Its eyewall replacement cycle was thought to be completed.<ref name="td4disc28">{{cite web|author=Knabb|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Eight|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.028.shtml?}}</ref> A concentric eyewall was briefly observed again on the morning of [[August 20]], but did not last long. The hurricane, still tracking west-northwest under the influence of a strengthening deep-layered high pressure system to the north, moved over waters with extremely high heat content and began to strengthen once again.<ref name="td4disc29">{{cite web|author=Pasch/Brown|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Nine|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.029.shtml?}}</ref> The eyewall became even better defined throughout the day.<ref name="td4disc30">{{cite web|author=Franklin|year=2007|title=Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty|publisher=National Hurricane Center|accessdate=2007-08-20|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2007/al04/al042007.discus.030.shtml?}}</ref>

'''RELIEF EFFORTS'''
The University of Oklahoma president David Boren has pledged support to Chetumal, Mexico. The University will offer experts in tenant farming and tobacco growth to help preserve the local economy of Mexico, and sustain the quality of life for the many share-croppers inhabiting the area.
Texas A&M is co-sponsoring relief efforts by sending food, tobacco and liquids to help offer diversions to the local community. Cartels of Skoal and College Station's Finest Moonshine will be involved in a Festival celebrating new life Post-Hurricane Dean.
These two Universities are following precedents of numerous humanitarian efforts, all emphasizing efforts to promote Southern American life in economically depressed areas.


==Preparations==
==Preparations==

Revision as of 00:07, 21 August 2007

Template:Ongoing weather

"Hurricane Dean" redirects here. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Dean.
Hurricane Dean
Current storm status
Category 4 hurricane (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:8 p.m. EDT August 20 (0000 UTC August 21)
Location:18.2°N 85.1°W ± 10 nm
About 210 mi (335 km) E of Chetumal, Mexico
Sustained winds:135 knots | 155 mph | 250 km/h (1-min mean)
gusting to 160 knots | 185 mph | 295 km/h
Pressure:915 mbar (hPa) | 27.02 inHg
Movement:W at 17 kt | 20 mph | 31 km/h
See more detailed information.

Hurricane Dean is the fourth named storm, third tropical cyclone, first hurricane, and first major hurricane of the 2007 Atlantic hurricane season. It is also the most intense tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Basin since Hurricane Wilma of 2005, and the most intense tropical cyclone to threaten Jamaica since Hurricane Ivan of 2004. A Cape Verde-type hurricane, Dean took a west-northwest path through the Caribbean Sea and passed just to the south of Jamaica on August 20. It is currently forecast to cross the Yucatán Peninsula. At least 9 deaths have been reported and insured damage is estimated between $1.5 billion and $3 billion (USD).[1]

Storm history

Main article: Meteorological history of Hurricane Dean (2007)
Infrared satellite image of Hurricane Dean on August 18 as it churned through the eastern Caribbean Sea.
Track of Dean as of 11AM EDT August 19, 2007.

On August 11, 2007, a tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa,[2][3] and, encountering favorable conditions,[4] quickly developed into Tropical Depression Four about 520 miles (835 km) west-southwest of Cape Verde.[5]

The depression moved briskly westward,[6] and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Dean at 1500 UTC on August 14.[7] The storm's intensity continued to build[8] although dry air and cooler air inflow from the north were slowing structural development. Ragged bands formed on August 15[9] and the formation of a partial eyewall was observed later that day.[10]

Intensification continued[11] and the storm was upgraded to Hurricane Dean at 5 am EDT (9 am UTC) August 16.[12] The deep-layered ridge to the north continued to steer the system west, towards the Caribbean Sea.[13] The storm quickly strengthened to a Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[14][15] The storm's development slowed slightly but[16] a reconnaissance aircraft discovered a closed eyewall on August 17 as the storm passed through the Lesser Antilles.[17] Data from the aircraft also indicated that Hurricane Dean had strengthened to a Category 3 hurricane[18] and its trailing bands were still over the Lesser Antilles.[19] During the evening of August 17 Dean strengthened into a Category 4 hurricane[20] and continued to steadily grow in both size and intensifying through the night.[21][22] On August 18 the presence of a double eyewall was noted,[23] indicating an eyewall replacement cycle and causing short term fluctuations in intensity.[24][25] These fluctuations did not affect the storm's well defined satellite presentation.[23] Hurricane Dean weakened very slightly on morning of August 19 as it finished the eyewall replacement cycle and began to interact with the island of Jamaica[26][27]

Hurricane Dean passed south of Jamaica on the evening of August 19[28] and began to intensify again that night.[29] Its eyewall replacement cycle was thought to be completed.[30] A concentric eyewall was briefly observed again on the morning of August 20, but did not last long. The hurricane, still tracking west-northwest under the influence of a strengthening deep-layered high pressure system to the north, moved over waters with extremely high heat content and began to strengthen once again.[31] The eyewall became even better defined throughout the day.[32]

RELIEF EFFORTS The University of Oklahoma president David Boren has pledged support to Chetumal, Mexico. The University will offer experts in tenant farming and tobacco growth to help preserve the local economy of Mexico, and sustain the quality of life for the many share-croppers inhabiting the area. Texas A&M is co-sponsoring relief efforts by sending food, tobacco and liquids to help offer diversions to the local community. Cartels of Skoal and College Station's Finest Moonshine will be involved in a Festival celebrating new life Post-Hurricane Dean. These two Universities are following precedents of numerous humanitarian efforts, all emphasizing efforts to promote Southern American life in economically depressed areas.

Preparations

Close-up of the hurricane as photographed by International Space Station astronauts.

About a dozen cruise ships altered their itineraries to avoid the hurricane.[33] Airports in Jamaica were closed and flights were postponed until after the event.

Lesser Antilles

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dean on the Lesser Antilles

As Hurricane Dean approached the Lesser Antilles the local meteorological services issued watches and warnings, advising residence to prepare for the storm. Hurricane warnings were issued for St. Lucia, Dominica,[34] and Martinique and Guadeloupe and its dependencies.[35] Hurricane watches were issued for Saba and St. Eustatius.[36] Tropical storm warnings were issued for Barbados,[37] Antigua, Barbuda, St. Kitts, Nevis, and St. Maarten[38] St. Vincent and the Grenadines,[38] the U.S. Virgin Islands,[39] and the British Virgin Islands.[40] Tropical storm watches were issued for St. Maarten,[36] St. Vincent,[41] Grenada and its dependencies,[37] Montserrat,[34] and Anguilla.[42]

Airports were closed, local authorities set up shelters,[43] and emergency service personnel were readied.[44]

Greater Antilles

Puerto Rico

At 5 p.m. AST (2100 UTC) August 16 a tropical storm watch was issued for Puerto Rico.[35] At 11 p.m. AST August 16 (0300 UTC August 17) this advisory was upgraded to a tropical storm warning.[39] The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency deployed a five-member Federal Incident Response Support Team to the island ahead of Hurricane Dean, equipped with satellite communication systems to provide video-teleconferencing and help make real-time assessments of any damage.[45]

Dominican Republic

A tropical storm watch was issued for the south coast of the Dominican Republic at 11 p.m. AST August 16 (0300 UTC August 17).[39] On August 17 this tropical storm watch was upgraded to a tropical storm warning. Additionally a hurricane watch was issued from Cabo Beata to the Haitian border.[46] This was further upgraded that night with a hurricane warning from Barahona to the Haitian border.[47]

1,580 people were evacuated as the storm approached.[48]

Haiti

A tropical storm watch was issued at 5:35 a.m. AST (0900 UTC) August 17 for the southwestern peninsula of Haiti from Port-au-Prince to the Dominican border.[40] This advisory was upgraded the next morning to a tropical storm warning and a hurricane watch,[46] and that night was further upgraded to a hurricane warning.[49]

The Haitian coastal authority advised all small craft to stay on port, while at Port-au-Prince, all flights to southern Haiti from Toussaint Louverture International Airport were canceled.[50] More than 1000 people were evacuated from low-lying areas.[48] Several hundred homes were destroyed due to the resulting landslides.[51]

Jamaica

On August 17 a hurricane watch was issued for Jamaica.[52] Prime Minister of Jamaica Portia Simpson-Miller convened an emergency meeting of Jamaica's national disaster preparedness council.[44] The Jamaican government finalized evacuation plans, including making the country's national arena a shelter, and relocating inmates from two maximum security prisons.[33] Political parties in the island suspended their campaigning operations for the August 27 national elections, to allow residents to prepare for the storm.[53]

On August 18 the hurricane watch was adjusted to a hurricane warning.[54] Curfews were put in place for some parts of the island, while off-duty essential personnel were called back to work. The United States confirmed that it would offer aid if it was needed.[55]

More than 1,000 schools and churches were converted to emergency shelters, but residents had only occupied 47 when the storm arrived on Sunday night. The country's high crime rate led islanders to fear for their belongings should they abandon their homes.[56][57]

Cuba

On August 17 a tropical storm watch was issued for Cuba between the provinces of Camagüey and Guantánamo.[52] This was upgraded on the afternoon of August 18 to a tropical storm warning.[58] If necessary, soldiers and emergency officials were prepared to convert schools and other government buildings into temporary shelters.[50]

At 11 p.m. AST August 18 (0300 UTC August 19) a tropical storm watch was issued for portions of central Cuba: Ciego de Ávila, Sancti Spíritus, Cienfuegos, Matanzas, and Isla de la Juventud.[59]

150,000 people were evacuated from six eastern provinces,[48] and the government in Havana suspended all tourist programs ahead of the storm.[55]

Cayman Islands

At 11 a.m. AST (1500 UTC) on August 18 a hurricane watch was issued for the Cayman Islands.[54] 12 hours later, at 11 p.m. AST (0300 UTC August 19), as Hurricane Dean continued to track west towards the islands, the hurricane watch was upgraded to a hurricane warning.[59] Major airlines added flights leaving the islands for tourists to evacuate.[55][60] Tourists were barred from entering the islands starting August 17.[60] A mandatory evacuation order was also imposed on Little Cayman by Governor of the Cayman Islands Stuart Jack.[61] At 5 p.m AST (1700 UTC) on August 20 the National_Hurricane_Center recinded all warnings in the Cayman Islands. [62]

Mexico

On August 17, at the request of the Quintana Roo state government, the Civil Protection Office of Mexico's federal Interior Ministry declared a state of emergency for the entire state, including the towns and cities of Cancún, Playa del Carmen, and Chetumal as well as the islands of Cozumel, Isla Mujeres and Holbox. On August 18 authorities began evacuating people from parts of Quintana Roo, removing 2,500 people from Holbox Island[63] [53] and a further 80,000 tourists from elsewhere in the state.[64] With 20,000 food packages ready, the state of Yucatán, Quintana Roo's neighbour to the northwest, has declared a green alert,[65] and in Cancún shelter space was prepared for 73,000 people.[66]

At 11 am AST (1500 UTC) on August 19 a hurricane watch was issued on the Yucatán Peninsula from Chetumal to San Felipe.[67]

Belize

With a hurricane warning in effect for the coast and coastal islands north of Belize City, Belizeans are preparing for winds of up to 150 miles per hour.[68] Late last week the Coastguard met with emergency committees on Caye Caulker and Ambergris Caye to discuss the possibility of evacuating these islands by boat and plane. With tourists taking priority, NEMO’s co-ordinator for the islands, Jim Janmohamed, told Great Belize Television he was confident that a full evacuation could be implemented in time should the need arise.[69]

Honduras

Honduras has been put on a state of preventative alert for 48 hours, especially the Departments to the north of the country, with the Bay Islands being on a state of red alert. There are places ready to accommodate 10,000 people for 15 days if necessary.[70]

United States

Louisiana

The Governor's Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Preparedness activated its Crisis Action Team on August 16 to monitor the storm and coordinate preparation.[45] Governor of Louisiana Kathleen Blanco declared a state of emergency early on the evening of August 17[71] and asked for a presidential emergency declaration to give Louisiana access to federal funds prior to any landfall.[45]

Texas

Governor of Texas Rick Perry declared Dean to be an imminent threat to the state and initiated a full-scale hurricane preparedness effort on August 17 despite the storm being at least five days away.[72] Texas suffered severe flooding from several June/July storms, and Tropical Storm Erin ensured that the ground was still saturated. Governor Perry fears that more rainfall from Dean will cause additional flash flooding[73] and has 250 Texas Parks and Wildlife Department crews on standby with boats to assist in potential evacuations. He is also willing to deploy up to 10,000 Texas Military Forces soldiers if necessary.[45]

The Texas fuel industry began surging fuel loads to all coastal counties to insure adequate fuel in the event of Hurricane Dean causing a disruption to the fuel distribution system.[45]

In preparation for an evacuation, the Texas Department of Transportation began preparation for extra evacuation lanes and contraflow.[45]

NASA indicated that it will shorten the STS-118 mission as a precaution in case Dean approached Mission Control at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston.[74] To that effect, mission managers cut the mission's final spacewalk short by two hours,[75] allowing them to land a day earlier than originally planned.[76][50]

Oil companies

Oil futures moved sharply higher on August 15 as analysts considered the impact of Hurricane Dean on refining capacity if it were to move into the Caribbean as predicted.[77][78] Transocean evacuated 11 "nonessential" workers late on August 15 from an oil rig located about 160 miles (260 km) southeast of New Orleans. The company left about 125 personnel on board the structure.[79] A day later, Royal Dutch Shell evacuated 275 ancillary staff, following an evacuation of 188 due to Tropical Storm Erin.[33]

On August 18, 2007, 10,300 barrels of oil and 11 million cubic feet of natural gas were shut in per day, accounting for 0.8% of crude production in the Gulf of Mexico. By 11:30 a.m. CST (1630 UTC), two rigs and one platform had personnel evacuations to some degree.[80]

Pemex, the state-owned Mexican oil company, made preparations to shut down oil production on August 19 ahead of Dean,[55] evacuating 13,360 workers from more than 140 oil platforms, using 55 boats and 29 helicopters.[48] As the storm continued to intensify the number of evacuated Pemex workers increased to 18,000 on August 20 and all 407 wells and drilling operations were abandoned. This reduced the worldwide production of oil and natural gas by 2.65 million barrels and 2.6 billion cubic feet per day, respectively.[81]

Oil infrastructure may be in danger according to this Google Earth Mashup of tracking and geocoded infrastructure data from Cantarell and other fields at The Oil Drum (The techniques and source data for which can be found at this post). The extent of the damage will completely depend on the strength of Hurricane Dean after it emerges into the Bay of Campeche.

Impact

Overview

Deaths and damage from Hurricane Dean
Country Total
deaths 		State/
region 		State
total 		County County
total 		Direct
deaths 		Damage
(USD) 		Source
Dominica 2 2 Unknown [50]
Dominican Republic 1 1 Unknown [82]
Haiti 2 2 Unknown [48]
Jamaica 0 0 $2-4 billion [83]
Martinique 2 0 ~$270 million [84]
Nicaragua 1 1 Unknown [85]
Saint Lucia 1 1 Unknown [86]
Totals: 9 7 $3-6 billion [87]
Because of differing sources, totals may not match.

NOAA sea buoy 42059, which took a direct hit from Hurricane Dean,[21] reported a significant wave height of 33 feet at 4 a.m. AST (0800 UTC) August 18.[88]

Lesser Antilles

Main article: Effects of Hurricane Dean on the Lesser Antilles

The Hurricane Dean entered the Caribbean through the Saint Lucia Channel between St. Lucia and Martinique on August 17, while still a Category 2 hurricane.[17] The storm killed three people, damaged buildings throughout the island chain, and devastated the agricultural economies of St. Lucia, Martinique, and Dominica.

Greater Antilles

The storm passed to the south of most of the Greater Antilles, but its outer rain bands passed over many of the islands.

Puerto Rico

Rain from Hurricane Dean closed several roads and heavy surf pounded the coast.[89]

Dominican Republic

Hurricane Dean passed 270 km south of the capital, Santo Domingo, and the island experienced relatively little rain or wind.[90][91] However the storm did cause strong wave activity on the coastline and a 16-year-old boy was swept out to sea and died as he watched 16-foot swells break over a road in Santo Domingo.[82] Rough surf destroyed at least five houses along the southern coast[92] and damaged 316.[48]

Haiti

The outer fringes of Hurricane Dean swept over Hispaniola[90] bringing heavy squalls.[93] On Gonâve Island, power was cut to thousands of people, and some took shelter in schools and churches.[55]

Two people were killed in Tiburon and Moron, towns in the south and southeast of the island, respectively. Another four were injured in a sailboat.[48]

Jamaica

Flooding was reported on the east of the island, and mudslides on the northeast coast.[94] 17 people, believed to be Spanish divers, refused to leave the Pedro Cays and were stuck on the sandbank 50 miles south of the main island to weather the hurricane.[48] Hurricane Dean passed 50-60 miles south of Jamaica, directly over the Pedro Cays.[95] The highest point on the Cays is less than 5 meters above sea level.[96]

In Kingston, buildings collapsed[81] and houses had their roofing torn off by the strong winds, which also felled trees and lampposts. A shoot-out between police and looters occurred in the parish of Clarendon.[94] The road from Kingston to the airport was covered in sand, boulders, and downed powerlines.[81]

Insured damage in Jamaica is estimated as high as $2 billion (USD).[97]

Central America

Nicaragua

While no land effects have been reported in Nicaragua as of yet, a 4-year-old girl drowned on a boat that sank amidst high winds and waves in the Kukra River.[85]

Current storm information

Hurricane warning levels
Hurricane warning
Hurricane conditions
expected within 36 hours.
Hurricane watch
Hurricane conditions
possible within 48 hours.
Tropical storm warning
Tropical storm conditions expected within 36 hours.
Tropical storm watch
Tropical storm conditions possible within 48 hours.
Storm surge warning
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 36 hours.
Storm surge watch
Life-threatening storm surge possible within 48 hours.
Extreme wind warning
Winds reaching Category 3 status or higher likely (issued two hours or less before onset of extreme winds).

As of 8 p.m. EDT August 20 (0000 UTC August 21), Hurricane Dean is located within 10 nautical miles of 18.2°N 85.1°W, about 210 miles (335 km) east of Chetumal, Mexico. Maximum sustained winds are 135 knots (155 mph, 250 km/h), with stronger gusts. Minimum central pressure is 915 mbar (hPa; 27.02 InHg), and the system is moving west at 17 kt (20 mph, 31 km/h).

Hurricane-force winds extend outward up to 60 miles (95 km) from the storm center, while tropical storm-force winds extend outward up to 175 miles (280 km).

Rainfall totals of 5 to 10 inches (125 to 250 mm) are expected over Jamaica and the Yucatan Peninsula, with possible isolated amounts as high as 20 inches (500 mm). Over the Cayman Islands, rainfall totals of 4 to 8 inches (100 to 200 mm) are expected, with isolated amounts as high as 12 inches (300 mm) possible. Rainfall totals of 2 to 4 inches (50 to 100 mm) are possible in association with Dean across the Dominican Republic, Haiti and eastern Cuba, with isolated maximum amounts of up to 10 inches (250 mm) in the mountainous areas of southern Hispaniola and 7 inches (175 mm) over eastern Cuba.

Coastal storm surges of 5 to 9 feet (1.5 to 2.7 m) are possible in the Cayman Islands, along with large and dangerous waves. Storm surges of 9 to 11 feet (2.9 to 3.5 m) are possible along the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula north of the landfall point.

Watches and warnings

See also: Tropical cyclone warnings and watches

As of 2 p.m. EDT (1800 UTC) August 20, the following warnings and watches are in effect:

See also

Template:Wikinews3Template:Tcportal


References

  1. ^ EQECAT Estimates Dean Losses Between $1.5-$ 3 Billion, Insurance Journal, 2007-08-20
  2. ^ Knabb (2007). "August 11 Tropical Weather Outlook (1130)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  3. ^ Rhome (2007). "August 11 Tropical Weather Outlook (1730)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  4. ^ Rhome (2007). "August 12 Tropical Weather Outlook (0530)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  5. ^ Knabb/Blake (2007). "August 13 Tropical Weather Outlook (1130)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  6. ^ Brown/Franklin (2007). "Tropical Depression Four Discussion Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  7. ^ Avila (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
  8. ^ Brown (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  9. ^ Beven (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  10. ^ Blake (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Ten". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  11. ^ Brown (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Discussion Eleven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  12. ^ Beven (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twelve". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  13. ^ Blake (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  14. ^ Avila/Blake (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Fourteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  15. ^ Franklin (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Fifteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  16. ^ Beven (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  17. ^ a b Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Seventeen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17. Cite error: The named reference "td4disc17" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  18. ^ Avila/Mainelli (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Eighteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  19. ^ Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Special Discussion Nineteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  20. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Intermediate Advisory Nineteen 'A'". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  21. ^ a b Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  22. ^ Beven (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty One". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  23. ^ a b Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  24. ^ Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  25. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Four". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  26. ^ Pasch/Brown (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Five". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  27. ^ Franklin (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  28. ^ Franklin/Rhome (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  29. ^ Blake (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  30. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  31. ^ Pasch/Brown (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Twenty Nine". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  32. ^ Franklin (2007). "Hurricane Dean Discussion Thirty". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  33. ^ a b c Staff writer (2007-08-17). "Hurricane Dean Gains Power in Caribbean". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  34. ^ a b Beven (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twelve". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16. Cite error: The named reference "td4public12" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  35. ^ a b Blake/Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Fourteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  36. ^ a b Brown (2007). "Tropical Storm Dean Public Advisory Eleven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  37. ^ a b Pasch (2007). "Hurricane Dean Tropical Cyclone Update". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  38. ^ a b Blake/Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Thirteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  39. ^ a b c Franklin/Brown (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Fifteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  40. ^ a b Beven (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Sixteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  41. ^ Blake/Avila (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twelve (Corrected)". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  42. ^ Franklin/Brown (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Fourteen A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  43. ^ Staff writer (2007-08-16). "Hurricane Dean strengthens as it takes aim at Caribbean islands". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  44. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference BBC News August 17 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  45. ^ a b c d e f Staff Writer (2007). "Gulf States Mop Up After Erin, Ramp Up for Hurricane Dean". Environmental News Service. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  46. ^ a b Avila/Mainelli (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Seventeen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  47. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Intermediate Advisory Nineteen A". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h Staff Writer (2007-08-19). "Monster hurricane bears down on Jamaica". Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  49. ^ Knabb (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  50. ^ a b c d Jonathan Katz (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Gains Caribbean Strength". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  51. ^ Template:Cite wnews
  52. ^ a b Avila/Mainelli (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Nineteen". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  53. ^ a b Carlos Barria (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean bears down on Jamaica". Reuters. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  54. ^ a b Avila (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Two". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  55. ^ a b c d e Staff writer (2007-08-19). "Jamaica alert as Dean threatens". BBC News. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  56. ^ Howard Campbell (2007-08-19). "Hurricane Dean Pummels Jamaica". AP. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  57. ^ Staff Writer (2007-08-19). "Jamaicans start to feel hurricane". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
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  60. ^ a b "Cayman Islands Update - Hurricane Dean". Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  61. ^ "Little Cayman evacuated". Caymanian Compass. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  62. ^ "Mexico waits for Dean". Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  63. ^ Staff writer (2007-08-17). "Declara SEGOB emergencia en Quintana Roo" (in Template:Es icon). Notimex. Retrieved 2007-08-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  64. ^ AFP (2007). "Hurricane Dean turns deadly". France 24. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  65. ^ Staff writer (2007-08-17). "Preparativos en Yucatán por el huracán Dean" (in Template:Es icon). Diario de Yucatán. Retrieved 2007-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  66. ^ Chris Kraul (2007). "Mighty hurricane advances on Mexico". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  67. ^ Franklin/Rhome (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Six". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  68. ^ BBC, 20 August 2007: Mexico coast braces for hurricane http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6955163.stm
  69. ^ The San Pedro Daily, 18 August 2007: San Pedro prepares for evacuation: http://www.sanpedrodaily.com/8-18-07.html
  70. ^ http://www.laprensahn.com/ediciones/2007/08/20/autoridades_decretan_alerta_roja_en_islas_de_la_bahia
  71. ^ Associated Press (2007). "Blanco declares state of emergency". WWLTV. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
  72. ^ Governor Rick Perry (2007). "Gov. Perry Declares Hurricane Dean Imminent Threat to Texas". Office of the Governor. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  73. ^ Elizabeth White (2007). "Texas Soaked by Erin, Braces for Dean". Forbes. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
  74. ^ Jacqueline Charles (2007-08-18). "Storm warnings posted in Jamaica, Caymans". The Miami Herald. Retrieved 2007-08-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Staff writer (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean Forces NASA To Scale Back Final Spacewalk". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  76. ^ Mission Control Center (2007-08-18). "STS-118 MCC Status Report #20". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 2007-08-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  77. ^ Polya Lesova (2007). "Crude oil, natural gas rise sharply on storm worries". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  78. ^ Alejandro Bodipo-Memba (2007). "When gas prices go up, blame Dean". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  79. ^ Staff writer (2007-08-16). "Storm-Drenched Texas Prepare for Hurricane Dean". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
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  81. ^ a b c David Ovalle, Jacqueline Charles and Martin Merzer (2007-08-20). "Dean's rain reaches Mexico; damage reported in Jamaica". Miami Herald. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  82. ^ a b JACQUELINE CHARLES, JIM WYSS, TRENTON DANIEL AND MARTIN MERZE (2007-08-18). "Dean kills one in D.R., heading to Jamaica". Miami Herald. Retrieved 2007-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  83. ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aM00fwQOe.0Q
  84. ^ Hurricane Dean death toll climbs to 8
  85. ^ a b Hurricane Dean pummels Jamaica
  86. ^ Cite error: The named reference cbc_2007-08-17 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  87. ^ http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/international/2007/08/20/82848.htm
  88. ^ NOAA (2007). "Significant Wave Height at 42059". National Data Buoy Center. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
  89. ^ Staff Writer (2007-08-18). "Se aleja huracán "Dean" de Puerto Rico sin causar daños" (in Template:Es icon). Milenio. Retrieved 2007-08-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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  91. ^ Staff Writer (2007-08-18). "Dominican Republic feels effects of Hurricane Dean". Dominican Republic News. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  92. ^ AP Staff Writer (2007-08-19). "Tourists in Caribbean jam airports to escape Hurricane Dean". The Hindi. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  93. ^ Robert Schroeder (2007-08-18). "Hurricane Dean batters Dominican Republic with rain". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2007-08-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  94. ^ a b Staff Writer (2007-08-20). "Hurricane batters Jamaica's south". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-20.
  95. ^ Franklin/Rhome (2007). "Hurricane Dean Public Advisory Twenty Seven". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  96. ^ UNEP (2007-08-19). "ISLAND DIRECTORY". UN SYSTEM-WIDE EARTHWATCH. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  97. ^ http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aM00fwQOe.0Q
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