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The '''Hewlett-Packard series 80''' of small scientific desktop computers was introduced in 1979, beginning with the popular model 85 targeted at engineering and control applications.
The '''Hewlett-Packard series 80''' of '''small scientific desktop computers''' was introduced in 1979, beginning with the popular model 85 targeted at engineering and control applications.

==Features==


The HP-85's typewriter-style desktop case contained a 5" [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] screen, a tape drive (DC-100 cartridges, 210 kBytes capacity, 650 bytes/s transfer) and a thermal printer. It could be expanded through four module slots in the back that could hold memory modules, ROM extensions, or interfaces such as [[RS-232]] and [[IEEE-488|GPIB]].
The HP-85's typewriter-style desktop case contained a 5" [[Cathode ray tube|CRT]] screen, a tape drive (DC-100 cartridges, 210 kBytes capacity, 650 bytes/s transfer) and a thermal printer. It could be expanded through four module slots in the back that could hold memory modules, ROM extensions, or interfaces such as [[RS-232]] and [[IEEE-488|GPIB]].
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The machines were built around an HP-proprietary [[CPU]] running at 625 kHz (0.6 MHz, sic!) and had a BASIC interpreter in ROM. Programs could be stored on DC-100 cartridge tapes or on disk/tape units connected through GPIB.
The machines were built around an HP-proprietary [[CPU]] running at 625 kHz (0.6 MHz, sic!) and had a BASIC interpreter in ROM. Programs could be stored on DC-100 cartridge tapes or on disk/tape units connected through GPIB.


Despite the comparatively slow processor, the machines were quite advanced compared to other desktop computers of the time. The standard number format was a 12 digit (decimal) mantissa with exponents up to +/-499, and the interpreter supported a full set of scientific functions at this accuracy.
Despite the comparatively slow processor, the machines were quite advanced compared to other desktop computers of the time{{ref|70s}}. The standard number format was a 12 digit (decimal) [[significand|mantissa]] with exponents up to ±499, and the interpreter supported a full set of scientific functions at this accuracy.


They also included graphics functions (on screen and hard copy) in the standard model and could easily be expanded in hardware and software - for example, matrix operations could be added to the BASIC interpreter through option ROMs. For the larger HP-86 and HP-87 series, HP also offered a plug-in [[CP/M]] processor card.
They also included graphics functions (on screen and hard copy) in the standard model and could easily be expanded in hardware and software - for example, matrix operations could be added to the BASIC interpreter through option ROMs. For the larger HP-86 and HP-87 series, HP also offered a plug-in [[CP/M]] processor card.

The basic model HP-85 without options was priced at $3250 in 1980, which would be equivalent to approximately $7600 in 2005 dollars{{ref|dollars}}.


==Models==
==Models==
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|width="20%" | '''Model''' || ''' Year ''' || ''' Price ''' || '''Remarks'''
|width="20%" | '''Model''' || ''' Year ''' || ''' Price ''' || '''Remarks'''
|-
|-
| '''HP-85A''' || 1979 || $3,250 || 16K RAM, 32K ROM; 5" CRT, 32×16 text or 256×192 graphics; tape drive, printer
| '''HP-85A''' || 1979 || $3,250{{ref|dollars1}} || 16K RAM, 32K ROM; 5" CRT, 32×16 text or 256×192 graphics; tape drive, printer
|-
|-
|'''HP-83''' || 1981 || $2,250 || HP-85 less printer and tape drive
|'''HP-83''' || 1981 || $2,250{{ref|dollars2}} || HP-85 less printer and tape drive
|-
|-
|'''HP-86A''' || 1982 || $1,795 || external composite monitor, no tape drive or printer, 64K RAM
|'''HP-86A''' || 1982 || $1,795{{ref|dollars3}} || external composite monitor, no tape drive or printer, 64K RAM
|-
|-
|'''HP-87''' || 1982 || ? || 9" 80×16 (256×128) display, no printer, no tape, built-in HPIB; 32K RAM
|'''HP-87''' || 1982 || ? || 9" 80×16 (256×128) display, no printer, no tape, built-in HPIB; 32K RAM
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|'''HP-86B''' || ? || ? || update to HP-86; more memory built in
|'''HP-86B''' || ? || ? || update to HP-86; more memory built in
|-
|-
|'''HP-87XM''' || ? || $2,995 || update to HP-87; 128K RAM
|'''HP-87XM''' || 1983(?) || $2,995{{ref|dollars4}} || update to HP-87; 128K RAM
|-
|-
|'''HP-9915A/B''' || 1980 || ? || industrial rack-mount version of HP-85A without screen or keyboard, I/O ROM and Program Development ROM built in
|'''HP-9915A/B''' || 1980 || ? || industrial rack-mount version of HP-85A without screen or keyboard, I/O ROM and Program Development ROM built in
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|82949A Printer Interface ([[Centronics]] parallel)
|82949A Printer Interface ([[Centronics]] parallel)
|-
|-
|82950A Modem (110/300 bps, Bell 103/113)
|82950A Modem (110/300 bps, [[Bell 103 modem|Bell 103]]/113)
|-
|-
|82966A Data Link Interface (to connect to HP1000/3000 hosts)
|82966A Data Link Interface (to connect to HP1000/[[HP 3000|3000]] hosts)
|}
|}


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==Notes==
==Notes==


#{{note|70s}} e.g. [[Apple II]] (1977), Tandy [[TRS-80]] (1977), [[Commodore_PET|CBM 4032]] (1979), [[Zenith Z89]] (1980)
#{{note|dollars}} [http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/pol_sci/fac/sahr/sahr.htm Inflation Conversion Factors for Dollars]
#{{note|dollars1}} $3,250 in 1980 = ~ $7,600 in 2005 (see [http://oregonstate.edu/Dept/pol_sci/fac/sahr/sahr.htm Inflation Conversion Factors for Dollars])
#{{note|dollars2}} $2,250 in 1981 = ~$4,800 in 2005 (ibid.)
#{{note|dollars3}} $1,795 in 1982 = ~$3,600 in 2005 (ibid.)
#{{note|dollars4}} $2,995 in 1983 = ~$5,800 in 2005 (ibid.)



[[Category:Hewlett-Packard products|IL]]
[[Category:Hewlett-Packard products|IL]]

Revision as of 12:09, 16 January 2006

The Hewlett-Packard series 80 of small scientific desktop computers was introduced in 1979, beginning with the popular model 85 targeted at engineering and control applications.

Features

The HP-85's typewriter-style desktop case contained a 5" CRT screen, a tape drive (DC-100 cartridges, 210 kBytes capacity, 650 bytes/s transfer) and a thermal printer. It could be expanded through four module slots in the back that could hold memory modules, ROM extensions, or interfaces such as RS-232 and GPIB.

The machines were built around an HP-proprietary CPU running at 625 kHz (0.6 MHz, sic!) and had a BASIC interpreter in ROM. Programs could be stored on DC-100 cartridge tapes or on disk/tape units connected through GPIB.

Despite the comparatively slow processor, the machines were quite advanced compared to other desktop computers of the time[1]. The standard number format was a 12 digit (decimal) mantissa with exponents up to ±499, and the interpreter supported a full set of scientific functions at this accuracy.

They also included graphics functions (on screen and hard copy) in the standard model and could easily be expanded in hardware and software - for example, matrix operations could be added to the BASIC interpreter through option ROMs. For the larger HP-86 and HP-87 series, HP also offered a plug-in CP/M processor card.

Models

Model Year Price Remarks
HP-85A 1979 $3,250[2] 16K RAM, 32K ROM; 5" CRT, 32×16 text or 256×192 graphics; tape drive, printer
HP-83 1981 $2,250[3] HP-85 less printer and tape drive
HP-86A 1982 $1,795[4] external composite monitor, no tape drive or printer, 64K RAM
HP-87 1982 ? 9" 80×16 (256×128) display, no printer, no tape, built-in HPIB; 32K RAM
HP-85B ? ? update to HP-85A; 64K RAM; mass storage ROM included
HP-86B ? ? update to HP-86; more memory built in
HP-87XM 1983(?) $2,995[5] update to HP-87; 128K RAM
HP-9915A/B 1980 ? industrial rack-mount version of HP-85A without screen or keyboard, I/O ROM and Program Development ROM built in

ROM extensions

I/O to access GPIB, serial and parallel (GPIO) interfaces
Mass Storage to access diskette/disk drives on GPIB. Built into 85B, 86, 87.
Plotter including screen-dump to external dot matrix printer
Advanced Programming
Electronic Disk using parts of RAM as a disk drive
Matrix Mathematical matrix operations including inversion (solving linear equation systems)
Assembler
Program Development
MIKSAM file management
EMS access to SS-80 compatible mass storage
Service

Hardware extensions

82936A ROM drawer for up to 6 of the above ROMs (max 1 per unit)
82903A 16K Memory module for HP-85 (max 1 per unit)
82908A 64K Memory module for HP-86/87
82909A 128K Memory module for HP-86/87
82967A Speech synthesis module
82900A CP/M System for HP-86/87. Contains a Zilog Z80 microprocessor and 64 Kbytes dedicated RAM
82928A System monitor for assembly development
82929A Programmable ROM drawer for standard EPROMs

Interfaces

82937A HP-IB Interface (GPIB, IEEE-488, IEC625)
82938A HP-IL Interface
82939A RS-232 Serial Interface
82940A GPIO Interface (general-purpose 4 × 8bit parallel)
82941A BCD Interface (parallel, 11 binary coded decimal digits + sign)
82949A Printer Interface (Centronics parallel)
82950A Modem (110/300 bps, Bell 103/113)
82966A Data Link Interface (to connect to HP1000/3000 hosts)

External links

Notes

  1. ^ e.g. Apple II (1977), Tandy TRS-80 (1977), CBM 4032 (1979), Zenith Z89 (1980)
  2. ^ $3,250 in 1980 = ~ $7,600 in 2005 (see Inflation Conversion Factors for Dollars)
  3. ^ $2,250 in 1981 = ~$4,800 in 2005 (ibid.)
  4. ^ $1,795 in 1982 = ~$3,600 in 2005 (ibid.)
  5. ^ $2,995 in 1983 = ~$5,800 in 2005 (ibid.)
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