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|discipline = Locomotive Engineer
|discipline = Locomotive engineer
|institutions = [[Institution of Mechanical Engineers]]
|institutions = [[Institution of Mechanical Engineers]]
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Sir '''Henry Fowler, [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire|KBE]]''' (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was a [[Chief Mechanical Engineer]] of the [[Midland Railway]] and subsequently the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]].
Sir '''Henry Fowler, [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire|KBE]]''' (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was a [[chief mechanical engineer]] of the [[Midland Railway]] and subsequently the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]].


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
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Fowler was born in [[Evesham, Worcestershire|Evesham]], [[Worcestershire]], on 29 July 1870. His father, also called Henry was a [[furniture]] dealer, and his family were [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]. He was educated at [[Evesham#Education|Prince Henry's High School, Evesham]], and at [[Mason Science College]] (which became the [[University of Birmingham]]) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied [[metallurgy]]. He served an [[apprenticeship]] under [[John Aspinall (engineer)|John Aspinall]] at the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR)'s [[Horwich railway works|Horwich Works]] from 1887 to 1891. He then spent four years in the Testing Department under [[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]], whom he succeeded as Head of the Department.
Fowler was born in [[Evesham, Worcestershire|Evesham]], [[Worcestershire]], on 29 July 1870. His father, also called Henry was a [[furniture]] dealer, and his family were [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]]. He was educated at [[Evesham#Education|Prince Henry's High School, Evesham]], and at [[Mason Science College]] (which became the [[University of Birmingham]]) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied [[metallurgy]]. He served an [[apprenticeship]] under [[John Aspinall (engineer)|John Aspinall]] at the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR)'s [[Horwich railway works|Horwich Works]] from 1887 to 1891. He then spent four years in the Testing Department under [[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]], whom he succeeded as Head of the Department.


Between 1895 and 1900 he was Gas Engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the [[Midland Railway]] (MR). On 1 November 1905 he became Assistant Works Manager, being promoted to Works Manager two years later. In 1909 he succeeded [[Richard Deeley]] as [[Chief Mechanical Engineer]] (CME) of the MR.
Between 1895 and 1900 he was gas engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the [[Midland Railway]] (MR). On 1 November 1905 he became Assistant Works Manager, being promoted to Works Manager two years later. In 1909 he succeeded [[Richard Deeley]] as [[chief mechanical engineer]] (CME) of the MR.


Between 1915 and 1919 Fowler was employed on [[First World War|war work]] and [[James Anderson (mechanical engineer)|James Anderson]] became acting CME. During World War 1 he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being Director of Production from 1915 to 1917 and then Assistant Director General of Aircraft Production.<ref>http://www.steamindex.com/people/fowler.htm</ref> In 1919, Fowler was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his contributions to the war effort.<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=31297 |date=15 April 1919 |startpage=4991 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=31457 |date=11 July 1919 |startpage=8989 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref>
Between 1915 and 1919 Fowler was employed on [[First World War|war work]] and [[James Anderson (mechanical engineer)|James Anderson]] became acting CME. During World War 1 he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being Director of Production from 1915 to 1917 and then Assistant Director General of Aircraft Production.<ref>http://www.steamindex.com/people/fowler.htm</ref> In 1919, Fowler was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his contributions to the war effort.<ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=31297 |date=15 April 1919 |startpage=4991 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=31457 |date=11 July 1919 |startpage=8989 |supp=yes |accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref>
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{{s-bef|before=[[Richard Deeley]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Richard Deeley]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Mechanical Engineer]] of the [[Midland Railway]] |years=1909–1923}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief mechanical engineer]] of the [[Midland Railway]] |years=1909–1923}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]] |as=[[Chief Mechanical Engineers of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway|CME of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]] |as=[[Chief mechanical engineers of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway|CME of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Hughes (engineer)|George Hughes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Mechanical Engineers of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway|Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] |years=1925–1931}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief mechanical engineers of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway|Chief mechanical engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] |years=1925–1931}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ernest Lemon]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ernest Lemon]]}}
{{s-npo|pro}}
{{s-npo|pro}}

Revision as of 14:34, 6 October 2015

Sir Henry Fowler
Born(1870-07-29)29 July 1870
Evesham, Worcestershire
Died16 October 1938(1938-10-16) (aged 68)
NationalityBritish
EducationMason Science College, now the University of Birmingham
OccupationEngineer
Engineering career
DisciplineLocomotive engineer
InstitutionsInstitution of Mechanical Engineers

Sir Henry Fowler, KBE (29 July 1870 – 16 October 1938) was a chief mechanical engineer of the Midland Railway and subsequently the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.

Biography

Mason Science College, now the University of Birmingham

Fowler was born in Evesham, Worcestershire, on 29 July 1870. His father, also called Henry was a furniture dealer, and his family were Quakers. He was educated at Prince Henry's High School, Evesham, and at Mason Science College (which became the University of Birmingham) between 1885 and 1887 where he studied metallurgy. He served an apprenticeship under John Aspinall at the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR)'s Horwich Works from 1887 to 1891. He then spent four years in the Testing Department under George Hughes, whom he succeeded as Head of the Department.

Between 1895 and 1900 he was gas engineer of the L&YR, moving on 18 June 1900 to the Midland Railway (MR). On 1 November 1905 he became Assistant Works Manager, being promoted to Works Manager two years later. In 1909 he succeeded Richard Deeley as chief mechanical engineer (CME) of the MR.

Between 1915 and 1919 Fowler was employed on war work and James Anderson became acting CME. During World War 1 he was seconded to the Ministry of Munitions, being Director of Production from 1915 to 1917 and then Assistant Director General of Aircraft Production.[1] In 1919, Fowler was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his contributions to the war effort.[2][3]

In 1923 on the Grouping, he was appointed deputy CME of the newly formed London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), under George Hughes and became CME in October 1925.

Along with Anderson, Fowler was responsible for the adoption by the LMS of the Midland's small engine policy. Various Midland standard types were built by the LMS, including the 4P Midland Compound 4-4-0, the 2P 4-4-0, the 4F 0-6-0, and the 3F 0-6-0T. The small engine policy resulted in frequent double-heading, as the locomotives were not powerful enough to cope with loads, and thus increased expense. Standardisation also left these standard locomotives with short-travel valves and small axle boxes, the former leading to inefficiency and the latter to frequent hot axle boxes.

In 1928, the LMS introduced the Royal Scot 4-6-0 express passenger locomotive, based on the SR Lord Nelson Class.

In another departure from the small engine policy, several 2-6-0+0-6-2 Beyer-Garratts were acquired for the Toton-Brent coal trains but interference from Derby saw these receive standard small axle-boxes and short-travel valves with the result that they were poor performers.

Sir Henry retired in 1933, Ernest Lemon initially taking over as CME for a short period before William Stanier was head-hunted into the job from the Great Western Railway. Stanier was to reform LMS locomotive policy.

Sir Henry died in 1938.

Locomotive Designs

The following classes of steam locomotive were introduced by Sir Henry:

References

  1. ^ http://www.steamindex.com/people/fowler.htm
  2. ^ "No. 31297". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 15 April 1919.
  3. ^ "No. 31457". The London Gazette (invalid |supp= (help)). 11 July 1919.
Business positions
Preceded by Chief mechanical engineer of the Midland Railway
1909–1923 		Succeeded byas CME of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
Preceded by Chief mechanical engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
1925–1931 		Succeeded by
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
1927 		Succeeded by

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